BYJU’s Classes: 9980837187 · The area mostly functions as a single country for international travel purposes, with a common visa policy. The area is named after the Schengen Agreement

Ancient History + Importance Institutes BYJU’s Classes: 9980837187

Ans 1 C Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level-Moderate Type-Factual

Explanation: The NGT has the power to hear all civil cases relating to environmental issues and questions that are linked to the implementation of laws listed in Schedule I of the NGT Act. These include the following: 1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; 2. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977; 3. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980; 4. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; 5. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; 6. The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991; 7. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002.

The NGT is not bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural justice. While passing Orders/decisions/awards, the NGT will apply the principles of sustainable development, the precautionary principle and the polluter pays principles.

Ans. 2 C Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level-Moderate Type-Factual

Explanation: The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the society and to organize Lok Adalats for amicable settlement of disputes. In every state, State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give effect to the policies and directions of the NALSA and to give free legal services to the people and conduct Lok Adalats in the State. Ans 3 A Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level-Easy Type-Factual

Explanation: With an objective to enhance transparency and accountability as a part of the Ease of Doing Business in the Mining sector, TAMRA (Transparency, Auction Monitoring and Resource Augmentation) portal was launched by Ministry of mines Ans 4 D Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level-Moderate

Type- Conceptual

Explanation: Recommendation of Justice Lodha committee for reforms in BCCI. 1. One association of each state will be a full member and will have the right to vote. 2. It recommended separating the governing bodies of the Indian Premier League (IPL) and BCCI. It also proposed restricting the powers of the IPL Governing Council. 3. The panel stated that BCCI office bearers must not be ministers or government servants and that they

must have not held office in the BCCI for a period of nine years or three terms. The Lodha committee said that no BCCI office-bearer can have more than two consecutive terms. 4. Office-bearers in BCCI should not be beyond the age of 70 years. 5. The panel also recommended legalisation of betting with an inbuilt mechanism. 6. The report also proposed the constitution and establishment of a players association. 7. For the sake of transparency BCCI was asked to upload all its rules and other details on the official website. 8. The panel stated that an Ethics Officer will decide on conflict of interest. 9. The panel suggested that the BCCI should come under the purview of the Right to Information (RTI) Act. 10. According to the panel, cricketing matters of the BCCI should be handled by former players while non-cricketing matters would be handled by CEO along with six assistant managers and two committees


Ans 5 C Topic- Institute of Inter- National importance Difficulty level-Moderate Type-Factual

Explanation: The International Solar Alliance is an alliance of more than 120 countries, most of them being sunshine countries, which come either completely or partly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The alliance's primary objective is work for efficient exploitation of solar energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. This initiative was first proposed by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a speech in November 2015 at Wembley Stadium, in which he referred to sunshine countries as suryaputra ("sons of the sun").The alliance is a treaty-based inter-governmental organization Ans 6 D Topic- Institute of Inter National importance

Difficulty level-Moderate Type-Factual

Explanation: The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), or the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA), is a trade agreement between Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States (until January 23, 2017) and Vietnam Ans 7 B Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level- Easy Type-Factual

Explanation: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals are an American animal rights organization. Its slogan is "animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way Ans 8 C Topic- Institute of Inter National importance Difficulty level-Moderate Type-Factual Ans 9 A Topic- Institute of Inter National importance Difficulty level-Moderate Type-Factual

Explanation: The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is an economic union of states located primarily in northern Eurasia. The Eurasian Economic Union has an integrated single market of 183 million people and a gross

domestic product of over 4 trillion U.S. dollars (PPP).It aims to provide free trade among member countries without any barriers which includes Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan primarily located in northern Eurasia Ans 10 D Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level-Moderate

Type-Factual

Explanation: Mercosur or Mercosul is a sub-regional bloc. Its full members are Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela (which was suspended on December 1, 2016). Its purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency. Ans 11 C Topic- Institute of Inter National importance Difficulty level- Difficult Type-Factual

Explanation:


The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of nations in South Asia. Its member states include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, the Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC comprises 3% of the world's area, 21% of the world's population and 3.8% (US$ 2.9 trillion) of the global economy, as of 2015. Mahasthangarh, the 3rd century BC archaeological site in Bogra, Bangladesh, has been declared as the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) cultural capital for the year 2016-17.As a SARRC cultural capital, the historic place will host festivals on literature, films, foods and dances from October 2016 to September 2017 Ans 12 C Topic- Institute of Inter National importance Difficulty level- Easy Type- Conceptual

Explanation: The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization which regulates international trade. The WTO officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, signed by 123 nations replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948.The

