Calgary Economic Development · 2019-09-23 · Calgary Economic Development provides this information in good faith. However, the aforementioned organization makes no representation,

Calgary Economic Development

International Labour Supply Study

Final Report

September 11, 2008

Disclaimer:

Calgary Economic Development provides this information in good faith. However, the aforementioned organization makes no representation, warranty or condition, statutory express or implied, takes no responsibility for any errors and omissions which may be contained herein and accepts no liability for any loss arising from any use or reliance on this report. Funding provided by:


731 1st Street SE Calgary Alberta Canada T2G 2G9 Telephone 403 221 7831 Fax 403 221 7828 Toll Free 1 888 222 5855

www.calgaryeconomicdevelopment.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents ................................................................................................. iii List of Figures ....................................................................................................... v List of Tables ......................................................................................................... i Overview 1. Study objective and scope ............................................................................ 2 2. Methodology ................................................................................................. 8 Indices 3. Immigration indices ..................................................................................... 14

3.1 Measures informing indexes ............................................................... 14 3.2 Immigration Supply/Demand Index ..................................................... 16 3.3 Qualities of Immigrating Population Index ........................................... 21 3.4 Analysis of labour supply .................................................................... 23

Occupations 4. Physical science professionals & technicians ............................................. 26 5. Civil, mechanical, electrical & chemical engineers and technical occupations

.................................................................................................................... 28 6. Other engineers and technical occupations in electronics and electrical

engineering ................................................................................................. 31 7. Architects, urban planners and land surveyors and technical occupations in

architecture, drafting, surveying and mapping ............................................ 34 8. Computer and information systems professionals & technical occupations 36 9. Physicians, dentists and veterinarians ........................................................ 39 10. Optometrists, chiropractors and other health diagnosing and treating

professionals ............................................................................................... 41 11. Pharmacists, dieticians and nutritionists ..................................................... 43 12. Therapy and assessment professionals ..................................................... 45 13. Nurse supervisors and registered nurses ................................................... 47 14. Medical technologists and technicians (except dental health) .................... 49 15. Technical occupations in dental health care ............................................... 51 16. Other technical occupations in health care (except dental) ........................ 53 17. Assisting occupations in support of health services .................................... 55 18. Secondary and elementary school teachers and educational counselors .. 57 19. Machine operators and related workers in metal and mineral products

processing .................................................................................................. 59 20. Auditors, accountants and investment professionals .................................. 61 21. Finance and insurance clerks ..................................................................... 63 22. Plumbers, pipefitters and gas fitters ............................................................ 65 23. Carpenters and cabinetmakers ................................................................... 67




24. Masonry and plastering trades .................................................................... 69 25. Other construction trades ........................................................................... 71 26. Electrical trades and telecommunications occupations ............................... 73 27. Machinists and related occupations ............................................................ 75 28. Metal forming, shaping and erecting trades ................................................ 77 29. Machinery and transportation equipment mechanics .................................. 79 30. Automotive service technicians ................................................................... 81 31. Other mechanics ......................................................................................... 83 32. Upholsterers, tailors, shoe repairers, jewelers and related occupations ..... 85 33. Printing press operators, commercial divers and other trades and related

occupations, n.e.c. ...................................................................................... 87 34. Recruiting of unskilled workers ................................................................... 89 Conclusions 35. Conclusions ................................................................................................ 90




LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.2.1 High Scoring Countries in the Demand/Supply Index ............................................... 17 Figure 3.2.2 High Scoring and Mid-Scoring Countries in the Demand/Supply Index ................... 18 Figure 3.2.3 Labout Demand and Supply Index (All Countries) .................................................... 19 Figure 3.3.1 Labour Qualities Index .............................................................................................. 22 Figure 4.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Physical Science Professionals and

Technicians .......................................................................................................................... 26 Figure 5.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, & Chemical

Engineers and Technical Occupations ................................................................................ 28 Figure 6.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Other Engineers and Technical

Occupations in Electronics and Electrical Engineers .......................................................... 31 Figure 7.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Architects, Urban Planners and Land

Surveyors and Technical Occupations in Architecture, Drafting and Mapping ................... 34 Figure 8.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Computer and Information Systems

Professionals & Technical Occupations .............................................................................. 36 Figure 9.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Physicians, Dentists and

Veterinarians ........................................................................................................................ 39 Figure 10.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Optometrists, Chiropractors and

Other Health Diagnosing and Treating Professionals ......................................................... 41 Figure 11.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Pharmacists, Dieticians and

Nutritionists .......................................................................................................................... 43 Figure 12.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Therapy and Assessment

Professionals ....................................................................................................................... 45 Figure 13.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Nurse Supervisors and Registered

Nurses.................................................................................................................................. 47 Figure 14.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Medical Technologists and

Technicians (except dental health) ...................................................................................... 49 Figure 15.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Technical Occupations in Dental

Health Care .......................................................................................................................... 51 Figure 16.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Other Technical Occupations in

Health Care (except dental) ................................................................................................. 53 Figure 17.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Assisting Occupations in Support of

Health Services .................................................................................................................... 55 Figure 18.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Secondary and Elementary School

Teachers and Educational Counsellors ............................................................................... 57 Figure 19.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Machine Operators and Related

Workers in Metal and Mineral Products Processing ............................................................ 59 Figure 20.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Auditors, Accountants and

Investment Professionals..................................................................................................... 61 Figure 21.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Finance and Insurance Clerks ..... 63 Figure 22.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Plumbers, Pipefitters and Gas

Fitters ................................................................................................................................... 65 Figure 23.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Carpenters and Cabinetmakers............ 67 Figure 24.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Masonry and Plastering Trades ............ 69 Figure 25.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Other Construction Trades .......... 71 Figure 26.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Electrical Trades and

Telecommunications Occupations ....................................................................................... 73 Figure 27.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Machinists and Related

Occupations ......................................................................................................................... 75 Figure 28.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Metal Forming, Shaping and Erecting

Trades .................................................................................................................................. 77




Figure 29.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Machinery and Transportation Equipment Mechanics ......................................................................................................... 79

Figure 30.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Automotive Service Technicians . 81 Figure 31.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Other Mechanics ......................... 83 Figure 32.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Upholsterers, Tailors, Shoe

Repairers, Jewellers and Related Occupations................................................................... 85 Figure 33.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Printing Press Operators, Commercial

Divers and Other Trades and Related Occupations, N.E.C. ............................................... 87 Figure 34.1 Large Unskilled Labour Supply Countries .................................................................. 89 Figure 35.1 Total Targeted Labour Supply from Each Target Country ......................................... 90




LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Key Variables contained in the Complete Country Profile .............................................. 5 Table 3.3.1 Measures Informing the Immigration Indices ............................................................. 15 Table 3.2.1 Immigration Supply/Demand Index Scores in each Country ..................................... 20 Table 3.3.1 Qualities of Immigrating Population Index Scores in each Country ........................... 23 Table 4.1 Total Physical Science Professionals and Technicians Employed in Each country ..... 27 Table 5.1 Total Civil, Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineers and Technicians Employed

in each Country .................................................................................................................... 30 Table 6.1 Other Engineers and Technical Occupations in Electronics and Electrical Engineers

Employed in each Country................................................................................................... 33 Table 7.1 Total Architects, Urban Planners and Land Surveyors and Technical Occupations in

Architecture, Drafting and Mapping Employed in each Country.......................................... 35 Table 8.1 Total Computer and Information Systems Professionals & Technical Occupations

Employed in each Country................................................................................................... 38 Table 9.1 Total Physicians, Dentists and Veterinarians Employed in each Country .................... 40 Table 10.1 Total Optometrists, Chiropractors and Other Health Diagnosing and Treating

Professionals Employed in each Country ............................................................................ 42 Table 11.1 Total Pharmacists, Dieticians and Nutritionists Employed in each Country................ 44 Table 12.1 Total Therapy and Assessment Professionals Employed in each Country ................ 46 Table 13.1 Total Nurse Supervisors and Registered Nurses Employed in each Country ............ 48 Table 14.1 Total Medical Technologists and Technicians (except dental health) Employed in each

Country ................................................................................................................................ 50 Table 15.1 Total Technical Occupations in Dental Health Care Employed in each Country ........ 52 Table 16.1 Total Other Technical Occupations in Health Care (except dental) Employed in each

Country ................................................................................................................................ 54 Table 17.1 Total Assisting Occupations in Support of Health Services Employed in each Country

............................................................................................................................................. 56 Table 18.1 Total Secondary and Elementary School Teachers and Educational Counsellors

Employed in each Country................................................................................................... 58 Table 19.1 Total Machine Operators and Related Workers in Metal and Mineral Products

Processing Employed in each Country ................................................................................ 60 Table 20.1 Total Auditors, Accountants and Investment Professionals Employed in each Country

............................................................................................................................................. 62 Table 21.1 Total Finance and Insurance Clerks Employed in each Country ................................ 64 Table 22.1 Total Plumbers, Pipefitters and Gas Fitters Employed in each Country ..................... 66 Table 23.1 Carpenters and Cabinetmakers Employed in each Country ....................................... 68 Table 24.1 Masonry and Plastering Trades Employed in each Country ....................................... 70 Table 25.1 Total Other Construction Trades Employed in each Country...................................... 72 Table 26.1 Total Electrical Trades and Telecommunications Occupations Employed in each

Country ................................................................................................................................ 74 Table 27.1 Total Machinists and Related Occupations Employed in each Country ..................... 76 Table 28.1 Metal Forming, Shaping and Erecting Trades Employed in each Country ................. 78 Table 29.1 Total Machinery and Transportation Equipment Mechanics Employed in each Country

............................................................................................................................................. 80 Table 30.1 Total Automotive Service Technicians Employed in each Country ............................. 82 Table 31.1 Total Other Mechanics Employed in each Country ..................................................... 84 Table 32.1 Total Upholsterers, Tailors, Shoe Repairers, Jewellers and Related Occupations

Employed in each Country................................................................................................... 86 Table 33.1 Printing Press Operators, Commercial Divers and Other Trades and Related

Occupations, N.E.C. Employed in each Country ................................................................. 88 Table 34.1 Top Countries for Labour Supply ................................................................................ 91




1. STUDY OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE

Purpose of the Study

With the completion of the occupational demand forecast, Calgary Economic Development (CED) now has insight as to those occupations that will be in high demand or will experience high growth over the next ten years. This information will be extremely useful to the community, assisting with workforce planning, development of curriculum and rationalizing specific industry or occupational support through workforce development activities. It is widely acknowledged that at some point in the near future, the large majority of Canada’s employment growth will come from immigration. CED proposes to undertake a study that will enable us to be at the forefront of the immigration stream, and be actively marketing and recruiting in markets that have a demonstrated supply of talent that is aligned with occupations in high demand or high growth over the next ten years. The purpose of the project is to support CED’s workforce recruitment efforts with informed, sound and rigorous analysis of global talent supply. This analysis will enable CED and others to be strategic in regards to not only the occupations that it dedicates its resources towards recruiting, but also the geographies in which recruiters may undertake in-market recruiting and visitation. Given the high costs of such activities, CED wishes to inform and substantiate its activities to ensure the highest chances of success and the greatest return on its investment. Additionally, the information regarding talent supply modeling can be disseminated to Calgary employers in order to support their planning for overseas recruiting efforts.

Objective and Scope The objective of this study is to use the information generated in the occupational demand forecast, specifically the highest demand and high-growth occupations, and to determine countries throughout the world where “supply” talent exists to meet Calgary’s Labour Demand. This study will identify those countries around the world where the supply of key workers is significant and make recommendations on which countries should be targeted for recruiting workers to Calgary.

Analysis of Labour Supply




In order to properly assess the supply of workers for a particular occupation, we have provided Calgary Economic Development with a complete profile of the labour supply in each country for the target occupational groups. This profile contains extensive information which can be used in support of due diligence for determining suitable counties to target for specific labour attraction efforts. Table 1.1 contains a list of all measures and statistics contained in the complete profile.

The profile is designed to provide CED with detailed statistics on the size of the international labour force and qualities affecting the probability of attracting workers from specific countries. In addition to this profile, this report contains:

(1) A measure of the total workers in each of thirty target occupational groupings

(2) A description of two immigration indices which were developed to characterize the relative ease or difficulty in attracting workers from each country.

(3) A set of recommendations based on analysis of the two measures above.

These three items provide Calgary Economic Development with clear guidance on key countries to target for recruitment efforts. While the guidance provided is reliable, additional due diligence may be required before undertaking recruitment efforts. For instance, some workers require licensure from an Alberta licensing organization. Workers from some countries may face difficulty obtaining licensure if the relevant Alberta licensing board does not recognize credentials from the country in question. In addition, some countries impose special rules for recruiting of specific types of workers and violation of these rules may result in fines or imprisonment. The process of international labour recruitment can be complex and there are a number of road-blocks that can make recruitment from a particular country difficult or impossible.

The findings of this study help to “narrow the field” of potential recruitment targets by identifying the key sources of supply, provide general guidance on the likelihood of success in recruiting and provide additional supporting intelligence to make selection of target countries for recruitment more efficient. By targeting the larger supply countries with higher likelihood of immigration success, CED can effectively manage resources to maximize the success of recruiting efforts.

Resident Population Labour Supply Migration of skilled workers is an important segment to consider in the identification of labour supply. Skilled workers who have immigrated to a country to work on a contracted bases for a short time represent an important pool of talent from two perspectives: (1) They have demonstrated that they have a high




level of skill which is in demand and (2) they have navigated the process of immigration, licensure (if required) and cultural or language hurtles.

Reasons why skilled worker migrants seek jobs overseas are diverse ranging from a desire. Negative factors in their home country can lead them to conclude that overseas opportunities post the best of future possibilities for themselves or their families. Some skilled workers migrate simple because the supply of workers in their home country is greater that the job market requires. For instance, India and the Philippines both train more nurses than they require. Other workers move for financial reasons or simply to improve their quality of life. Still others are seeking a short-term adventure and intend to eventually return to their home country to seek work.

This study does not specifically target these workers, but rather looks at countries in terms of their total employed work force (including native residents and international workers). Additional research on the migration of skilled workers can shed further light on this segment and could be used to further inform decisions regarding countries to target for recruiting efforts.




Table 1.1 Key Variables contained in the Complete Country Profile

Category Variable Name Units Description Source Description

Geography Country Country

Region World regionSubregion Sub-grouping of world regions

Occupation Calgary Target Occupations N/A Target occupation groups (defined by CED) Defined by CED

NOC OCCUPATION (4-DIGIT) N/A Canadian National Occupational Classification Statistics Canada

NOC OCCUPATION (3-DIGIT) N/A Canadian National Occupational Classification



Workers & Labor ForceWorkers in Occupation (2007)

workers

National Employment for the specific occupation or occupational group

National Economic Census and Survey Sources, ILO, OECD, Eurostat

Total Country Employment (2007)workers Total National Employment RDA Global Economic Database, ILO

Country Employment Growth

(2007) % 2007 National Employment GrowthRDA Global Economic Database, IMF, World Bank

2007 Employment in Industryworkers 2007 National Employment in a selected industry RDA Global Economic Database

Country Unemployed Persons

(2003) persons Persons unemployed in the countryILO Laborstat, Country Labour Statistics Sources

Unemployed Persons in Specific

Occupation (2006): persons

Persons unemployed in a stated employment category ILO, Country Labour Statistics Sources

EconomyGDP Growth (2007)

% Real GDP Growth in 2007Country National Account Reporting, World Bank, IMF

Nominal GDP (PPP) 2007US$Billions

Nominal GDP expressed in purchasing power parity IMF

GDP Per Capita (2005) USD Nominal GDP per unit population IMF

Calgary ImmigrationImmigrants to Calgary 1996-2001

persons Total Immigrants to Calgary over the period Statistics Canada

Calgary Non-Permanent

Immigrants (2001) persons

Total Calgary Non-Permenant Residents by Country of Origin Statistics Canada

Calgary CMA Permanent

Residents (2005) persons

Total Calgary Non-Permenant Residents by Country of Origin Statistics Canada

Canada ImmigrationImmigrants to Canada (1996-

2001) persons Total Immigrants to Canada over the period Statistics Canada

Canada Non-Permanent

Immigrants (2001) persons

Total Canada Non-Permenant Residents by Country of Origin Statistics Canada

Inflow of Workers to Canada

(2005) persons Inflow of workers to Canada Statistics Canada

Inflow of Workers to Canada

(2001) persons Inflow of workers to Canada Statistics Canada




(Continued from previous page)


Workforce Education

% of Workforce with post-

secondary education (non

tertiary) %

% of Workforce with post-secondary education (non tertiary) World Bank, Country Census Sources

% of Workforce with Post-

Secondary First Level Education%

% of Workforce with Post-Secondary First Level Education World Bank, Country Census Sources

% of Workforce with Post-

Secondary Second Level

Education %

% of Workforce with Post-Secondary Second Level Education World Bank, Country Census Sources

GraduatesTotal Tertiary Graduates (2005)

persons Total Tertiary Education Graduates in CountryOECD, Eurostat ILO, Country Statistics Sources

Total Tertiary Graduates (2000)persons Total Tertiary Education Graduates in Country

OECD, Eurostat ILO, Country Statistics Sources

2000 Graduates in Fieldpersons Graduates in Stated Field

UNESCO, Country Education Statistics Sources













Graduates in Narrow Field (2005)

(OECD only) persons

Graduates in Narrow Field (2005) (OECD countries only) OECD

Tertiary Education Enrollment Tertiary Education Enrollment

2001 persons Total Enrollment in Tertiary Education ProgramsUNESCO, Country Education Statistics Sources

Tertiary Education Enrollment










(Continued on next page)




(Continued from previous page)


Total National Wage Levels Average Monthly Wages (2001)

current $CDN

Average National Monthly Wages in Canadian Dollars for Business Sector ILO, Country Labour Statistics Sources

(aveage for all workers)Average Monthly Wages (2002)

current $CDN


Average Monthly Wages (2003)current $CDN






Average Monthly Wages (2006) current $CDN


Other

Total Alberta Teaching

Authorities Issued (2002-

2007)

Authorities

Issued

Total Alberta Teaching Authorities Issued by Country of Preparation-- total issued between 2002 and 2007.

Alberta Education, Teacher Development and Certification Branch

Specialist Physician

Remuneration Salary $USD Renumeration (salary) in Current US Dollars OECD Health Statistics

General Physician Remuneration Salary $USD Renumeration (salary) in Current US Dollars OECD Health Statistics




2. METHODOLOGY

Task 1: Determine key employment profiles. The selection of target occupations was based on the Calgary Labour Market Demand Study completed by Calgary Economic Development in January, 2008. This study highlighted the future demand for workers in Calgary for over 400 occupations. The Calgary Labour Market Demand Study identified, for each occupation, the number of workers which the Calgary Economic Region will require and could employ over a ten-year forecast horizon. The study included an annual forecast of employment for each occupation in Calgary from 2007 until 2017. The study highlighted a continued future need to attract workers to Calgary to meet the labour needs of the economic region. A high level of future demand was identified for a variety of skilled occupations and international recruiting was identified as a key priority for meeting the demand for skilled workers. Together, RDA Global and CED identified thirty (30) occupational groups to target for recruitment. The groups were first of all based on the occupations which will be in high demand as identified in the Calgary Labour Market Demand Study. Consideration was given to the overall benefit of international recruiting efforts vis-à-vis the high-demand occupations and some occupations and it was determined that skilled workers were the top priority for international recruiting. This resulted in some occupations, such as retail salespersons, not being included in the target occupations, despite the fact that these workers are in high demand. To address the needs of workers in lower skill levels, we developed a special analysis of the supply of unskilled workers in each country which can be used by employers who wish to engage in international recruiting where training is a key component of firm’s worker attraction plan. The selection of groups of target occupations was based on broad functional categories which often aggregated workers at different skill levels in a particular field. For instance, computer science professionals and computer science technicians were grouped together into a category. This approach was taken because sometimes the only difference between two occupations is the number of years of education of the worker and functionally the jobs are quite similar. The grouping approach provided an advantage of broadly identifying the source of labour supply for larger groups which characterized types of workers. The thirty groups identified cover about 1/3 of the existing jobs in Calgary. The specific selection of each target occupation group was made on the basis of four criteria:




(1) Preference as given to occupations in which there are a large number or workers in demand in the future (i.e. accountants and financial professionals).

(2) Preference was given to occupations in which demand is growing at a fast rate in the next five years (i.e. petroleum engineers).

(3) Preference was given to occupation for which demand is growing at a fast rate in the next ten years (i.e. nurses)

(4) Preference was given to workers with higher skill levels as these are workers which firms are more likely to invest in heavily to insure that they have adequate labour supply.

The final selection of target occupational groups is listed in the table below.

