CHAPTER 12: CHANGES IN WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY CAN AFFECT LIVING THINGS

SECTION 12.1: FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENTS

By Tali, Julianna, and Myrrandha

Introduction (page 440)

Scientists classify bodies of freshwter by how fast they move Rivers/

Streams=Fast Lakes=Slow Swamps=Unmovin

g Stagnant

Plants + animals are found in all of these examples but depend on: How deep How far down

sunlight reaches Nutrients Speed of water Oxygen level

Salmon tend to live in the ocean, but they lay their eggs in fresh water (mainly rivers)

Some fish can need only freshwater, or saltwater, or even a mixture of both.

Some fish can adapt to either form of freshwater, from lakes to swamps to rivers. (Example: Three Spine Stickleback Fish)

Life in Estuaries (page 443)

An estuary is an area of land that builds up where a river (or body of freshwater) meets the ocean

Nutrients come from both the river, and ocean This makes

estuaries ideal for many plants and animals

These nutrients get distributed throughout by tides, currents, and winds.

The action of the tides also flushes out pollutants and debris out and away from the estuary

The water in an estuary is called “brackish” A mix of

freshwater and saltwater

In British Columbia, estuaries only make up 3% of the coastlines, but are useed by over 80% of wildlife found on the coast

Estuaries offer a unique habitat for plants, and animals

Citations http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://room19vv.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/.pond/estu

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http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.glogster.com/media/2/3/1/10/3011027.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.glogster.com/glog.php%3Fglog_id%3D1268384%26scale%3D54%26isprofile%3Dtrue&usg=__EVv7lo0HcYVuHeJZHTsJAYyvXHk=&h=340&w=400&sz=55&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=9n0lXIIQ7QW9NM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=200&ei=siHrTde_MebPiAKYhKXiCA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Destuaries%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1066%26bih%3D777%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=144&vpy=266&dur=80&hovh=207&hovw=244&tx=83&ty=122&page=1&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0&biw=1066&bih=777

http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Gasterosteus_aculeatus.jpg&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gasterosteus_aculeatus.jpg&usg=___iPHRDAKPPciivMZT3GlePcjvSY=&h=254&w=400&sz=18&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=hbhUTmthcV3KyM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=195&ei=MyLrTbLjJ4PKiAKx1oXhCA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dthree%2Bspined%2Bstickleback%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1066%26bih%3D777%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=124&vpy=99&dur=635&hovh=179&hovw=282&tx=178&ty=76&page=1&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&biw=1066&bih=777

http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://nature.ca/explore/di-ef/images/33a_eggs_5876466.jpg&imgrefurl=http://nature.ca/explore/di-ef/wstr_pyb_e.cfm&usg=__OdJfqNXMsVwfzqquwx5KQs3_m94=&h=284&w=450&sz=42&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=XnctZFAPAVwjQM:&tbnh=154&tbnw=235&ei=ayLrTZe5LtLWiALc_LXiCA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dsalmon%2Beggs%2Bin%2Briver%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1066%26bih%3D777%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=518&vpy=103&dur=763&hovh=178&hovw=283&tx=195&ty=61&page=1&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0&biw=1066&bih=777

http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/swamp.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/0150-swamps-and-marshes.php&usg=__etFd72hwKdTMQknEboBIuFEJkgQ=&h=300&w=400&sz=27&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=m1NNi0Ub-21prM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=163&ei=EyPrTe34EObViALx9s3hCA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dswamps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1066%26bih%3D741%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=294&vpy=114&dur=1463&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=138&ty=103&page=1&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&biw=1066&bih=741

LIFE IN RIVERS AND STREAMS

Rivers and Streams are:

Home to many different organisms Fast moving water Usually leads into a bigger body of water

(e.g. oceans&lakes)

Examples of living things in streams and rivers

Weed Algae Mosses Pike Catfish Trout Salmon(some may not reside but come back

seasonally or yearly to spawn)

Scientists&Rivers

Scientists examine the river waters to monitor the wildlife living in or around the area.

Examine the wildlife spieces, population, and availibility&water quality and quanitity.

For example… Large decrease in salmon pop. = scientists

look for problem in water Discover water is too heated in one area of

river Fix problem (water cooler) = Salmon saved!

LIFE IN WETLANDS

Wetlands nearby:

¼ all wetlands = in Canada Spawn land of freshfish in BC. 90% were torn in BC

Contribution to Environment

Filters water (takes out pollutants) Holds water= prevents flooding Home to wildlife (e.g. geese) Visiting spot of endangered species Rooted plants keep shorelines stable

pg.441

LIFE IN LAKES AND PONDS

The life in a lake or pond can be found near the shores, where the water is shallow and there are many nutrients for the plants and animals.

There a two types of Plankton. One being ‘Phytoplankton’ which is a plant and the second one being ‘Zooplankton’ which is an animal.

Phytoplankton= Provide food for everything. Insects to fish.

Zooplankton= Tiny animals that eat other plankton for food.

zooplankton phytoplankton

Lakes and Ponds are home to amphibians, larger fish and salamanders. Mammals and birds.

These bodies of fresh water also benefit the environment in many ways.

-Providing a habitat for a great variety of plants and animals

-Supporting rooted plants, which clean the water through natural processes.

Picture credits to

Clipart Bcscience8.com