California Missions

By

Ms. Cardenas

Map of the 21 California Missions

Introduction to the Missions“Much of California’s history began with the SpanishMissions. The chain of twenty-one missions along California’s El Camino Real (“The Royal Highway”)

represents the first arrival of Non-Native Americans to California. The life of the California Native

Americans was forever changed. In addition to Christianity, the missions brought many other things to California such as livestock, fruits, flowers, grains, and industry. This was the start of the civilization we

live in today. However as a result of the arrival of the Spanish , many Native Americans lives were lost. You are about to preview a very brief history of each

California Mission, which tells about the History of California.”

Mission San Diego de Alcala First Mission Founded on July 16, 1769

by Father Junipero Serra Named for Saint Didacus de

Alcalá Oldest mission 1st mission in the “chain “

of missions that stretches 650 mi along the King’s Highway

Presences of padres changed Natives new way of life (Christianity was brought)

Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo

Second Mission Founded on June 3, 17770

by Father Junipero Serra Named after Saint Charles

Borromeo Believed to be the most

beautiful mission of all Used as headquarters for

the California Missions Moved to Carmelo away

from where the Native Americans recided

Mission San Antonio de Padua

Third Mission Founded on July 14, 1771

by Father Junipero Serra Named for Saint Anthony Native Americans accepted

padres gifts of beads and cloth in return for their seeds and acorns harvested.

In 1773 it was moved to Los Robles Valley (better water supply)

Abandoned from 1882-1928

Mission San Gabriel Arcangel

Fourth Mission Founded on September 8,

1771 by Father Pedro Cambon and Father Angel Somera

Named for Archangel Gabriel

Most prosperous mission, but most difficult to handle

Crowded with military (behavior problem)

In 1775 was moved to “The Queen of the Mission” (Wheat & large crops of corn and beans)

Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa

Fifth Mission Founded on September 1,

1772 by Father Junipero Serra

Named for Saint Luis, Bishop of Toulouse

Marks halfway point of the 21 California Missions

Located near a Valley of Bears (used to feed people from other missions)

Mission San Francisco de Asis Sixth Mission Founded on June 26, 1776 by

Father Francisco Palou Named for Saint Francis of

Assisi Also known as Mission

Dolores Damp weather kept Native

Americans away Over 5,000 Americans died of

the measles In 1817 a hospital mission

was opened in San Rafael where they could recuperate

Mission San Juan Capistrano Seventh Mission Founded on November 1,

1776 by Father Junipero Serra

Named for Saint John of Capistrano, Italy

Called the “Jewel of the Missions” because it was the best known mission

Famous for its beautiful gardens

Oldest chapel in California

Mission Santa Clara de Asis Eighth Mission Founded on January 12, 1777

by Father Junipero Serra Name for Santa Claire de

Assisi 1st mission named after a girl

who was founder of the Poor Clare’s order on Nuns

Moved three times because of flood of Guadalupe River

1818 moved because of severe earthquake

Mission San Buenaventura Ninth Mission Founded on March 31, 1782

by Father Junipero Serra Named for Saint Bonaventure Should have been 3rd

mission, but was postponed for twelve years

Prosperity of this mission came from irrigation provided by the 7 mile long aqueduct that brought water from Ventura River

Mission Santa Barbara Tenth Mission Founded on December 4,

1786 by Father Fermine Lausen

Named for Saint Barbara 1st mission founded by

Father Fermine Francisco de Lasuen

There were over 200 rows of houses for the missions Natives built next to the mission

La Purisima Conception Eleventh Mission Founded on December 8,

1787 by Father Fermine Lausen

Named for “The Immaculate Concepcion of Mary the Most Pure”

Prosperity from tireless work of Father Marino Payeras. He served for 19 years

In December 21, 1812 a severe earthquake destroyed the mission

Mission Santa Cruz Twelfth Mission Founded on August 28,

1791 by Father Fermine Lausen

Named for the Sacred Cross Built on gentle slopes that

are surrounded by redwood trees

Settlers that arrived from Guadalajara, Mexico were criminals, and raided the mission’s crops and antagonized the Native Americans.

Mission Nuestra Senora de la Soledad

Thirteenth Mission Founded on October 9,

1791 by Father Fermine Lausen

Named for Our Lady of Solitude

Salinas river allowed for irrigation to grow crops, and live stock herding

Climate drew native Americans away

Took six years before the church was built

Mission San Jose Fourteenth Mission Founded on July 11, 1797

by Father Fermine Lausen Named for Saint Joseph First of five missions built in

a 13 month period (located at a days travel walking El Camino Real)

Known as location for Runaway Christianized Native Americans and hostile tribes

Served as base for military operations for the Natives who resented the missionaries

Mission San Juan Bautista

Fifteenth Mission Founded on June 24, 1797

by Father Fermine Lausen Named for John the Baptist Founded fourteen days

after the thirteenth mission

Sits on top of San Andreas Fault

Earthquake destroyed it on October 1798, a larger one was built after

Mission San Miguel Arcangel

Sixteenth Mission Founded on July 25, 1797

by Father Fermine Lausen Named for Saint Michael

the Archangel Filled up quickly with

Native Americans in the area

Fifteen Native children were baptized the day the mission was founded

Interior was adorned by artist from Spain

Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana

Seventh teen Mission Founded on September 8, 1797

by Father Fermine Lausen Produced hides, tallow, soap,

cloth, and livestock Became so famous that it was

known as “long building” of El Camino Real

Arrival of new settlers decreased the population of Native Americans

In 1923 it became a church again Long convent that became a

hospital during the Spanish times when the missions were at a walking distance

Mission San Luis Rey de Francia

Eighteenth Mission Founded on June 13, 1798

by Father Fermine Lausen Named for Louis IX King of

France (1215-1270) Nicked named “King of the

Missions” Largest and most populous

of all missions Building covers six acres

and the Native American population reached 2,700 at its peak

Mission Santa Ines Nineteenth Mission Founded on September 17,

1804 by Father Estevan Tapis Named for Saint Anges Last mission founded in

Southern California, which completed the chain

Miles of flourished land that helped it flourish

1812 great earthquake destroyed half of the mission

Water brought from mountains several miles away

Mission San Rafael Arcangel Twentieth Mission Founded on December 14,

1817 by Father Vicente de Sarria

Named for Saint Raphael the Archangel, patron of good health

Was originally dedicated as the sub-mission Mission Dolores

Served as a convalescent hospital for Christianized Native Americans

Mission San Francisco de

Solano Twenty-first Mission Founded on July 4, 1823

by Father Jose Altimira Named for Saint Francis

Solano, missionary to the Penivian Indians

Last Northernmost California Mission

Founded after Mexico’s Independence from Spain

Only mission founded without prior approval from the church

Flourished vineyards Father Altimira became

cruel (resulted in revolt)

Now I challenge YouTo do your own POWER POINT

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