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Cens%s/%rea%(. Recently*2ayor4man%elhaslaido%tplansforaprogram

called;ealthyChicago*which addressesthehealthdisparitiesamong

Chicago

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Callahan6

disparities*heartdiseaseandstro+e*accesstocare*healthymothersandbabies*

comm%nicablediseasecontrolandpre"ention*healthyhomes*"iolence

pre"ention*andp%blic healthinfrastr%ct%re&P%blic;ealth(.'ccordingtothe;ealthyChicago?ebr%ary6-16 5pdatethecityhasmadepositi"estridestowards

theirgoalsintheareasofadolescenthealth* cancerdisparities*comm%nicable

diseasecontrolandpre"ention*healthymothersandbabies* p%blichealth

infrastr%ct%re*andobesitypre"ention&;ealthyChicago(.

TheChicagoneighborhoodIwillbeeploringis5ptown.5ptownisraciallyand

ethnicallydi"erse.Itisabo%tsimilesnorthoftheoopandcontainsmany

entertainment "en%esandsocialser"iceorgani0ations&Seligman(.'ccordingto

theEncyclopediaofChicago*in 6---therewere@9*::1residents&Seligman(.The

CityofChicagoandsyphilis

diagnosesin5ptownwereamongthehighestinChicago&7!1,(.

B. StatementoftheProblemandSubproblemwithintheTopictobeExplored

'dolescenthealthistheproblemwithinthethemethatIameploring.'dolescenceisa

timeofris+.2anyyo%ngpeoplearestartingtoidentifywhotheyareorwhattheywantto

becomeandthisstageofde"elopmentre8%ireseperimentation.)itheperimentationcomes

ris+.neoftheris+sthatadolescentsmayenco%nteraspartofgrowingolderisdri"ingacar

forthefirsttime*whileotherris+sdon

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ris+

beha"iorsordr%g%se.

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Callahan9

Therearemanys%bproblemswithintheproblemofadolescenthealth.Someofthese

s%bproblemsare=se%allytransmitteddiseaseris+beha"ior*teenpregnancy*alcoholandother

dr%g%se*ab%se*anddependence*"iolence*andmentalillness.

Thes%bproblemIwillbeeploringinthisresearchproposalisfemaleadolescentsir%s&;P>(.

Se%allyTransmittedAiseaseRis+=

4ngaginginse%alacti"itywitho%tabarriermethodofbirthcontrol&i.e.maleorfemale

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condoms(orengaginginse%alacti"itywitho%t+nowingtheirpartner

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Callahan#

Theneighborhoodof5ptownincl%destheareasbetween?oster'"en%einthenorth

andRa"enswood'"en%etothewestto2ontrose'"en%e.?rom2ontrose'"en%ethe

bordercontin%esfromClar+Streetso%thtoIr"ingPar+Roadwhichma+es%ptheso%th

border.a+e2ichiganma+es%ptheeasternborder&CityofChicago

Comm%nity 'reas(.

%. Assumptions

?orthep%rposeofthisresearch=

1 Iass%methatfemaleadolescentsta+ese%alris+sandwillcontin%etodoso.

2 Iass%methatse%allytransmitteddiseaseswillcontin%etobeamedical

problem.

3 Iass%methatthebo%ndariesoftheneighborhoodof5ptownwillnotchange.

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Callahan7

!!%RE&!EWO'RELATEDL!TERATURE

A. &a'or(ssuesExploredbyScholarswhoha)eesearchedthisTopicandSubproblem

Somehypothesesabo%twhyadolescentsta+eris+regardingtheirse%alhealthha"e

beenidentifiedthro%ghresearch.Inthisliterat%rere"iewsomeofthemainris+factorsfor

adolescentse%alris+beha"iorareeploredwithanemphasisonfemaleadolescentsinthe

Chicagoarea.Ichosetoproposethisresearchbeca%seIdidnotfindanyresearchthat

specificallytargetedadolescentfemalesintheChicagoareawhowerenotdetainedina

H%"eniledetentioncenter.'dditionally*Ididnotfindanyresearchthatspecificallytargetedthe

5ptownarea.Ithin+thatmyproposedresearchwillhelptofillingapsregardingthese%al

healthoffemaleadolescentsinChicago.Themostresearchedris+factorsare=alcoholand

s%bstance%se*H%"eniledelin8%encyandmentalhealth.therfactorsthatha"ebeeneplored

b%tarelessprominentare=parentalin"ol"ement*friends

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is s%bstance%se.'ccordingtoThe;enryF.Kaiser?amily?o%ndation*S%bstance

