Byzantine, Islamic and Middle Ages Key Events 526 1204
Byzantine Era 526 St Benedict Establishes Monasticism 527-565 -
Reign of Eastern Emperor Justinian and his wife Theodora 622
Mohammed establishes Islam when fleeing from Mecca 700 Traditional
date of first book in English Beowulf 711-715 Conquest of North
Africa and Spain by Muslims/ Arab rule established in and around
Mediterranean 726 843 Iconoclasm movement against the veneration
(worship) of icons in Churches 768 814 Reign of Charlemagne Dec.
25, 800 Charlemagne becomes first Holy Roman Emperor 800- 900
Vikings raid northern Europe, Muslims invade Mediterranean, Magyars
invade in the East
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Byzantine, Islamic and Middle Ages Key Events 800 the book 1001
Arabian Nights first written 843 restoration of the images to
Eastern churches 1054 Break between Eastern Orthodox and Roman
Catholic Church (The Great Schism) 1071 Conquest of eastern
Byzantine provinces by Seljuks 1095-1099 First Crusade called by
Pope Urban II (Deus le volt!) 1095-1307 Era of the Crusades 1118 -
First branch of warrior monks established The Knights Templar soon
followed by the Hospitallers and Teutonic Orders 1204 Crusaders
pillage Constantinople 1304 Establishment of the Inquisition during
the Albigensian Crusade in France 1453 Fall of Constantinople to
the Turks end of Byzantine Era
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Byzantine Art Characteristics Onion Domes Pointed Arches Gilded
Mosaics Ornate interiors Patterned and inlaid floors Slim people
with small feet Small almond shaped faces, huge eyes
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Justinian as World Conqueror /(Barberini Ivory) 6 th century
Rome, Italy Relief Sculpture Most successful Byzantine Emperor
almost reconquered entire Western Empire
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Byzantine Art Hagia Sophia 532-537 Istanbul, Turkey
Architecture Artist: Anthemius and Isodorus Built under the
direction of Justinian Largest church of its time; this is the
first use of a dome with pendentives
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Byzantine Art San Vitale 526 547 Ravenna, Italy Architecture
Typical octagonal shape occurs in Byzantine style, plain exterior,
extravagant interiors
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Byzantine Art Interior San Vitale 526 547 Ravenna, Italy
Architecture/Mosaic The walls of the interior are covered from
floor to ceiling with mosaics The amount of light and angle
determines the colors and patterns you can see
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Byzantine Art Justinian Mosaic 547 Ravenna, Italy Mosaic
Byzantine mosaics are typically very colorful with a heavy use of
gold note Justinian has a halo (not a saint) He holds the bread
(the host)
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Byzantine Art Theodora Mosaic 547 Ravenna, Italy Mosaic Note
the use of gold note Theodoras halo she was no saint She carried
the cup of wine
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Sacrifice of Abel, Sacrifice of Melchisedech ca. 547 Ravenna,
Italy Mosaic The bread and wine are on the altar as the ultimate
sacrifice
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SantApollinare in Classe 533-549 Ravenna, Italy Architecture
Typical Byzantine Basilica style plain exterior
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SantApollinare in Classe Interior 533-549 Ravenna, Italy
Architecture/Mosaics Interior filled with mosaics and gold
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Saint Apollinaris Amid Sheep 533-549 Ravenna, Italy Mosaic Apse
mosaic shows Saint Apollinaris and apostles below
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Late Byzantine Art Madonna Enthroned 1270 Unknown provenance
Painting Mix of western and eastern art traditions Presentation of
Christ is Byzantine but symbol of blessing and angels in circles
are western
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Transfiguration of Jesus ca. 565 Mount Sinai, Egypt Mosaic
Monastery is located on the famed Mountain Monastery of Saint
Catherine
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Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and
George, icon 6th or early 7th century Mount Sinai, Egypt Painting 2
ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 7 3/8 in. Note shapes of bodies, heads and feet
typical Byzantine style
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Katholikon and Church of the Theotokos Katholikon early 11th
century, Church of the Theotokos, 10th century Hosios Loukas,
Greece Architecture Typical of Greek Byzantine style exterior more
detailed than rest of Empire
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Katholikon and Church of the Theotokos Plan
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Nativity of Christ inside Katholikon 11 th c. Hosios Loukas,
Greece Mosaic Art work was made to fit into the irregular shapes of
the church
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Baptism of Christ inside Katholikon 11 th c. Hosios Loukas,
Greece Mosaic Note the water effect to disguise Christs nudity and
create ripples
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Pantocrator in the Church of the Dormition 1090-1100 Daphni,
Greece Mosaic Mosaics begin to use lots of gold as a background
taking reality completely out of the art
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Crucifixion in the Church of the Dormition 1090-1100 Daphni,
Greece Mosaic Considered the Byzantine mosaic masterpiece
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Byzantine Art St. Marks Square (Piazza San Marco) Begun 1063
Architecture Venice, Italy The bell tower was rebuilt in 19 th
century due to its collapse Basilica is typical Byzantine style
onion domes, mosaic decorations
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Saint Marks Cathedral begun 1063 Venice, Italy Architecture
Onion domes and mosaics over entrance typical Byzantine style
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Byzantine Art Interior of Saint Marks (San Marco) 1063 Venice,
Italy Architecture/Mosaic Heavy use of gold mosaic Intricately
decorated marble patterned floors In typical Byzantine style in
Greek Cross plan Church was built for a large community
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Byzantine Art God Creates Eve 1200 Venice, Italy Mosaic Mosaic
work becomes very intricate with heavy use of gold, but style is
still decayed Biblical stories were told in scenes like these
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Pala dOro from Saint Marks Cathedral ca. 1105 Venice, Italy
Craftwork Made of gold cloisonn with precious stones Considered a
masterwork of craftsmanship
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Christ Pantocrater inside Cathedral at Monreale ca. 1180-1190
Monreale, Sicily, Italy Mosaic Sicily was part of the Byzantine
Empire and felt its influence heavily
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David composing the Psalms/ Paris Psalter ca. 950-970
Undetermined origination Illuminated Manuscript Best example of
Byzantine Illuminated Manuscripts from a period known as the
Macedonian Renaissance
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Anastasis ca. 1310-1320 Constantinople, (Istanbul), Turkey
Fresco Painting Anastasis means resurrection Christ is seen pulling
Adam and Eve out of their tombs in hell, nearby is King David