By Sadie Entwisle, Sarah Ross, and Mandy McCandless
Slide 3
The Wheel and Axel Compound MachinesWheel and AxelCompound
Machines About the Compound Machine What it is How it works Video
Pulley What it is How it works Screws and levers Screws and levers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXaPr2tANiM Screws Levers Incline
Plaines and wedges Incline Plaines and wedges 1) Inclined Planes 2)
Inclined Planes (continuation) 3) Wedges 4) Videos 5) Pictures 6)
Bibliography
Slide 4
T.O.C
Slide 5
It is a simple lever that rotates in a circle around a center
point or fulcrum T.O.C
Slide 6
A wheel and axle is a lever that rotates in a circle around a
center point or fulcrum. The larger wheel (or outside) rotates
around the smaller wheel (axle). Bicycle wheels, ferris wheels and
gears are all examples of a wheel and axle. Wheels can also have a
solid shaft with the center core as the axle such as a screwdriver
or drill bit or the log in a log rolling contest. T.O.C
Slide 7
One common way to work a wheel and axle is by wrapping a rope
around a supported wheel with a lever sticking out. An object can
be tied to the other end. By turning the lever, the rope either
moves the object toward or away from you. T.O.C
Slide 8
The pulley is a simple machine that uses ropes to lift heavy
objects. T.O.C
Slide 9
As I stated before, it is a simple machine that uses ropes to
lift heavy objects. The pulley system consists of one or more
pulleys and a rope or a cable. The number of pulleys used may
increase or decrease the mechanical advantage of the system.
Generally, the higher the mechanical advantage is, the easier it is
to lift the object that is being lifted. Overall, no matter how
easy it is to use the pulley system, the system itself is not very
efficient due to the force of friction. For example, one has to
pull two meters of rope of cable through the pulleys in order to
lift an object one meter. The Pulley System The Pulley System
T.O.C
Slide 10
The pulley system consists of one or more pulleys and a rope or
a cable. The number of pulleys used may increase or decrease the
mechanical advantage of the system. Generally, the higher the
mechanical advantage is, the easier it is to lift the object that
is being lifted. Overall, no matter how easy it is to use the
pulley system, the system itself is not very efficient due to the
force of friction. For example, one has to pull two meters of rope
of cable through the pulleys in order to lift an object one meter.
T.O.C
Its a simple machine. Its usually made of metal. It is used to
fasten one object to another, to lift a heavy object, or to move an
object by a precise amount. Two screws of the same pitch and
diameter, one on the outer surface of a solid cylinder and the
other on the inner surface of a hollow cylinder, can be arranged so
that one may be driven spirally into the other, as in the common
nut and bolt. The thread on the surface of the bolt is called the
external, or male, screw; that on the inner surface of the nut, the
internal, or female, screw. Since, however, there is much friction
in the operation of a screw, the amount of work put into this
machine is much greater than the amount done and the efficiency is
small. The screw is often used for making delicate adjustments of
tools and machines. Table of contents
Slide 14
In physics, a lever is a rigid object that is used with an
appropriate fulcrum or pivot point to multiply the mechanical force
that can be applied to another object. This is also termed
mechanical advantage, and is one example of the principle movement.
A lever is one of the six simple machines. An example:
http://www.leversgame.com/http://www.leversgame.com/ Table of
contents
The inclined plane is a plane surface set at an angle, other
than a right angle, against a horizontal surface. The inclined
plane permits one to overcome a large resistance by applying a
relatively small force through a longer distance than the load is
to be raised. Ramps, sloping roads, chisels, hatchets, plows, air
hammers, carpenter's planes---all of these are examples of the
fourth basic machine: The inclined plane and its active twin
brother the wedge. In the broadest sense, the wedge includes all
devices for cutting and piercing---everything from a kitchen knife
to the 'Flying Wedge' of football, a play so effective in splitting
the opponents' formation it was outlawed.
Slide 19
It is easier to understand how a wedge works by looking at the
inclined plane, which is nothing more than a wedge sliced in half.
The wedge does its job by moving... the inclined plane is held
stationary while the "wedged material" is moved over it. The secret
of the plane's mechanical advantage lies in its ability to split
the force of gravity into two smaller forces; one perpendicular to
and one parallel to the plane. It is only the parallel force which
needs to be counteracted by pushing an object laying on the plane.
If there is no friction on the plane, the pushing effort required
will be 1/10th the weight if the length of the plane is 10 times
its height. A similar relationship holds for any plane: the extra
distance makes it possible to apply an effort smaller than the
weight.
Slide 20
The wedge is the active twin of the inclined plane. It does
useful work by moving. In contrast, the inclined plane always
remains stationary. This simple machine consists of a pair of
inclined planes set face- to-face, that can sustain relative
sliding or rolling motion. By moving one plane relative to the
other, a wedge is capable of building up enormous force in a
direction perpendicular to that of the moving wedge. Force
multiplication varies inversely with the size of the wedge angle; a
sharp wedge ( small inclined angle ) yields a large force. With
adequate friction at the interfaces, the wedge becomes a
separating, holding and stopping device with countless mechanical
applications.
Slide 21
Cute Video Experiment Video All About Simple Machines
Video
Slide 22
Slide 23
http://www.weirdrichard.com/wedge.htm
http://www.weirdrichard.com/wedge.htm
http://www.weirdrichard.com/inclined.htm
http://www.weirdrichard.com/inclined.htm For pictures and videos I
went to these websites and Google images/videos.
Slide 24
T.O.C
Slide 25
The compound Machine Video
Slide 26
A compound machine consists of two or more simple machines put
together. In fact, most machines are compound machines. Compound
machines can do more difficult jobs than simple machines alone.
Their mechanical advantage is far greater, too. Some examples are a
pair of scissors and a bicycle. T.O.C
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