Occupation

Group

Number

OccupationsWorkers

in 2007

Demand

for

Workers

in 2017

Growth

2007-17

Workers

Required

for New

Jobs

C01 Physical science professionals & 7,740 11,169 44% 3,429 C11 Technical occupations in physical sciences 5,044 7,325 45% 2,282 C03 Civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineers & 10,965 16,319 49% 5,354 C13 Technical occupations in civil, mechanical and industrial engineering 3,364 5,046 50% 1,682 C04 Other engineers & 12,073 17,527 45% 5,453 C14 Technical occupations in electronics and electrical engineering 5,784 8,542 48% 2,758 C05 Architects, urban planners and land surveyors & 3,037 4,542 50% 1,504 C15 Technical occupations in architecture, drafting, surveying and mapping 5,461 8,155 49% 2,694 C07 Computer and information systems professionals & 19,663 29,248 49% 9,585 C18 Technical occupations in computer and information systems 7,786 11,483 47% 3,697

6 D01 Physicians, dentists and veterinarians 4,612 7,208 56% 2,596

7 D02 Optometrists, chiropractors and other health diagnosing and treating professionals 756 1,183 56% 427

8 D03 Pharmacists, dietitians and nutritionists 1,515 2,314 53% 799

9 D04 Therapy and assessment professionals 1,987 3,089 55% 1,102

10 D11 Nurse supervisors and registered nurses 9,017 14,046 56% 5,029

11 D21 Medical technologists and technicians (except dental health) 5,783 8,936 55% 3,154

12 D22 Technical occupations in dental health care 1,677 2,578 54% 901

13 D23 Other technical occupations in health care (except dental) 4,231 6,550 55% 2,318

14 D31 Assisting occupations in support of health services 8,429 13,175 56% 4,746

15 E13 Secondary and elementary school teachers and educational counsellors 21,418 26,906 26% 5,488

16 J12 Machine operators and related workers in metal and mineral products processing 1,346 1,957 45% 611

17 B01 Auditors, accountants and investment professionals 30,151 36,516 21% 6,365

18 B53 Finance and insurance clerks 18,608 22,491 21% 3,883

19 H11 Plumbers, pipefitters and gas fitters 4,702 6,135 30% 1,433

20 H12 Carpenters and cabinetmakers 8,297 10,812 30% 2,515

21 H13 Masonry and plastering trades 4,102 5,418 32% 1,316

22 H14 Other construction trades 6,459 8,529 32% 2,070

23 H21 Electrical trades and telecommunications occupations 9,423 12,298 31% 2,875

24 H31 Machinists and related occupations 1,437 1,816 26% 379

25 H32 Metal forming, shaping and erecting trades 6,952 8,915 28% 1,963

26 H41 Machinery and transportation equipment mechanics (except motor vehicle) 6,881 8,853 29% 1,972

27 H42 Automotive service technicians 5,861 7,550 29% 1,689

28 H43 Other mechanics 1,037 1,344 30% 307

29 H51 Upholsterers, tailors, shoe repairers, jewellers and related occupations 1,437 1,822 27% 385

30 H52 Printing press operators, commercial divers and other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. 1,236 1,549 25% 313

5

1

2

3

4

Task 2: Model country specific supply. The RDA Global Economics Database contains an extensive collection of labour market data on over 100 countries globally. The database includes information on historical employment for over 300 industry segments in each country (in some countries, additional detail is available). The statistics included in the RDA Global Economic Database include a vast amount of publicly available statistics on worker occupations in each industry from each country’s statistical reporting bureau (for instance, in Canada, it contains all publicly available information on the Canadian labour market provided by Statistics Canada). The database also




includes special collections of labor market information which are available to the public but have been specially prepared and purchased by RDA Global. These official statistical sources have been analyzed and combined into a single source dataset that adheres to the following standards:

(1) Consistent definitions of industries across countries, with standardization around the NAICS 2002 industry classification as well as ISIC Revision 4, and European NACE classifications

(2) Consistent definitions of workers and employment. The dataset captures

both full-time equivalent workers and total headcount by full-time and part-time worker categories. Definitions of full-time and part-time work adhere to standards for the definition in each country (i.e. in France, a 35 hour work week is full time and in the USA, a 35-hour work week is part time).

(3) Segmentation according to enterprise employment size. This allows for a detailed understanding of the differences in labour employed in a large enterprise setting vs. labour employed in a small or mid-sized business setting.

The RDA Global Economics Database also contains an extensive collection of occupation data. Occupational classification systems differ widely from country to country with regard to definition and level of detail available. Most countries provide census level information on the incidence of occupations within each industry as well as aggregate and detailed or semi-detailed measures of employment in each occupation. Most countries have developed a unique system of occupational definitions which make simple direct comparisons across countries practically impossible. To model country-specific supply of workers in each occupation we have taken the following steps:

(1) We will begin with the detailed industry information in each country and using the incidence of occupations within each industry we will determine the number of workers in each occupation in each country. Using a method similar to that used to produce the segmentation of the base year employment by industry and occupation/skill level in Calgary, we generated a detailed set of occupations in each country.

(2) We will then undertake a review of the precise definitions of occupations in

each country, as defined by the country’s national occupation classification system to select the particular occupations that align best with the thirty target occupational groups. The purpose of this step is to insure that definitions for these workers are aligned so that the final results contain figures that are directly comparable across countries. This process required us to carefully review the occupational definitions in each country and associate the occupational definitions for each country with the Canadian National Occupational Classification (NOC). Adjustments




were then made to the model so that the sum of workers for each occupational group in our model matched the statistics available from the country in question. Once this process was complete, additional adjustments were made based on international data collections such as the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics on the number of nurses employed in each country. In this way, we took advantage of the work previously completed by international studies which have given special consideration to comparability of statistics across countries.

(3) In the case where there was limited detail available, more detailed

information will be modeled based on detailed information from a proxy country. For instance, Pakistan does not provide detailed information on the number of general practice physicians vs. specialist physicians employed in the country. However, this information is available for China, India, Columbia, and a number of developing countries in worldwide. We will use a weighted average of types of physicians in countries where we have direct data to model the probable segmentation of physician occupations in Pakistan. Using this proxy procedure and all information publicly available in each country, we developed our model of labour supply in each of the thirty occupational groups, based on all available public data.

Once a detailed historical dataset of occupations is available, we created a forecast of labor demand for each of the thirty occupational groups in each country. The forecast is based on the forecast of industrial employment in each country which is contained in the RDA Global database. These forecasts are based on econometric forecasting models which are estimated for each industry in each country. The forecasts are based on a lagged employment independent variable as well as other exogenous independent variables such as energy prices, exchange rate, GDP growth, Industry Value Added to GDP, and other drivers. Task 3: Develop country specific immigration indices. The purpose of the immigration indices is to provide guidance on the likelihood of success in attracting workers from the country in question. The Calgary Immigration Indices consists of two country ranking indexes that are related to two measurable factors that are associated with immigration:

(1) The supply/demand factor and (2) The qualities of the emigrating population factor.

The indices were created through the factor analysis of five immigration-related variables. First, we have a measure of emigration stock which denotes the number of emigrants from each country—in total number of persons—in 2005 (referred to in the data as “EMSTOCK”). Second, we have a measure of the total




number of persons who immigrated to Calgary from 1996-2001. This variable is denoted as “CALIMM.” Third, we have a measure known as “ENGLISH” which attempts to account for the requisite English language requirements for immigration to Canada. Each country was coded based on the formal and informal usage of English as a language. For example, Australia and New Zealand were coded as 1; Argentina and France coded as 0; and India and Pakistan were coded as 0.5 because of the informal importance (e.g. social and political mobility) of English despite the fact that these countries have other state languages. Fourth, we have a measure that attempts to tap into the skill level of emigrants. This variable, known as “EMRATE_TERTED”, is the emigration rate of the tertiary educated population in each country for the year 2000. The variable is quantified in percentages of people in each country with a tertiary education who have emigrated from the country. Finally, we have a measure known as “CANRANK05.” Each country in the dataset has a list of top ten countries for emigration. The countries that had Canada in the top ten were ranked according to their order within the top ten (e.g. Canada was the second ranked place for immigrants from Mexico so it received a value of 2). Additionally, those countries in which Canada was not in the top ten for 2005 were coded 11. We utilized factor analysis to determine if there were indeed underlying dimensions or factors in the data based on these variables. In doing so we found that the first two variables, EMSTOCK (number of emigrants from each country) and CALIMM (total number of persons who immigrated to Calgary from 1996-2001), loaded quite strongly on the supply/demand dimension of the data. The analysis shows that these two variables had factor loadings of .57 and .72 respectively. Likewise, the remaining three variables (Use of English language, emigration rate of persons with a tertiary education and Canada’s rank in order of destinations for emigrates) appear to correlate with what we refer to as the qualities of the emigrating population factor of the data. This dimension captures the skill level of the emigrating population and the ease of integration into Canadian life. In order to make sense of the two dimensions of the data we generated factors scores for each country according to their strength with the two factors. One index—Supply/Demand Index—ranks all of the countries based on their utility on the supply/demand factor. Thus countries that have high aggregate numbers of emigration or that have sent great numbers of immigrants to Calgary will have greater scores than those countries that are not strong on this dimension. The other index captures the quality of the emigrating population and thus those countries that have greater skills (e.g. education and language proficiency) will have a greater rank than those with emigrating populations who do not. We felt that the two indices should remain distinct (as opposed to averaging the scores) as the two measures capture different aspects of immigration. The supply/demand factor clearly captures historical trends and raw labour availability and should be utilized for this dynamic only. On the other hand, the qualities of




the emigrating population dimension informs us more about the qualities of persons from these countries that might make communication (perhaps assimilation) easier and provide for greater infusion of workers into Calgary’s labour market. A complete review of the scoring and index development was undertaken by HDR | HLB Decision Economics economists to identify any potential improvements or flaws in the scoring method. This review yielded some adjustments to the scoring for countries which more closely reflect the data. Task 4: Select countries to target. Based on the supply of workers for each key employment profile and the immigration index scores, RDA has provided recommendations on countries to target for recruitment. Task 5: Independent quality assessment. Through our relationship with HDR Decision Economics, RDA Global obtained an independent quality assessment related to the development of country specific immigration indices. HDR provided feedback and recommendations which were used to further improve the specifications and weights used in the indices.




3. IMMIGRATION INDEXES

3.1 Measures Informing Indexes Several measures were tested in a factor analysis to determine the best indicators of likelihood of success in attracting workers from each country. The following five measures loaded well on the factor analysis and were eventually used in the immigration indices.

EMSTOCK: a measure of emigration stock which denotes the number of emigrants from each country—in total number of persons—in 2005.

CALIMM: a measure of the total number of persons who immigrated to Calgary from 1996-2001.

ENGLISH: a measure which attempts to account for the requisite English language requirements for immigration to Canada. Each country was coded based on the formal and informal usage of English as a language. For example, Australia and New Zealand were coded as 1; Argentina and France coded as 0; and India and Pakistan were coded as 0.5 because of the informal importance (e.g. social and political mobility) of English despite the fact that these countries have other state languages.

EMRATE_TERED: a measure that attempts to tap into the skill level of emigrants. This variable is the emigration rate of the tertiary educated population in each country for the year 2000. The variable is quantified in percentages of people in each country with a tertiary education who have emigrated from the country.

CANRANK05: Each country in the dataset has a list of top ten countries for emigration. The countries that had Canada in the top ten were ranked according to their order within the top ten (e.g. Canada was the second ranked place for immigrants from Mexico so it received a value of 2). Additionally, those countries in which Canada was not in the top ten for 2005 were coded 11.




Table 3.3.1 Measures Informing the Immigration Indices EMSTOCK CALIMM ENGLISH EMRATE_TERED CANRANK05

CountryNumber of emigrants from each country—in

total number of persons

Number of persons who immigrated to Calgary from 1996-

2001

Requisite English language requirements

for immigration

Emigration rate of the tertiary educated population (%)

Countries that had Canada in the top ten destinatinos for emigrates are ranked according to their order

within the top tenAfghanistan 2,031,678 915 0 13.2 5Albania 860,485 50 0 20 6Algeria 1,783,476 125 0 6.5 6Argentina 806,369 90 0 2.5 9Australia 415,270 215 1 2.3 4Austria 415,270 35 0 2.3 4Bahrain 20,090 50 0 3.4 4Bangladesh 4,885,704 295 0 4.7 7Belarus 1,799,790 10 0 3 11Belgium 454,599 - 0 5.9 7Bermuda 24,281 - 1 3Bolivia 417,956 25 0 6 7Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,471,594 725 0 28.6 8Brazil 1,135,060 105 0 3.3 11Brunei 12,623 15 0 21 1Bulgaria 937,341 105 0 5.8 10Cambodia 348,710 85 0 6.8 5Chile 584,869 60 0 5.3 5China 7,258,333 4,065 0 4.2 4Colombia 1,969,282 485 0 11 6Costa Rica 127,061 15 0 6.6 6Croatia 726,031 225 0 29.4 5Cyprus 160,728 10 0 17.9 6Czech Republic 418,175 30 0 9.9 5Denmark 234,008 55 0 7 6Dominican Rep. 1,068,919 - 0 21.7 11Ecuador 1,016,037 10 0 10.9 5Egypt 2,399,251 310 0 4.2 6El Salvador 1,128,701 125 0 31.5 2Ethiopia 445,926 230 0 17 5Finland 333,155 10 0 8.4 4France 1,889,164 155 0 3.9 8Germany 4,095,015 330 0 8.8 6Ghana 906,698 175 0 42.9 8Greece 1,218,233 10 0 14 4Guatemala 685,713 10 0 21.5 4Honduras 414,955 - 0 21.8 7Hong Kong 716,246 1,270 0 28.7 1Hungary 471,298 115 0 12.1 3India 9,987,129 3,595 0.5 4.2 8Indonesia 1,736,717 20 0 2 10Iran 969,920 735 0 13.1 3Ireland 927,904 15 1 34.4 4Israel 808,078 50 0.5 6.5 3Italy 3,459,027 130 0 7 4Jamaica 1,037,599 145 1 82.5 3Japan 940,028 110 0 1.5 6Jordan 641,154 55 0 6.4 6Kazakhstan 3,710,351 185 0 1.1 11Kenya 427,324 200 1 26.3 5Korea 1,609,206 1,590 0 7.9 3Kuwait 185,802 75 0 10 3

(Continued on next page)




(Continued from Previous Page) EMSTOCK CALIMM ENGLISH EMRATE_TERED CANRANK05

CountryNumber of emigrants from each country—in

total number of persons

Number of persons who immigrated to Calgary from 1996-

2001

Requisite English language requirements

for immigration

Emigration rate of the tertiary educated population (%)

Countries that had Canada in the top ten destinatinos for emigrates are ranked according to their order

within the top tenLatvia 232,865 60 0 10.2 5Lebanon 621,903 335 0 29.7 2Lithuania 320,473 10 0 11.8 8Luxembourg 42,361 - 0 7.6 11Macau - 0Macedonia 370,826 10 0 20.9 11Malaysia 1,458,944 30 0 10.4 6Mexico 11,502,616 285 0 14.3 2Morocco 2,718,665 15 0 10.3 9Mozambique 803,261 - 0 42 11Nepal 753,662 40 0 2.7 11Netherlands 812,475 120 0 8.9 2New Zealand 498,006 90 1 15 4Nicaragua 683,520 45 0 30.9 3Nigeria 836,832 310 1 36.1 11Norway 180,575 50 0 5.4 7Pakistan 3,415,952 1,780 0.5 9.2 5Panama 215,240 10 0 20 4Paraguay 421,279 - 0 2.3 4Peru 898,829 110 0 6.3 8Philippines 3,631,405 3,315 1 14.8 4Poland 2,316,438 380 0 12.3 4Portugal 1,950,486 - 0 13.8 5Puerto Rico - Romania 1,244,052 850 0 14.1 7Russia 11,480,137 890 0 1.3 11Saudi Arabia 80,705 130 0 0.7 2Singapore 230,007 110 0 15.2 10Slovakia 520,962 95 0 15.3 6Slovenia 133,965 - 0 11 4South Africa 713,104 690 0 5.4 5Spain 1,323,373 - 0 2.6 11Sri Lanka 935,599 160 0 27.5 3Sudan 587,120 400 0 5.6 8Sweden 300,771 35 0 4.4 9Switzerland 481,060 105 0 9.1 6Syria 480,708 85 0 5.2 6Taiwan 715 0Tanzania 188,789 110 0.5 15.8 3Thailand 758,180 45 0 2.2 11Trinidad & Tobago 361,596 45 1 78.4 2Tunisia 623,221 10 0 9.6 9Turkey 4,402,914 125 0 4.6 11UAE 41,287 110 0 1.2 3Uganda 154,747 45 1 21.6 4Ukraine 6,081,890 410 0 6 9United Kingdom 4,158,909 1,600 1 16.7 3United States 2,261,443 1,550 1 0.5 2Uruguay 288,480 10 0 8.6 6Uzbekistan 2,185,539 45 0 1 11Venezuela 463,759 115 0 3.3 5Vietnam 2,225,413 685 0 39 2Vietnam 2,225,413 685 0.0 39.0% 2

3.2 Immigration Supply/Demand Index The Immigration Supply Demand Index captures raw labour availability from each country and is based partially on the total stock of emigrates from the country and actual immigration to Calgary during the latest Census cycle. Countries which have a high rate of outward emigration or high rate of immigration to Calgary received high scores. Countries with both features naturally received the highest scored while those with neither received relatively low scores. The immigration supply/demand index captures an important




dimension of labour mobility, but is not specific to a particular occupation. Additional background on the Immigration Supply/Demand Index is contained in the methodology section of this report.

The index scoring revealed natural groupings of countries with eleven (11) countries receiving notably high scores, and forty one (41) counties receiving mid-level scored. The remaining countries all received low scores and these scores were relatively similar to one another. Figure 3.2.1 contains the high-scoring countries. These countries typically displayed a large stock of labour supply for emigration and/or high levels of immigration into Calgary. Given the high level of mobility and/or established immigrant community in Calgary, workers from these countries are highly likely to immigrate to meet the labour demand in Calgary.

Figure 3.2.1 High Scoring Countries in the Demand/Supply Index

0 1 2 3 4

Labour Demand and Supply Index(Average Score = 0)

Hong Kong

Jamaica

Korea

Mexico

Pakistan

United States

Russia

United Kingdom

Philippines

China

India

Source: RDA Global

Labour Demand and Supply Index ScoreHigh Scoring Countries




Figure 3.2.2 High Scoring and Mid-Scoring Countries in the Demand/Supply Index

0 1 2 3 4


GuatemalaMalaysiaHungaryGreece

EthiopiaSudan

NicaraguaNetherlands

FrancePortugalMorocco

AlgeriaGhanaCroatia

Sri LankaEl Salvador

TanzaniaKazakhstan

IsraelLebanon

EgyptTurkey

South AfricaColombia

ItalyPoland

UgandaIran

Bosnia and HerzegovinaRomania

New ZealandAustraliaGermany

BangladeshKenyaIrelandNigeria

AfghanistanVietnam

Trinidad & TobagoUkraine

Hong KongJamaica

KoreaMexico

PakistanUnited States

RussiaUnited Kingdom

PhilippinesChinaIndia

Source: RDA Global

Labour Demand and Supply Index ScoreMid-level and High Scores

Figure 3.2.2 contains the countries which received either high or mid-level scores. It is important to note that the scores where calculated around an average of zero (0). The average of zero indicates the relative level of raw labour supply and thus a negative score does not indicate that workers from that country are unlikely to emigrate, but just that they are less likely to emigrate than workers from a positive-scoring country.

High-level scoring countries ranged from a high score of 3.65 (India) to .66 (Hong Kong). Mid-level scoring countries ranged from a score of .45 (Ukraine) to -.33 (Guatemala).




Figure 3.2.3 Labour Demand and Supply Index (All Countries)

-1 0 1 2 3 4


Luxembourg

Sweden

Nepal

Macedonia

Thailand

Lithuania

Costa Rica

Norway

Tunisia

Belgium

Singapore

Spain

Bolivia

Uruguay

Denmark

Bahrain

Cyprus

Argentina

Dominican Rep.

Slovenia

Brazil

Paraguay

Honduras

Bulgaria

Finland

Latvia

Austria

Belarus

Czech Republic

Syria

Jordan

Mozambique

Cambodia

UAE

Indonesia

Chile

Panama

Peru

Switzerland

Venezuela

Kuwait

Slovakia

Saudi Arabia

Japan

Uzbekistan

Ecuador

Brunei

Albania

Guatemala

Malaysia

Hungary

Greece

Ethiopia

Sudan

Nicaragua

Netherlands

France

Portugal

Morocco

Algeria

Ghana

Croatia

Sri Lanka

El Salvador

Tanzania

Kazakhstan

Israel

Lebanon

Egypt

Turkey

South Africa

Colombia

Italy

Poland

Uganda

Iran

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Romania

New Zealand

Australia

Germany

Bangladesh

Kenya

Ireland

Nigeria

Afghanistan

Vietnam

Trinidad & Tobago

Ukraine

Hong Kong

Jamaica

Korea

Mexico

Pakistan

United States

Russia

United Kingdom

Philippines

China

India

Source: RDA Global

Labour Demand and Supply Index Score

Figure 3.2.3 contains scores for all countries. There are forty eight (48) countries which received relatively low scores.

