CAN Based Collision Aviodance System for Automobiles (1) (1)

7/28/2019 CAN Based Collision Aviodance System for Automobiles (1) (1)

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Under the guidance of

Mr. T. VENUGOPAL

Assoc. Prof. ECE Department

BY1. 09J81A0424

2. 09J81A0431

3. 09J81A0450



BRIEF OVERVIEW :

Objective

Existing system

Embedded system

What is CAS?

Block Diagram

Power supply

ATmega16 Controller

Obstacle sensor

CAN, MCP2515 and MCP2551

LCD

DC Motor and L293D

Software Requirements

Operation

Advantages, Disadvantages

Future Scope

Conclusion



Objective of the Project :

• This project CAN BASED COLLISION AVOIDANCE

SYSTEM is intended for secure and smooth journey.

• If the driver himself is not concentrating on driving or any

other parameters, which may cause damage to vehicle

as well a life, this intelligent car/ vehicle warn the driver

regarding the danger ahead.



Existing system :

• Power train management system

• Antilock braking system (ABS)

• Acceleration skid control (ASC) system, etc,

• The functionality and wiring of these electric control units

(ECU) are getting more complicated.

• A high-level protocol CAN is adopted to interconnect those

CAN nodes with reliable communications among sensors.



Embedded system :

An Embedded System is one that has computer

hardware with software embedded in it as one of its

important components.

Its software embeds in ROM (Read Only Memory).

It does not need secondary memories as in a

computer .

SOFTWARE PROGRAM



What is CAS ?

A collision avoidance system is that which is placedwithin a car to warn its driver of any dangers that may lie

ahead on the road.

• how close the car is to other cars surrounding it

• how much its speed needs to be reduced while

going around the curve

• how close the car is to going off the road

• uses visual and audio warnings to prompt the driver

• initiates braking if the driver fails to respond to the

warnings



Block Diagram :

GP2D1

2

ATMEG

A

32

LCD

MCP 2515 MCP 2551

L293D

DC

MOTOR

ATMEG

A

32

LCD

MCP 2515 MCP 2551

NODE 1

NODE 2



Power Supply :

Transformer Rectifier Filter Regulator

230V

AC

Mains

Regulated

5V

DC



ATMEGA 32 CONTROLLER :

• High-performance, Low-power AVR 8 - bit Microcontroller

• Advanced RISC Architecture

• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments

• JTAG Interface

• Peripheral Features

• Special Microcontroller Features

• I/O and Packages - 40-pin

• Operating Voltages - 4.5-5.5V

• Speed Grades - 0-16 MHz

• Power Consumption - 1.1mA



Pin Diagram :



GP2D12 :

• It is an Analog distance sensor that uses infrared to

detect an object between 10 cm and 80 cm away.

• Consists of PSD and infrared emitting diode and

signal processing circuit.

• High immunity to ambient light and colour of object

• No external control circuitry required



GP2D12 :



CONTROL AREA NETWORK :

• CAN is a multi-master broadcast serial bus standard for

connecting electronic control units (ECUs)

• CAN is one of the best choices for embedded networking

applications.

• Each node is able to send and receive messages, but not

simultaneously.

• A message consists primarily of an ID (identifier), which

represents the priority of the message, and up to eight data

bytes.



• The devices that are connected by a CAN network are

typically sensors, actuators and other control devices.

• These devices are not connected directly to the bus, but

through a host processor and a CAN controller.

• Bit rates up to 1 Mbit/s are possible at network lengthsbelow

40 m.

• Each node requires a Host processor

CAN controller

Transceiver



MCP2515 :

• It is a stand-alone Controller Area Network (CAN) controller that implements

the CAN specification, version 2.0B

• MCP2515 has two acceptance masks and six acceptance filters that are use

filter out unwanted messages, thereby reducing the host MCUs overhead.

• It is capable of transmitting and receiving both standard and extended data a

remote frames.

• Operates from 2.7V – 5.5V

• It interfaces with microcontrollers (MCUs) via an industry standard Serial

Peripheral Interface ( 10MHz)

• The device consists of three main blocks:

CAN Module ---- Control logic --- SPI Protocol block



MCP2551 :• The MCP2551 is a high-speed CAN, fault-tolerant device that serves as

the

interface between a CAN protocol controller and the physical bus.

• It will operate at speeds of up to 1 Mb/s.

• It converts the digital signals generated by a CAN controller to signals

suitable

for transmission over the bus cabling.

• It also provides a buffer between the CAN controller and the high-voltage

spikes that can be generated on the CAN bus by outside sources.