%seincreases theprobabilitythatanadolescentwillinitiatese%alacti"ity*and

relatedly*se%ally eperiencedadolescentsaremoreli+elytoinitiates%bstance

%se.Thiss%ggestsa"erystrong relationshipbetweense%albeha"iorand

s%bstance%se.'dditionally*TheKaiser?amily

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Callahan,

?o%ndationreportedthatapproimately69percentofadolescents*ages1:36E*donot%se

protectionwhentheyare%sings%bstances.nest%dyfollowed,*:1,adolescentsins%bstance

ab%setreatmentbetween6--6and6--@.Theresearchersofthest%dy*Chanandcolleag%es*

fo%ndthatfemalesweremoreli+elythanmalestoha"ehadsewhiledr%n+orhigh

andwere moreli+elytoha"ehad%nprotectedse&11#(.'notherst%dyfo%ndthat

theamo%ntofalcohol cons%medwasdirectlyrelatedtoadecreaseincondom%se.

Thest%dy*cond%ctedoncollege agedmen*fo%ndthatalcohol%seincreasedwhen

theparticipantsinthest%dy+newlessabo%t thepersontheywereha"ingsewith!

howe"er*theyweremoreli+elyto%secondomswitha newpartner&a/rieetal.6@E(.

?%rthermore*abo%t,-ofadolescentssaythattheirfriends andpeopleintheir

peergro%p%sedr%gsoralcohold%ringseatleastsomeofthetimeand condoms

arenot%sedasoftenwhendrin+ingor%singdr%gs&The;enryF.Kaiser?amily

?o%ndation(.

ThemaHorityofst%diesreportedonalcohol%seamongadolescents.;endershot

and colleag%eswantedtost%dytherelationshipbetweenmariH%ana%seandris+y

se%albeha"ior. Theirlongit%dinalst%dy*whichinter"iewedparticipantsatsi

monthinter"alsfortwoyears* wascond%ctedwithadolescentswhohadbeen

enlistedfromH%"enileprobationoffices.They fo%ndthatE,.Epercentofthe

participantshad%sedmariH%anabeforesed%ringthesimonth to16monthperiod

andonly9E.9percenthadalways%sedcondoms&E-#(.S%bse8%ently*fo%r point

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ninepercentoftheparticipantshadbeendiagnosedwithanSTAatthe16month

assessment&E-#(.

F%"eniledelin8%encyhasbeenidentifiedasafactorforse%alris+andthereha"ebeen

se"eralst%diesthatha"eta+enplaceinH%"eniledetentioncenters.nest%dy*cond%ctedby

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Callahan1-

Romeroandassociates*hypothesi0edthatgender*race*ethnicity*andagewereafactorwhen

determiningseris+withincarceratedyo%th.Theirlongit%dinalst%dyassessed7--H%"enile

delin8%entso"erathreeyearperiod.Itconcl%dedthattherewerefewdifferencesintheracial

andethniccategory!howe"er*anotherst%dycond%ctedonH%"eniledelin8%entsby2asonand

colleag%esdisco"eredthatyo%thfromlow3incomefamilieshadanearlieronsetof

se%alris+ beha"iors&Romeroetal.119@!2asonetal.19#,(.Theirlongit%dinal

st%dyfo%ndacorrelation betweenalcohol%seinadolescentsandtheli+elihoodof

ris+yse%albeha"iorandalcoholism inyo%ngad%lthood&2asonetal.1971(.

Thereweresomedisparitiesamongwhichgenderwasengaginginris+ybeha"ior.'

st%dythatfolloweddelin8%entyo%thforthreeyearsfo%ndthatmalesaremoreli+elyto

engageinmorehighris+beha"iorsb%t*thebeha"iorsthatweremostli+elyto

increasein

femalesastheygrewolderwere="aginalse*%nprotected"aginalse*oralse*recent

%nprotectedoralse*%nprotectedsewhiledr%n+orhigh*andtradingseand

dr%gs&Romero etal.116,(.

'ccordingtoonest%dy*inwhichresearchersinter"iewed67-se%allyacti"e

female yo%thwhowerebeingdetainedinaH%"eniledetentioncenter*se"enfactors

thatha"eaneffect onhigherle"elsofSTIsincl%de=ris+ta+ingattit%de*s%bstance

%se*percei"edris+ypeernorms* gendernormsfa"oringmaledominance*parental

monitoring*familials%pport*andst%dent teacherconnectedness&>oisinet.al#@(.

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4ighty3ninepercentoftheparticipantsinthest%dy had%sedmorethanonemood

alteringchemicalinthepastyear*while9#percenthad%sed fo%rormoredr%gs

d%ringthesametimespan:(.'ccordingtoanotherst%dyby4l+ingtonet al.*in

whichH%"eniledetaineesages1-317hadbeeninter"iewed*,7.9percentwhohad

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Callahan11

s%bstance%sedisorderswerese%allyacti"eand76.:hadengagedin%nprotectedsewhile

theywerehighordr%n+&;I>BSe%allyTransmittedInfection,-#(.Thesamest%dyconcl%ded

thatthebeha"iorsmostli+elytoincrease;I>BSTIris+wereha"ing"aginalse*engaginginse

whilehighordr%n+*andha"ing%nprotectedsewhilehighordr%n+&,-7(.)hilethese

st%dieswerecond%ctedonadolescentswhowerebeingdetaineditcanbeass%medthatthese

ris+beha"iorswillaffectmostadolescentswhoengageinse%alacti"itywhile%sings%bstances.