WTO deals with regulation of trade between participating countries by providing a framework for negotiating trade agreements and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements ,.Most of the issues that the WTO focuses on derive from previous trade negotiations, especially from the Uruguay Round (1986–1994). Agricultural Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) for developing countries, public stockholding for food security purposes, a commitment to abolish export subsidies for farm exports and measures related to cotton. Ans 13 C Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Difficult Type-Factual

Explanation: The Schengen Area is an area comprising 26 European states that have officially abolished passport and any other type o border control at their mutual borders. The area mostly functions as a single country for international travel purposes, with a common visa policy. The area is named after the Schengen Agreement. States in the Schengen Area have eliminated border controls with other Schengen members and strengthened border controls with non-Schengen countries. Today, the Schengen Area encompasses most EU States, except for Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Ireland, Romania and the United Kingdom. However, Bulgaria and Romania are currently in the process of joining the Schengen Area. Of non-EU States, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein have joined the Schengen Area Ans 14 A Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Easy

Type-Conceptual

Explanation: The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament

Ans 15 A Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type-Conceptual Ans 16 D Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Easy Type- factual

Explanation: The International Development Association (IDA) is an international financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. The IDA is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in 1960


to complement the existing International Bank for Reconstruction and Development by lending to developing countries which suffer from the lowest gross national income, from troubled creditworthiness, or from the lowest per capita income. Together, the International Development Association and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development are collectively generally known as the World Bank, as they follow the same executive leadership and operate with the same staff Ans 17 B Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: The Animal Welfare Board of India is a statutory advisory body advising the Government. The Animal Welfare Board of India was established in 1962 under Section 4 of The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. Well-known humanitarian Smt. Rukmini Devi Arundale was instrumental in setting up the

board and was its first chair. The Board was initially within the jurisdiction of the Government of India's Ministry of Food and Agriculture. In 1990, the subject of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was transferred to the Ministry of Environment and Forests, where it now resides.

Ans 18 B Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: The G4 nations comprising Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan are four countries which support each other’s bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council. Unlike the G7, where the common denominator is the economy and long-term political motives, the G4's primary aim is the permanent member seats on the Security Council. Each of these four countries has figured among the elected non-permanent members of the council since the UN's establishment. Their economic and political influence has grown significantly in the last decades, reaching a scope comparable to the permanent members (P5). However, the G4's bids are often opposed by Uniting for Consensus movement, and particularly their economic competitors or political rivals Ans 19 C Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Difficult Type- Conceptual

Explanation: TheG20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. It was founded in 1999 with the aim of studying, reviewing, and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability .It seeks to address issues that go beyond the responsibilities of any one organization. The G20

heads of government or heads of state have periodically conferred at summits since their initial meeting in 2008, and the group also hosts separate meetings of finance ministers and central bank governors. Collectively, the G20 economies account for around 85% of the gross world product (GWP), 80% of world trade (or, if excluding EU intra-trade, 75%), and two-thirds of the world population Ans 20 A Topic- Institute of International importance

Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: Ocean Energy Systems (OES) OES is an intergovernmental collaboration between countries which operates under framework established by the IEA in 2001. It seeks to harness energy from all forms of ocean renewable resources through international cooperation and information exchange by promoting advance research; development and technologies .Union Cabinet have its approval for India becoming a member country of the International Energy Agency – Ocean Energy Systems (IEA-OES) by signing the Implementing Agreement (IA). The nodal agency for the membership would be Earth System Science Organisation – National Institute of Ocean Technology (ESSO-NIOT) under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. By becoming a member of the IEA-OES, India will have access to advanced R&D teams and technologies across the world. India will partner


in developing test protocols along with other countries. This will help in testing Indian prototypes as per international requirements and norms Ans 21 B Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: Fortaleza declaration – Agreement for establishing the New development bank with 100 billion US dollar corpus having equal distribution from all BRICS countries for mobilizing resources for infrastructure and sustainable projects in BRICS. Countries by Shareholding at the New Development Bank

Country Shareholding (% of Total)

Voting Rights (% of Total)

Authorised Capital (bln USD)

Brazil 20 20 20

Russia 20 20 20

India 20 20 20

China 20 20 20

South Africa 20 20 20

Unallocated Shares - - -

Grand Total 100 100 100

Ans 22 C Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) is an apex-level body constituted by the government of India. The idea to create such a super regulatory body was first mooted by the Raghuram Rajan Committee in 2008. Finally in 2010, the then Finance Minister of India, Pranab Mukherjee, decided to set up such an autonomous body dealing with macro prudential and financial regularities in the entire financial sector of India. An apex-level FSDC is not a statutory body. The recent global economic meltdown has put pressure on governments and institutions across the globe to regulate their economic assets. This council is seen as India's initiative to be better conditioned to prevent such incidents in future. The new body envisages to strengthen and institutionalise the mechanism of maintaining financial stability, financial sector development, inter-regulatory coordination along with monitoring macro-prudential regulation of economy. Composition of Council: • Chairperson: The Union Finance Minister of India • Members: • Governor Reserve Bank of India (RBl), • Finance Secretary and/ or Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), • Secretary, Department of Financial Services (DFS), • Chief Economic Advisor, Ministry of Finance, • Chairman, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), • Chairman, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authorit (IRDA), • Chairman, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA),