• Protection against damage due to short-circuit conditions (positive or negative battery voltage)

• Protection against high-voltage transients

• Automatic thermal shutdown protection

• Up to 112 nodes can be connected

• High noise immunity due to differential bus Implementation

Features :



Liquid crystal display :

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)have materials which combine

the properties of both liquids

and crystals.

They have a temperature range within which the molecules are

almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but are grouped

together in an ordered form similar to a crystal.

Since the LCD’s consume less power, they are compatible with

low power electronic circuits and can be powered for long

durations.



DC Motor :

• A DC motor is electromechanical device that coverts

electrical

energy into mechanical energy

• Motor gives power to the MCU

• Power to do physical works - to move robot

• It can be controlled easily with microcontrollers

• But the MCUs port are not powerful enough to drive DC

motors directly , we need some kind of drivers.

• Very easy and safe is to use L293D chips



L293D :

L293D is a motor driver integrated circuit (IC).

Motor drivers act as current amplifiers since they take a

low-

current control signal and provide a higher-current signal.

This

higher current signal is used to drive the motors.

This chip is designed to control 2 DC motors

L293D has output current of 600mA

The output supply has a wide range from 4.5V to 36V



Input logic 00 or 11 will

stop the corresponding

motor.

Logic 01 and 10 will

rotate it in clockwise

and anticlockwise

directions.

Enable pins 1 and 9

must be high for

motors to start

operating.



PROGRAMMING IN EMBEDDED C

CODEVISION AVR C COMPILER

KEIL SOFTWARE



Embedded C : Embedded C is a set of language extensions for the C Programming language

by the C Standards committee to address commonality issues that existbetween C extensions for different embedded systems.

Historically, embedded C programming requires nonstandard extensions to the

C language in order to support exotic features such as fixed-point arithmetic,

multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations.

In 2008, the C Standards Committee extended the C language to includes a

number of features not available in normal C, such as, fixed-point arithmetic,

named address spaces, and basic I/O hardware addressing.

Embedded C use most of the syntax and semantics of standard C, e.g., main()

function, variable definition, data type declaration, conditional statements (if,

switch. case), loops (while, for), functions, arrays and strings, structures and

union, bit operations, macros, etc.



Codevision AVR :

• CodeVisionAVR is a complete set of tools designed for rapid and

efficient

software development for the Atmel AVR microcontrollers.

Keil C cross compiler :

• Keil Software provides software development tools for the family of

microcontrollers, they are

• IDE (Integrated Development environment)

• Project Manager

• Simulator

• Debugger

• C Cross Compiler , Cross Assembler, Locator/Linker



Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language

toobject code i.e source code into object code.

A cross compiler is similar to the compilers but we write a

program

for the target processor (like 8051 and its derivatives) on the

host

processors (like computer)

It means being in one environment you are writing a code for

another

environment is called cross development.

•



OPERATION :•

Here we are having two nodes each node Contain

ATMEGA 16 (AVR CONTROLLER), MCP2515 (CAN CONTROLLER),

MCP2551 (CAN TRANSRECEVER).

• In first node we are interfacing GP2D12 to find the object,

second

node contains DC motor.

• Initially motor is rotating with maximum speed. If any object is

found in front of GP2D12 in node1 motor will stop in node2

by

using CAN protocol.

• For this we have to develop two different application

programs



Collision Mitigation by Braking

Crash avoidance

Road Safety

Injury and Accident Prevention

Commercially marketable technical systems

Low cost

Product Excellence due to MinimumRequirements

High Alert system



The technical challenges for current collision avoidance systemslie in achieving high detection rates given an acceptable falsealarm rate, under real-life driving situations.

The problem with curved roads is that sensors might mistake a carrunning in the opposite direction for a hazard on the lane wherethe CAS equipped vehicle is driving.

Cars Equipped with sensors running inthe opposite direction.



Real Time Applications :



• Future car collision-avoidance systems may be smart phone-

based

• You could stick your cell phone on the dashboard, and it would

use

[its onboard sensors] to provide the feedback needed by the

system

FUTURE SCOPE:



This briefly reviewed the automobile collision avoidance problem

in order to achieve safer transportation on highways.

Once achieved, this will not only save lives, but result in a

considerable amount of financial gains as well.

In order to develop the so-called smart highways and smart cars, it

is stated that the most importance difference from the old practice

is the fact that new design approach attempts to completely avoidcollision instead of minimizing the damage by over-designing

cars.

Documents

CAN Based Collision Aviodance System for Automobiles (1) (1)