1 4l+ington*/a%ermiester*andJimmermanloo+edatasampleo"eraneightyeartime

periodthatst%diedyo%thfrommid3adolescencetoyo%ngad%lthood.Theyfo%ndthatinearly

adolescence*femalesha"efewerpartnersthanmaleswhilemalesha"efewerpartnerso"erthe

periodofadolescence.Similarly*'frican'mericansreportedmorepartnersthanCa%casian

yo%thd%ringearlyadolescence*whileCa%casianyo%thha"emorepartnersacross

adolescence &:61(.Thesesameyo%threportedmorepartnerswhentheirle"elof

psychologicaldistress increased&:61(.Thest%dyalsofo%ndthats%bstance%se

partiallymediatedtherelationship betweenpsychologicaldistressandse%al

interco%rsefre8%ency&:66(.Inotherwords*se%al fre8%encywaspartially

dependentons%bstance%seinadolescentswhohads%fferedfrom psychological

distress.

2 'notherareathathasbeenst%diedregardingse%alris+ismentalhealth.Se"eral

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st%diesha"ebeencond%ctedins%bstanceab%seandmentalhealthtreatmentfacilities.ne

st%dy*cond%ctedbyChanandcolleag%es*with,*:1,adolescentsins%bstanceab%sefacilities

between6--6and6--@fo%ndthatadolescentswithanietydisordersendorsed

thehighest ris+ofha"ingsewhiledr%n+orhigh&161(.Thisst%dyfo%ndthat

adolescentswhohad historiesoftra%maweremoreli+elytoha"eris+ierattit%des

andbeha"iorsingeneral.They

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Callahan16

alsofo%ndthat9,percentofthepatientshadintentionallyc%tthemsel"esandthis

wasahigh predictorofse%alris+alongwithotherself3harmbeha"iors&Chanetal.

999(.Inthesame st%dytheyfo%ndthatfemalesweremoreli+elytobese%ally

acti"e*ha"eab%seorself3harm beha"iors*andactingo%tbeha"iors&991(.

4l+ington*/a%ermeister*andJimmermanalsofo%ndthatmentalhealthwasassociated

withanincreaseins%bstance%se*increaseinn%mberofse%alpartners*anda

decreasein condom%sed%ringadolescence&:1,!:61(.Theyfo%ndthat*

psychologicaldistressis associatedwithse%alris+beca%seyo%thwithgreater

psychologicaldistressaremoreli+elyto %ses%bstances&:1E(.Psychiatric

disordersthatwerest%diedwerefo%rm%t%allyecl%si"e diagnosticgro%psthat

incl%dedmaHormentaldisorder*s%bstance%sedisorder*comorbid maHormental

disorderands%bstance%sedisorder*andneitherdisorder&,-1(.

Aaneen*;enry*andSchoenyfo%ndacorrelationbetweenparent3child

relationshipsand

ris+yse%albeha"ior.Thefactorstheyst%diedwereparent3adolescentrelationship*parental

in"ol"ement*ed%cationalaspirations*allowedindependence*se%al

comm%nication attit%des*disc%ssionsofse%alcost*andparental

disappro"alE(.Theresearchers fo%ndthatthebettertherelationshipthe

parentshadwiththeiradolescentsthemoreli+ely theadolescentswill%secondoms

andha"eselaterinlife@(.Theyalsofo%ndthatthe adolescentswhohadbetter

relationshipswiththeirparentshadalowerrateofSTAs@(. Similarly*>oisonetal.

fo%ndthatadecreaseofparentandfamilys%pportyieldedahigherSTA ratefor

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detainedfemaleadolescentsE(.Intheboo+ Beha)ioral(nter)entionsfor

Pre)entionandControlofSexuallyTransmitted!iseases*a%thorsKatherine4ither

andAonaldrrmentionintheirsectionentitled/eha"ioralInter"entionsfor

Pre"entionandControlofSTAs'mong

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Callahan19

'dolescentsfo%ndthatbetterfamilyrelationshipsareassociatedwithdelayed

coitaldeb%t andgreatercontracepti"e%seamongadolescents&6,-(.