• Chairman, Forward Markets Commission (FMC) Ans 23 C Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Ans 24 A Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Easy Type- factual

Explanation:


The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is a multilateral export control regime. It is an informal and voluntary partnership among 35 countries to prevent the proliferation of missile and unmanned aerial vehicle technology capable of carrying above 500 kg payload for more than 300 km Ans 25 C Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Difficult Type- factual

Explanation: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific and intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments, dedicated to the task of providing the world with an objective, scientific view of climate change and its political and economic impacts. It was first established in 1988 by two United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and later endorsed by the

United Nations General Assembly through Resolution Ans 26 C

Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: IMF reforms: India’s voting rights increased by 0.3% from the current 2.3% to 2.6%. China’s voting rights increased by 2.2% from current 3.8% to 6 %. Also gives boost the representation of emerging economies like India, China, Brazil, Russia and increases their power and greater say in IMF. These reforms shifted more than 6% of the quota shares to emerging and developing countries from the US and European countries. Russia and Brazil also have gained from the reforms. The doubling of quotas means that the shares (roles) of advanced European and Gulf countries have been reduced and that of emerging nations particularly China has been increased. China will have the 3rd largest IMF quota and voting share after the US and Japan. While, India, Russia and Brazil will also be among the top 10 members of the IMF. The voting power and quota shares of the IMF’s poorest member countries will be protected. Under the reform, for the first time IMF’s Executive Board will consist entirely of elected Executive Directors and it ends the category of appointed Executive Directors. Ans 27 D Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Difficult Type- factual

Explanation: REDD+ is a program by FAO and UNDP. The overall development goal of the Programme is to reduce forest emissions and enhance carbon stocks in forests while contributing to national sustainable

development REDD+ is a voluntary climate change mitigation approach that has been developed by Parties to the UNFCCC. It aims to incentivize developing countries to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, conserve forest carbon stocks, sustainably manage forests and enhance forest carbon stocks. The United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries – or UN-REDD Programme – is a multilateral body. It partners with developing countries to support them in establishing the technical capacities needed to

implement REDD+ and meet UNFCCC requirements for REDD+ results-based payments Ans 28 D Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 outlines seven clear targets and four priorities for action to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risks: (i) Understanding disaster risk; (ii) Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk; (iii) Investing in disaster reduction for resilience and; (iv) Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to "Build Back Better" in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.


It aims to achieve the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries over the next 15 years. The Framework was adopted at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, on March 18, 2015 Ans 29 C Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: The Global Environment Facility, (GEF) unites 183 countries in partnership with international institutions, civil society organizations (CSOs), and the private sector to address global environmental issues while supporting national sustainable development initiatives. Today the GEF is the largest public funder of projects to improve the global environment. An independently operating financial organization,

the GEF provides grants for projects related to biodiversity, climate change, international waters, land degradation, the ozone layer, and persistent organic pollutants. The GEF also serves as financial mechanism for the following conventions:

• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) • UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) • Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) • Minamata Convention on Mercury Ans 30 B Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India is a statutory organisation under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). It was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act, 1974. CPCB is also entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. It serves as a field formation and also provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment and Forests under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. CPCB runs nation-wide programs of ambient air quality monitoring known as National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP). The network consists of 621 operating stations covering 262 cities/towns in 29 states and 5 Union Territories of the country. Under N.A.M.P., four air pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen as NO2, Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM/ PM10) have been identified for regular monitoring at all the locations. The monitoring of meteorological parameters such as wind speed and wind direction, relative humidity (RH) and temperature were also integrated with the monitoring of air quality.

Ans. 31 C Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is an agency of the United Nations that

leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. FAO is also a source of knowledge and information, and helps developing countries and countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices, ensuring good nutrition and food security for all. Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems of FAO promotes public understanding, awareness national and international recognition of Agriculture heritage system Ans 32 D Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation:


