Byzantine Empire Map

Byzantine Empire Map

Byzantine Empire Map

2FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Byzantine, Islamic and Middle Ages Key Events526 1204 Byzantine Era526 St Benedict Establishes Monasticism527-565 - Reign of Eastern Emperor Justinian and his wife Theodora622 Mohammed establishes Islam when fleeing from Mecca700 Traditional date of first book in English Beowulf711-715 Conquest of North Africa and Spain by Muslims/ Arab rule established in and around Mediterranean726 843 Iconoclasm movement against the veneration (worship) of icons in Churches768 814 Reign of CharlemagneDec. 25, 800 Charlemagne becomes first Holy Roman Emperor800- 900 Vikings raid northern Europe, Muslims invade Mediterranean, Magyars invade in the EastByzantine, Islamic and Middle Ages Key Events800 the book 1001 Arabian Nights first written 843 restoration of the images to Eastern churches1054 Break between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Church (The Great Schism)1071 Conquest of eastern Byzantine provinces by Seljuks1095-1099 First Crusade called by Pope Urban II (Deus le volt!)1095-1307 Era of the Crusades1118 - First branch of warrior monks established The Knights Templar soon followed by the Hospitallers and Teutonic Orders1204 Crusaders pillage Constantinople1304 Establishment of the Inquisition during the Albigensian Crusade in France1453 Fall of Constantinople to the Turks end of Byzantine Era

Byzantine Art CharacteristicsOnion DomesPointed ArchesGilded MosaicsOrnate interiorsPatterned and inlaid floorsSlim people with small feetSmall almond shaped faces, huge eyesJustinian as World Conqueror /(Barberini Ivory)6th centuryRome, ItalyRelief SculptureMost successful Byzantine Emperor almost reconquered entire Western Empire

6Slide concept by Anthony D'Ascoli FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Byzantine Art

Hagia Sophia532-537Istanbul, TurkeyArchitectureArtist: Anthemius and IsodorusBuilt under the direction of JustinianLargest church of its time; this is the first use of a dome with pendentives


9

FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.



v



Byzantine Art

San Vitale526 547Ravenna, ItalyArchitectureTypical octagonal shape occurs in Byzantine style, plain exterior, extravagant interiors

15



Byzantine Art

Interior San Vitale526 547 Ravenna, ItalyArchitecture/MosaicThe walls of the interior are covered from floor to ceiling with mosaicsThe amount of light and angle determines the colors and patterns you can see

18


19


Byzantine Art

Justinian Mosaic547Ravenna, ItalyMosaicByzantine mosaics are typically very colorful with a heavy use of gold note Justinian has a halo (not a saint)He holds the bread (the host)Byzantine Art

Theodora Mosaic547Ravenna, ItalyMosaicNote the use of gold note Theodoras halo she was no saintShe carried the cup of wineSacrifice of Abel, Sacrifice of Melchisedechca. 547Ravenna, ItalyMosaicThe bread and wine are on the altar as the ultimate sacrifice

22


SantApollinare in Classe533-549Ravenna, ItalyArchitectureTypical Byzantine Basilica style plain exterior

23


SantApollinare in Classe Interior533-549Ravenna, ItalyArchitecture/MosaicsInterior filled with mosaics and gold

24


Saint Apollinaris Amid Sheep533-549Ravenna, ItalyMosaicApse mosaic shows Saint Apollinaris and apostles below


Late Byzantine Art

Madonna Enthroned1270Unknown provenancePaintingMix of western and eastern art traditionsPresentation of Christ is Byzantine but symbol of blessing and angels in circles are westernTransfiguration of Jesusca. 565Mount Sinai, Egypt MosaicMonastery is located on the famed MountainMonastery of Saint Catherine

27



Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George, icon6th or early 7th centuryMount Sinai, EgyptPainting2 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 7 3/8 in.Note shapes of bodies, heads and feet typical Byzantine style

29


Katholikon and Church of the TheotokosKatholikon early 11th century, Church of the Theotokos, 10th centuryHosios Loukas, GreeceArchitectureTypical of Greek Byzantine style exterior more detailed than rest of Empire

30


Katholikon and Church of the Theotokos Plan

31Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

32


33


Nativity of Christ inside Katholikon11th c.Hosios Loukas, GreeceMosaicArt work was made to fit into the irregular shapes of the church

34


Baptism of Christ inside Katholikon11th c.Hosios Loukas, GreeceMosaicNote the water effect to disguise Christs nudity and create ripples

35


Pantocrator in the Church of the Dormition1090-1100 Daphni, GreeceMosaicMosaics begin to use lots of gold as a background taking reality completely out of the art


Crucifixion in the Church of the Dormition1090-1100Daphni, GreeceMosaicConsidered the Byzantine mosaic masterpiece


Byzantine Art

St. Marks Square (Piazza San Marco)Begun 1063ArchitectureVenice, ItalyThe bell tower was rebuilt in 19th century due to its collapse Basilica is typical Byzantine style onion domes, mosaic decorations

Saint Marks Cathedralbegun 1063Venice, ItalyArchitectureOnion domes and mosaics over entrance typical Byzantine style

39


40


Byzantine Art

Interior of Saint Marks (San Marco)1063Venice, ItalyArchitecture/MosaicHeavy use of gold mosaicIntricately decorated marble patterned floorsIn typical Byzantine style in Greek Cross planChurch was built for a large community

42



Byzantine Art

God Creates Eve1200 Venice, ItalyMosaicMosaic work becomes very intricate with heavy use of gold, but style is still decayedBiblical stories were told in scenes like thesePala dOro from Saint Marks Cathedralca. 1105Venice, ItalyCraftworkMade of gold cloisonn with precious stonesConsidered a masterwork of craftsmanship

45


46


Christ Pantocrater inside Cathedral at Monrealeca. 1180-1190 Monreale, Sicily, ItalyMosaicSicily was part of the Byzantine Empire and felt its influence heavily

47


48


David composing the Psalms/Paris Psalterca. 950-970Undetermined originationIlluminated Manuscript

Best example of Byzantine Illuminated Manuscripts from a period known as the Macedonian Renaissance


Anastasisca. 1310-1320 Constantinople, (Istanbul), TurkeyFresco PaintingAnastasis means resurrectionChrist is seen pulling Adam and Eve out of their tombs in hell, nearby is King David

50


Iconostasis51FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Byzantine ArtThe end . . . Next lecture Islamic Art

Documents

Byzantine Empire Map