Intheboo+sIre"iewedan%mberofinfl%encesweregi"enforris+yadolescent

se%al

beha"iors*howe"eroriginalresearchwasnotcond%ctedbythesea%thors.Intheboo+

Beha)ioral(nter)entionsforPre)entionandControlofSexuallyTransmitted

!iseasestwosectionswereofpartic%larinteresttomys%bHectarea*/eha"ioral

Inter"entionsforPre"ention andControlofSTAs'mong'dolescentsand

/iologicaland/eha"ioralRis+?actors'ssociated withSTAsB;I>in)omen=

Implicationsfor/eha"ioralInter"ention.4itherandrr*a%thorsof thesection

entitled*/eha"ioralInter"entionsforPre"entionandControlofSTAs'mong

'dolescents*identifiedthefollowingfactorsassociatedwithadolescentse%ally

transmitted diseaseris+=earlyinitiationofse*m%ltiplepartners*%nprotectedse*

andinfl%enceofpartner andmedia.2cCreeandRompalo*a%thorsofthesection

entitled/iologicaland/eha"ioral Ris+?actors'ssociatedwithSTAsB;I>in

)omen=Implicationsfor/eha"ioralInter"ention* disc%ssedfactorsthatinfl%ence

ris+yse%albeha"iorinwomenwhichincl%dealcoholanddr%g %se*po"erty*gender

rolesfa"oringmaledominance*andahistoryofse%alab%se.'dditionally* inthe

boo+Adolescentsandis+*Fohnsonand2alow3Iroffemphasi0edtherolesthat

media* friendsandalcoholandotherdr%g%seplayinris+yadolescentbeha"iors.

>al%ableresearchhasbeencond%ctedregardingthese%alhealthofadolescents!

howe"er*noneoftheresearchhasfoc%sedonfemaleadolescentsinthe5ptownneighborhood

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ofChicago.2yproposedresearchwillfillinthegapsfrompriorresearch.B. &ethodologies,tili-edbyScholarstoesearchtheTopicandProblem

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Callahan1E

Therewerese"eralmethodologies%sedbythea%thorswhosewor+Ire"iewedtoreport

onadolescentse%alris+beha"ior.Themostpop%larmethodforresearchwasface3to3face

str%ct%redinter"iews*followedbya%dio3comp%terassistedself3inter"iewing*andpaperand

pencil8%estionnaires.thermethodsthatwere%sedwereself3administered8%estionnaires*

moti"ationalinter"iewing*self3reporting*andself3report%singthelobal'ppraisalof

Indi"id%alNeeds&'IN(assessment.'INisastandardi0edbiopsychosocialassessment

de"elopedfor%seinclinicalandresearchsettingswithyo%thandad%ltspresentingto

s%bstanceab%seandotherbeha"ioralhealthtreatmentandassesseseightareas=

bac+gro%nd*s%bstance%se*physicalhealth*ris+beha"iors*mentalhealth*

en"ironment*legal* and"ocational&Chanetal.11:(.

ThemaHorityoftheresearchIloo+edatcontained8%antitati"eresearch!howe"er*

two st%diescontained8%alitati"eresearch.neofthest%diesthat%sed8%alitati"e

researchwas cond%ctedwith67-se%allyacti"eyo%thintheH%"enileH%stice

system%singacross3sectional approach.TheywereassessedforSTAris+

beha"ior%singcomp%terassistedself3inter"iewing proced%re&>oisonetal.#1(.

Theresearcherhypothesi0edthat1-factorswo%ldindicate higherSTAris+!

howe"er*onlyse"enofthe1-factorspro"edtobeindicators./eca%sethe

researchersofthisst%dy+newwhat"ariableswo%ldberele"ant*thisresearch

st%dycanbe designatedasdescripti"eresearch.Thisst%dycontainedcross3

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sectionalanalysiswhichwillbe importantformyst%dy!howe"er*it%seda

8%alitati"eapproach.Iwillnotbereplicatingthis st%dybeca%seIwantto+nowthe

amo%ntofwomenwho%ses%bstancespriortoengagingin se%alacti"ity.

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Callahan1:

1 Theotherst%dythatcontained8%alitati"eresearch*cond%ctedby4l+ington*

/a%ermiester*andJimmerman*wasast%dythatloo+edatadolescentsd%ringaneightyear

longit%dinalst%dy.They%sedtwomethodsforcollectingdata=str%ct%red*close

endedface3to face3inter"iewsandself3administered8%estionnaires&:1#(.This

researchfollowedyo%thfrom mid3adolescencetoyo%ngad%lthood&:1@(.This

st%dycanbedescribedaseplanatory researchbeca%setheyhadtwohypotheses

andtheyweretryingto%nderstandthereason s%bstance%seocc%rredwith

adolescentswhohadpsychologicaldistressand;I>BSTAse%al ris+beha"ior

&:1:(.Themethodof%sing8%estionnaireswiththisst%dyisimportantandIwill be

replicatingitinmyst%dy*b%tIwillnotbe%singface3to3faceinter"iews.?ace3to3face

inter"iewingcanbeintr%si"eanditwillnotyieldhonestanswersfromtheyo%ng

women.I thin+%sing8%estionnaireswillincreasethereliabilityofthefemalesBSe%allyTransmittedInfection,-1(.The