The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), or Shanghai Pact, is a Eurasian political, economic, and military organisation which was founded in 2001 in Shanghai by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekisthan These countries, except for Uzbekistan had been members of the Shanghai Five, founded in 1996; after the inclusion of Uzbekistan in 2001, the members renamed the organisation. On July 10, 2015, the SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members. India and Pakistan signed the memorandum of obligations on 24 June 2016 at Tashkent, thereby starting the formal process of joining the SCO as full members. Ans 33 D Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is an autonomous body established under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. The FSSAI has been established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 which i s a consolidating statute related to food safety and

regulation in India. FSSAI is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of food safety. The following are the statutory powers that the FSS Act, 2006 gives to the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). • Framing of regulations to lay down food safety standards • Laying down guidelines for accreditation of laboratories for food testing • Providing scientific advice and technical support to the Central Government • Contributing to the development of international technical standards in food • Collecting and collating data regarding food consumption, contamination, emerging risks etc • Disseminating information and promoting awareness about food safety and nutrition in India Ans 34 D Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: SARTTAC is a collaborative venture between the IMF and the member countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) , and development partners. The centre aims at helping its member countries strengthen their institutional and human capacity to design and implement macroeconomic and financial policies that promote growth and reduce poverty in a rapidly growing region that is home to one fifth of the world’s population. SARTTAC will allow the IMF to meet more of the high demand for technical assistance and training from the region.

Ans 35 C Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual

Explanation: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons.

The IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957. Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty, the IAEA Statute, the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council. Ans 36 B Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual Ans 37 A Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- factual


Explanation: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) is an apex development bank in India, headquartered at Mumbai with branches all over India. The Bank has been entrusted with "matters concerning policy, planning and operations in the field of credit for agriculture and other economic activities in rural areas in India". NABARD is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion Ans 38 C Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- conceptual

Explanation: The International Criminal Court is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. It entered into force by treaty known as "The Rome Statute". The ICC

has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts

are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer investigations to the Court. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC Ans 39 A Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- conceptual

Explanation: According to current estimates, more than 80% of the world's proven crude oil reserves are located in OPEC Member Countries, with the bulk of OPEC oil reserves in the Middle East, amounting to 65% of the OPEC total. OPEC Member Countries have made significant additions to their oil reserves in recent years, for example, by adopting best practices in the industry, realizing intensive explorations and enhanced recoveries. As a result, OPEC's proven oil reserves currently stand at 1,213.43 billion barrels. As of January 2017, OPEC's members areAlgeria,Angola,Ecuador,Gabon,Iran,Iraq,Kuwait,Libya,Nigeria,Qatar,Saudi Arabia(the de facto leader),United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela Ans 40 C Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- conceptual

Explanation: The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions; it is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states.

Ans 41 D Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- conceptual

Explanation: Providing security is not the only objective of IOR ARC. It also works in the field on economic cooperation, including trade, tourism, education, ICT etc. Ans 42 B Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Moderate Type- conceptual

Explanation:


Four-nations group Afghanistan-Pakistan-United States-China part of QCG. The group negotiates the leeway of a reinstate to talk with the Afghan Taliban—It underlines the strong commitment of the Government of Afghanistan for peace and reconciliation with Taliban groups and Hezbi Islami Hekmatyar. Ans 43 D Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - factual Type- factual

Explanation: Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations working with the United Nations and each other through the coordinating machinery of the United Nations Economic and Social Council at the intergovernmental level, and through the Chief Executives Board for coordination (CEB) at the inter-secretariat level. Specialized agencies may or may not have been originally created by the United Nations, but they are incorporated into the United Nations System by the United Nations Economic and Social

Council acting under Articles 57 and 63 of the United Nations Charter. At present the UN has in total 15specialized agencies that carry out various functions on behalf of the UN

Ans 44 C Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level - factual Type- factual

Explanation: The National Tiger Conservation Authority was established in December 2005 following a recommendation of the Tiger Task Force, constituted by the Prime Minister of India for reorganised management of Project Tiger and the many Tiger Reserves in India. The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is a statutory body of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Ans 45 B Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level - factual Type- factual

Explanation: The objective of District Mineral Foundation is to work for the interest of the benefit of the persons and areas affected by mining related operations in such manner as may be prescribed by the State Government. Ans 46 C Topic- Institute of National importance Difficulty level - factual Type- factual

Explanation: Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) or more commonly known as the Censor Board is a statutory body under Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, regulating the public exhibition of films. The board, set up under the Cinematograph Act, 1952 functions with its headquarters at Mumbai. Films can be publicly exhibited in India only after they are certified by the Board, including films shown on television. CBFC India is considered to be one of the most powerful film censor boards in the world due to its strict ways of functioning

Ans 47 A Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - Difficult Type- Conceptual

Explanation: CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, physicists and engineers are probing the fundamental structure of the universe. They use the world's largest and most complex scientific instruments to study the basic constituents of matter – the fundamental particles. The particles are made to collide together at close to the speed of light. The process gives the physicists clues about how the particles interact, and provides insights into the fundamental laws of nature.