Low-scoring countries range from a score of -.34 (Albania) to -.68 (Luxembourg). It is notable that scores for low-scoring countries are not strongly differentiated from one another. Unlike high-scoring countries, there were no low-scoring countries with strongly low scores.

It is also noteworthy that the scores for countries are not evenly balanced in the sense that there are 31 countries with higher than average (positive) scores and 68 countries with lower than average (negative) scores. This suggests that much of the emigrating labour force is concentrated in a smaller subset of key supply countries.




Table 3.2.1 Immigration Supply/Demand Index Scores in each Country Rank Country

Labour Demand Supply

Index Rank Country

Labour Demand Supply

Index 1 India 3.65 54 Greece -0.292 China 3.39 55 Hungary -0.303 Philippines 2.96 56 Malaysia -0.304 United Kingdom 1.88 57 Guatemala -0.335 Russia 1.59 58 Albania -0.346 United States 1.52 59 Brunei -0.357 Pakistan 1.52 60 Ecuador -0.358 Mexico 1.46 61 Uzbekistan -0.369 Korea 0.88 62 Japan -0.3610 Jamaica 0.69 63 Saudi Arabia -0.3711 Hong Kong 0.66 64 Slovakia -0.3712 Ukraine 0.54 65 Kuwait -0.3813 Trinidad & Tobago 0.53 66 Venezuela -0.3914 Vietnam 0.49 67 Switzerland -0.4015 Afghanistan 0.44 68 Peru -0.4016 Nigeria 0.36 69 Panama -0.4117 Ireland 0.35 70 Chile -0.4118 Kenya 0.34 71 Indonesia -0.4119 Bangladesh 0.33 72 UAE -0.4220 Germany 0.28 73 Cambodia -0.4221 Australia 0.28 74 Mozambique -0.4222 New Zealand 0.25 75 Jordan -0.4223 Romania 0.23 76 Syria -0.4324 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.21 77 Czech Republic -0.4325 Iran 0.21 78 Belarus -0.4326 Uganda 0.20 79 Austria -0.4327 Poland 0.13 80 Latvia -0.4428 Italy 0.10 81 Finland -0.4429 Colombia 0.09 82 Bulgaria -0.4530 South Africa 0.05 83 Honduras -0.4631 Turkey 0.04 84 Paraguay -0.4632 Egypt 0.00 85 Brazil -0.4633 Taiwan 0.00 86 Slovenia -0.4634 Macau 0.00 87 Dominican Rep. -0.4735 Puerto Rico 0.00 88 Argentina -0.4736 Bermuda 0.00 89 Cyprus -0.4837 Canada 0.00 90 Bahrain -0.4838 Lebanon -0.03 91 Denmark -0.4839 Israel -0.03 92 Uruguay -0.5040 Kazakhstan -0.04 93 Bolivia -0.5041 Tanzania -0.04 94 Spain -0.5142 El Salvador -0.09 95 Singapore -0.5143 Sri Lanka -0.14 96 Belgium -0.5244 Croatia -0.17 97 Tunisia -0.5245 Ghana -0.20 98 Norway -0.5246 Algeria -0.21 99 Costa Rica -0.5347 Morocco -0.21 100 Lithuania -0.5348 Portugal -0.21 101 Thailand -0.5649 France -0.23 102 Macedonia -0.5650 Netherlands -0.24 103 Nepal -0.5751 Nicaragua -0.24 104 Sweden -0.5752 Sudan -0.25 105 Luxembourg -0.6853 Ethiopia -0.26




3.3 Qualities of Immigrating Population Index The second index captures the quality of the emigrating population informs us more about the qualities of persons from these countries that might make communication (perhaps assimilation) easier and provide for greater infusion of workers into Calgary’s labour market. Those countries with populations which have greater skills (e.g. education and English language proficiency) will have a greater rank than those with emigrating populations who do not.

Scores for the Labour Qualities Index range from a high of 2.89 (Trinidad & Tobago) to a low of -2.09 (Russia). The scoring of the index is relatively evenly distributed. Countries with high scores tend to be English-speaking countries with a high rate of emigration for persons with a tertiary education. It is interesting to note that several of the countries which scored high on the labour demand/supply index scored lowest in the labour qualities index. Countries such as China, India, Russia and Mexico all represent high levels of mobile labour supply, but may face language or cultural difficulties. They may also find that their educational qualifications present limitations when seeking work in Calgary. Clearly, there are a large number of immigrant workers in Calgary from some countries which score relatively low on the labour qualities index. This suggests that these workers can overcome the cultural, educational, and language hurtles and successfully immigrate. Thus, it suggests that this index is probably a lesser determinant of success in immigration than the supply/demand index. In our analysis we use the index to differentiate the level of difficulty in immigration among likely sources of labour supply.




Figure 3.3.1 Labour Qualities Index

-2 -1 0 1 2 3

Labour Qualities Score(Average Score = 0)

Russia

India

China

Ukraine

Kazakhstan

Turkey

Mexico

Uzbekistan

Bangladesh

Belarus

Spain

Indonesia

Brazil

Thailand

Nepal

Germany

Morocco

France

Bulgaria

Argentina

Egypt

Luxembourg

Sweden

Sudan

Peru

Italy

Japan

Tunisia

Algeria

Colombia

Belgium

Dominican Rep.

Bolivia

Singapore

Norway

Romania

Syria

South Africa

Afghanistan

Jordan

Malaysia

Macedonia

Venezuela

Korea

Lithuania

Chile

Denmark

Poland

Costa Rica

Switzerland

Austria

Paraguay

Uruguay

Portugal

Cambodia

Pakistan

Ecuador

Bahrain

UAE

Czech Republic

Latvia

Slovakia

Saudi Arabia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Finland

Greece

Iran

Albania

Honduras

Slovenia

Netherlands

Cyprus

Ethiopia

Kuwait

Hungary

Mozambique

Guatemala

Panama

Croatia

Philippines

Israel

Ghana

Sri Lanka

United States

Hong Kong

Brunei

Nicaragua

United Kingdom

Lebanon

El Salvador

Vietnam

Tanzania

Australia

Nigeria

New Zealand

Kenya

Uganda

Ireland

Jamaica

Trinidad & Tobago

Source: RDA Global

Labour Qualities Score




Table 3.3.1 Qualities of Immigrating Population Index Scores in each Country

Rank Country Labour Qualities Index Rank Country Labour Qualities Index 1 Trinidad & Tobago 2.89 54 Paraguay -0.082 Jamaica 2.82 55 Austria -0.083 Ireland 1.58 56 Switzerland -0.094 Uganda 1.36 57 Costa Rica -0.105 Kenya 1.35 58 Poland -0.106 New Zealand 1.15 59 Denmark -0.107 Nigeria 1.07 60 Chile -0.118 Australia 0.84 61 Lithuania -0.159 Tanzania 0.82 62 Korea -0.1510 Vietnam 0.70 63 Venezuela -0.1511 El Salvador 0.70 64 Macedonia -0.1612 Lebanon 0.69 65 Malaysia -0.1713 United Kingdom 0.69 66 Jordan -0.1714 Nicaragua 0.66 67 Afghanistan -0.1715 Brunei 0.66 68 South Africa -0.1816 Hong Kong 0.66 69 Syria -0.1817 United States 0.61 70 Romania -0.2018 Sri Lanka 0.54 71 Norway -0.2119 Ghana 0.54 72 Singapore -0.2120 Israel 0.52 73 Bolivia -0.2221 Philippines 0.48 74 Dominican Rep. -0.2222 Croatia 0.45 75 Belgium -0.2323 Panama 0.38 76 Colombia -0.2524 Guatemala 0.36 77 Algeria -0.3125 Mozambique 0.31 78 Tunisia -0.3126 Hungary 0.22 79 Japan -0.3327 Kuwait 0.21 80 Italy -0.3528 Ethiopia 0.18 81 Peru -0.3629 Cyprus 0.18 82 Sudan -0.3630 Netherlands 0.18 83 Sweden -0.4031 Slovenia 0.17 84 Luxembourg -0.4532 Honduras 0.17 85 Egypt -0.4633 Albania 0.14 86 Argentina -0.5234 Iran 0.13 87 Bulgaria -0.5335 Greece 0.11 88 France -0.5536 Finland 0.08 89 Morocco -0.5637 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.07 90 Germany -0.5638 Saudi Arabia 0.06 91 Nepal -0.6639 Slovakia 0.06 92 Thailand -0.6740 Latvia 0.05 93 Brazil -0.7041 Czech Republic 0.03 94 Indonesia -0.7242 UAE 0.01 95 Spain -0.7343 Canada 0.00 96 Belarus -0.7844 Puerto Rico 0.00 97 Bangladesh -0.8345 Bermuda 0.00 98 Uzbekistan -0.8846 Taiwan 0.00 99 Mexico -1.0247 Macau 0.00 100 Turkey -1.0748 Bahrain -0.01 101 Kazakhstan -1.0749 Ecuador -0.02 102 Ukraine -1.1150 Pakistan -0.04 103 China -1.2351 Cambodia -0.05 104 India -1.3652 Portugal -0.06 105 Russia -2.0953 Uruguay -0.07

3.4 Analysis of Labour Supply Building on the two indices (the supply/demand index and the qualities of the immigrating population index) we have provided a standard analysis for each of the target occupational groups. The analysis is based on the following:

(1) Based on the natural breaks in the immigration supply/demand index, countries which received low immigration scores were removed from the list of potential country targets. This essentially filtered out countries which have low levels of emigration or historically have not had much or any immigration to Calgary.




(2) The remaining countries were plotted on a two way axis which is used for strategic assessment. On the y-axis is the country’s score for the immigration supply/demand index and on the x-axis is the country’s score for the qualities of the immigrating population. This sorted the remaining countries into one of four quadrants—

a. High immigrant labour availability which is relatively easy to recruit (the upper right quadrant)

b. High immigrant labour availability which is relatively difficult to recruit (the upper left quadrant)

c. Smaller immigrant labour demand availability which is relatively easy to recruit (the lower right quadrant) and

d. Smaller immigrant labour demand availability which is also relatively more difficult to recruit.

In terms of assessment, the countries falling in quadrant (a) (the top right quadrant) can be considered “low-hanging fruit.” Recruitment efforts from these countries are likely to be successful. Countries falling in quadrant (b) (top left) are the next most likely to be successful. Workers from these countries have high levels of mobility, however, due to language, education or cultural factors, integration into the Calgary workforce will be more difficult. It should be noted that workers from the countries falling into this quadrant have historically had relatively high levels of immigration to Calgary or Canada, despite these difficulties. Workers from quadrant (c) (lower right) are a third tier choice for recruiting, however, these niche countries may provide good key sources of supply, especially if special training relationships can be established. Workers from these countries are likely to easily integrate into the Calgary workforce, and the source countries should be seen as a potential target for mid-term and long-term immigration partnership. Countries falling into quadrant (d) (lower left) reflect a smaller mobile workforce and will also face difficulties in integrating into Canadian life and work.

It should be noted that all countries appearing in the four-quadrant graphs have historically shown some level of immigration to Canada and thus the segmentation of workers according to the four quadrants should be seen as relative differences and workers from countries in all four quadrants can be considered as potential recruitment targets.

(3) The final measure introduced into the strategic assessment figure is the number of workers in the target occupational group in each country. This measure is represented by the size of the bubble (or dot) that represents each country. A country with a large bubble has a large amount of supply. A country with a small bubble has a small level of supply. The bubble size is specific to the occupational group being assessed.

Interpretation of the strategic assessment figures is best completed by identifying the larger bubbles and their location within the four quadrants. These represent




the key large supply opportunities. Smaller bubbles represent locations with smaller supply however they may represent areas of high recruiting success based on the quadrant in which they fall.




4. PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROFESSIONALS & TECHNICIANS

This occupational group contains the following worker occupations:

Chemical Technologists and Technicians

Chemists

Geological and Mineral Technologists and Technicians

Geologists, Geochemists and Geophysicists

Meteorological Technicians

Meteorologists

Other Professional Occupations in Physical Sciences

Physicists and Astronomers

Figure 4.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Physical Science Professionals and Technicians

India, Russia, and Germany are the top countries employing these workers. Workers from the US, UK, Nigeria, Australia, and Vietnam are countries have traditionally had less difficulty in transitioning into Canadian life. Japan, France, Italy, Ukraine, Brazil and China all represent additional large sources, however it is less likely that recruiting will be successful from these countries due to cultural and language differences as well as relatively attractive opportunities to find work within these countries without a need to emigrate.




Table 4.1 Total Physical Science Professionals and Technicians Employed in Each country

Rank CountryWorkers in Occupation

(2007)Rank Country

Workers in Occupation

(2007)1 Russia 435,955 54 Bolivia 14,076 2 India 388,274 55 Netherlands 13,688 3 Japan 290,305 56 Singapore 13,448 4 Germany 267,006 57 Israel 13,316 5 United States 231,107 58 Portugal 13,114 6 Brazil 219,185 59 Kazakhstan 12,686 7 France 158,761 60 Morocco 12,199 8 Bangladesh 141,392 61 Peru 11,787 9 Indonesia 132,463 62 Denmark 11,166 10 United Kingdom 122,639 63 Sudan 10,672 11 Italy 101,675 64 Sri Lanka 10,608 12 Nigeria 96,320 65 Slovakia 10,251 13 China 89,321 66 Norway 9,971 14 Ukraine 80,509 67 New Zealand 9,599 15 Mexico 79,535 68 Korea 9,502 16 Poland 74,770 69 Slovenia 9,442 17 Canada 68,695 70 Greece 9,191 18 Turkey 55,187 71 Honduras 8,585 19 Vietnam 54,893 72 Hong Kong 8,575 20 Taiwan 46,098 73 El Salvador 8,123 21 South Africa 42,528 74 Jordan 7,985 22 Australia 42,480 75 Thailand 7,787 23 Malaysia 37,566 76 Costa Rica 7,551 24 Venezuela 37,106 77 Kuwait 7,516 25 Romania 36,614 78 Puerto Rico 7,410 26 Egypt 33,766 79 Lebanon 7,270 27 Belgium 33,710 80 Ecuador 7,157 28 Ethiopia 32,995 81 Bosnia and Herzegovina 7,035 29 Iran 32,595 82 Cambodia 6,733 30 Saudi Arabia 32,504 83 Dominican Rep. 6,369 31 Tanzania 31,692 84 Croatia 6,123 32 Spain 31,012 85 Guatemala 5,993 33 Kenya 29,838 86 Paraguay 5,855 34 Sweden 29,668 87 Tunisia 4,478 35 Nepal 29,289 88 Colombia 4,364 36 Argentina 27,496 89 Ireland 4,067 37 Czech Republic 23,395 90 Pakistan 3,916 38 Uzbekistan 22,384 91 Panama 3,313 39 Chile 21,997 92 Albania 3,304 40 Belarus 21,882 93 Macedonia 3,193 41 Austria 19,247 94 Trinidad & Tobago 2,854 42 Afghanistan 19,227 95 Jamaica 2,760 43 Switzerland 18,790 96 Uruguay 2,440 44 Hungary 18,277 97 Nicaragua 2,279 45 Philippines 17,674 98 Lithuania 2,013 46 Ghana 16,919 99 Bahrain 1,825 47 Mozambique 16,358 100 Latvia 1,745 48 UAE 16,135 101 Brunei 1,134 49 Algeria 15,929 102 Cyprus 1,011 50 Finland 15,375 103 Macau 888 51 Bulgaria 15,163 104 Luxembourg 608 52 Syria 14,977 105 Bermuda 191 53 Uganda 14,495




5. CIVIL, MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL & CHEMICAL ENGINEERS AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS


Chemical Engineers

Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians

Civil Engineers

Construction Estimators

Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Industrial Engineering and Manufacturing Technologists and Technicians

Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians

Mechanical Engineer

Figure 5.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, & Chemical Engineers and Technical Occupations

Many of the key target countries have large numbers of engineers. Germany, France, Austria, Korea, Russia, the UK, Ireland, Ukraine, Israel, Lebanon, Italy, Spain, Poland, and New Zealand all have relatively high concentrations of engineers as a percent of total employment. The US, UK, Ireland, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and New Zealand represent countries that fall both in the upper right quadrant (a) and have high concentrations of these types of engineers.




Given the abundance of engineering employment worldwide (over 18MM engineers employed worldwide) is it likely that identification of source countries will not be difficult. Since these occupations are regulated in Canada (requiring licensure) the greatest success is likely to be gained in the UK and US and Germany as well as other Western countries. Korea’s recent graduates represent a large opportunity with about 55,000 engineering graduates annually, compared to about 23,000 in Germany, and 27,000 in the UK. The largest new graduate pool of engineers among OECD countries is 110,000 annual engineering graduates in the USA.




Table 5.1 Total Civil, Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineers and Technicians Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country

Workers in Occupation (2007)

1 Japan 1,314,514 54 Finland 71,746 2 China 1,218,976 55 Sudan 71,095 3 Russia 1,203,909 56 Portugal 70,584 4 Germany 1,148,782 57 Sweden 69,114 5 United States 1,136,880 58 Chile 65,383 6 Bangladesh 955,248 59 Belarus 61,774 7 India 925,502 60 Switzerland 59,491 8 Indonesia 663,945 61 Hungary 58,431 9 Brazil 572,353 62 Singapore 46,034 10 Nigeria 571,893 63 Denmark 44,027 11 France 538,999 64 Slovakia 41,490 12 United Kingdom 470,587 65 Israel 41,145 13 Korea 419,507 66 Guatemala 41,124 14 Vietnam 378,309 67 Greece 40,203 15 Italy 331,828 68 Bulgaria 39,310 16 Ukraine 331,365 69 Ecuador 37,612 17 Spain 286,753 70 UAE 35,551 18 Iran 248,704 71 Bolivia 34,355 19 Mexico 246,596 72 Ireland 33,944 20 Ethiopia 219,720 73 Cambodia 33,674 21 Poland 211,969 74 Hong Kong 33,541 22 Canada 205,529 75 New Zealand 29,447 23 Tanzania 201,218 76 Dominican Rep. 29,334 24 Egypt 197,421 77 Norway 29,155 25 Kenya 175,923 78 Tunisia 28,992 26 Turkey 158,526 79 Slovenia 27,791 27 Romania 153,630 80 El Salvador 27,358 28 Netherlands 138,347 81 Honduras 24,203 29 Taiwan 137,209 82 Bosnia and Herzegovina 22,657 30 Uzbekistan 134,598 83 Lithuania 22,078 31 Australia 128,358 84 Jordan 20,925 32 Afghanistan 128,337 85 Croatia 19,646 33 Ghana 112,713 86 Paraguay 19,358 34 Malaysia 111,387 87 Lebanon 18,793 35 Venezuela 109,637 88 Puerto Rico 16,093 36 Mozambique 108,969 89 Uruguay 15,817 37 Uganda 100,540 90 Jamaica 15,341 38 Nepal 100,330 91 Nicaragua 14,350 39 Algeria 92,487 92 Pakistan 13,658 40 Philippines 89,184 93 Latvia 13,296 41 Austria 88,960 94 Panama 12,823 42 Thailand 87,004 95 Kuwait 12,227 43 Belgium 85,095 96 Costa Rica 11,842 44 Syria 82,175 97 Albania 9,274 45 Argentina 79,491 98 Macedonia 8,867 46 South Africa 79,027 99 Trinidad & Tobago 6,959 47 Morocco 78,442 100 Cyprus 5,292 48 Czech Republic 77,128 101 Bahrain 3,434 49 Saudi Arabia 76,734 102 Luxembourg 3,291 50 Colombia 74,849 103 Macau 3,191 51 Sri Lanka 74,402 104 Brunei 1,918 52 Peru 72,374 105 Bermuda 499 53 Kazakhstan 72,036




6. OTHER ENGINEERS AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS IN ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING


Aerospace Engineers

Aircraft Instrument, Electrical and Avionics Mechanics, Technicians and Inspectors

Computer Engineers (Except Software Engineers)

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians

Electronic Service Technicians (Household and Business Equipment)

Geological Engineers

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineers

Industrial Instrument Technicians and Mechanics

Metallurgical and Materials Engineers

Mining Engineers

Other Professional Engineers, n.e.c.

Petroleum Engineers

Figure 6.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Other Engineers and Technical Occupations in Electronics and Electrical Engineers




Workers in the “other engineers” category can be found in a large number of countries and recruiting efforts will likely need to be more targeted than the grouping allows. China, Russia, India, Nigeria, Ukraine, Germany, the UK, and the US have supplies of workers larger than that of Canada for the combined group of petroleum engineers and geological engineers, which are in high demand in Calgary. The US, UK, and Nigeria, represent good target countries where recruiting is likely to be successful. In addition, the political climate in Venezuela is likely to make recruitment from the country successful, although formal recruiting may be logistically difficult.