dataand"ariablesthatwere pre"alentinbothst%diesweregender*raceBethnicity*

andage*alongwithincarcerationstat%s. 'gain*Idon

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yo%ngad%ltscanyieldtr%thf%ldatasoIwillnotbe inter"iewingtheyo%ngwomenin

myproposedst%dy.'lso*alongit%dinalst%dywo%ldnotbe appropriateformyst%dy

beca%seIonlywantasnap3shotofwhatishappeningin5ptown.

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Callahan1@

ThemaHorityofscholarlyarticlesIre"iewedcontainedlongit%dinalst%dieswhich

canbe %sef%ltodetermineandpredictse%alris+beha"ior.Thelongit%dinalst%dies

hadinitialcontact withtheparticipantsandthendifferenttimeperiodswhenthey

contactedthemagain.'st%dy cond%ctedby;endershotandassociates

inter"iewedparticipantsatsi*twel"e*eighteen*and twenty3fo%rmonthsafterthe

initialinter"iew&E-@(.'tthe16monthpointtheydidacross3 sectionalanalysison

someofthebeha"iorsthatwerereported&E-7(.Thedatatheycollected wasonse

relatedmariH%anaepectancies*mariH%ana3relatedproblems*mariH%ana

dependence*andbeha"ioralintentions&E-@3E-#(.Thiscanbetermedas

descripti"eresearch beca%setheresearchers+newthe"ariablesbeforethey

begantheresearch.Aescripti"e researchisthemethodthatIwillbereplicating

beca%seIwanttoacc%ratelydescribewhatis happeningin5ptown.;owe"er*Iwill

notbe%singalongit%dinalapproachbeca%seIamnot loo+ingforthattypeofdata.

;endershotandcolleag%escond%ctedalongit%dinalst%dywhich%seda%diocomp%ter

assistedself3inter"iewsforthatst%dy.Thismaybeanecellentwayofcollectingdataon

adolescentsbeca%seadolescentschange8%ic+lyandinter"iewingthematsimonthinter"als

wo%ldpro"ideimportantdata./%t*reportsamongadolescentsmaynotbeasacc%ratewhen

reportingse%alands%bstance%sebeha"iorbeca%setheymaynotfeelthatthey

willretain theiranonymity&Fohnsonand2aslow3IroffE7(.;owe"er*accordingto

To%rangea%andSmith* whental+ingabo%treportedgenderdiscrepanciesamong

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girlsandboys*whense%al beha"iors*s%chasthoserelatedton%mberofse%al

partners*wereassessed%singana%dio comp%ter3assistedself3report*amore

anonymo%smethodofobtainingself3reportsthanpaper

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Callahan1#

andpencilself3inter"iewsorface3to3faceinter"iews*genderdiscrepancywas

sharplyred%ced &8td.inFohnsonand2alow3IroffE,(.

Cross3sectionalanalysiswillbeimportantformyst%dybeca%se*forthis

proHect*Ionly

wantasnapshotofwhattheproblemissothats%bse8%entst%diescanb%ild%ponit.ne

articlethatcontainedcross3sectionaldatacollection%seda%diocomp%terassistedself3

inter"iewingandanother%sedapaperandpencil8%estionnaire.escanoand

colleag%es cond%ctedthest%dythat%sedpaperandpencil8%estionnaires&96:(.

Theywereact%allytrying totesttheefficiencyofashorteradolescentris+

in"entorythanhadbeenpre"io%sly%sed &96:(.'n'dolescentRis+In"entoryisa

testthatisdesignedtoassessadolescentris+ beha"iorsandattit%desina

psychiatricsetting&96:(.'ltho%ghtheshorter'dolescentRis+ In"entorywasbeing

testedagainstlongerformsofthetest*itmaybe%sef%lifitwere transferredtoa

comp%terprogramtoallowcomp%terassistedself3inter"iewingbeca%seitwill

pro"idemorepri"acyforadolescents.Itmaybemoreacc%ratealso.'ltho%ghthese

researchers weretestingtheefficiencyofashorterformofatest*itpro"idedmany

"al%able"ariablesand dataabo%tse%allytransmitteddiseaseris+.

Nodatahasbeencollectedon5ptownregardingfemaleadolescentse%allyhealth

%singthemethodologyIpropose.Therefore*Ithin+thatmyst%dywillhelptofillinthegaps

thataremissingfromthistypeofresearch.