India is a associate member of the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), the world’s largest nuclear and particle physics laboratory and best known as operator of the Large Hadron Collider, which found the elusive Higgs boson in 2012 Ans 48 B Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - factual Type- factual

Explanation: The Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC) was established on November 10, 2000. The First MGC Ministerial Meeting. It comprises six member countries, namely India, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. They emphasised four areas of cooperation, which are tourism, culture, education, and transportation linkage in order to be solid foundation for future trade and investment cooperation in the region. The organization takes its name from the Ganga and the Mekong, two large rivers in the region

Ans 49 C Topic- Institute of National importance

Difficulty level - factual Type- factual

Explanation: The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) is a leading think tank dedicated to conducting research for sustainable development of India and the Global South. TERI was established in 1974 as an information centre on energy issues. However, over the following decades, it made a mark as a research institute, whose policy and technology solutions transformed people's lives and the environment. TERI's key focus lies in promoting: • Clean energy • Water management • Pollution management • Sustainable agriculture • Climate resilience Lighting a Billion Lives is a global initiative to facilitate clean energy access and the delivery of last mile energy services for basic and productive use. The initiative enables energy poor communities to transition from traditional and inefficient energy sources to modern, more efficient and sustainable energy solutions. Operating through an entrepreneurial model of energy service delivery, Lighting a Billion Lives accelerates market development for clean energy technologies through knowledge sharing, capacity building and market seeding Ans 50 D Topic- Institute of International importance Difficulty level - factual

Type- factual

Explanation: The Arctic Council consists of the eight Arctic States: Canada, the Kingdom of Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States Ans 51 B Topic : Inscriptition

Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: The Allahabad pillar is an Ashoka Stambha, one of the pillars of Ashoka, an emperor of the Maurya dynasty who reigned in the 3rd century BCE. While it is one of the few extant pillars that carry his edicts, it is particularly notable for containing later inscriptions attributed to the Gupta emperor, Samudragupta (4th century CE).Also engraved on the stone are inscriptions by the Mughal emperor, Jahangir, from the 17th century. The Ashokan inscriptions on the Allahabad Pillar (along with inscriptions elsewhere) were pivotal to the decipherment of the Brahmi script by The Asiatic Society's James Prinsep. It led to the rediscovery of the Mauryan emperor and the unearthing of the full extent of his empire Ans 52 A


Topic : Mauryas Level: medium Type: factual

Explanation: Alexander invaded India in 326 BC when Dana Nanda was the ruler of Nanda dynasty Ans 53 A TOPIC: Mauryas Level: easy Type: factual

Explanation: Buddha and Mahaveera lived during 6 th century BC. During this period Bimbisara of Haryanka dynasty ruled the Magadhan empire

Ans 54 C Topic : Gupta Difficulty Level : Medium

Type : Factual

Explanation: Budhism was not so important in the Gupta period as it was in the days of Asoka and Kanishka. Brahmanism had come to the forefront during Gupta period. The two gods who commanded the worship of their followers were Vishnu and Shiva. Ans 55 C Topic : Budhism Difficulty Level : Easy Type : Factual

Explanation: The first Buddhist Council was held at Rajagraha under the chairmanship of Mahakasapa immediately after the death of Buddha. Its purpose was to maintain the purity of the teachings of the Buddha. The second Buddhist Council was convened at Vaisali around 383 B.C. The third Buddhist Council was held at Pataliputra under the patronage of Asoka. Moggaliputta Tissa presided over it. The final version of Tripitakas was completed in this council. The fourth Buddhist Council was convened in Kashmir by Kanishka under the chairmanship of Vasumitra. Asvagosha participated in this council. The new school of Buddhism called Mahayana Buddhism came into existence during this council. The Buddhism preached by the Buddha and propagated by Asoka was known as Hinayana Ans 56 C TOPIC: Buddhism Level: easy Type: factual

Explanation: The third Buddhist council was held in Ptaliputra under the patronage of king Ashoka in 247 BC Ans 57 A Topic: Jainism Level: moderate Type : factual

Explanation: Right knowledge, right faith, and right conduct are the three most essentials for attaining liberation in Jainism. In order to acquire these, one must observe the five great vows: Non-violence - Ahimsa Truth - Satya Non-stealing - Achaurya or Asteya Celibacy/Chastity - Brahmacharya Non-attachment/Non-posession - Aparigraha Ans 58 B Topic : Inscription Difficulty Level : Medim Type : Factual


Explanation: The Hathigumpha Inscription ("Elephant Cave" inscription), from Udayagiri, near Bhubaneswar in Odisha, was inscribed by Kharavela, the then Emperor of Kalinga in India, during 2nd century BCE. The Hathigumpha Inscription consists of seventeen lines in a Central-Western form of Prakrit incised in a deep-cut Brahmi script on the overhanging brow of a natural cavern called Hathigumpha in the southern side of the Udayagiri hill, near Bhubaneswar in Odisha. It faces straight towards the Rock Edicts of Ashoka at Dhauli, situated at a distance of about six miles. The inscription is written in a type which is considered as one of the most archaic forms of the Kalinga alphabet, also suggesting a date around 150 BCE Ans 59 C Topic : Gupta Difficulty Level : Easy