Table 6.1 Other Engineers and Technical Occupations in Electronics and Electrical Engineers Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 1,276,019 54 Uganda 61,843 2 Russia 1,155,493 55 Singapore 54,455 3 Japan 1,071,215 56 Sudan 54,106 4 United States 936,348 57 Romania 49,837 5 Indonesia 853,367 58 Hong Kong 43,249 6 India 788,158 59 Ecuador 43,187 7 Bangladesh 721,366 60 Bolivia 42,234 8 Brazil 628,638 61 Cambodia 41,956 9 Nigeria 451,982 62 Israel 39,309 10 Germany 407,683 63 Slovakia 36,216 11 Vietnam 335,787 64 Dominican Rep. 34,394 12 Ukraine 333,978 65 UAE 33,717 13 Italy 295,953 66 El Salvador 30,525 14 Mexico 275,843 67 Tunisia 29,862 15 Korea 260,698 68 Norway 29,699 16 Iran 260,166 69 Portugal 29,320 17 United Kingdom 221,337 70 New Zealand 29,100 18 Canada 218,100 71 Guatemala 28,913 19 Egypt 191,333 72 Honduras 25,793 20 Taiwan 177,417 73 Bulgaria 25,566 21 France 174,750 74 Greece 23,028 22 Turkey 167,822 75 Switzerland 22,305 23 Ethiopia 166,079 76 Bosnia and Herzegovina 21,520 24 Malaysia 138,457 77 Austria 21,014 25 Uzbekistan 136,676 78 Jordan 21,011 26 Tanzania 135,839 79 Hungary 20,432 27 Kenya 135,095 80 Finland 20,378 28 Spain 133,014 81 Lebanon 19,569 29 Australia 121,352 82 Croatia 19,428 30 Argentina 114,525 83 Denmark 16,942 31 Venezuela 113,674 84 Uruguay 16,119 32 South Africa 109,243 85 Puerto Rico 16,103 33 Thailand 108,404 86 Paraguay 14,639 34 Nepal 107,245 87 Jamaica 14,625 35 Belgium 103,822 88 Pakistan 14,039 36 Afghanistan 97,598 89 Panama 13,250 37 Peru 94,617 90 Kuwait 12,985 38 Colombia 90,087 91 Nicaragua 12,804 39 Algeria 89,017 92 Ireland 12,653 40 Philippines 86,984 93 Macedonia 9,225 41 Ghana 85,777 94 Lithuania 8,648 42 Syria 85,489 95 Albania 8,083 43 Sweden 84,501 96 Slovenia 6,672 44 Mozambique 82,932 97 Trinidad & Tobago 6,161 45 Morocco 81,030 98 Costa Rica 5,258 46 Saudi Arabia 76,764 99 Latvia 5,071 47 Czech Republic 76,671 100 Bahrain 3,694 48 Sri Lanka 75,745 101 Macau 3,115 49 Netherlands 73,776 102 Cyprus 2,411 50 Kazakhstan 72,357 103 Brunei 2,094 51 Chile 71,616 104 Luxembourg 1,273 52 Poland 69,683 105 Bermuda 476 53 Belarus 62,729




7. ARCHITECTS, URBAN PLANNERS AND LAND SURVEYORS AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS IN ARCHITECTURE,

DRAFTING, SURVEYING AND MAPPING


Architects

Architectural Technologists and Technicians

Drafting Technologists and Technicians

Industrial Designers

Land Survey Technologists and Technicians

Land Surveyors

Landscape Architects

Mapping and Related Technologists and Technicians

Urban and Land Use Planners

Figure 7.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Architects, Urban Planners and Land Surveyors and Technical Occupations in Architecture, Drafting and Mapping

For workers in these occupations, Germany, France, Russia, the UK, Vietnam, the US, and Korea represent strong candidate countries (as do China and India).




Hong Kong, Jamaica, the Philippines, Kenya and Bosnia & Herzegovina and a few other small countries may also be successful smaller markets. Less expensive talent from Ukraine, Mexico, Bangladesh and other countries in the upper quadrants may be a good target, but only in so far as the licensing boards for each specific occupation accept the credentials of workers from these countries.

Table 7.1 Total Architects, Urban Planners and Land Surveyors and Technical Occupations in Architecture, Drafting and Mapping Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 United States 635,556 54 Colombia 31,557 2 Germany 562,997 55 Kazakhstan 31,210 3 Russia 494,034 56 Peru 31,176 4 China 471,822 57 Morocco 29,992 5 Japan 419,547 58 Czech Republic 27,812 6 India 392,009 59 Hong Kong 27,763 7 Bangladesh 353,767 60 Denmark 27,341 8 France 340,836 61 Sudan 26,506 9 Brazil 316,222 62 Chile 25,666 10 Indonesia 239,634 63 Bulgaria 25,535 11 United Kingdom 238,511 64 Hungary 24,376 12 Nigeria 225,693 65 Israel 24,136 13 Vietnam 191,017 66 Belarus 23,524 14 Korea 175,820 67 UAE 20,678 15 Italy 155,978 68 New Zealand 17,086 16 Ukraine 126,194 69 Slovenia 16,053 17 Poland 124,141 70 Slovakia 15,939 18 Mexico 116,132 71 Ecuador 15,002 19 Canada 104,511 72 Guatemala 14,887 20 Spain 96,988 73 Bolivia 14,154 21 Taiwan 87,385 74 Norway 14,033 22 Kenya 83,902 75 Jamaica 12,736 23 Egypt 83,458 76 Cambodia 12,701 24 Iran 82,388 77 Greece 12,612 25 Ethiopia 81,905 78 Ireland 12,410 26 Netherlands 74,019 79 Dominican Rep. 11,200 27 Malaysia 71,743 80 Tunisia 11,031 28 Turkey 70,099 81 El Salvador 10,794 29 Tanzania 68,878 82 Jordan 10,153 30 Australia 66,345 83 Lebanon 9,831 31 Argentina 62,309 84 Bosnia and Herzegovina 9,662 32 South Africa 58,877 85 Honduras 9,576 33 Sweden 57,964 86 Paraguay 8,538 34 Belgium 55,595 87 Kuwait 8,371 35 Romania 54,192 88 Costa Rica 8,364 36 Uzbekistan 50,977 89 Puerto Rico 8,007 37 Venezuela 48,916 90 Uruguay 7,732 38 Afghanistan 47,611 91 Croatia 7,403 39 Finland 44,681 92 Lithuania 6,035 40 Syria 43,323 93 Panama 5,987 41 Ghana 42,022 94 Albania 5,514 42 Switzerland 41,371 95 Nicaragua 5,344 43 Austria 41,181 96 Pakistan 4,898 44 Mozambique 40,627 97 Latvia 3,929 45 Sri Lanka 38,043 98 Macedonia 3,585 46 Nepal 37,830 99 Trinidad & Tobago 2,825 47 Uganda 37,618 100 Cyprus 2,206 48 Algeria 35,032 101 Bahrain 2,181 49 Thailand 34,984 102 Luxembourg 1,663 50 Saudi Arabia 34,328 103 Macau 1,459 51 Portugal 33,339 104 Brunei 1,320 52 Philippines 32,969 105 Bermuda 414 53 Singapore 32,188




8. COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROFESSIONALS & TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS


Computer and Network Operators and Web Technicians

Computer Programmers and Interactive Media Developers

Database Analysts and Data Administrators

Information Systems Analysts and Consultants

Software Engineers

Systems Testing Technicians

User Support Technicians

Web Designers and Developers

Figure 8.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Computer and Information Systems Professionals & Technical Occupations

Obviously the USA is by far the largest source pool of computer and information systems professionals, followed by Russia and then India. Germany, China, and Italy all have labour pools of computer professionals and technicians which are larger than that of Canada. Mexico is a strong candidate with a labour pool that is only slightly smaller than that of Canada. Among OECD countries, the US leads in annual computer science graduates with over 52,000 per year followed




by Mexico with over 18,000, the UK with 17,000, France with 11,000 and Australia with 7,000. It should be noted that Australia’s largest immigrant occupation is computer and information technology, indicating that Australia is unlikely to be a good source for IT workers. Among non-OECD countries, tertiary educational enrollment is growing fast in India with 40% growth in total tertiary education enrollment over the last 5 years (2001-2006) with 13.9M enrolled annually. Growth in tertiary education enrollment in China has been over 149% and Pakistan has been over 220% over the same period. Annual enrollments in these two countries are 23M and 1.2M students respectively. Although these enrollment numbers include all students enrolled (not only those in IT and computer programs), the high level of educational growth makes these countries good potential targets for recruitment of IT professionals and technicians.




Table 8.1 Total Computer and Information Systems Professionals & Technical Occupations Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 United States 3,467,295 54 El Salvador 44,275 2 Russia 1,490,037 55 Syria 43,200 3 India 1,296,023 56 Hungary 42,721 4 Japan 1,099,901 57 Peru 41,920 5 Brazil 1,037,827 58 Jordan 40,026 6 Germany 593,467 59 Afghanistan 38,147 7 Italy 566,287 60 Honduras 37,494 8 China 482,096 61 Hong Kong 37,048 9 Canada 441,264 62 Denmark 36,974 10 Mexico 414,169 63 Algeria 36,787 11 Australia 409,515 64 Sri Lanka 36,702 12 United Kingdom 375,431 65 Kuwait 36,274 13 Spain 323,125 66 Lebanon 35,241 14 Indonesia 322,350 67 Bosnia and Herzegovina 34,422 15 Bangladesh 283,356 68 Ghana 33,916 16 France 282,856 69 Puerto Rico 32,899 17 Korea 271,279 70 Mozambique 32,789 18 Turkey 249,916 71 Kazakhstan 32,463 19 Venezuela 203,798 72 Morocco 29,692 20 Nigeria 202,978 73 Croatia 29,613 21 Taiwan 197,696 74 Paraguay 28,289 22 Colombia 188,813 75 Bulgaria 28,212 23 Ukraine 185,060 76 Panama 24,860 24 Vietnam 176,566 77 Uganda 24,275 25 Malaysia 168,840 78 Finland 22,606 26 Nepal 148,385 79 Sudan 21,392 27 South Africa 143,338 80 Ecuador 20,695 28 Saudi Arabia 142,867 81 Pakistan 20,067 29 Sweden 140,815 82 Albania 19,294 30 Argentina 138,243 83 Dominican Rep. 14,944 31 Chile 122,278 84 Cambodia 14,837 32 Czech Republic 99,523 85 Jamaica 14,363 33 Singapore 98,318 86 Guatemala 12,210 34 Iran 92,771 87 Switzerland 11,945 35 Egypt 92,538 88 Macedonia 11,706 36 Israel 89,703 89 Trinidad & Tobago 11,217 37 Philippines 88,844 90 Tunisia 10,903 38 Austria 81,734 91 Slovenia 10,421 39 Belarus 80,565 92 Greece 10,408 40 Kenya 72,305 93 Bahrain 9,249 41 Portugal 68,914 94 Thailand 9,101 42 UAE 67,168 95 Uruguay 8,850 43 Ethiopia 65,958 96 Latvia 8,066 44 Bolivia 65,530 97 Macau 6,234 45 Poland 64,938 98 Costa Rica 6,085 46 New Zealand 61,330 99 Nicaragua 5,637 47 Romania 60,762 100 Brunei 5,410 48 Belgium 59,060 101 Ireland 5,407 49 Netherlands 56,411 102 Lithuania 3,072 50 Norway 55,529 103 Luxembourg 2,034 51 Tanzania 54,700 104 Bermuda 1,683 52 Slovakia 49,549 105 Cyprus 326 53 Uzbekistan 48,297




9. PHYSICIANS, DENTISTS AND VETERINARIANS


Dentists

General Practitioners and Family Physicians

Specialist Physicians

Veterinarians

Figure 9.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Physicians, Dentists and Veterinarians

The US, UK, and Australia all represent strong candidates for recruitment of doctors, dentists and veterinarians. China, India, Russia, and Mexico also represent good source countries, however, credentials and training levels present a problem.




Table 9.1 Total Physicians, Dentists and Veterinarians Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 1,531,608 54 Malaysia 25,710 2 United States 1,447,971 55 Dominican Rep. 25,514 3 India 792,619 56 Denmark 23,374 4 Russia 663,572 57 Uruguay 23,261 5 Brazil 485,348 58 Slovakia 21,325 6 Japan 395,619 59 Norway 20,708 7 Germany 379,814 60 Morocco 20,297 8 Mexico 348,957 61 Jordan 19,454 9 Italy 296,200 62 Taiwan 18,665 10 France 266,939 63 Bolivia 17,569 11 United Kingdom 260,366 64 Lebanon 16,884 12 Spain 193,163 65 Tunisia 16,213 13 Australia 184,952 66 New Zealand 16,051 14 Ukraine 166,598 67 Ireland 15,710 15 Korea 138,814 68 Lithuania 15,193 16 Turkey 134,184 69 Hong Kong 15,140 17 Pakistan 126,173 70 Guatemala 14,700 18 Argentina 119,120 71 Croatia 14,660 19 Poland 105,962 72 Sri Lanka 14,452 20 Canada 101,643 73 El Salvador 13,007 21 Colombia 100,004 74 Paraguay 10,741 22 Iran 82,375 75 Kenya 10,432 23 Uzbekistan 76,224 76 Latvia 10,374 24 Vietnam 71,342 77 Sudan 10,048 25 Venezuela 70,741 78 Costa Rica 9,654 26 Philippines 68,347 79 Panama 9,070 27 Netherlands 66,691 80 Singapore 8,884 28 Greece 65,021 81 UAE 8,654 29 Kazakhstan 62,113 82 Bosnia and Herzegovina 7,086 30 Belgium 61,123 83 Afghanistan 7,018 31 Bangladesh 59,981 84 Nepal 6,925 32 Egypt 57,585 85 Honduras 6,787 33 Belarus 52,342 86 Cambodia 6,690 34 Nigeria 50,247 87 Slovenia 6,680 35 Algeria 49,459 88 Ethiopia 6,451 36 Czech Republic 46,863 89 Macedonia 5,981 37 Romania 45,579 90 Ghana 5,874 38 Indonesia 43,830 91 Puerto Rico 5,778 39 Portugal 43,409 92 Kuwait 5,345 40 Bulgaria 42,959 93 Albania 4,185 41 South Africa 42,566 94 Jamaica 4,075 42 Syria 41,703 95 Uganda 3,687 43 Saudi Arabia 40,833 96 Tanzania 3,635 44 Thailand 40,340 97 Cyprus 3,169 45 Sweden 39,640 98 Mozambique 2,841 46 Peru 37,855 99 Nicaragua 2,592 47 Israel 37,526 100 Luxembourg 1,615 48 Hungary 37,009 101 Trinidad & Tobago 1,371 49 Switzerland 35,439 102 Bahrain 1,349 50 Austria 35,391 103 Bermuda 655 51 Chile 27,531 104 Brunei 545 52 Finland 25,991 105 Macau 479 53 Ecuador 25,743




10. OPTOMETRISTS, CHIROPRACTORS AND OTHER HEALTH DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PROFESSIONALS


Chiropractors

Optometrists

Other Professional Occupations in Health Diagnosing and Treating

Figure 10.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Optometrists, Chiropractors and Other Health Diagnosing and Treating Professionals

The US, Germany, India, China, Russia, France, Italy, and the UK represent the top-tier larger labour pools for workers in these occupations. As with many professional health occupations, Australia and New Zealand present opportunities for recruiting of younger workers who are looking for an opportunity to travel internationally and improve their career by working abroad.




Table 10.1 Total Optometrists, Chiropractors and Other Health Diagnosing and Treating Professionals Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 United States 173,121 54 Sweden 3,325 2 China 101,354 55 Bulgaria 3,271 3 Germany 56,604 56 Czech Republic 3,222 4 Russia 49,865 57 Denmark 3,121 5 France 37,287 58 Afghanistan 2,893 6 Japan 36,779 59 Israel 2,835 7 Brazil 34,295 60 Saudi Arabia 2,671 8 India 29,023 61 Ghana 2,644 9 Italy 24,039 62 Algeria 2,579 10 Indonesia 24,004 63 Mozambique 2,556 11 Spain 23,537 64 Finland 2,520 12 United Kingdom 22,552 65 Sri Lanka 2,433 13 Bangladesh 21,660 66 El Salvador 2,161 14 Korea 16,719 67 New Zealand 1,963 15 Canada 15,053 68 Ecuador 1,932 16 Vietnam 12,022 69 Hong Kong 1,877 17 Nigeria 11,950 70 Sudan 1,667 18 Poland 11,672 71 Bolivia 1,617 19 Australia 11,294 72 Slovakia 1,566 20 Argentina 10,746 73 Tunisia 1,551 21 Venezuela 10,225 74 Greece 1,528 22 Taiwan 9,100 75 Lithuania 1,450 23 Uzbekistan 8,362 76 Ireland 1,448 24 South Africa 8,161 77 Uruguay 1,426 25 Mexico 7,167 78 Tanzania 1,201 26 Philippines 7,019 79 Lebanon 1,118 27 Egypt 6,555 80 Guatemala 1,071 28 Ukraine 6,448 81 Latvia 1,028 29 Norway 5,658 82 Paraguay 999 30 Pakistan 5,167 83 Jordan 991 31 Ethiopia 5,150 84 UAE 976 32 Iran 5,032 85 Puerto Rico 969 33 Syria 4,978 86 Kuwait 889 34 Kenya 4,938 87 Cambodia 827 35 Dominican Rep. 4,656 88 Uganda 821 36 Thailand 4,638 89 Bosnia and Herzegovina 800 37 Morocco 4,261 90 Croatia 800 38 Turkey 4,184 91 Slovenia 702 39 Belgium 4,159 92 Panama 571 40 Netherlands 4,153 93 Honduras 396 41 Romania 4,099 94 Bahrain 394 42 Chile 4,083 95 Trinidad & Tobago 375 43 Belarus 4,069 96 Singapore 329 44 Kazakhstan 4,064 97 Cyprus 327 45 Portugal 4,025 98 Nicaragua 293 46 Switzerland 3,854 99 Costa Rica 238 47 Austria 3,703 100 Albania 208 48 Peru 3,684 101 Bermuda 114 49 Hungary 3,670 102 Brunei 80 50 Nepal 3,639 103 Macau 64 51 Colombia 3,593 104 Luxembourg 51 52 Jamaica 3,518 105 Macedonia 30 53 Malaysia 3,471




11. PHARMACISTS, DIETICIANS AND NUTRITIONISTS


Dietitians and Nutritionists

Pharmacists

Figure 11.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Pharmacists, Dieticians and Nutritionists

Pharmacists, dietitians and nutritionists are in large supply in India and China although training credentials may pose difficulties in recruiting from these countries. The US is the largest pool of labour among developed countries. Australia, Korea, Italy, Germany, France and UK all represent smaller pools of workers in this group.




Table 11.1 Total Pharmacists, Dieticians and Nutritionists Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 India 734,851 54 Switzerland 5,642 2 China 490,784 55 Dominican Rep. 5,376 3 United States 325,796 56 Denmark 5,293 4 Japan 272,715 57 Hong Kong 5,201 5 France 79,352 58 New Zealand 5,047 6 Brazil 74,561 59 Ireland 4,888 7 Italy 71,735 60 El Salvador 4,729 8 Australia 66,574 61 Belarus 4,686 9 Germany 62,618 62 Sudan 4,427 10 Korea 62,423 63 Uzbekistan 4,347 11 United Kingdom 51,423 64 Lebanon 4,000 12 Spain 50,855 65 Ethiopia 3,967 13 Russia 34,714 66 Slovakia 3,917 14 Poland 33,709 67 Romania 3,816 15 Canada 30,956 68 Norway 3,787 16 Turkey 28,420 69 Panama 3,745 17 Ukraine 27,549 70 Malaysia 3,745 18 Peru 22,277 71 Tunisia 3,664 19 Indonesia 21,330 72 Lithuania 3,205 20 Thailand 21,058 73 Latvia 3,039 21 Venezuela 20,891 74 Costa Rica 2,920 22 Bangladesh 20,297 75 Bulgaria 2,911 23 Iran 18,501 76 Croatia 2,894 24 Jordan 18,323 77 Nicaragua 2,802 25 Belgium 16,808 78 Ghana 2,715 26 South Africa 15,146 79 Paraguay 2,426 27 Nigeria 13,184 80 Nepal 2,405 28 Kazakhstan 12,777 81 Sri Lanka 2,333 29 Vietnam 12,377 82 Uruguay 2,268 30 Argentina 12,143 83 Jamaica 2,216 31 Portugal 11,911 84 Guatemala 2,045 32 Syria 11,536 85 Afghanistan 1,996 33 Pakistan 11,176 86 Puerto Rico 1,977 34 Egypt 10,951 87 Mozambique 1,892 35 Greece 10,856 88 UAE 1,840 36 Taiwan 10,851 89 Tanzania 1,583 37 Morocco 9,439 90 Cambodia 1,552 38 Algeria 8,671 91 Singapore 1,533 39 Sweden 7,835 92 Honduras 1,436 40 Philippines 7,823 93 Uganda 1,338 41 Czech Republic 7,774 94 Kuwait 1,233 42 Hungary 7,442 95 Slovenia 1,231 43 Ecuador 7,428 96 Bosnia and Herzegovina 853 44 Mexico 7,164 97 Trinidad & Tobago 787 45 Finland 7,094 98 Bahrain 640 46 Netherlands 7,086 99 Albania 624 47 Austria 7,011 100 Luxembourg 406 48 Saudi Arabia 6,991 101 Macedonia 369 49 Chile 6,501 102 Macau 304 50 Israel 6,180 103 Cyprus 299 51 Kenya 5,892 104 Brunei 147 52 Colombia 5,788 105 Bermuda 72 53 Bolivia 5,693




12. THERAPY AND ASSESSMENT PROFESSIONALS


Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists

Occupational Therapists

Other Professional Occupations in Therapy and Assessment

Physiotherapists

Figure 12.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Therapy and Assessment Professionals

Among therapy professionals, the US and UK represent large labour supply pools as do Germany, France, Italy, Russia, China, India, Australia and Poland.