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Callahan17

!!!%PROPOSEDRESEAR(HMETHODOLO")

A. !ataorE)idencetobeCollected

ThedataIwillbecollectingwillbefromadolescentfemalesintheChicagoneighborhoodof

5ptown.TheresearchproHectwillbefromapositi"istapproach.Iwillbecond%cting

descripti"eresearchtodisco"erthewhoandhowofse%allytransmitteddiseaseris+in

femaleadolescents.Inotherwords*Iwillberesearchingwhoisgettingse%allytransmitted

diseasesandhowtheyaregettingit!thedatawilldescribethecharacteristicsofthefemale

adolescentpop%lationin5ptownregardingse%alris+.ThedataIcollectfromadolescent

femalesin5ptownwillhelpmedetermineifs%bstance%sewasaprec%rsortosethatco%ld

ca%sese%allytransmitteddiseases.

1. AescriptionoftheAata

TherearetwoplacesfromwhichIwillcollectdata.?irst*Iwillcollectinformationabo%t

schoolsinthe5ptownneighborhood.Iwillthendeterminewhichgradele"elsha"efemale

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st%dentsintheagerangeof19317./eca%sethesamplewillberestrictedtofemaleadolescents

ages19317*thisst%dywillcontainanominalscaleofmeas%rement.Iintendtoha"eastratified

randomsamplefromeachschoolandgradele"elinthe5ptownarea.)iththestratified

randomsampleIhopetoens%reeternal"aliditybeca%sethesamplewillbefromdifferent

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Callahan1,

gradele"elsanddifferentschools.IndoingthismethodIthin+thatthedatacanbegenerali0ed

tothesamegradele"elsindifferentareasofChicagoortheco%ntry.

'lso*Iwillcollectinformationabo%tse%alhealthclinicsin5ptown.Iwilldetermine

wholi"esin5ptownandwhois"isitingtheclinicsfromaneighboringarea.?romthereIwill

%sep%rposi"esamplingtodeterminese%allytransmitteddiseaseris+inadolescentfemales

who%ses%bstancesbeforeinterco%rse.)ithstratifiedrandomsamplesandp%rposi"erandom

samplesIwillbe%singbothprobabilityandnon3probabilitysampling.'lso*Icanhelptoens%re

internal"aliditybytestingthetwodifferentgro%ps.Icancomparetheres%ltsfromtheschool

dataandthese%alhealthclinicdatatoseeifthereareanyerrorsinthedesignoftheproHect

andtoseeifIamreallymeas%ringse%alris+beha"iorsrelatedtos%bstance%se.

ThespecificdataIwillcollectabo%tse%allytransmitteddiseasewillbeself3reported

se%altransmitteddiseasethatthewomenha"econtracted.Thiscanthenbecross3referenced

witheistingdataa"ailablefromtheChicagoAepartmentofP%blic;ealth.Specificdataabo%t

ris+yse%albeha"iorwillreportonhowmanytimesthefemalehasengagedinse%al

acti"ity

witho%tabarriermethodofbirthcontrol&i.e.maleorfemalecondoms(orengagedinse%al

acti"itywitho%t+nowingtheirpartner

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datawillbecollectedonthefemaleswhoha"econs%medanyamo%ntalcoholorotherdr%gs

priortoengaginginse%alacti"ity.S%bse8%ent8%estionswillas+abo%twhichs%bstancewas

cons%medandhowm%chwasta+en.?orthisst%dy*theamo%ntofalcoholthatwillconstit%ted

s%bstance%seisoneormoredrin+s.'ccordingtotheNationalInstit%teofAr%g'b%se*one

ser"ingofalcoholise8%alto-.@o%ncesofp%reethanol*or16o%ncesofbeer!eighto%ncesof

maltli8%or!fi"eo%ncesofwine!or1.:o%nces&ashot(of7-3proofdistilledspiritsorli8%or

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&e.g.*gin*r%m*"od+a*orwhis+ey(.'dditionally*anyamo%ntofdr%g%se&otherthanalcohol(

willconstit%tes%bstance%se.

6. )heretheAataareocated

Iwillbe%sing8%estionnairesformyresearch.S%bse8%ently*thedatawillbelocatedin

theanswerstheadolescentfemalesgi"etothe8%estionsas+ed.

B. TechniueforCollectionof!ata

Iwill%sea8%antitati"emethodforcollectdata.Itwillalsobeacross3sectionalapproach

beca%se*forthisst%dy*Ionlywanttogetasnapshotofwhatishappening.Iwillbes%r"eying

females%sing8%estionnairestocollectthedata.Iam%singthismethodinsteadofinter"iewing

beca%sese%albeha"iorands%bstance%seamongadolescentsisacontro"ersialtopic.Iam

hopingthattheparticipantswillbemorehonestwiths%r"eysthanwithothermoreblatant

meas%res.