Type : Factual

Explanation: Aryabhata (476–550 CE) was one of the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical

age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya (499 CE, when he was 23 years old) and the Arya-siddhanta. Varāhamihira (505–587 CE), also called Varaha or Mihir, was an Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer who lived in Ujjain. He is considered to be one of the "Nine Jewels" (Navaratnas) of the court of legendary ruler Yashodharman Vikramaditya of Malwa. Varahamitra's main work is the book Pañcasiddhāntikā (or Pancha-Siddhantika, "[Treatise] on the Five [Astronomical] Canons) dated ca. 575 CE gives us information about older Indian texts which are now lost. The work is a treatise on mathematical astronomy. He was also an astrologer. He wrote on all the three main branches of Jyotisha astrology Ans 60 D Topic : Kushanas Difficulty Level : Easy Type : Factual

Explanation: The Indian national calendar, sometimes called the Saka calendar, is the official civil calendar in use in India along with the Vikram Samvat calendar. It is used, alongside the Gregorian calendar, by The Gazette of India, in news broadcasts by All India Radio and in calendars and communications issued by the Government of India Ans 61 C Topic : Gupta Difficulty Level : Easy Type : Factual

Explanation: The Iron Pillar located in Delhi, India, is a 7 m (23 ft) column in the Qutb complex, notable for the rust-resistant composition of the metals used in its construction. The pillar has attracted the attention of archaeologists and materials scientists because of its high resistance to corrosion, and has been called a "testimony to the high level of skill achieved by the ancient Indian iron smiths in the extraction and processing of iron."[ The oldest inscription on the pillar is that of a king named Chandra, generally identified as the Gupta

emperor Chandragupta II. Ans 62 C Topic : Authors Difficulty Level : Difficult Type : Factual

Explanation: 1) Amuktamalayada – Krishnadevaraya 2) Rajataringini - Kalhana 3) Mudra Rakshasa – Vishakadatta 4) Budhacharita – Ashvaghosha Ans 63 D


Topic : Literature Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Kālidāsa was a Classical Sanskrit writer, widely regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist in the Sanskrit language. His plays and poetry are primarily based on the Indian Puranas. His work includes all the above four Ans 64 A Topic : Literature Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Padmavat or Padmawat is an epic poem written in 1540 by Malik Muhammad Jayasi in the Awadhi

language.[1]It is the first important work in Awadhi Ans 65 D

Topic : Literature Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual Explanation: Both the statements are correct. Pāṇini (~6th–4th century BCE), or Panini, is the name of an ancient Sanskrit grammarian and a revered scholar in Hinduism. Considered the father of Indian linguistics, Panini likely lived in the Swat area, in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent during the early Mahajanapada era. Pāṇini is known for his text Ashtadhyayi, a sutra-style treatise on Sanskrit grammar,[8] estimated to have been completed between 6th and 4th century BCE. The Mahābhāṣya, attributed to Patañjali, is a commentary on selected rules of Sanskrit grammar from Pāṇini's treatise, the Ashtadhyayi, as well as Kātyāyana's Varttika, an elaboration of Pāṇini's grammar. It is dated to the 4th century BCE Ans 66 B Topic : Literature Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Al-Biruni is regarded as one of the greatest scholars and was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist and linguist. He has written a book called Kitab-Ul-Hind Ans 67 A

Topic : Scintific advancement Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: The Baudhayana sūtras are a group of Vedic Sanskrit texts which cover dharma, daily ritual, mathematics, etc. They belong to the Taittiriya branch of the Krishna Yajurveda School and are among the earliest texts of the sutra genre, perhaps compiled in the 8th to 7th centuries BCE.

The Baudhāyana Śulbasûtra is noted for containing several early mathematical results, including an approximation of the square root of 2 and the statement of a version of the Pythagorean Theorem Ans 68 B Topic : Rashtakuta Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Dantidurga (735–756 CE), also known as Dantivarman or Dantidurga II was the founder of the Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta. The Ellora record of Dantidurga narrates that he defeated the Chalukyas in 753 and took the titles Rajadhiraja and Parameshvara


Ans 69 C Topic : Pala Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: The Pala Empire was an imperial power during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal. They were followers of the Mahayana and Tantric schools of Buddhism. The highest military officer in the Pala Empire was the Mahasenapati (commander-in-chief). The Palas recruited mercenary soldiers from a number of kingdoms, including Malava, Khasa, Huna, Kulika, Kanrata, Lata, Odra and Manahali. According to the contemporary accounts, the Rashtrakutas had the best infantry, the Gurjara-Pratiharas had the finest cavalry and the Palas had the largest elephant force Ans 70 D