Table 12.1 Total Therapy and Assessment Professionals Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 United States 417,894 54 Colombia 7,380 2 China 234,899 55 Peru 7,027 3 Russia 116,677 56 Saudi Arabia 6,903 4 Japan 108,650 57 Afghanistan 6,801 5 Germany 100,826 58 Israel 6,675 6 France 75,177 59 Algeria 6,356 7 India 74,915 60 Ghana 6,207 8 United Kingdom 72,104 61 Mozambique 6,002 9 Brazil 60,991 62 Jamaica 5,872 10 Indonesia 54,827 63 Sri Lanka 5,135 11 Spain 53,673 64 New Zealand 5,011 12 Bangladesh 50,886 65 Philippines 5,005 13 Italy 43,931 66 Finland 4,952 14 Canada 41,569 67 Greece 4,277 15 Australia 35,087 68 El Salvador 4,236 16 Poland 31,588 69 Slovakia 4,128 17 Nigeria 28,014 70 Ecuador 3,960 18 Vietnam 26,232 71 Sudan 3,915 19 Argentina 21,399 72 Tunisia 3,589 20 Venezuela 20,906 73 Lithuania 3,524 21 Taiwan 20,452 74 Ireland 3,456 22 South Africa 19,093 75 Bolivia 3,305 23 Uzbekistan 18,856 76 Uruguay 2,829 24 Korea 18,468 77 Tanzania 2,703 25 Egypt 17,106 78 Lebanon 2,683 26 Belgium 16,702 79 Latvia 2,562 27 Mexico 14,892 80 Jordan 2,396 28 Netherlands 14,797 81 UAE 2,289 29 Ukraine 14,643 82 Guatemala 2,267 30 Iran 13,592 83 Croatia 2,122 31 Pakistan 12,274 84 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2,111 32 Ethiopia 12,107 85 Kuwait 2,094 33 Syria 11,966 86 Uganda 1,985 34 Kenya 11,806 87 Paraguay 1,971 35 Norway 11,682 88 Slovenia 1,961 36 Romania 10,828 89 Puerto Rico 1,957 37 Denmark 10,004 90 Cambodia 1,913 38 Thailand 9,950 91 Hong Kong 1,793 39 Hungary 9,872 92 Costa Rica 1,332 40 Morocco 9,842 93 Panama 1,194 41 Turkey 9,819 94 Bahrain 915 42 Austria 9,404 95 Honduras 855 43 Kazakhstan 9,388 96 Trinidad & Tobago 812 44 Dominican Rep. 9,342 97 Singapore 745 45 Belarus 9,106 98 Cyprus 732 46 Czech Republic 8,734 99 Albania 579 47 Chile 8,690 100 Nicaragua 577 48 Bulgaria 8,642 101 Bermuda 191 49 Nepal 8,517 102 Brunei 162 50 Malaysia 8,187 103 Macau 160 51 Sweden 8,085 104 Luxembourg 130 52 Portugal 7,942 105 Macedonia 55 53 Switzerland 7,474




13. NURSE SUPERVISORS AND REGISTERED NURSES


Head Nurses and Supervisors

Registered Nurses

Figure 13.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Nurse Supervisors and Registered Nurses

The US, China, Russia, India, Germany, UK, France, Ukraine, the Netherlands and Australia are among the top global employers of nurses. Shortages in all types of health workers in developed countries are likely to result in developing countries becoming the best target countries in the long-term, however credential recognition of nurses in Alberta has been difficult for workers from developing countries. As a result developed countries may represent better targets in the near term, in particular with international nurses who have worked on a short-term contract in the US, Germany, Singapore, and Australia.




Table 13.1 Total Nurse Supervisors and Registered Nurses Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 United States 2,921,384 54 Syria 34,071 2 China 1,323,190 55 Bulgaria 33,806 3 Japan 1,253,144 56 Hong Kong 29,702 4 Russia 1,098,285 57 Tunisia 25,306 5 India 927,335 58 Colombia 24,988 6 Germany 842,775 59 Argentina 23,938 7 United Kingdom 803,663 60 Sri Lanka 23,495 8 Brazil 783,660 61 Lithuania 23,162 9 France 460,412 62 Ecuador 22,813 10 Ukraine 366,004 63 Croatia 22,349 11 Italy 339,159 64 Morocco 21,988 12 Canada 329,812 65 Cambodia 21,256 13 Spain 328,181 66 Singapore 20,986 14 Uzbekistan 244,257 67 Bangladesh 20,197 15 Netherlands 236,838 68 Bolivia 18,607 16 Australia 197,107 69 Peru 18,337 17 Poland 187,908 70 Venezuela 17,468 18 Thailand 185,829 71 Sudan 17,463 19 South Africa 180,962 72 Bosnia and Herzegovina 17,060 20 Egypt 151,249 73 Jordan 16,301 21 Turkey 139,136 74 Dominican Rep. 16,294 22 Philippines 133,794 75 Ghana 15,622 23 Nigeria 128,935 76 Slovenia 15,292 24 Indonesia 127,518 77 Uganda 14,635 25 Belarus 116,489 78 Ethiopia 14,379 26 Czech Republic 103,850 79 Latvia 14,230 27 Mexico 97,141 80 UAE 13,281 28 Korea 96,988 81 Tanzania 11,154 29 Switzerland 94,535 82 Chile 10,777 30 Sweden 93,521 83 Macedonia 10,484 31 Kazakhstan 90,778 84 Honduras 10,182 32 Hungary 89,895 85 Panama 10,128 33 Iran 88,913 86 Paraguay 10,128 34 Finland 83,696 87 Puerto Rico 9,916 35 Austria 79,988 88 Kuwait 9,785 36 Romania 77,903 89 Albania 7,381 37 Saudi Arabia 73,260 90 Nicaragua 6,011 38 Norway 72,858 91 Nepal 5,611 39 Belgium 67,795 92 El Salvador 5,424 40 Ireland 67,471 93 Luxembourg 4,651 41 Algeria 64,487 94 Afghanistan 4,384 42 Denmark 56,784 95 Costa Rica 4,351 43 Guatemala 50,816 96 Jamaica 4,237 44 Greece 49,356 97 Lebanon 4,112 45 Pakistan 47,986 98 Trinidad & Tobago 3,957 46 Portugal 46,666 99 Mozambique 3,904 47 Israel 43,004 100 Uruguay 3,892 48 Vietnam 42,594 101 Cyprus 3,225 49 Malaysia 39,122 102 Bahrain 2,960 50 Kenya 38,149 103 Brunei 1,015 51 Slovakia 37,978 104 Macau 923 52 New Zealand 37,789 105 Bermuda 785 53 Taiwan 36,301




14. MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS (EXCEPT DENTAL HEALTH)


Cardiology Technologists

Electroencephalographic and Other Diagnostic Technologists, n.e.c.

Medical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Laboratory Technologists and Pathologists' Assistants

Medical Radiation Technologists

Medical Sonographers

Other Medical Technologists and Technicians (Except Dental Health)

Respiratory Therapists, Clinical Perfusionists and Cardio-Pulmonary Technologists

Veterinary and Animal Health Technologists and Technicians Figure 14.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Medical Technologists and Technicians (except dental health)

Workers in this group represent a diverse pool of occupations. Radiation technologists, for instance typically are found in higher numbers in large cancer treatment centers. The US and Russia both offer large pools of medical technicians, as does China and India. The UK, Vietnam, and Nigeria all fall in




the upper right quadrant (a) and represent good prospects for international recruitment.

Table 14.1 Total Medical Technologists and Technicians (except dental health) Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 United States 1,498,273 54 Sweden 17,499 2 China 787,470 55 Algeria 17,277 3 Russia 605,008 56 Israel 17,252 4 Japan 344,621 57 Pakistan 17,206 5 India 271,877 58 Sri Lanka 17,089 6 Indonesia 165,878 59 Austria 14,628 7 Brazil 164,025 60 New Zealand 13,934 8 Bangladesh 153,389 61 Thailand 13,140 9 Germany 110,658 62 Tanzania 13,132 10 Italy 102,548 63 Jamaica 12,329 11 United Kingdom 100,693 64 Slovakia 12,164 12 Vietnam 92,697 65 Sudan 11,683 13 Nigeria 85,677 66 Ecuador 10,455 14 Ukraine 83,530 67 El Salvador 10,155 15 France 68,886 68 Bulgaria 9,885 16 Netherlands 61,310 69 Tunisia 9,748 17 Taiwan 59,622 70 Denmark 9,444 18 Canada 58,290 71 Cambodia 8,638 19 Argentina 57,186 72 Bolivia 8,562 20 Mexico 56,496 73 UAE 7,946 21 Spain 51,655 74 Uganda 7,881 22 Uzbekistan 49,984 75 Greece 7,755 23 South Africa 48,742 76 Lebanon 6,890 24 Egypt 48,421 77 Uruguay 6,865 25 Iran 46,170 78 Guatemala 6,635 26 Poland 46,161 79 Singapore 6,589 27 Romania 45,740 80 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6,539 28 Venezuela 44,301 81 Jordan 6,298 29 Belgium 42,507 82 Croatia 6,111 30 Ethiopia 36,100 83 Hong Kong 5,944 31 Australia 35,998 84 Portugal 5,899 32 Turkey 34,166 85 Finland 5,637 33 Kenya 33,641 86 Paraguay 5,330 34 Malaysia 32,516 87 Kuwait 4,759 35 Korea 31,102 88 Puerto Rico 4,613 36 Syria 30,647 89 Ireland 4,152 37 Hungary 29,081 90 Honduras 3,759 38 Nepal 27,603 91 Costa Rica 3,556 39 Morocco 26,715 92 Panama 3,189 40 Kazakhstan 25,935 93 Lithuania 2,462 41 Czech Republic 25,299 94 Albania 2,382 42 Norway 24,194 95 Bahrain 2,009 43 Belarus 23,942 96 Nicaragua 1,904 44 Switzerland 23,838 97 Latvia 1,862 45 Philippines 22,004 98 Slovenia 1,783 46 Afghanistan 20,569 99 Trinidad & Tobago 1,745 47 Peru 20,027 100 Macedonia 855 48 Chile 19,658 101 Macau 573 49 Dominican Rep. 19,461 102 Luxembourg 539 50 Ghana 18,522 103 Brunei 459 51 Colombia 18,235 104 Cyprus 434 52 Saudi Arabia 18,159 105 Bermuda 401 53 Mozambique 17,909




15. TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS IN DENTAL HEALTH CARE


Dental Hygienists and Dental Therapists

Dental Technologists, Technicians and Laboratory Bench Workers

Denturists

Figure 15.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Technical Occupations in Dental Health Care

The US, Russia, and China represent the largest sources of labour supply for these workers. In addition to these countries, Mexico, Germany, India, the UK, France, Colombia, Italy, Argentina, Australia, and Ukraine all have a large labour supply of dentists—from a recruiting standpoint, efforts to attract dentists can likely be easily coordinated with recruiting of technical workers in dental health care.




Table 15.1 Total Technical Occupations in Dental Health Care Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 463,743 54 Colombia 7,704 2 United States 316,336 55 Israel 6,856 3 Russia 236,263 56 Saudi Arabia 6,787 4 Japan 130,029 57 Hungary 6,219 5 Indonesia 95,457 58 Jamaica 5,928 6 Brazil 90,467 59 Slovakia 5,798 7 India 83,064 60 El Salvador 5,751 8 Bangladesh 72,743 61 Belgium 5,712 9 Germany 51,749 62 Sudan 5,556 10 Vietnam 46,333 63 Bolivia 5,035 11 Italy 41,014 64 Sweden 4,876 12 Ukraine 39,149 65 Tunisia 4,811 13 Taiwan 39,036 66 Ecuador 4,695 14 Nigeria 36,948 67 New Zealand 4,617 15 Canada 31,441 68 Bulgaria 4,517 16 Iran 30,031 69 UAE 4,138 17 France 26,760 70 Cambodia 3,990 18 Argentina 25,593 71 Austria 3,734 19 Uzbekistan 23,954 72 Lebanon 3,655 20 United Kingdom 23,153 73 Portugal 3,409 21 South Africa 22,289 74 Guatemala 3,250 22 Venezuela 21,723 75 Uruguay 3,182 23 Malaysia 21,346 76 Singapore 3,134 24 Turkey 19,984 77 Uganda 3,010 25 Egypt 19,948 78 Tanzania 3,004 26 Mexico 19,135 79 Finland 2,936 27 Romania 18,099 80 Jordan 2,667 28 Ethiopia 17,182 81 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2,651 29 Syria 16,039 82 Croatia 2,558 30 Spain 15,927 83 Honduras 2,463 31 Nepal 14,791 84 Costa Rica 2,331 32 Morocco 13,101 85 Greece 2,295 33 Kenya 12,497 86 Denmark 2,222 34 Czech Republic 11,793 87 Puerto Rico 2,147 35 Switzerland 11,665 88 Paraguay 2,127 36 Belarus 11,377 89 Hong Kong 1,860 37 Philippines 11,117 90 Kuwait 1,548 38 Sri Lanka 10,831 91 Panama 1,536 39 Norway 10,829 92 Ireland 1,255 40 Chile 10,719 93 Lithuania 1,016 41 Peru 10,622 94 Slovenia 950 42 Poland 10,298 95 Macedonia 941 43 Kazakhstan 9,885 96 Trinidad & Tobago 829 44 Afghanistan 9,860 97 Bahrain 735 45 Netherlands 9,831 98 Nicaragua 729 46 Pakistan 9,156 99 Latvia 718 47 Dominican Rep. 9,153 100 Albania 575 48 Thailand 9,109 101 Brunei 212 49 Korea 8,897 102 Cyprus 203 50 Ghana 8,811 103 Macau 197 51 Algeria 8,562 104 Bermuda 193 52 Mozambique 8,519 105 Luxembourg 181 53 Australia 8,322




16. OTHER TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS IN HEALTH CARE (EXCEPT DENTAL)


Ambulance Attendants and Other Paramedical Occupations

Licensed Practical Nurses

Midwives and Practitioners of Natural Healing

Opticians

Other Technical Occupations in Therapy and Assessment

Figure 16.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Other Technical Occupations in Health Care (except dental)

Workers for these occupations tend to follow that of other medical occupations; however concentrations of workers differ by country. The largest supplies of LPNs are in the US, China, Russia, Germany and the UK, followed by France, Ukraine, and India. India, Nigeria, the UK, Russia, the US, China, and the Philippines represent the largest source countries for midwives. For ambulance attendants and other paramedical occupations, countries with the largest supply include China, the US, Russia, India, Bangladesh, Germany and Nigeria.




Table 16.1 Total Other Technical Occupations in Health Care (except dental) Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 United States 1,084,339 54 Ghana 21,952 2 China 935,953 55 Mozambique 21,225 3 Russia 619,715 56 Sri Lanka 20,944 4 Japan 466,475 57 Bulgaria 20,474 5 Germany 342,259 58 Tanzania 20,443 6 India 236,151 59 Israel 19,864 7 Brazil 231,058 60 Pakistan 19,104 8 United Kingdom 226,326 61 Denmark 19,058 9 Indonesia 196,817 62 Thailand 18,946 10 Bangladesh 180,861 63 Finland 18,279 11 France 177,730 64 Jamaica 17,289 12 Ukraine 171,385 65 Portugal 17,110 13 Italy 131,681 66 Greece 16,676 14 Canada 123,485 67 New Zealand 15,282 15 Nigeria 111,014 68 Hong Kong 15,007 16 Vietnam 98,793 69 Belgium 14,603 17 Netherlands 89,101 70 Sudan 13,846 18 Poland 87,712 71 Ecuador 13,462 19 Spain 87,602 72 El Salvador 13,458 20 Mexico 74,193 73 Bolivia 13,218 21 Taiwan 73,475 74 Slovakia 12,801 22 Venezuela 69,991 75 Tunisia 11,741 23 Argentina 66,657 76 Uganda 11,313 24 South Africa 60,384 77 Lithuania 10,110 25 Egypt 55,292 78 Cambodia 9,253 26 Uzbekistan 53,294 79 UAE 9,088 27 Korea 49,319 80 Uruguay 8,583 28 Iran 46,395 81 Lebanon 8,267 29 Kenya 44,409 82 Guatemala 8,193 30 Ethiopia 42,421 83 Jordan 7,808 31 Turkey 38,655 84 Kuwait 7,511 32 Switzerland 37,620 85 Puerto Rico 7,082 33 Syria 36,774 86 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6,760 34 Australia 36,079 87 Croatia 6,699 35 Norway 33,793 88 Paraguay 6,300 36 Malaysia 32,445 89 Latvia 6,102 37 Morocco 32,240 90 Singapore 5,784 38 Philippines 31,413 91 Slovenia 5,686 39 Nepal 30,834 92 Costa Rica 4,899 40 Hungary 28,818 93 Panama 4,325 41 Dominican Rep. 28,715 94 Honduras 4,244 42 Chile 28,362 95 Nicaragua 3,482 43 Austria 28,206 96 Bahrain 2,887 44 Peru 27,731 97 Ireland 2,819 45 Kazakhstan 27,482 98 Trinidad & Tobago 2,792 46 Czech Republic 26,038 99 Albania 2,103 47 Belarus 25,635 100 Luxembourg 754 48 Romania 24,680 101 Brunei 736 49 Afghanistan 24,194 102 Macau 658 50 Algeria 23,236 103 Macedonia 594 51 Saudi Arabia 23,124 104 Bermuda 562 52 Sweden 22,434 105 Cyprus 314 53 Colombia 21,971




17. ASSISTING OCCUPATIONS IN SUPPORT OF HEALTH SERVICES


Dental Assistants

Nurse Aides, Orderlies and Patient Service Associates

Other Assisting Occupations in Support of Health Services

Figure 17.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Assisting Occupations in Support of Health Services

Assisting occupations in support of healthcare are in supply in many countries and recruiting efforts might be easily combined with recruiting of technical health workers. The largest supply of workers are in the US followed by China, India, Russia, Germany, the UK, France, Ukraine, Bangladesh, and Mexico. Educational requirements for workers in these occupations generally are not as high for workers in these occupations as compared to other technical workers in healthcare. As a result, it is more likely that recruiting from developing countries is likely to be successful for these workers, where wage increases are a primary motivator for immigration. Jamaica, Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria, Vietnam, and other poorer nations in the top right quadrant (a) make good targets both because of




wage differences and relative ease of integration of workers into the Calgary workforce.

Table 17.1 Total Assisting Occupations in Support of Health Services Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 United States 3,573,540 54 Belarus 49,663 2 China 1,968,623 55 Bulgaria 48,239 3 India 1,407,960 56 Israel 48,140 4 Russia 1,196,050 57 Sri Lanka 47,304 5 Germany 901,990 58 Ghana 45,896 6 Brazil 676,495 59 Portugal 45,713 7 Japan 556,059 60 Mozambique 44,378 8 United Kingdom 548,677 61 Denmark 43,685 9 France 471,374 62 Colombia 42,628 10 Ukraine 450,415 63 Romania 40,486 11 Indonesia 439,573 64 Greece 36,665 12 Bangladesh 377,418 65 New Zealand 34,080 13 Mexico 279,819 66 Jamaica 33,212 14 Canada 259,256 67 El Salvador 30,370 15 Italy 256,138 68 Bolivia 30,225 16 Pakistan 226,483 69 Ecuador 29,828 17 Poland 222,042 70 Tanzania 29,189 18 Nigeria 219,815 71 Sudan 28,951 19 Spain 215,472 72 Slovakia 27,849 20 Netherlands 201,136 73 Tunisia 25,451 21 Vietnam 200,655 74 Lithuania 22,623 22 South Africa 163,054 75 Lebanon 19,883 23 Venezuela 162,267 76 Guatemala 18,079 24 Egypt 117,517 77 Cambodia 17,714 25 Turkey 117,331 78 Jordan 17,529 26 Korea 115,079 79 Uganda 17,299 27 Argentina 114,216 80 Uruguay 17,261 28 Uzbekistan 103,720 81 Kuwait 16,892 29 Taiwan 103,577 82 Bosnia and Herzegovina 15,183 30 Iran 93,606 83 Croatia 14,999 31 Ethiopia 89,956 84 Slovenia 14,480 32 Syria 88,405 85 Puerto Rico 14,363 33 Switzerland 87,614 86 Costa Rica 14,000 34 Kenya 83,766 87 UAE 13,724 35 Norway 77,290 88 Latvia 13,292 36 Australia 76,543 89 Hong Kong 13,144 37 Morocco 69,823 90 Belgium 12,749 38 Austria 68,278 91 Singapore 11,628 39 Philippines 67,940 92 Paraguay 11,565 40 Chile 63,926 93 Panama 10,117 41 Nepal 62,087 94 Honduras 8,630 42 Dominican Rep. 61,271 95 Nicaragua 6,768 43 Hungary 60,433 96 Bahrain 6,714 44 Malaysia 59,531 97 Trinidad & Tobago 6,422 45 Czech Republic 57,683 98 Ireland 4,967 46 Thailand 57,396 99 Albania 4,063 47 Peru 54,571 100 Luxembourg 1,830 48 Sweden 53,816 101 Brunei 1,364 49 Kazakhstan 51,674 102 Macau 1,193 50 Finland 51,162 103 Bermuda 1,081 51 Algeria 50,858 104 Macedonia 1,060 52 Saudi Arabia 50,842 105 Cyprus 518 53 Afghanistan 50,479




18. SECONDARY AND ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AND EDUCATIONAL COUNSELORS


Educational Counsellors

Elementary School and Kindergarten Teachers

Secondary School Teachers

Figure 18.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Secondary and Elementary School Teachers and Educational Counsellors

Over the last five years (2002-2007) the number of Alberta teaching authorities issued to workers educated abroad was highest for Australia (84 authorities issued) followed by the UK (64), South Africa (35), New Zealand (34), India (34), France (32), the Netherlands (18), Russia (18) and China (16). Conceivably, these countries represent the best targets for further recruitment efforts as credentials from workers have been recognized.