The8%estionnairethatIplantode"elopwillcontaindemographicinformation*weight*

height*se%alacti"ity*s%bstance%se*s%bstance%sebeforese%alacti"ity*andbirthcontrol

methods.The8%estionswillbewell3plannedsothatIcandetermineifs%bstance%seprecedes

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ris+yse%albeha"ior.Iwillr%napilottestofthe8%estionnaireinordertodetermineifthe

8%estionsIamas+ingareade8%atetocollectthedatathatIwant.

Iwilldistrib%tethe8%estionnairestost%dentsateachschoolthro%ghteachersineach

oftheclasses.'lso*Iwillenlistthehelpofcliniciansatse%alhealthclinicsinorderforthemto

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passo%tthe8%estionnaires.Iwo%ldli+ethe8%estionnairetobeincl%dedinanyinta+epapers

thattheparticipantsarefillingo%tforthese%alhealthclinic.'letterwillbeincl%dedwiththe

s%r"eytoass%retheparticipant

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se%alacti"itywhile%ndertheinfl%enceofalcoholorotherdr%gs.Iwillseeifthereareany

patternspresentamongthedifferent"ariables.

6. ;owtheAatawillbePresented

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Thedatawillbepresentedinchartsandgraphsprod%cedby4cel.Thefollowing

doc%mentswillbepresented=

1 'mapof5ptownwithindicationsofwherethedatawascollected.

2 Chartsshowingfre8%encyofse%alacti"ity*s%bstance%se*andbirthcontrol

methodsaccordingtodemographicinformation.

3 'chartshowings%bstance%seamongfemaleadolescentspriortose%alacti"ity.

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!&%OUTL!EO''!ALREPORT

Thefinalreportwillbepresentedasfollows=

PageN%mber

TitlePage i'c+nowledgements iiTableofContents iiiistofTables i"

istof?ig%res "

Chapters

I. TheProblemandItsSetting

II. Re"iewofRelatediterat%re

III. Research2ethodology

I>. TheRes%lts

'ppendies

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&%ExpectedOutcomes

1 Ibelie"ethattheres%ltsofthisst%dywillbenefit5ptownandthecityofChicago./y

gainingabetter%nderstandingoftheproblemsregardingfemaleadolescent

se%ally

transmitteddiseaseris+*morehelpwillbea"ailabletoyo%ngwomen.Ithin+thatdoctors*

clinicians*andthego"ernmentwillbebetterabletohelpfemaleadolescentsma+ebetter

decisionsabo%ttheirhealth.

2

Aoctorsandn%rseswillbebetterabletotreatfemaleadolescentsbeca%setheywill

ha"eabetter%nderstandingoffemaleadolescent

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3 Thego"ernmentcanalsohelpplaninter"entionsforprotectingfemaleadolescentsand

helpingthemad"ocateforthemsel"es.Theycanoffermorese%aled%cationclassesgeared

towardstheneedsthataresetforthinresearch.?oreample*ifacertainrace*

ethnicity*age*

orgradele"elpro"estobemoreatris+thense%aled%cationclassescanbetailoredtoeach

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indi"id%alneed.Ifthego"ernmentsetsforththeseinter"entionsthenteachersandparentscan

helpwiththeprocessofed%catingyo%ngwomen.Theed%cationthatispro"idedcanhelp

yo%ngwomentota+ebettercareoftheirse%alhealthandad"ocateforthemsel"esregarding

se%allytransmitteddiseasepre"entionands%bstance%se.

)or+sCited

'dolescence.&edlinePlus.2erriam3)ebster*6-16.)eb.1:

?eb.6-16. http=BBwww.merriam3

webster.comBmedlinepl%sBadolescence.

Chan*Da3?en*ora.Passetti*/ryanR.arner*Fac8%elineF.loyd*and2ichael.Aennis.;I>

Ris+/eha"iors=Ris+ySe%al'cti"itiesandNeedle5se'mong'dolescentsinS%bstance

'b%seTreatmentA(!SBeha)ior1:&6-11(=11E316E.Prouest/ursingand

Allied"ealth

Source.)eb.91Fan.6-16.

Chicago.AepartmentofP%blic;ealth.Ai"isionofSTAB;I>B'IAS.SpecialS%r"eillance

Report= STIB;I>S%r"eillanceReportCityofChicago01367.No".6-11.)eb.7

?eb.6-16.

http=BBwww.cityofchicago.orgBcontentBdamBcityBdeptsBcdphBstatisticsLandL

reportsB6- 11;I>STIS%r"eillanceReport16-611.pdf.

Chicago.AepartmentofP%blic;ealth.Ai"isionofSTAB;I>B'IAS.SpecialS%r"eillance

Report= SyphilisinChicagoandtheP%blic;ealthResponseCityofChicago013

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16.Aec.6-11. )eb.7?eb.6-16.

http=BBwww.cityofchicago.orgBcontentBdamBcityBdeptsBcdphBstatisticsLandLr

eportsB;C S%r"RepSyphilisAec6-11.pdf.

