Cambridge Unive rsit y Pre ss 978-0-521-70886-9 - Cicero: Pro Sexto ...assets.cambridge.org/97805217/08869/frontmatter/9780521708869... · CONTENTS Preface page ix Abbreviations x

C A M B R I D G E G R E E K A N D L AT I N C L A S S I C S

G e n e r a l E d i t o r s

P. E . E a s t e r l i n g

Regius Professor Emeritus of Greek, University of Cambridge

P h i l i p H a r d i e

Senior Research Fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge

R i c h a r d H u n t e r

Regius Professor of Greek, University of Cambridge

E . J. K e n n e y

Kennedy Professor Emeritus of Latin, University of Cambridge

S . P. O a k l e y

Kennedy Professor of Latin, University of Cambridge

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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-70886-9 - Cicero: Pro Sexto RoscioEdited by Andrew R. DyckFrontmatterMore information

http://www.cambridge.org/9780521708869

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C I C E RO

PRO SEXTO ROSCIOed ited by

A N D R E W R . DYC K

Professor Emeritus of Classics, University of California, Los Angeles






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permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2010

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication DataCicero, Marcus Tullius.

[Pro Roscio Amerino. English & Latin]Pro Sexto Roscio / Cicero ; edited by Andrew Dyck.

p. cm. – (Cambridge Greek and Latin classics)Includes bibliographical references and index.

isbn 978-0-521-88224-8 (hardback)1. Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Pro Roscio Amerino. 2. Cicero, Marcus Tullius – Criticism and

interpretation. 3. Roscius Amerinus, Sextus. 4. Speeches, addresses, etc., Latin – Translationsinto English. 5. Trials (Murder) – Rome. I. Dyck, Andrew R. (Andrew Roy), 1947 –

II. Title. III. Series.pa6307.r7 2010

875´.01 – dc22 2009040946

isbn 978-0-521-88224-8 Hardbackisbn 978-0-521-70886-9 Paperback

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this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel

timetables, and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee

the accuracy of such information thereafter.






TO JA N I S











CONTENTS

Preface page ixAbbreviations xMap 1 The Roman world in 80 BC xiiMap 2 Rome in the late Republic xivChronological table xv

Introduction 11 The charge 12 The court 23 The proscriptions 24 The date of the trial 45 The principal characters 56 The advocate’s role 107 Language and style 128 Cicero’s achievement 179 The afterlife of the speech 19

10 The text 20

M. TVLLI CICERONISORATIO PRO SEXTO ROSCIO 23

Commentary 56

Appendix: Prose rhythm 210References 212Indexes 223

1 Latin words 2232 Greek words 2343 General 234

vii











PREFACE

When young Cicero rose to plead the case of Sextus Roscius, the prosecu-tor was visibly relieved that this unknown was his opponent and not oneof the established advocates (§60). Once the trial was concluded, there wasno case to which he was thought unequal (Brut. 312). This career-makingspeech contains an almost fully formed approach to juror persuasion and tothe psychology of criminality. It is also a risky speech in which the young C.excoriates a favorite of the powerful Sulla besides taking rhetorical risks, espe-cially the purple passage about the parricide’s punishment that embarrassedhim in later years (Orat. 107). If, like Desmoulins’ teacher at the CollegeLouis-le-Grand, one is put off by the domineering figure of C. the seniorstatesman,1 this speech shows instead a modest and struggling young oratorof great appeal. It deserves to be widely read.

Conditions for anglophone readers of the speech have not been ideal.G. Landgraf’s detailed German commentary (21914) is a masterpiece ofphilological erudition but is more for scholars than for students and shows itsage; there is also a recent edition with French translation and notes (Hinardand Benferhat 2006).2 Most English students, however, have probably madethe acquaintance of this text in the company of a reprint of E. H. Donkin’s1916 school edition based upon K. Halm’s commented edition (1877) updatedin consultation with A. C. Clark. The study of the text, of Roman institutionsand law and of the historical actors has, however, moved considerably forwardin the intervening ninety-odd years; the whole approach has had to berethought with reference to the needs and questions posed by today’s studentsand other readers.

It is my happy task to thank those persons and institutions who have madethis work possible. I begin with the Editors E. J. Kenney, Philip Hardie andStephen Oakley for their support for this project and meticulous attention toimproving my drafts; I must add Michael Sharp and his staff for their unfailingpatience and helpfulness during the production process. My greatest debt isindicated in the dedication.