Table 18.1 Total Secondary and Elementary School Teachers and Educational Counsellors Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 12,131,956 54 Chile 145,258 2 India 7,473,576 55 Hungary 140,607 3 United States 3,770,521 56 Israel 137,334 4 Indonesia 2,795,680 57 Tunisia 136,110 5 Brazil 2,692,853 58 Ethiopia 131,486 6 Russia 1,702,538 59 Belarus 131,246 7 Mexico 1,230,127 60 Guatemala 130,484 8 Japan 1,072,708 61 Denmark 130,059 9 Germany 959,931 62 Bolivia 117,507 10 Egypt 940,111 63 Czech Republic 116,984 11 Iran 887,774 64 Austria 113,186 12 Vietnam 813,606 65 Sudan 94,699 13 Nigeria 807,564 66 Norway 92,125 14 Bangladesh 805,246 67 Finland 90,217 15 Italy 763,009 68 Dominican Rep. 88,261 16 France 759,222 69 Afghanistan 86,290 17 Pakistan 711,024 70 Paraguay 84,619 18 United Kingdom 692,822 71 Cambodia 84,265 19 Philippines 574,518 72 Jordan 80,164 20 Canada 570,580 73 Bulgaria 77,140 21 Poland 540,989 74 Lebanon 75,503 22 Spain 524,502 75 New Zealand 73,509 23 Thailand 518,064 76 Mozambique 73,383 24 Ukraine 457,467 77 Ireland 70,945 25 South Africa 422,897 78 Slovakia 70,706 26 Australia 396,078 79 Switzerland 69,523 27 Uzbekistan 394,585 80 Honduras 67,205 28 Venezuela 389,679 81 El Salvador 62,180 29 Saudi Arabia 388,673 82 Lithuania 60,192 30 Colombia 381,948 83 Uruguay 57,946 31 Peru 381,442 84 Hong Kong 57,248 32 Korea 379,942 85 Croatia 50,558 33 Malaysia 378,073 86 Costa Rica 48,406 34 Algeria 359,696 87 Nicaragua 43,697 35 Argentina 342,018 88 Bosnia and Herzegovina 43,231 36 Romania 328,259 89 Kuwait 42,440 37 Turkey 311,960 90 Albania 41,176 38 Netherlands 259,190 91 UAE 40,851 39 Morocco 258,850 92 Singapore 40,758 40 Kazakhstan 255,261 93 Puerto Rico 40,490 41 Kenya 245,351 94 Panama 37,736 42 Sri Lanka 206,631 95 Latvia 37,013 43 Syria 202,136 96 Jamaica 36,662 44 Uganda 190,750 97 Slovenia 23,754 45 Sweden 176,517 98 Macedonia 20,604 46 Tanzania 176,281 99 Trinidad & Tobago 13,957 47 Ecuador 174,134 100 Bahrain 11,253 48 Greece 170,466 101 Cyprus 9,917 49 Ghana 167,999 102 Brunei 9,646 50 Nepal 163,557 103 Luxembourg 7,065 51 Belgium 162,883 104 Macau 4,412 52 Portugal 159,410 105 Bermuda 1,921 53 Taiwan 158,775




19. MACHINE OPERATORS AND RELATED WORKERS IN METAL AND MINERAL PRODUCTS PROCESSING


Concrete, Clay and Stone Forming Operators

Foundry Workers

Glass Forming and Finishing Machine Operators and Glass Cutters

Inspectors and Testers, Mineral and Metal Processing

Machine Operators, Mineral and Metal Processing

Figure 19.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Machine Operators and Related Workers in Metal and Mineral Products Processing

India, Russia, the US, Germany, the UK, China, Bangladesh and Romania all represent large supply countries for machine operators in metal and mineral products processing. The supply of workers from India, China, Bangladesh and Romania are target countries where wage differentials are likely to motivate workers. As with all trades, one of two attraction strategies may be attempted—one of recruiting trained workers and another or recruiting untrained workers who must be trained in Alberta. Countries with a large supply of both trained and




untrained workers present some of the best targets as these countries can be targeted for both strategies.

Table 19.1 Total Machine Operators and Related Workers in Metal and Mineral Products Processing Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 India 644,287 54 Bulgaria 18,700 2 Russia 595,059 55 Kazakhstan 17,117 3 United States 545,870 56 Belgium 16,376 4 Germany 388,771 57 Sudan 16,229 5 Ukraine 310,591 58 Finland 15,329 6 China 293,032 59 Slovakia 15,309 7 Indonesia 239,135 60 Uganda 14,294 8 Bangladesh 215,809 61 Saudi Arabia 13,251 9 Romania 182,512 62 Singapore 12,971 10 Spain 169,144 63 Australia 12,351 11 Mexico 165,095 64 Denmark 11,835 12 Italy 131,826 65 Cambodia 11,738 13 Japan 123,065 66 Bolivia 11,449 14 Poland 117,650 67 UAE 11,027 15 Vietnam 104,332 68 Tunisia 10,809 16 Nigeria 103,140 69 El Salvador 10,197 17 United Kingdom 101,420 70 Israel 9,902 18 France 91,034 71 Pakistan 9,634 19 Iran 88,775 72 Ireland 9,373 20 Turkey 85,047 73 Honduras 8,695 21 Korea 73,482 74 Lithuania 8,591 22 Malaysia 59,070 75 Ecuador 8,375 23 Greece 56,043 76 Guatemala 8,316 24 Taiwan 55,417 77 Lebanon 7,825 25 Portugal 52,048 78 Dominican Rep. 7,184 26 Thailand 50,833 79 Norway 7,014 27 Brazil 50,321 80 Sweden 6,830 28 Ethiopia 50,191 81 Slovenia 6,663 29 Uzbekistan 49,437 82 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6,662 30 Canada 46,161 83 Switzerland 6,246 31 South Africa 45,714 84 Croatia 6,189 32 Egypt 44,438 85 New Zealand 5,696 33 Philippines 40,073 86 Costa Rica 5,644 34 Netherlands 35,318 87 Jordan 4,800 35 Nepal 35,098 88 Latvia 4,667 36 Syria 33,791 89 Macedonia 4,302 37 Colombia 31,564 90 Uruguay 3,836 38 Czech Republic 31,502 91 Cyprus 3,034 39 Argentina 29,732 92 Panama 2,944 40 Hungary 29,683 93 Paraguay 2,901 41 Afghanistan 29,503 94 Puerto Rico 2,560 42 Morocco 29,156 95 Nicaragua 2,056 43 Sri Lanka 26,143 96 Trinidad & Tobago 1,278 44 Ghana 25,728 97 Albania 1,238 45 Kenya 25,602 98 Hong Kong 1,231 46 Mozambique 24,874 99 Luxembourg 1,123 47 Venezuela 24,646 100 Macau 469 48 Peru 23,647 101 Bahrain 362 49 Algeria 22,921 102 Kuwait 260 50 Belarus 22,572 103 Brunei 254 51 Austria 20,737 104 Jamaica 189 52 Tanzania 20,395 105 Bermuda 6 53 Chile 19,344




20. AUDITORS, ACCOUNTANTS AND INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS


Financial and Investment Analysts

Financial Auditors and Accountants

Other Financial Officers

Securities Agents, Investment Dealers and Brokers

Figure 20.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Auditors, Accountants and Investment Professionals

Accountants and Auditors are in large supply in China, the US, India, Russia, Bangladesh, and Nigeria. Outsourcing of accounting functions to Indian and Russian firms suggests that both of these countries present good sources of worker supply, although Canada has not traditionally been a top destination for emigrates from Russia. The UK, Germany and Poland represent additional sources of supply. Canada is the fourth largest destination country of Polish emigrates and third largest of UK emigrates, providing an existing immigrant community for these workers. The existing immigrant community is likely to help




immigrants from Poland to more easily overcome the cultural and language barriers of immigration to Alberta. Australia and New Zealand also present good sources of supply, in particular for attracting younger workers seeking short-term working contracts.

Table 20.1 Total Auditors, Accountants and Investment Professionals Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 3,936,343 54 Belarus 60,195 2 United States 2,671,140 55 Ecuador 58,240 3 India 1,417,875 56 Bulgaria 57,895 4 Japan 1,408,497 57 Switzerland 56,260 5 Russia 1,014,735 58 UAE 55,122 6 Indonesia 986,496 59 Cambodia 54,568 7 Bangladesh 940,979 60 Hungary 52,141 8 Brazil 721,010 61 Bolivia 50,430 9 Nigeria 676,582 62 Argentina 48,391 10 Vietnam 631,000 63 Jamaica 47,167 11 Italy 498,518 64 Norway 44,740 12 Canada 409,910 65 New Zealand 44,693 13 United Kingdom 388,718 66 Guatemala 43,755 14 Germany 366,579 67 Slovakia 40,556 15 Poland 321,571 68 Dominican Rep. 40,409 16 Australia 321,408 69 Lithuania 38,587 17 Mexico 279,224 70 Denmark 37,788 18 Pakistan 264,840 71 El Salvador 34,869 19 Egypt 258,283 72 Tunisia 33,307 20 Iran 233,085 73 Hong Kong 32,756 21 Kenya 229,738 74 Korea 32,360 22 Tanzania 221,965 75 Honduras 32,176 23 Ethiopia 218,034 76 Kuwait 30,639 24 Turkey 200,989 77 Jordan 30,569 25 Colombia 174,910 78 Costa Rica 28,549 26 Venezuela 161,633 79 Puerto Rico 27,786 27 Philippines 161,352 80 Uruguay 27,385 28 Ukraine 150,057 81 Ireland 27,223 29 Thailand 149,568 82 Croatia 27,022 30 Netherlands 144,294 83 Paraguay 26,187 31 Uzbekistan 129,932 84 Bosnia and Herzegovina 24,811 32 Afghanistan 126,484 85 Lebanon 24,748 33 Chile 126,222 86 Singapore 22,734 34 Nepal 117,933 87 Finland 21,462 35 Peru 117,714 88 Austria 20,846 36 Sri Lanka 114,923 89 Portugal 20,774 37 Saudi Arabia 113,685 90 Panama 19,805 38 Ghana 112,090 91 France 19,264 39 Algeria 109,466 92 Nicaragua 18,656 40 Syria 109,033 93 Romania 18,617 41 Mozambique 108,368 94 Albania 15,513 42 Taiwan 105,289 95 Latvia 13,824 43 Sweden 102,894 96 Trinidad & Tobago 11,842 44 Uganda 97,502 97 Greece 9,788 45 Kazakhstan 92,305 98 Macedonia 9,252 46 Morocco 91,111 99 Bahrain 7,182 47 Czech Republic 81,824 100 Slovenia 5,625 48 Spain 80,969 101 Luxembourg 5,324 49 Malaysia 76,734 102 Macau 5,312 50 South Africa 71,584 103 Brunei 5,015 51 Belgium 71,092 104 Cyprus 3,731 52 Sudan 70,702 105 Bermuda 1,535 53 Israel 63,227




21. FINANCE AND INSURANCE CLERKS


Accounting and Related Clerks

Banking, Insurance and Other Financial Clerks

Collectors

Customer Service Representatives - Financial Services

Payroll Clerks

Figure 21.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Finance and Insurance Clerks

Hong Kong, the UK and the US represents some of the largest financial centers in the world in terms of transactions, however banking and finance clerks are in relatively large supply in a number of countries. China, India, Russia, Bangladesh, and Germany all fall in the top ten countries for labour supply of finance and insurance clerks.




Table 21.1 Total Finance and Insurance Clerks Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 5,663,829 54 Uganda 114,078 2 United States 4,664,739 55 Czech Republic 112,401 3 India 3,261,325 56 Finland 110,209 4 Japan 2,649,173 57 Sweden 104,939 5 Indonesia 1,514,934 58 Hong Kong 103,170 6 Russia 1,254,455 59 Cambodia 91,351 7 Brazil 1,180,431 60 Belgium 85,419 8 Bangladesh 1,111,905 61 Sudan 83,092 9 Germany 1,042,465 62 Denmark 82,246 10 United Kingdom 915,691 63 Ecuador 81,265 11 France 905,251 64 Belarus 79,036 12 Nigeria 759,261 65 Bolivia 71,238 13 Vietnam 701,312 66 Greece 65,927 14 Mexico 649,522 67 Israel 64,473 15 Italy 581,323 68 Dominican Rep. 59,925 16 Spain 521,731 69 UAE 59,308 17 Canada 439,631 70 Portugal 55,878 18 Philippines 376,510 71 Norway 54,080 19 Iran 345,760 72 Slovakia 54,057 20 Egypt 330,650 73 Guatemala 54,040 21 Australia 323,208 74 El Salvador 50,529 22 Kenya 256,717 75 Singapore 49,427 23 Ethiopia 255,646 76 Tunisia 48,638 24 Tanzania 255,355 77 New Zealand 48,512 25 Colombia 244,228 78 Jamaica 45,819 26 Turkey 225,151 79 Honduras 45,132 27 South Africa 224,248 80 Ireland 42,247 28 Venezuela 219,038 81 Croatia 40,196 29 Austria 209,478 82 Uruguay 36,179 30 Taiwan 208,221 83 Jordan 35,597 31 Thailand 206,845 84 Costa Rica 32,497 32 Ukraine 203,020 85 Paraguay 32,266 33 Poland 192,061 86 Puerto Rico 30,951 34 Argentina 182,421 87 Kuwait 30,397 35 Chile 173,539 88 Bosnia and Herzegovina 30,014 36 Uzbekistan 170,640 89 Lebanon 27,271 37 Peru 168,621 90 Slovenia 26,795 38 Nepal 167,488 91 Nicaragua 25,664 39 Malaysia 167,380 92 Panama 25,182 40 Hungary 165,640 93 Romania 17,852 41 Netherlands 152,782 94 Albania 15,958 42 Korea 150,008 95 Trinidad & Tobago 15,957 43 Afghanistan 149,218 96 Cyprus 14,877 44 Switzerland 143,658 97 Lithuania 13,592 45 Algeria 140,301 98 Latvia 12,510 46 Sri Lanka 137,789 99 Macedonia 11,772 47 Morocco 132,959 100 Bulgaria 8,380 48 Saudi Arabia 132,628 101 Bahrain 7,478 49 Ghana 131,731 102 Macau 7,015 50 Mozambique 127,358 103 Luxembourg 5,386 51 Kazakhstan 120,401 104 Brunei 4,765 52 Syria 119,490 105 Bermuda 1,491 53 Pakistan 117,073




22. PLUMBERS, PIPEFITTERS AND GAS FITTERS


Gas Fitters

Plumbers

Steamfitters, Pipefitters and Sprinkler System Installers

Figure 22.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Plumbers, Pipefitters and Gas Fitters

China, India, Bangladesh, Germany, the US, Russia and Mexico all represent large supplies of plumbers, pipe fitters and gas fitter trades workers. The relative proximity of Mexico to Canada offers advantages for recruiting workers and Mexico’s pool of unskilled labour makes it an excellent target for a dual approach of recruiting trained and ready-to-train workers.




Table 22.1 Total Plumbers, Pipefitters and Gas Fitters Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 2,738,376 54 Pakistan 35,317 2 India 1,875,713 55 Kazakhstan 34,113 3 Brazil 977,694 56 Portugal 33,942 4 Bangladesh 965,758 57 Peru 31,102 5 Germany 581,729 58 Thailand 27,852 6 Nigeria 530,561 59 Switzerland 25,759 7 United States 516,985 60 Belgium 25,675 8 Indonesia 383,998 61 Sri Lanka 24,770 9 Russia 370,163 62 Belarus 22,351 10 Mexico 308,541 63 Ecuador 19,533 11 Japan 302,195 64 Cambodia 19,140 12 Spain 282,053 65 Tunisia 18,377 13 Tanzania 267,258 66 Finland 16,773 14 France 233,486 67 Ireland 16,611 15 Ethiopia 219,615 68 Syria 16,547 16 United Kingdom 216,952 69 Dominican Rep. 15,766 17 Vietnam 205,602 70 Denmark 15,698 18 Turkey 164,671 71 Paraguay 15,358 19 Iran 159,123 72 Singapore 15,349 20 Kenya 144,608 73 New Zealand 14,420 21 Korea 130,899 74 Lithuania 14,084 22 Afghanistan 128,703 75 Nicaragua 13,255 23 Uganda 126,128 76 Costa Rica 12,769 24 South Africa 121,069 77 El Salvador 12,748 25 Italy 117,451 78 Bulgaria 12,506 26 Ghana 112,638 79 Honduras 11,865 27 Egypt 111,425 80 Israel 11,844 28 Mozambique 108,897 81 Bolivia 11,429 29 Argentina 93,977 82 Norway 11,305 30 Poland 88,461 83 Bosnia and Herzegovina 10,468 31 Malaysia 85,706 84 UAE 10,456 32 Canada 84,936 85 Slovakia 10,121 33 Australia 81,017 86 Croatia 10,096 34 Ukraine 75,484 87 Jordan 8,774 35 Sudan 71,048 88 Puerto Rico 7,057 36 Algeria 69,870 89 Uruguay 6,961 37 Austria 64,831 90 Panama 6,613 38 Venezuela 60,975 91 Trinidad & Tobago 4,925 39 Taiwan 57,295 92 Slovenia 4,361 40 Colombia 56,862 93 Kuwait 4,194 41 Netherlands 56,480 94 Lebanon 3,805 42 Nepal 53,564 95 Albania 3,737 43 Saudi Arabia 50,770 96 Macedonia 3,304 44 Morocco 49,570 97 Cyprus 3,188 45 Uzbekistan 48,766 98 Latvia 3,097 46 Hungary 45,526 99 Macau 2,388 47 Sweden 42,840 100 Luxembourg 2,365 48 Philippines 38,207 101 Bahrain 1,343 49 Hong Kong 38,065 102 Jamaica 1,298 50 Romania 37,231 103 Brunei 274 51 Czech Republic 37,229 104 Bermuda 42 52 Guatemala 36,649 105 Greece - 53 Chile 36,528




23. CARPENTERS AND CABINETMAKERS


Cabinetmakers

Carpenters

Figure 23.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Carpenters and Cabinetmakers

China, India, Bangladesh, Philippines and Nigeria represent the largest labour pool of trained carpenters and cabinetmakers among developing countries. The US, Germany, and Spain represent pools of trained workers in developed countries, although it should be noted that Canada is not in the top ten destinations for emigrates from Spain. As with other trades, the developing countries listed above provide good sources for recruiting of both trained and untrained labour. Poland, Germany South Africa, Turkey and Portugal, Hungary, and Jamaica all have relatively large pools of craft and trades workers who are unemployed, although in the case of Germany, structural unemployment is generally high with the social support system providing little incentive to seek work.




