From 200 to 1400 Mrs. Harvey. Early Byzantine Art Justinian Era - ca. 526-ca. 725 Iconoclasm -...
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From 200 to 1400 Mrs. Harvey. Early Byzantine Art Justinian Era - ca. 526-ca. 725 Iconoclasm - 726-843 Early Medieval Art Pre-Romanesque Art Carolingian
Early Byzantine Art Justinian Era - ca. 526-ca. 725 Iconoclasm
- 726-843 Early Medieval Art Pre-Romanesque Art Carolingian Art -
750-900 Ottonian Art - 900-1002 Romanesque Art - ca. 1000ca. 1150
Early Gothic - 1140-1194 Gothic Art German Gothic -
13th-14th-centuries English Gothic - 1179-16th-century High Gothic
- 1194-1300 Proto-Renaissance in Italy- ca. 1200ca. 1400
Slide 3
The Carolingian world was essentially
_____________________Society was based on a rather rigid
_____________with the _____________at the top, the ___________and
_________________below him, and the vast sea of ___________bound to
the land at the bottom of the pyramid. There was little in the way
of city life on any scale. The outpost of rural Europe was the
miniature town known as the monastery or the stronghold of the
nobles. The rise of the ______________________ would eventually
destroy the largely ________________________society as the High
Middle Ages emerged in the eleventh century.
Slide 4
The ________________was perhaps the single most
_____________________ of in Europe during the medieval period, and
St. Gall plan reveals the activities of ideal monastic life. During
the 6 th century___________________________________. This became
the basis for later medieval monastic organization
_______________________________________________. Through an
emphasis on literacy and education, required to participate fully
in Christian life, monasteries played a vital role in continuing
and preserving Western heritage.
Slide 5
. St. Gall Monastery, plan. c. 819. 3' 8" x 2' 6".
(Switzerland) The nave and side aisles provide numerous altars
needed because each priest was required to say Mass daily.
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
___________________
Slide 6
During this period, ____________________ flourished and
expanded. ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ______________, who hoped
to benefit from their proximity. The Christian content of this
object is evident in its iconography. Reliquary in the shape of a
church. c. 1170. Height 1' 9 1/2".
Slide 7
In Europe, the period
between____________________________________
_________________________. The term Middle Ages was invented during
the Italian Renaissance to suggest that these centuries were an
interruption between the golden age of classical Greece and Rome
and the new golden age of the Renaissance. The people of the
Renaissance dismissed the Middle Ages as an interval of darkness
and cultural activity (Dark
Ages_____________________________________), but historians today
refute this characterization.
Slide 8
One unique form of painting that developed on Orthodox
Christianity was the
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
______________________________ By the later sixth century, the
faithful attributed
________________________________________________. Conservative
factions, called _____________________(image destroyers), feared
that icons themselves had become objects of worship,
__________________________________________________ They were
countered by _______________________(image venerators) who argued
that ____________________________________________________________
______________________The dispute erupted into open and sometimes
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
The term was first applied in ________________________
________________________ ________________________
________________________ Distinguished by ________________________
________________________ ________________________ Christ in Majesty
with Angels, Symbols of the Evangelists, and Saints, from San
Clemente, Tahull, Spain. c. 1123. Diameter of apse approx.
13'.
Slide 13
Slide 14
Art and the Pilgrim Manuscript _________________________
_________________________ _________________________ New development
was the revival of monumental architecture and art, i.e., Cluny The
notion of the pilgrimage, _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_____________________; pilgrim were sheltered in monasteries The
Romanesque Artist in Europe Artists organized into
__________________________ __________________________
__________________ Offered protection for the artists as a group
and promoted social prestige Few works signed from this period
Slide 15
Dover Castle. Center distance: Roman lighthouse tower, rebuilt
Anglo-Saxon church, earthworks. Center: Norman Great Tower,
surrounding earthworks and walls, 12th century. Outer walls, 13th
century. More efficient farming facilitated
___________________________, and people began to move from
_____________________________ ____________. Increased
__________________ provided resources for burgeoning
______________________in Europe. Building was focused
_____________________________ __________________
Slide 16
During the middle Ages, ________________________pr oliferated,
but their rules were similar. During the Romanesque period, most
were located in the _____________, away from the
__________________________ and other human beings. In the
___________________two new orders, the Franciscans and the
Dominicans, were approved by the pope. Cluny, mother church of a
reformed Benedictine order, became the center for learning and
patronage of art. It was the largest in Europe at the time of its
completion (consecrated 1131-1132). Romanesque monastery and third
church, reconstruction. c. 1157.