1 Highet 1949: 393; Parker 1937: 32.2 Cf. Dyck 2009.

ix






ABBREVIATIONS

CITED EDITIONS

K. Halm8. Berlin, 1877F. Richter and A. Fleckeisen. Leipzig–Berlin, 1906E. H. Donkin2. London, 1916 (largely based on Halm)H. Kasten. Leipzig, 1968F. Hinard and Y. Benferhat. Paris, 2006

STANDARD WORKS

A–G Allen and Greenough’s New Latin grammar, ed. J. B.Greenough et al. Boston 1903.

Berger, A. Encyclopedic dictionary of Roman law. Philadelphia 1953.CAH The Cambridge ancient history,2 14 vols. Cambridge

1984–2005.Ernout and Meillet Ernout, A., and A. Meillet, Dictionnaire etymologique de

la langue latine. Histoire des mots.4 Paris 1959.G–L Gildersleeve, B. L., and G. Lodge, Latin grammar3.

London 1895.H–S Hofmann, J. B., and A. Szantyr, Lateinische Syntax und

Stilistik. Munich 1965.K–S Kuhner, R., and C. Stegmann, Ausfuhrliche Grammatik

der lateinischen Sprache, ii: Satzlehre. 2 vols. Withcorrections to the 4th edn by A. Thierfelder.Darmstadt 1966.

Lausberg, H. Handbook of literary rhetoric: a foundation for literary study.

Tr. M. T. Bliss, A. Jansen, D. E. Orton. Ed. D. E.Orton, R. D. Anderson. Leiden 1998.

LIMC Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae. 18 vols.Zurich 1981–99.

LSJ Liddell, H. G. and R. Scott, A Greek-English lexicon.Rev. H. S. Jones. Oxford 1940.

LTUR Steinby, Eva Margareta, ed., Lexicon topographicum urbis

Romae. 6 vols. Rome 1993–2000.MRR Broughton, T. R. S. Magistrates of the Roman Republic.

3 vols. New York 1951–Atlanta 1986.

x






ABBREVIATIONS xi

NLS Woodcock, E. C. A new Latin syntax. Cambridge,Mass. 1959.

OLD Oxford Latin dictionary, ed. P. G. W. Glare. Oxford 1982.PHI Database of Latin authors to ad 200: cd rom 5.3

produced by Packard Humanities Institute. PaloAlto, Calif. (source of statements about nos. ofattestations and the like).

Richardson, L. J. Jr. A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome. Baltimoreand London 1992.

Roby Roby, H. J. A grammar of the Latin language. 2 vols.London 1871–4.

RS Crawford, M. H., ed. Roman statutes. 2 vols. London1996.

TLL Thesaurus linguae Latinae. Leipzig 1900–.TLRR Alexander, M. C. Trials in the late Roman Republic, 149

BC to 50 BC. Toronto 1990.






xii MAPS

0 75 150 km

0 75 miles

ALLOBROGESLacus Lemannus

SENONES

VadaSabatia

Genua

Pisae

CosaVulci

Forum Aurelium

RomePraeneste

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Numantia

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Sicily

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GAUL

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Map 1 The Roman world in 80 BC






MAPS xiii

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Philippi

Puteoli

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CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

106 Birth of Cicero91–87 Social War88 Dispute over enfranchisement of new citizens; Sulla marches on

Rome; his enemies outlawed; he takes up Eastern commandagainst Mithridates

87 Cinna and Marius attack Rome; bloodbath of their opponents86 Scaevola wounded by Fimbria at Marius’ funeral85 Fimbria, under siege at Thyatira, commits suicide82 Scaevola killed on orders from younger Marius; Sulla returns,

defeats Marians at Sacriportus, regains control of Rome; appointeddictator by lex Valeria; beginning of proscriptions

81 June 1: end of proscriptions; Sextus Roscius senior killed at Rome“some months” later; Roscius junior dispossessed

80 Sulla consul together with Metellus Pius; trial of Roscius junior79 Death of Sulla79–77 Cicero’s study trip to Greece

xv






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Cambridge Unive rsit y Pre ss 978-0-521-70886-9 - Cicero: Pro Sexto ...assets.cambridge.org/97805217/08869/frontmatter/9780521708869... · CONTENTS Preface page ix Abbreviations x