Table 23.1 Carpenters and Cabinetmakers Employed in each Country Rank Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 4,746,827 54 Chile 68,145 2 India 2,974,007 55 Guatemala 65,678 3 Brazil 1,665,648 56 Switzerland 64,539 4 Bangladesh 1,542,232 57 Czech Republic 63,896 5 Spain 1,131,667 58 Pakistan 63,111 6 United States 1,104,450 59 Peru 56,857 7 Philippines 929,729 60 Finland 55,938 8 Nigeria 834,731 61 Bulgaria 55,116 9 Germany 788,740 62 Kazakhstan 51,592 10 Japan 706,975 63 Sri Lanka 47,844 11 Indonesia 643,903 64 Denmark 46,732 12 Mexico 598,435 65 Lithuania 41,450 13 Russia 563,483 66 Slovakia 38,540 14 France 494,905 67 Belarus 35,879 15 Poland 442,426 68 Syria 35,221 16 Tanzania 414,292 69 Ecuador 33,205 17 Vietnam 368,760 70 Cambodia 33,185 18 Ethiopia 350,709 71 Tunisia 31,414 19 Thailand 339,626 72 Latvia 31,286 20 Portugal 327,344 73 Singapore 28,631 21 United Kingdom 308,972 74 Dominican Rep. 27,290 22 Turkey 292,507 75 Paraguay 27,197 23 Italy 278,550 76 Hong Kong 26,223 24 Iran 277,592 77 Norway 24,059 25 Korea 261,416 78 El Salvador 24,043 26 Romania 239,480 79 New Zealand 23,470 27 Ukraine 233,197 80 Nicaragua 23,343 28 Kenya 226,134 81 Slovenia 22,476 29 Afghanistan 205,609 82 Honduras 22,330 30 Uganda 197,953 83 Bolivia 20,506 31 South Africa 191,720 84 Israel 20,260 32 Ghana 179,836 85 Cyprus 19,282 33 Egypt 178,952 86 UAE 18,810 34 Argentina 176,995 87 Bosnia and Herzegovina 16,968 35 Mozambique 173,862 88 Croatia 16,316 36 Canada 157,938 89 Jordan 14,098 37 Malaysia 153,956 90 Uruguay 12,720 38 Netherlands 149,673 91 Puerto Rico 12,159 39 Australia 126,164 92 Panama 12,076 40 Colombia 124,467 93 Costa Rica 10,268 41 Sudan 113,434 94 Greece 8,598 42 Algeria 110,744 95 Trinidad & Tobago 8,422 43 Austria 108,908 96 Lebanon 8,123 44 Venezuela 108,792 97 Macedonia 6,080 45 Taiwan 108,142 98 Kuwait 6,022 46 Hungary 100,891 99 Luxembourg 5,914 47 Nepal 95,863 100 Albania 5,824 48 Belgium 86,569 101 Macau 3,841 49 Morocco 84,737 102 Bahrain 1,989 50 Sweden 79,054 103 Jamaica 1,823 51 Uzbekistan 78,170 104 Brunei 465 52 Saudi Arabia 77,741 105 Bermuda 59 53 Ireland 75,828




24. MASONRY AND PLASTERING TRADES


Bricklayers

Concrete Finishers

Plasterers, Drywall Installers and Finishers and Lathers

Tilesetters

Figure 24.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Masonry and Plastering Trades

China, India, Bangladesh, Nigeria and Mexico represent large pools of trained masonry and plastering tradespersons in developing countries. The US, Germany and Russia represent top supply sources for trained workers among developed countries. As mentioned previously, the proximity of labour supply in Mexico makes the country an important target for labour attraction.




Table 24.1 Masonry and Plastering Trades Employed in each Country Rank Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 1,828,289 54 Czech Republic 24,619 2 India 1,205,116 55 Chile 24,480 3 Bangladesh 707,361 56 Pakistan 24,032 4 Brazil 645,946 57 Belgium 21,778 5 United States 576,957 58 Kazakhstan 20,006 6 Nigeria 381,526 59 Hong Kong 19,166 7 Japan 343,267 60 Peru 18,957 8 Germany 291,925 61 Switzerland 17,383 9 Spain 276,769 62 Ireland 16,181 10 Indonesia 243,704 63 Sri Lanka 15,792 11 Russia 217,643 64 Denmark 15,619 12 Mexico 212,460 65 Tunisia 12,584 13 Tanzania 197,574 66 Belarus 12,243 14 France 176,853 67 Ecuador 12,243 15 United Kingdom 175,405 68 Finland 12,073 16 Ethiopia 160,749 69 Cambodia 12,013 17 Philippines 150,041 70 Bulgaria 11,618 18 Vietnam 146,595 71 Paraguay 11,167 19 Iran 110,904 72 Lithuania 9,949 20 Turkey 105,121 73 Dominican Rep. 9,685 21 Kenya 101,749 74 Singapore 9,598 22 Afghanistan 94,166 75 New Zealand 9,554 23 Uganda 93,429 76 Nicaragua 9,534 24 Korea 92,484 77 Syria 8,886 25 Italy 85,126 78 El Salvador 8,436 26 Poland 84,827 79 Honduras 7,853 27 Ghana 82,399 80 Slovakia 7,393 28 Mozambique 79,663 81 Norway 7,328 29 Egypt 72,799 82 Israel 7,294 30 South Africa 70,024 83 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6,819 31 Argentina 63,387 84 Croatia 6,569 32 Thailand 62,492 85 Bolivia 6,171 33 Malaysia 59,642 86 UAE 5,844 34 Ukraine 57,462 87 Jordan 5,413 35 Australia 52,886 88 Panama 4,517 36 Canada 52,431 89 Uruguay 4,493 37 Sudan 51,975 90 Puerto Rico 4,326 38 Algeria 47,918 91 Slovenia 3,615 39 Portugal 45,726 92 Trinidad & Tobago 3,323 40 Colombia 43,691 93 Latvia 3,142 41 Netherlands 41,014 94 Cyprus 3,088 42 Venezuela 40,666 95 Albania 2,367 43 Taiwan 38,533 96 Kuwait 2,180 44 Nepal 36,374 97 Macedonia 2,128 45 Costa Rica 34,646 98 Lebanon 2,050 46 Morocco 33,881 99 Luxembourg 1,841 47 Saudi Arabia 33,189 100 Macau 1,679 48 Romania 28,680 101 Greece 940 49 Hungary 28,220 102 Bahrain 757 50 Sweden 27,569 103 Jamaica 404 51 Guatemala 27,224 104 Brunei 72 52 Uzbekistan 26,697 105 Bermuda 13 53 Austria 25,874




25. OTHER CONSTRUCTION TRADES


Floor Covering Installers

Glaziers

Insulators

Painters and Decorators

Roofers and Shinglers

Figure 25.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Other Construction Trades

Workers supply for these occupations is generally similar to that of other construction trades. Recruiting efforts for workers in these trades, whether recruiting trained or untrained workers, can be conducted jointly with any other trades recruiting efforts.




Table 25.1 Total Other Construction Trades Employed in each Country Rank Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 3,053,952 54 Austria 34,813 2 India 1,992,908 55 Kazakhstan 34,699 3 Bangladesh 1,108,930 56 Romania 33,613 4 Brazil 1,106,142 57 Hong Kong 32,407 5 Nigeria 599,752 58 Sweden 30,287 6 United States 524,118 59 Sri Lanka 28,043 7 Germany 481,807 60 Switzerland 24,135 8 Japan 456,529 61 Belgium 21,788 9 Indonesia 415,541 62 Cambodia 21,415 10 Russia 371,499 63 Ecuador 21,385 11 Mexico 353,838 64 Belarus 21,295 12 Tanzania 307,567 65 Tunisia 20,712 13 United Kingdom 273,655 66 Paraguay 17,623 14 Ethiopia 251,905 67 Dominican Rep. 17,293 15 Spain 239,896 68 Singapore 16,702 16 Vietnam 235,966 69 Syria 16,615 17 Colombia 205,567 70 New Zealand 16,042 18 France 184,882 71 Nicaragua 15,480 19 Turkey 181,773 72 Ireland 15,208 20 Iran 180,282 73 El Salvador 14,363 21 Kenya 160,780 74 Costa Rica 13,987 22 Korea 149,591 75 Honduras 13,335 23 Afghanistan 147,645 76 Finland 13,060 24 Uganda 144,887 77 Denmark 12,933 25 Italy 132,836 78 Israel 12,670 26 Ghana 129,221 79 Bolivia 12,508 27 Mozambique 124,927 80 Norway 11,872 28 South Africa 123,319 81 Lithuania 11,597 29 Egypt 121,058 82 Bosnia and Herzegovina 11,247 30 Argentina 106,209 83 Croatia 10,858 31 Malaysia 98,026 84 Bulgaria 10,785 32 Canada 89,930 85 UAE 10,011 33 Australia 89,633 86 Slovakia 9,979 34 Sudan 81,507 87 Jordan 9,180 35 Poland 77,599 88 Uruguay 7,640 36 Algeria 77,596 89 Panama 7,474 37 Ukraine 76,629 90 Puerto Rico 7,390 38 Venezuela 69,555 91 Trinidad & Tobago 5,321 39 Taiwan 65,349 92 Slovenia 4,115 40 Nepal 60,417 93 Albania 3,961 41 Philippines 56,623 94 Kuwait 3,946 42 Morocco 55,839 95 Lebanon 3,828 43 Saudi Arabia 54,576 96 Macedonia 3,550 44 Uzbekistan 46,440 97 Latvia 3,429 45 Netherlands 46,160 98 Macau 2,743 46 Guatemala 42,042 99 Cyprus 2,699 47 Czech Republic 40,454 100 Luxembourg 1,936 48 Chile 40,242 101 Jamaica 1,390 49 Pakistan 39,902 102 Bahrain 1,358 50 Hungary 39,239 103 Brunei 178 51 Thailand 36,976 104 Bermuda 45 52 Portugal 36,603 105 Greece - 53 Peru 35,985




26. ELECTRICAL TRADES AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS OCCUPATIONS


Cable Television Service and Maintenance Technicians

Electrical Power Line and Cable Workers

Electricians (Except Industrial and Power System)

Industrial Electricians

Power System Electricians

Telecommunications Installation and Repair Workers

Telecommunications Line and Cable Workers

Figure 26.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Electrical Trades and Telecommunications Occupations

Due to very strong growth in the construction industry in India and China, electrical trades workers are in very high supply and demand in these countries. Bangladesh, Brazil and the US all have pools of these workers in excess of 1 million workers, although it should be noted that Canada is not in the top 10 destinations for emigrates from Brazil. Russia, Nigeria, Mexico, and Ukraine all have large supplies of these workers.




Table 26.1 Total Workers in Electrical Trades and Telecommunications Occupations Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 7,192,152 54 Hong Kong 61,833 2 India 3,662,103 55 Portugal 60,046 3 Brazil 1,785,467 56 Belarus 56,045 4 Bangladesh 1,370,758 57 Hungary 54,035 5 United States 1,299,038 58 Guatemala 53,843 6 Russia 836,692 59 Netherlands 52,397 7 Nigeria 791,291 60 Sri Lanka 51,276 8 Indonesia 788,313 61 Belgium 41,244 9 Japan 717,062 62 Switzerland 40,786 10 Mexico 563,181 63 Ireland 39,391 11 Ukraine 403,024 64 Bulgaria 39,032 12 Tanzania 367,357 65 Ecuador 37,866 13 Germany 337,312 66 Cambodia 34,779 14 Vietnam 328,677 67 Syria 33,853 15 Iran 315,776 68 Dominican Rep. 30,962 16 Ethiopia 312,074 69 Denmark 30,955 17 Turkey 311,945 70 Singapore 30,912 18 United Kingdom 310,248 71 Tunisia 30,533 19 Korea 297,164 72 Bolivia 27,892 20 Poland 273,704 73 Finland 27,380 21 France 273,565 74 Slovakia 25,094 22 Italy 225,394 75 New Zealand 24,188 23 Colombia 223,013 76 El Salvador 23,913 24 Kenya 218,756 77 Paraguay 23,362 25 South Africa 218,370 78 Israel 22,736 26 Australia 208,500 79 Honduras 21,634 27 Egypt 206,247 80 Costa Rica 21,565 28 Philippines 190,349 81 Norway 21,327 29 Spain 188,888 82 Nicaragua 20,059 30 Afghanistan 182,855 83 Bosnia and Herzegovina 20,010 31 Argentina 175,768 84 Croatia 19,328 32 Thailand 174,839 85 UAE 18,537 33 Uganda 171,931 86 Jordan 17,558 34 Canada 170,725 87 Latvia 16,149 35 Ghana 160,070 88 Uruguay 13,453 36 Malaysia 157,778 89 Puerto Rico 13,081 37 Mozambique 154,758 90 Panama 12,967 38 Romania 144,996 91 Lithuania 11,531 39 Pakistan 139,049 92 Slovenia 11,120 40 Austria 124,790 93 Greece 8,872 41 Uzbekistan 122,144 94 Trinidad & Tobago 8,752 42 Venezuela 114,486 95 Lebanon 7,796 43 Algeria 113,800 96 Kuwait 6,812 44 Nepal 112,262 97 Albania 6,774 45 Sudan 100,966 98 Macedonia 5,885 46 Taiwan 100,837 99 Cyprus 4,913 47 Saudi Arabia 82,564 100 Macau 3,960 48 Morocco 82,412 101 Jamaica 2,813 49 Kazakhstan 75,338 102 Bahrain 2,126 50 Czech Republic 71,195 103 Luxembourg 738 51 Chile 70,533 104 Brunei 718 52 Peru 69,126 105 Bermuda 91 53 Sweden 68,576




27. MACHINISTS AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS


Machinists and Machining and Tooling Inspectors

Tool and Die Makers

Figure 27.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Machinists and Related Occupations

Manufacturing economies, in particular China and Germany have the largest pools of these workers. There is also significant supply of machinists in India, Russia, Poland, France and the US. Canada is in the top 10 destination countries for emigrates from each of these countries with the exception of Russia.




Table 27.1 Total Machinists and Related Occupations Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 2,898,164 54 Greece 31,197 2 Germany 1,369,957 55 Switzerland 30,141 3 India 1,070,479 56 Chile 29,819 4 Russia 923,344 57 Finland 27,504 5 Brazil 812,821 58 Singapore 26,741 6 Poland 695,412 59 Kazakhstan 24,616 7 France 535,864 60 Slovakia 23,836 8 United States 473,179 61 Sweden 21,394 9 Japan 391,099 62 Sudan 21,076 10 Indonesia 383,397 63 Cambodia 19,934 11 Bangladesh 278,870 64 Saudi Arabia 19,432 12 Turkey 252,257 65 Bolivia 18,745 13 Romania 222,916 66 UAE 17,408 14 Mexico 209,644 67 Tunisia 16,573 15 Spain 185,734 68 El Salvador 16,051 16 Italy 167,377 69 Israel 15,860 17 Vietnam 166,518 70 Lithuania 14,749 18 Hungary 141,964 71 United Kingdom 14,088 19 Iran 141,392 72 Tanzania 13,965 20 South Africa 137,521 73 Honduras 13,747 21 Nigeria 132,314 74 Ecuador 13,714 22 Ukraine 112,208 75 Uganda 13,707 23 Korea 111,971 76 Lebanon 12,445 24 Taiwan 92,869 77 Dominican Rep. 12,081 25 Malaysia 90,818 78 New Zealand 11,773 26 Austria 85,832 79 Guatemala 11,664 27 Colombia 84,003 80 Norway 10,861 28 Argentina 78,117 81 Bosnia and Herzegovina 10,361 29 Canada 77,258 82 Croatia 9,610 30 Uzbekistan 73,045 83 Costa Rica 8,847 31 Pakistan 70,903 84 Jordan 7,513 32 Egypt 70,314 85 Slovenia 6,696 33 Ethiopia 64,975 86 Macedonia 6,607 34 Nepal 57,339 87 Uruguay 6,181 35 Syria 53,763 88 Belgium 4,678 36 Bulgaria 52,666 89 Panama 4,557 37 Thailand 50,435 90 Hong Kong 4,262 38 Czech Republic 48,029 91 Puerto Rico 4,175 39 Morocco 44,729 92 Paraguay 3,991 40 Sri Lanka 43,026 93 Nicaragua 2,954 41 Philippines 41,588 94 Latvia 2,330 42 Netherlands 39,690 95 Albania 1,947 43 Venezuela 39,195 96 Trinidad & Tobago 1,691 44 Afghanistan 38,244 97 Ireland 1,193 45 Peru 38,060 98 Jamaica 789 46 Portugal 37,354 99 Macau 729 47 Australia 37,205 100 Bahrain 597 48 Ghana 33,413 101 Kuwait 580 49 Belarus 33,360 102 Brunei 463 50 Algeria 33,001 103 Cyprus 92 51 Kenya 32,770 104 Luxembourg 68 52 Mozambique 32,303 105 Bermuda 26 53 Denmark 31,777




28. METAL FORMING, SHAPING AND ERECTING TRADES


Blacksmiths and Die Setters

Boilermakers

Ironworkers

Sheet Metal Workers

Structural Metal and Platework Fabricators and Fitters

Welders and Related Machine Operators

Figure 28.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Metal Forming, Shaping and Erecting Trades

Metal forming trades workers are present in several developing countries including China, India, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Mexico (although it should be noted that the supply of workers from Mexico is roughly the same size as Nigeria). Russia, the US and Germany represent key sources of labour from developed countries. Recent layoffs in the US “rust belt” (Ohio and Michigan, in particular) are likely to present good labour sources for workers looking for stable employment opportunities in addition to supply from Mexico.




Table 28.1 Metal Forming, Shaping and Erecting Trades Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 2,862,770 54 Netherlands 61,724 2 India 2,402,086 55 Chile 55,644 3 Russia 1,551,694 56 Belarus 51,089 4 Brazil 1,505,000 57 Kazakhstan 50,632 5 Bangladesh 862,956 58 Saudi Arabia 48,926 6 United States 785,433 59 Singapore 39,690 7 Indonesia 698,770 60 Hungary 39,535 8 Germany 656,586 61 Cambodia 38,374 9 Nigeria 448,150 62 Guatemala 33,688 10 Japan 405,713 63 Slovakia 33,004 11 Mexico 400,542 64 Bulgaria 31,163 12 Turkey 381,728 65 Tunisia 30,533 13 Ukraine 367,187 66 Austria 27,949 14 Vietnam 327,269 67 Finland 27,565 15 Romania 313,167 68 Bolivia 26,826 16 Spain 251,411 69 Sweden 26,663 17 Italy 251,228 70 Ecuador 25,296 18 Iran 250,186 71 El Salvador 24,698 19 Philippines 247,835 72 UAE 24,531 20 South Africa 225,496 73 Israel 24,149 21 Ethiopia 196,756 74 Dominican Rep. 22,905 22 Korea 186,246 75 Honduras 22,731 23 France 172,121 76 Denmark 21,251 24 Tanzania 168,778 77 New Zealand 20,995 25 United Kingdom 153,331 78 Costa Rica 19,319 26 Poland 152,216 79 Norway 18,973 27 Malaysia 146,632 80 Bosnia and Herzegovina 17,123 28 Egypt 142,650 81 Croatia 16,154 29 Canada 140,973 82 Lebanon 15,894 30 Argentina 138,208 83 Ireland 15,063 31 Taiwan 134,895 84 Jordan 13,372 32 Pakistan 123,071 85 Paraguay 13,278 33 Kenya 118,727 86 Lithuania 13,270 34 Afghanistan 116,313 87 Nicaragua 11,455 35 Thailand 112,767 88 Hong Kong 11,102 36 Uzbekistan 111,811 89 Uruguay 10,629 37 Ghana 101,534 90 Macedonia 9,120 38 Nepal 99,132 91 Panama 8,985 39 Colombia 98,733 92 Slovenia 8,842 40 Mozambique 98,162 93 Switzerland 8,715 41 Uganda 87,515 94 Puerto Rico 8,175 42 Greece 86,576 95 Latvia 8,064 43 Belgium 83,990 96 Albania 4,982 44 Morocco 82,683 97 Trinidad & Tobago 4,659 45 Venezuela 78,872 98 Cyprus 4,134 46 Algeria 76,727 99 Kuwait 3,049 47 Portugal 75,427 100 Jamaica 2,694 48 Australia 73,793 101 Macau 2,023 49 Czech Republic 72,527 102 Luxembourg 1,944 50 Syria 68,788 103 Bahrain 1,489 51 Sudan 64,044 104 Brunei 684 52 Sri Lanka 63,998 105 Bermuda 88 53 Peru 62,677




29. MACHINERY AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MECHANICS


Aircraft Mechanics and Aircraft Inspectors

Construction Millwrights and Industrial Mechanics (Except Textile)

Elevator Constructors and Mechanics

Heavy-Duty Equipment Mechanics

Machine Fitters

Railway Carmen/women

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Mechanics

Textile Machinery Mechanics and Repairers

Figure 29.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Machinery and Transportation Equipment Mechanics

The US and Japan are the only developed countries in the top ten countries for labour supply of machinery mechanics. Canada is in the top ten destinations for workers from Japan, however historically, there has been relatively low immigration from Japan to Calgary (and Japan’s low score on the labour supply/demand index has led us to generally exclude the country as a potential




labour source). The developing countries with large labour pools include India, China, Bangladesh, and Nigeria.