Topic : Source of History Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Faxian (337 – c. 422) was a Chinese Buddhist monk who travelled by foot from China to India, visiting many sacred Buddhist sites in what are now Xinjiang, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka between 399-412 to acquire Buddhist texts. His journey is described in his important travelogue, A Record of Buddhist Kingdoms, Being an Account by the Chinese Monk Fa-Xian of his Travels in India and Ceylon in Search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline. Antiquated transliterations of his name include Fa-Hien and Fa-hsien Ans 71 D Topic : Budhism Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual Explanation: The Fourth Buddhist Council we held at Kundalvana, Kashmir in 72 AD under the patronage of Kushan king kanishka and the president of this council was Vasumitra, with Asvaghosa as his dupty. This council distinctly divided the Buddhism into 2 sects Mahayan & Hinayan Ans 72 D Topic : vedas Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: The Atharvaveda is sometimes called the "Veda of magical formulas",[1] an epithet declared to be incorrect by other scholars

Ans 73 D Topic : Vedas Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Both the statements are correct.

The Samaveda is the Veda of melodies and chants. Embedded inside the Samaveda is the widely studied Chandogya Upanishad and Kena Upanishad, considered as primary Upanishads and as influential on the six schools of Hindu philosophy, particularly the Vedanta school. The classical Indian music and dance tradition considers the chants and melodies in Samaveda as one of its roots Ans 74 C Topic : Satavahanas Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation:


The Satavahanas are among the earliest Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with King Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Kshatrapas he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Thousands of lead, copper Satavahana coins have been discovered in the Deccan region; a few gold and silver coins are also available. The Satavahanas were early issuers of Indian state coinage struck with images of their rulers. They formed a cultural bridge and played a vital role in trade and the transfer of ideas and culture to and from the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the southern tip of India. They supported Brahmanism as well as Buddhism, and patronised Prakrit language instead of Sanskrit Ans 75 D Topic : Chola Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: The Chola navy was the zenith of ancient India sea power. It played a vital role in the expansion of the empire, including the conquest of the Ceylon islands and naval raids on Srivijaya. The navy grew both in

size and status during the medieval Cholas reign. The Chola admirals commanded much respect and prestige. The navy commanders also acted as diplomats in some instances. Chola kings were worshippers of Shiva Ans 76 C Topic : Pandya Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple built by Pandyan kings. Malayadwaja Pandya and his queen Kanchanamala had one daughter Thataathagai alias Meenakshi who succeeded her father and reigned the kingdom successfully. The Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple was built after her. The city of Madurai was built around this temple Ans 77 C Topic : Budhism Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Madhyamaka refers primarily to a Mahayana Buddhist school of philosophy founded by Nagarjuna Ans 78 B Topic : Chalukyas Difficulty Level : Medium

Type : Factual

Explanation: The Chalukyan king, Pulakesin II sent an ambassador to the Persian king Khusrau II in 625 A.D. and received one from him Ans 79 A Topic : Budhism

Difficulty Level : Easy Type : Factual

Explanation: The Indo-Greek king, Milinda (or Menander I ) was converted to Buddhism by Nagasena, a Buddhist monk and philospher. Before becoming a Buddhist, Menander asked Nagasena many questions relating to Buddhism.These questions and Nagasena’s answers are recorded in a form of book known as ‘Milindapanho (or The Questions of Milinda) Ans 80 B Topic : Southern kingdoms - Pallavas Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual


Explanation: Narasimhavarman I was a Tamil king of the Pallava dynasty who ruled South India from 630–668 AD. He shared his father Mahendravarman I's love of art and completed the work started by Mahendravarman in Mamallapuram. He avenged his father's defeat at the hands of the Chalukya king, Pulakeshin II in the year 642 AD . Narasimhavarman was also known as Mamallan (great wrestler), and Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) was named after him. It was during his reign, in 640 AD, that the Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang visited Kanchipuram. Narasimhavarman I was a devotee of Shiva. The great Nayanar saints like Appar, Siruthondar and Tirugnanasambandar lived during his reign. Narasimhavarman I was succeeded by his son Mahendravarman II in the year 668 AD Ans 81 B

Topic : Veda Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: The earliest and most ancient layer of Yajurveda samhita includes about 1,875 verses that are distinct yet borrow and build upon the foundation of verses in Rigveda. The middle layer includes the Satapatha Brahmana, one of the largest Brahmana texts in the Vedic collection. The youngest layer of Yajurveda text includes the largest collection of primary Upanishads, influential to various schools of Hindu philosophy. These include the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, the Isha Upanishad, the Taittiriya Upanishad, the Katha Upanishad, the Shvetashvatara Upanishad and the Maitri Upanishad Ans 82 C Topic : Upanishad Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual Explanation: The Mundaka Upanishad is an ancient Sanskrit Vedic text, embedded inside Atharva Veda. The Mundaka Upanishad is the source of the phrase Satyameva Jayate, which is the national motto of India. It appears in its national emblem with four lions Ans 83 D Topic : Inscription Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Conceptual