Slide 17
. The Gothic style, the preeminent style in Europe from about
__________________, was first defined in architecture and
architectural motifs throughout Gothic art. Easily identifiable
because of its unique vocabulary
_________________________________________________. Gothic
architecture seems to have been developed by
________________________(SOO-Jay) (1081-1151), friend and advisor
to French kings Louis VI and VII. Gothic emerged in the
le-de-France, the French kings domain around Paris. Within 100
years and estimated 2,700 Gothic churches, shimmering in stained
glass, were built in the le-de-France region alone!
Slide 18
Urbanization of Europe was accompanied by significant
developments of monasticism; emphasis shifted
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
________________________ In early 13 th century St. Francis of
Assisi founded the begging order. The vast majority of works are
_____________________, but we begin to find references to
________________________in a few documents, where named are praised
for their skill. Emphasis on ________________________in
__________________________ the New Testament
Slide 19
.
Slide 20
Slide 21
Slide 22
Slide 23
Here is where Gothic architecture was invented! Massive front
hall (narthex) or ________________________________________
____________________________ Rose window
________________________________________
____________________________ Twin towers
________________________________________
____________________________ ___________________ Large
______________________ Flying
________________________________________
________________________________________ ______________________
Strong ___________________________
Slide 24
St Denis, Interior Harolding the dawn of the Golden Age of
Gothic Architecture in the 12th Century, Suger realized his life's
dream of building an abbey that would have "the most radiant
windows" which would "illuminate men's minds so that they may
travel through apprehension of God's light." In his writings,
_________________________from 1122 to 1151, equated Divine Light
with the light that shimmered through the stained glass windows of
his beloved abbey. Light
____________________________________________
Slide 25
Slide 26
Madonna of Jeanne dEvreux. 1339. Height 2' 3". The particular
figural pose that characterizes much of Gothic art is revealed
here. This work was presented to the abbey of Ste.-Denis in 1339 by
Queen of France. The Madonna stands in the Gothic
______________________________________
____________________________________. In typical Gothic fashion the
drapery ______________________________________
____________________________________ The stylized iris held by the
Madonna is the fleur-de-lis the symbol of French royalty.
Slide 27
Elements of Architecture: Rib Vaulting.
Slide 28
Chartres is the most ______________________________ ________,
not only for the quality of its _______________________, but also
because it ______________________________ ________________________
A tall church was thought to _________________. In addition, height
could fuel rivalry between neighbors, for during the Middle Ages
the local cathedral was an ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________.
Slide 29
Plan of Chartres Cathedral, c. 11941250.
Slide 30
Slide 31
The mismatched towers of the faade reveal the changing nature
of Gothic style. The shorter, transitional Romanesque- Gothic tower
was completed before the fire of 1194; the elaborately decorated,
fully Gothic spire was not begun until 1507.
Slide 32
Windows tell ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________. Not all windows at Chartres
are narrative. Monumental iconic ensembles were easier to read in
lofty openings more removed from viewers such as the huge transept
rose with 5 slender lancets beneath it, which proclaims the Virgin
Marys royal and priestly heritage.
Slide 33
Slide 34
Slide 35
Slide 36
The art and architecture of Gothic France experienced a rich
and rapid evolution, as it emerged from Abbot Sugers vision of
light- saturated monastic spirituality in the 1140s. To enhance the
desired effects of light and color, architects made buildings
taller, walls lighter, and windows larger.