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Callahan6@

Children

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,-13,11.AcademicSearchComplete.)eb.17Fan.6-16.

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4l+ington*KatherineS.*Fose'./a%ermeister*and2arc'.Jimmerman.

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Do%th.2ournalof4outhandAdolescents9,&6-1-(=:1E3:6#.SocialScience

Abstract5".#.#ilson6.)eb.91Fan.6-16.

4thier*Karethine'.*andAonaldP.rr./eha"ioralInter"entionsforPre"entionandControlof

STAs'mong'dolescentsBeha)ioral(nter)entionsforPre)entionandControlof

SexuallyTransmitted!iseases.4d.Se"gi.'ral*Foseph2.Ao%glas*andF%dith'.

ipsh%t0.'tlanta=Springer*6--#.6##39-,.Print.

The%ttmacherInstit%te.$actsonContracepti)e,seinthe,nitedStates.)ashington=AC*

6-16.)eb.6?eb.6-16.http=BBwww.g%ttmacher.orgBp%bsBfbLcontrL%se.pdf.

The%ttmacherInstit%te.$actsonSexuallyTransmitted(nfectionsinthe,nitedStates.

)ashington*AC*6--,.)eb.6.?eb.6-16.

http=BBwww.g%ttmacher.orgBp%bsB6--,B-@B-,B?I/LSTI

L5S.pdf.

;endershot*ChristianS.*Renee4.2agnan*and'ngelaA./ryan.'ssociationof2ariH%ana5se

andSe3Related2ariH%ana4pectancies)ith;I>BSTARis+/eha"iorin

;igh3Ris+ 'dolescents.PsychologyofAddicti)eBeha)iors.6E.9&6-1-(=

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The;enryF.Kaiser?amily?o%ndation.Substance,seandis+ySexualBeha)ior0

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C'*6--6.)eb.6?eb.6-16.http=BBwww.+ff.orgByo%thhi"stdsB%ploadBK??3

C'S'S%r"eySnapshot.pdf.

Fohnson*Patric+/.*and2ichelineS.2alow3Iroff.Adolescentis+0&a+ingSenseofAdolescent

Psychology.)estport=Praeger*6--7.Print.

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a/rie*Foseph*2itch4arleywine*FasonSchiffman*4ricPederson*andCharles2arriot.4ffects

of'lcohol*4pectancies*andPartnerTypeonCondom5seinCollege

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6@@.AcademicSearchComplete.)eb.91Fan.6-16.

2ason*'le).*F%lia;itch*Ric+Kosterman*Carolyn'.2cCarty*ToddI.;erren+ohl*andF.

Aa"id;aw+ins.rowthin'dolescentAelin8%encyand'lcohol5seAisordersIn

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2ournalofChildPsychologyandPsychiatry.:1=16&6-1-(=19##3197:.

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4d.Se"gi.'ral*Foseph2.Ao%glas*andF%dith'.ipsh%t0.'tlanta=Springer*6--#.

91-396E.Print. NationalInstit%teonAr%g'b%se.Alcohol.

NIA'*n.d.)eb.1-2arch.6-16.

http=BBwww.dr%gab%se.go"Bdr%gs3ab%seBalcohol. N%gent*)alter.

Aemography=Chicagoasa2odern)orldCity.EncyclopediaofChicago.

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Chicago;istoricalSociety*6--:.)eb.1,?eb.6-16.

http=BBwww.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.orgBpagesB,@6.html.

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Persistenceof;I>BSe%allyTransmittedInfectionRis+/eha"iorinAelin8%entDo%th=

Implicationsfor;ealthCareintheComm%nity.Pediatrics.11,.:&6--#(=116@311E1.

AcademicSearchComplete.)eb.17Fan.6-16.

Seligman*'my.5ptown.EncyclopediaofChicago.Chicago;istoricalSociety*6--7.)eb.1@

?eb.6-16.

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Se%allyTransmittedAisease.&ed/et.2ednet.com*6-16.)eb.1:

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5nitedStates.Aept.of;ealthand;%manSer"ices.CenterforAiseaseControland

Pre"ention. TrendsinthePre"alenceofSe%al/eha"iors.Centerfor

!iseaseControlandPre)ention.Aept.of;ealthand;%manSer"ices*6--,.

)eb.:2arch6-16.

http=BBwww.cdc.go"Bhealthyyo%thByrbsBpdfB%sLse%alLtrendLyrbs.pdf.

5ptownNeighborhood.ExploreChicago.TheCityofChicago*6-16.)eb.1:?eb.6-16.

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.

>oison*AeterR.*RalphF.AiClemente*a%ra?.Sala0ar*Richard'.Crosby*and)illiam.

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