LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND

IMMUNITYBy Sheena Yvarra & Taylah Montgomery

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General Functions Removes excess

fluid from tissues and transports it into the bloodstream

Absorbs fats from small intestine

Helps defend the body against disease-causing agents

Major Organs

Spleen Thymus

Thymus

Spleen

http://www.savorylotus.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/organs_of_the_lymphatic_system.jpg

Spleen Largest lymphatic organ FUNCTIONS:

Contains many macrophages, which filter foreign particles and damaged red blood cells from blood

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Thymus Relatively large during infancy

and early childhood; shrinks after puberty

FUNCTIONS:Contains inactive lymphocytes

and turn them into mature or active T cells

T cells (T lymphocytes) leave thymus & provide immunity

*Lymphocytes- white blood cell that attack invading viruses, bacteria, and other parasitic cells

http://www.mskcc.org/sites/www.mskcc.org/files/imagecache/enlarge/node/4708/images/497816.jpg

Lymphatic Pathway

Lymphatic vessels- transport lymph(fluid) throughout body

Lymphatic Capillary

Lymphatic Vessel

Lymph Node

Lymphatic Vessel

Lymphatic Trunk

Collecting Duct

Subclavian Vein

Lymphatic Pathway

Lymphatic Ducts: Thoracic Right Lymphatic

**Thoracic duct is larger and longer; lower limbs, abdomen, left side of body

*Right Lymphatic receives lymph from right side of head and neck

Lymph Nodes Vary in size and shape Usually less than 2.5 cm long Bean shaped FUNCTIONS:

Filters potentially harmful particles from lymph before returning it to the bloodstream

Centers for production of lymphocytes, and they also contain phagocytic cells

*Lymphocytes- white blood cell that attack invading viruses, bacteria, and other parasitic cells

5 Types of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)Antibodies- special proteins that fight off and destroy disease-causing

germs

Antigen- foreign substance introduced into the body and causes immune response; molecules produced by the body

1. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is in tissue fluid and plasma and defends against bacterial

cells, viruses, and toxins and activates complement, a group of immune system enzymes

2. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is in exocrine gland secretions (breast milk, saliva, tears)

and defends against bacteria and viruses.

3. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is found in plasma and activates complement and reacts

with blood cells during transfusions.

5 Types of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)

4. Immunoglobulin D (IgD) Found on surface of B

cells, especially those of infants

Activate B cells

5. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is found in exocrine gland

secretions and promotes allergic reactions http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/antigenAB.gif

Immune Responses First reaction to an antigen is called a primary

immune responseduring this response, antibodies are produced for

several weekssome B cells remain dormant as memory cells

Secondary immune response occurs rapidly as a result of memory cell response if the same antigen is encountered

http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/eh/eh_immunity_b/AdaptiveImmunityMemory.png

Active vs Passive Immunity Active immunity

person produces antibodies in response to the presence of antigen

Long-term immunity Passive immunity

Person receives antibodies produced by another individual

Short-term immunity

http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/upload/q7118722.gif

http://www.stmary.ws/highschool/science/humanbio/q3/q3%20pictures/passive%20immunity.gif

Vaccination Vaccine produces

another type of active immunity

helps protect against infectious disease by exposing you to a mild or dead version of the germ

Makes your body build up protection in the form of antibodies

Allergic Reactions Antigens that cause allergic

response is called allergens Allergic response is an immune

attack against a nonharmful substance, like chocolate

Sensitize lymphocytes and antibodies may bind antigens

Can damage tissues Can be dangerous and life-

threateninghttp://foodimentaryguy.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/peanuts1.jpg

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Tissue Rejection Reaction Recipient’s immune system may

recognize donor’s cell surfaces as foreign and attempt to destroy the transplanted tissue

Matching donor and recipient tissues can minimize the rejection reaction

Autoimmunity immune system fails to distinguish

self from nonself antigens Produces autoantibodies and

cytotoxic T cells that attack and damage the body’s tissues and organs

**Self antigen- antigen that originates within the body

** Nonself antigen- foreign antigens not originally within the body

http://alt-ternativeautoimmune.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/cells.gif

Diseases Lymphedema

Chronic swelling of the limbs caused by the accumulation of lymph fluid

Hodgkin’s lymphomaType of cancer that typically

occurs when the white blood cells become diseased or damaged

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Works Cited http://

glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0218378151/student_view0/chapter14/study_outline.html

http://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.html