Explanation: Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing

conclusions about the writing and the writers. Epigraphy is a primary tool of archaeology when dealing with literate cultures. Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, and related objects Ans 84 D Topic : jainism

Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Anekāntavāda refers to the principles of pluralism and multiplicity of viewpoints, or vantage points, the notion that reality is perceived differently from diverse points of view, and that no single point of view is the complete truth, yet taken together they comprise the complete truth. It is one of the most important and fundamental doctrines of Jainism. Anekāntavāda encourages its adherents to consider the views and beliefs of their rivals and opposing parties. Proponents of anekāntavāda apply this principle to religion and philosophy, reminding themselves that any religion or philosophy—even Jainism—which clings too dogmatically to its own tenets, is committing an error based on its limited point of view. The principle of anekāntavāda also influenced Mahatma Gandhi to adopt principles of religious tolerance, ahiṃsā and satyagraha.


Ans 85 A Topic : Harappa civilization Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: The sculptures made of Red Sandstone, Terracota and bronze were discovered. Sculptures made of iron were not found or not discovered yet. The most discussed example of metal sculpture in context with Indus Valley is the Dancing Girl. The terracotta figurines had a universal popularity in the ancient world and Harappan culture was no exception to this. There are plenty of terracotta seals and figurines recovered from Harappan sites which range from toys to cult objects such as mother goddess to birds and animals , including monkeys, dogs, sheep, cattle-both humped and humpless bulls Ans 86 D

Topic : Religion Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Yaksha is the name of a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, who are caretakers of the natural treasures hidden in the earth and tree roots. They appear in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist texts. The feminine form of the word is yakṣi or Yakshini (yakṣiṇī) Ans 87 C Topic : Pratihara Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: The Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty, also known as the Pratihara Empire, was an Indian imperial power that ruled much of Northern India from the mid-7th to the 11th century. They ruled first at Ujjain and later at Kannauj Ans 88 Topic : Satavahana Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Answer : Hala, a Satavahana king is the author of the book. He has written the book in Prakrit language Ans 89 B Topic : Inscription Difficulty Level : Medium

Type : Factual

Explanation: The famous Nasik inscription was issued by Gautami Balasri about the victories of his son Gautamiputra Satakarni. The Nasik inscription describes Gautamiputra Satakarni as the destroyer of Sakas Ans 90 A

Topic : Vedic period Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Nishka - Rig Vedic coin Ushas - Goddess Apala - Woman poet Krishnala - Later Vedic coin Ans 91 A Topic : Maurya Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual


Explanation: Bindusara was called by the Greeks as “Amitragatha” meaning slayer of enemies. He is said to have conquered the Deccan up to Mysore. Taranatha, the Tibetan monk states that Bindusara conquered 16 states comprising ‘the land between the two seas’. The Sangam Tamil literature also confirms the Mauryan invasion of the far south. Therefore, it can be said that the Mauryan Empire under Bindusara extended up to Mysore. Bindusara supported the Ajivikas, a religious sect. Bindusara appointed his son Asoka as the governor of Ujjain Ans 92 A Topic : Literature Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Varahamihira composed Pancha Siddhantika, the five astronomical systems. He was also a great authority on astrology. His work Brihadsamhita is a great work in Sanskrit literature. It

deals with a variety of subjects like astronomy, astrology, geography, architecture, weather, animals, marriage and omens. His Brihadjataka is considered to be a standard work on astrology Ans 93 B Topic : Gupta Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: The founder of the Nalanda University is Kumaragupta. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site Ans 94 D Topic : Education Difficulty Level : Medium Type : Factual

Explanation: Ghatika was a learing center in the ancient India Ans 95 A The Kailas temple at Ellora were built during the Rashtrakuta rule. Ellora is a UNESCO World Heritage site Ans 96 Topic: Jainism Level: difficult

Type: factual

Explanation: The first Jaina council was held in Pataliputra in 300 BC under the patronage of Chandra Gupta Maurya. Stulabadra presided over this council Ans 97 D Topic: Jainism

Level: moderate Type: factual

Exxplanation: Both the given statements are wrong. Angas are svetambara texts and purvas are the digambara texts Ans 98 D Topic: Level: easy Type: factual Ans 99 A Topic:sources, inscriptions


Level: easy Type: factual

Explanation: Bana Bhatta was the cort poet of Harshavardana Ans 100 A TOPIC: sources and inscriptions Level: easy Type: factual

Explanation: Firdausi was the court poet of Mahmud of Ghazni. He wrote shah namaha in praise of his patron.

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