Table 29.1 Total Machinery and Transportation Equipment Mechanics Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 India 4,543,057 54 Chile 64,335 2 China 3,120,712 55 Saudi Arabia 63,482 3 Brazil 2,028,477 56 Austria 61,830 4 United States 1,066,938 57 Syria 56,014 5 Indonesia 1,043,983 58 Hungary 54,870 6 Bangladesh 989,173 59 Belarus 54,233 7 Russia 695,796 60 Guatemala 41,203 8 Japan 640,129 61 Ecuador 39,840 9 Nigeria 563,388 62 Tunisia 38,335 10 Mexico 547,298 63 Singapore 37,491 11 Germany 513,964 64 Belgium 34,578 12 Turkey 458,258 65 Bolivia 33,973 13 Vietnam 386,247 66 Portugal 33,826 14 Ukraine 357,178 67 Dominican Rep. 32,002 15 Korea 282,207 68 Slovakia 29,358 16 United Kingdom 277,369 69 El Salvador 27,930 17 France 271,708 70 Honduras 27,263 18 South Africa 268,977 71 Finland 26,530 19 Iran 264,126 72 Hong Kong 25,970 20 Italy 258,571 73 Switzerland 24,896 21 Spain 248,905 74 UAE 24,709 22 Tanzania 227,250 75 New Zealand 24,452 23 Ethiopia 225,008 76 Israel 24,320 24 Egypt 201,830 77 Bulgaria 23,157 25 Thailand 198,797 78 Norway 23,133 26 Colombia 167,570 79 Denmark 20,464 27 Canada 162,657 80 Bosnia and Herzegovina 19,778 28 Kenya 156,493 81 Costa Rica 19,192 29 Poland 152,088 82 Croatia 19,031 30 Pakistan 147,781 83 Paraguay 17,511 31 Argentina 147,198 84 Ireland 17,452 32 Sweden 143,999 85 Jordan 16,838 33 Malaysia 138,640 86 Nicaragua 15,590 34 Afghanistan 133,054 87 Slovenia 13,102 35 Nepal 119,491 88 Lithuania 13,070 36 Taiwan 119,113 89 Lebanon 12,904 37 Uzbekistan 118,498 90 Uruguay 12,604 38 Ghana 115,904 91 Latvia 12,369 39 Philippines 113,875 92 Greece 11,994 40 Mozambique 112,055 93 Puerto Rico 11,189 41 Uganda 108,875 94 Panama 10,682 42 Morocco 104,827 95 Macedonia 8,494 43 Venezuela 100,032 96 Albania 8,004 44 Algeria 95,163 97 Kuwait 6,656 45 Australia 91,347 98 Trinidad & Tobago 6,479 46 Peru 75,024 99 Jamaica 4,205 47 Kazakhstan 74,200 100 Macau 2,573 48 Sudan 73,109 101 Cyprus 2,428 49 Romania 70,066 102 Bahrain 2,269 50 Czech Republic 69,664 103 Luxembourg 1,367 51 Cambodia 67,411 104 Brunei 960 52 Sri Lanka 66,009 105 Bermuda 137 53 Netherlands 64,472




30. AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE TECHNICIANS


Automotive Service Technicians, Truck Mechanics and Mechanical Repairers

Motor Vehicle Body Repairers

Figure 30.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Automotive Service Technicians

The US, China, India, Mexico, Russia, Germany and Turkey are all included in the top ten countries with large labour pools of automotive service technicians. As previously notes, the developing countries in the list present good opportunities for recruiting both trained and untrained workers.




Table 30.1 Total Automotive Service Technicians Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 1,880,811 54 Dominican Rep. 39,208 2 India 1,519,977 55 Singapore 38,408 3 United States 1,066,281 56 Syria 38,227 4 Brazil 917,771 57 Czech Republic 37,911 5 Japan 650,000 58 Ecuador 36,807 6 Mexico 537,533 59 Ghana 35,713 7 Indonesia 513,709 60 Mozambique 34,527 8 Russia 464,311 61 Portugal 32,082 9 Germany 411,438 62 Belgium 30,869 10 Turkey 309,520 63 Belarus 30,386 11 Bangladesh 302,898 64 Finland 28,346 12 Italy 228,800 65 Hong Kong 27,590 13 France 224,880 66 Norway 23,337 14 United Kingdom 222,004 67 Switzerland 23,123 15 Korea 217,970 68 Slovakia 23,087 16 Ukraine 201,065 69 Sudan 22,527 17 Nigeria 184,771 70 Israel 21,261 18 Spain 182,562 71 Tunisia 20,641 19 Canada 177,085 72 Uganda 20,623 20 Vietnam 163,479 73 New Zealand 20,587 21 Argentina 154,573 74 Honduras 20,410 22 Colombia 148,909 75 Denmark 20,364 23 Iran 147,919 76 Ireland 19,427 24 Australia 139,368 77 El Salvador 19,006 25 South Africa 138,732 78 Nicaragua 17,588 26 Sweden 135,868 79 Costa Rica 17,171 27 Thailand 125,507 80 Bulgaria 16,336 28 Peru 122,288 81 Jamaica 14,007 29 Egypt 119,511 82 Bosnia and Herzegovina 13,743 30 Venezuela 113,007 83 Lithuania 13,548 31 Taiwan 107,615 84 Croatia 12,556 32 Malaysia 96,870 85 Uruguay 12,424 33 Poland 96,511 86 Guatemala 12,330 34 Philippines 91,926 87 UAE 12,328 35 Pakistan 83,878 88 Jordan 12,087 36 Netherlands 75,963 89 Latvia 11,547 37 Nepal 67,392 90 Slovenia 11,471 38 Uzbekistan 66,285 91 Panama 11,398 39 Ethiopia 61,776 92 Greece 11,210 40 Kenya 61,247 93 Puerto Rico 10,640 41 Algeria 56,775 94 Paraguay 9,732 42 Morocco 56,348 95 Lebanon 8,654 43 Tanzania 56,080 96 Kuwait 7,318 44 Austria 53,572 97 Albania 5,580 45 Chile 50,812 98 Macedonia 4,265 46 Sri Lanka 48,284 99 Trinidad & Tobago 4,149 47 Kazakhstan 48,163 100 Cyprus 3,344 48 Saudi Arabia 47,484 101 Bahrain 2,496 49 Hungary 46,832 102 Macau 1,808 50 Cambodia 43,950 103 Luxembourg 1,584 51 Afghanistan 40,765 104 Brunei 925 52 Bolivia 40,658 105 Bermuda 455 53 Romania 39,209




31. OTHER MECHANICS


Electric Appliance Servicers and Repairers

Electrical Mechanics

Motorcycle and Other Related Mechanics

Oil and Solid Fuel Heating Mechanics

Other Small Engine and Equipment Mechanics

Figure 31.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Other Mechanics

India, China, the US, Bangladesh, Mexico, Russia and Germany are all included in the top ten countries for pools of mechanics in this occupational group.




Table 31.1 Total Other Mechanics Employed in each Country Rank Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 India 363,306 54 Kazakhstan 8,759 2 China 362,527 55 Austria 8,284 3 Brazil 320,987 56 Sudan 8,066 4 United States 190,205 57 Portugal 7,862 5 Japan 125,899 58 Cambodia 7,784 6 Indonesia 119,158 59 Hong Kong 7,656 7 Bangladesh 109,242 60 Syria 7,631 8 Mexico 100,869 61 Ecuador 7,104 9 Russia 94,411 62 Bolivia 6,597 10 Germany 72,649 63 Belarus 6,592 11 Turkey 59,046 64 Singapore 6,245 12 Nigeria 58,459 65 Dominican Rep. 5,978 13 Ukraine 53,904 66 Switzerland 5,571 14 Korea 44,312 67 Belgium 5,155 15 France 42,641 68 Finland 4,777 16 Italy 41,260 69 Bulgaria 4,719 17 United Kingdom 38,118 70 El Salvador 4,502 18 Thailand 37,767 71 Ireland 4,469 19 Vietnam 37,387 72 Tunisia 4,424 20 South Africa 33,221 73 Guatemala 4,328 21 Iran 33,024 74 Slovakia 4,189 22 Poland 32,903 75 Denmark 4,053 23 Spain 31,152 76 Honduras 3,984 24 Canada 29,790 77 New Zealand 3,951 25 Argentina 27,595 78 Israel 3,862 26 Colombia 26,528 79 Norway 3,746 27 Philippines 26,275 80 Costa Rica 3,218 28 Ethiopia 24,240 81 Nicaragua 2,907 29 Tanzania 24,028 82 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2,839 30 Egypt 23,783 83 Croatia 2,677 31 Australia 21,045 84 UAE 2,501 32 Malaysia 20,824 85 Latvia 2,296 33 Taiwan 19,266 86 Paraguay 2,294 34 Venezuela 18,758 87 Uruguay 2,263 35 Pakistan 17,417 88 Jordan 2,199 36 Peru 17,032 89 Slovenia 2,057 37 Kenya 16,286 90 Panama 1,938 38 Sweden 15,907 91 Lithuania 1,931 39 Romania 15,034 92 Puerto Rico 1,816 40 Afghanistan 14,638 93 Lebanon 1,747 41 Uzbekistan 14,438 94 Greece 1,675 42 Nepal 13,935 95 Jamaica 1,538 43 Ghana 12,787 96 Macedonia 1,093 44 Algeria 12,531 97 Kuwait 932 45 Mozambique 12,363 98 Albania 917 46 Morocco 12,012 99 Trinidad & Tobago 832 47 Netherlands 10,797 100 Cyprus 744 48 Uganda 10,548 101 Macau 489 49 Chile 9,680 102 Bahrain 370 50 Saudi Arabia 9,666 103 Luxembourg 177 51 Hungary 9,508 104 Brunei 97 52 Czech Republic 9,340 105 Bermuda 50 53 Sri Lanka 9,213




32. UPHOLSTERERS, TAILORS, SHOE REPAIRERS, JEWELERS AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS


Jewelers, Watch Repairers and Related Occupations

Shoe Repairers and Shoemakers

Tailors, Dressmakers, Furriers and Milliners

Upholsterers

Figure 32.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Total Upholsterers, Tailors, Shoe Repairers, Jewellers and Related Occupations

Labour supplies for workers in these occupations are concentrated in four key countries: China, the Philippines, India, and Brazil. Brazil’s low immigration supply/demand index score excluded it from our pool to target countries. However, the other three countries represent very good sources of supply which are all likely to emigrate for financial reasons. Poland, Germany, Romania and Mexico all fall into the top ten countries in total labour supply, however, the largest of these- Poland- has a total labour pool that is 1/3 that of India. Recruiting from Mexico poses advantages in terms of proximity and recruiting from Poland could be conducted jointly with recruiting of carpenters and




machinists trades which are both in high supply in Poland. The US does not fall in the top ten supply countries for this occupational group (rank: 11th).

Table 32.1 Total Upholsterers, Tailors, Shoe Repairers, Jewellers and Related Occupations Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 3,007,720 54 Chile 11,108 2 Philippines 720,464 55 Bolivia 11,062 3 India 678,409 56 Afghanistan 10,679 4 Brazil 441,673 57 Czech Republic 10,654 5 Poland 268,347 58 Kenya 10,179 6 Germany 207,812 59 Ghana 9,333 7 Romania 202,594 60 Ecuador 9,120 8 Japan 199,002 61 Mozambique 9,023 9 Mexico 190,587 62 Dominican Rep. 8,843 10 Indonesia 163,749 63 Costa Rica 8,269 11 United States 133,774 64 Kazakhstan 8,248 12 Russia 126,277 65 Saudi Arabia 7,997 13 Portugal 120,307 66 Tanzania 7,818 14 Spain 104,889 67 Belarus 7,199 15 Bangladesh 78,468 68 Finland 7,080 16 Turkey 77,779 69 Belgium 6,756 17 Italy 75,202 70 Slovenia 6,058 18 Thailand 61,265 71 Sudan 5,887 19 Hungary 58,812 72 El Salvador 5,850 20 France 55,614 73 Honduras 5,763 21 Bulgaria 51,752 74 Tunisia 5,241 22 Colombia 50,129 75 Singapore 5,179 23 Vietnam 47,906 76 Slovakia 4,815 24 South Africa 43,552 77 Ireland 4,651 25 Iran 43,477 78 Sweden 4,536 26 Nigeria 38,982 79 Israel 4,416 27 Korea 38,881 80 Guatemala 4,369 28 United Kingdom 38,314 81 New Zealand 4,235 29 Canada 36,376 82 UAE 3,881 30 Ukraine 34,071 83 Nicaragua 3,666 31 Argentina 32,666 84 Uganda 3,306 32 Taiwan 28,482 85 Norway 3,288 33 Lithuania 28,386 86 Lebanon 2,977 34 Malaysia 27,969 87 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2,958 35 Egypt 27,156 88 Croatia 2,816 36 Venezuela 25,404 89 Uruguay 2,787 37 Pakistan 24,093 90 Jordan 2,563 38 Greece 23,208 91 Puerto Rico 2,489 39 Peru 23,188 92 Paraguay 2,451 40 Australia 21,305 93 Jamaica 2,047 41 Austria 19,539 94 Panama 1,955 42 Nepal 19,369 95 Cyprus 1,659 43 Netherlands 19,054 96 Macedonia 1,588 44 Hong Kong 18,863 97 Denmark 1,516 45 Ethiopia 17,264 98 Trinidad & Tobago 901 46 Uzbekistan 15,754 99 Albania 826 47 Sri Lanka 15,005 100 Kuwait 808 48 Morocco 14,265 101 Luxembourg 473 49 Syria 12,944 102 Macau 461 50 Cambodia 12,005 103 Bahrain 384 51 Algeria 11,822 104 Brunei 144 52 Switzerland 11,526 105 Bermuda 67 53 Latvia 11,159




33. PRINTING PRESS OPERATORS, COMMERCIAL DIVERS AND OTHER TRADES AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.


Commercial Divers

Other Trades and Related Occupations

Printing Press Operators

Figure 33.1 Strategic Assessment of Labour Supply for Printing Press Operators, Commercial Divers and Other Trades and Related Occupations, N.E.C.

For workers in these occupations, China and India together represent 60% of the world’s workers in these occupations. Obviously these countries represent the best sources of supply. Smaller sources of supply exist in Brazil, Indonesia, the US, Japan, Thailand, Russia, Germany and Bangladesh. Brazil, Indonesia, Japan and Thailand were not included in our top 48 countries to target for recruitment due to lower immigration supply/demand scores.




Table 33.1 Printing Press Operators, Commercial Divers and Other Trades and Related Occupations, N.E.C. Employed in each Country


(2007)Rank Country


(2007)1 China 4,776,002 54 Chile 14,205 2 India 2,107,543 55 Romania 14,125 3 Brazil 611,797 56 Ecuador 13,847 4 Indonesia 358,531 57 Switzerland 13,264 5 United States 326,793 58 Kazakhstan 11,896 6 Japan 304,959 59 Sudan 11,698 7 Thailand 218,617 60 Uganda 11,642 8 Russia 189,728 61 Dominican Rep. 11,545 9 Germany 164,963 62 Bolivia 11,130 10 Bangladesh 156,788 63 Saudi Arabia 10,775 11 Turkey 140,542 64 Guatemala 10,460 12 Vietnam 121,020 65 Tunisia 9,741 13 Mexico 108,776 66 Belgium 9,518 14 Spain 95,524 67 Austria 9,436 15 Korea 95,153 68 Denmark 9,357 16 Philippines 82,778 69 Belarus 8,945 17 Nigeria 82,767 70 Honduras 8,888 18 Iran 79,624 71 Greece 7,575 19 United Kingdom 61,829 72 El Salvador 7,170 20 Colombia 61,311 73 Finland 7,146 21 Ukraine 61,028 74 UAE 7,115 22 South Africa 55,961 75 Slovakia 7,101 23 Italy 50,844 76 Bulgaria 6,158 24 Egypt 50,680 77 Singapore 5,998 25 Malaysia 49,536 78 Israel 5,452 26 Pakistan 46,689 79 New Zealand 5,222 27 France 44,529 80 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5,029 28 Taiwan 43,996 81 Croatia 4,727 29 Nepal 37,827 82 Ireland 4,727 30 Poland 37,179 83 Lebanon 4,556 31 Ethiopia 35,936 84 Nicaragua 4,300 32 Argentina 32,269 85 Uruguay 3,996 33 Netherlands 28,736 86 Paraguay 3,930 34 Canada 28,084 87 Norway 3,745 35 Cambodia 27,696 88 Jordan 3,576 36 Venezuela 27,688 89 Costa Rica 3,163 37 Morocco 26,587 90 Lithuania 3,106 38 Australia 26,281 91 Puerto Rico 2,681 39 Sweden 24,936 92 Macedonia 2,619 40 Sri Lanka 23,349 93 Slovenia 2,542 41 Kenya 21,837 94 Latvia 2,137 42 Afghanistan 21,305 95 Panama 2,116 43 Peru 20,014 96 Albania 1,920 44 Tanzania 19,877 97 Cyprus 1,655 45 Syria 19,741 98 Trinidad & Tobago 1,389 46 Uzbekistan 19,563 99 Jamaica 1,186 47 Hong Kong 18,810 100 Kuwait 908 48 Ghana 18,545 101 Macau 865 49 Hungary 17,987 102 Luxembourg 820 50 Mozambique 17,930 103 Bahrain 434 51 Algeria 16,848 104 Brunei 279 52 Czech Republic 16,248 105 Bermuda 39 53 Portugal 15,187




34. RECRUITING OF UNSKILLED WORKERS

In addition to targeting skilled workers for recruitment, an alternative strategy for trades workers and possibly some other occupations (such as insurance clerks) is to recruit untrained workers who must be trained in Calgary. Recruitment of unskilled workers may in some cases be the most feasible option for labour attraction if licensing bodies effectively require that workers be trained in and obtain credentials in Canada. Figure 34.1 contains a plot of countries with a labor force larger than that of Canada. On the y-axis is a measure of national GDP per capita from 2005 and on the x-axis is the county’s score for the labour qualities index. The countries near the bottom of the graph indicate the largest pools of unskilled workers. Nigeria, Vietnam, the Philippines, Ethiopia, and Iran all received higher than average scores on the immigration qualities index and represent large pools of labour supply. Mexico, Russia, Bangladesh, Ukraine, China and India all appeared repeatedly in the top ten countries for skilled labour supply and these countries represent a value for attracting both skilled and unskilled labour. Brazil, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, Egypt, Colombia, and Turkey are also large sources for unskilled labour.

Figure 34.1 Large Unskilled Labour Supply Countries




35. CONCLUSIONS

Figure 35.1 Total Targeted Labour Supplies from Each Target Country

Figure 35.1 provides a total picture of labour supply that can be targeted for recruitment. Generally speaking, the best targets differ slightly from occupation to occupation; however, the larger countries in the upper quadrants represent the largest supply. In particular, we recommend coordinating recruiting efforts in the 23 countries in Table 35.1 which represent the largest total supply of all target workers with relatively higher probabilities of recruiting success. These top 23 countries represent a combined 63% of the total global workforce working in the target occupations. The list of countries also reflects countries which had relatively higher scores on the immigration demand/supply index. Some countries in the list do not match our intuition on the overall opportunity in recruiting. In particular, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Vietnam are poorer countries which were added to the list of top prospects because of the size and composition of their labour force. In addition, Canada is the second largest destination country for Vietnamese emigrates. Nigeria’s use of English language made it relatively more attractive and Bangladesh’s stock of emigrates is similar to that of the UK—over four million emigrates—and Canada is in the top ten destination countries for these immigrants.




Recruiting efforts in these three countries can be considered somewhat speculative and additional research may be needed to confirm the feasibility of recruiting certain types of workers from these countries. The countries in the list below represent either large sources of supply or supply which is very likely to immigrate to Calgary and integrate well into the Calgary workforce.

Table 35.1 Top Countries for Labour Supply of Target Occupations

Rank COUNTRY

Worker

Supply in

Target

Occupations

(2007)

Total

Employees

(2007)

Percent of

Employees

Working in

Target

Occupations

1 China 71,880,818 653,035,937 11%2 India 46,094,388 361,737,670 13%3 United States 37,882,263 141,094,529 27%4 Russia 20,410,043 70,933,485 29%5 Bangladesh 14,979,967 69,090,401 22%6 Germany 14,443,131 41,957,052 34%7 Nigeria 9,313,256 41,914,644 22%8 Mexico 8,492,912 37,684,557 23%9 United Kingdom 7,788,278 27,830,597 28%

10 France 7,649,080 25,322,084 30%11 Italy 6,645,482 23,524,656 28%12 Vietnam 6,537,721 42,672,984 15%13 Ukraine 5,549,141 20,996,651 26%14 Poland 4,875,280 16,253,997 30%15 Turkey 4,785,719 22,418,049 21%16 Philippines 4,552,528 33,297,165 14%17 Korea 4,228,549 21,532,279 20%18 Australia 3,453,583 10,591,815 33%19 Hong Kong 726,194 3,330,118 22%20 New Zealand 633,883 2,125,627 30%21 Ireland 576,727 2,074,922 28%22 Jamaica 312,534 1,094,334 29%23 Trinidad & Tobago 142,987 551,984 26%

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Calgary Economic Development · 2019-09-23 · Calgary Economic Development provides this information in good faith. However, the aforementioned organization makes no representation,