BW_MDDATAMODELING

8/13/2019 BW_MDDATAMODELING

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Multi-Dimensional Modeling

with BW

ASAP FORBW ACCELERATOR

BUSINESSINFORMATIONWAREHOUSE

A background of the techniques used tocreate SAP BW InfoCubesDocument Version 2.0

SAP (SAP America, Inc. and SAP AG) assumes n res!nsi"i#i$% &r errrs r missins in $'ese ma$eria#s.

T'ese ma$eria#s are !rided as is* +i$'u$ a +arran$% & an% ind, ei$'er e-!ress r im!#ied, inc#udin "u$ n$ #imi$ed $, $'eim!#ied +arran$ies & merc'an$a"i#i$%, &i$ness &r a !ar$icu#ar !ur!se, r nn/in&rinemen$.

SAP s'a## n$ "e #ia"#e &r damaes & an% ind inc#udin +i$'u$ #imi$a$in direc$, s!ecia#, indirec$, r cnse0uen$ia# damaes$'a$ ma% resu#$ &rm $'e use & $'ese ma$eria#s.


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MULTI-DIMENSIONALMODELINGWITHBW

THBWASAP FORBW ACCELERATOR

Table of Contents

MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MODELING WITH BW.................................................................................1

ASAP FORBW ACCELERATOR..............................................................................................................1

TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................................................2

1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................1

1.1 SOFTWAREVERSIONSUPPORTED......................................................................................................11.2 REFERENCES.......................................................... ............... ................ ............... ............... ............. 11.3 OVERVIEW..................................................................... ............... ................ ............... ................ .... 2

3 FROM MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MODEL TO INFOCUBE FIRST APPROACH................. ......6

3.2 THEGOALSOFMULTI-DIMENSIONALDATAMODELS...........................................................................73.3 SUBJECTAREA................................................................... ............... ................ ............... ................ 73.4 THEROLEOFTHEBW BUSINESSCONTENT.......................................................................................73.5 BASICMODELINGSTEPS .................................................................................................................83. RESUME......................................................................... ............... ................ ............... ................ .. 2!

4 STAR SCHEMA BASICS AND MODELING ISSUES........................................................................22

4.1 HOWTHESTARSCHEMAWOR"S....................................................................................................224.2 STARSCHEMAISSUES.....................................................................................................................23

5 MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SCHEMAS IN BW.......................................................................................25

5.1 OVERVIEW............................................................... ............... ............... ................ ............... ........ 25.2 CONNECTINGMASTERTABLESTOINFOCUBES................................................................................285.3 DIMENSIONSINABW SCHEMA ......................................................................................................315.4 FACTTABLE......................................................................................... ............... ................ ........... 545.5 BW TERMINOLOG# .......................................................................................................................58

6 MODELING ISSUES ANDOF THE BW SCHEMA............................................................................60

.1 GRANULARIT# ...............................................................................................................................1.2 LOCATIONOFDEPENDENTATTRIBUTESINTHEBW SCHEMA..........................................................4.3 TRAC"INGHISTOR#INTHEBW SCHEMA........................................................................................8.4 M$N RELATIONSHIPS......................................................................................................................%3.7 FRE&UENTL#CHANGINGATTRIBUTES'STATUSATTRIBUTES(.........................................................%7

.8 INFLATIONOFDIMENSIONS.............................................................................................................%8.% MULTIPLEPROCESSREPORTINGSCENARIOS....................................................................................%%.1! ATTRIBUTEORFACT'"E#FIGURE(............................................................................................1!.11 ..................................................................................... ............... ................ ............... .............. 1!7.13 SAMECHARACTERISTICSEVERALTIMESINTHEMODEL...............................................................1!8.14 ARTIFICIAL"E#FIGURES...........................................................................................................1!8.15 BIGDIMENSIONS........................................................................................................................1!8.1 HIERARCHIESINTHEBW SCHEMA..............................................................................................111


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DATAMODELINGWITHBW ASAP FORBW ACCELERATOR

# Int$o%&'t(on

T'is dcumen$ !rides "acrund n $'e $ec'ni0ues used $ crea$e mu#$i/dimensina# s$ruc$ures

+i$'in SAP BW +'ic' are ca##ed In&1u"es and sues$ins $ 'e#! $'e cus$mer $ unders$and+'en $ a!!#% $'e arius $ec'ni0ues aai#a"#e.

#"# Soft)a$e *e$s(on S&++o$te%

T'is dcumen$ a!!#ies $ BW 2ersin 3.4B r 'i'er.

#"2 Refe$en'es

Fr mre de$ai#ed in&rma$in n $'e SAP BW Arc'i$ec$ure !#ease re&er $ The BW ODSWhitepaperand $ $'e !a!er

Hierachies in BW.

2 SAP AMERICA! INC" ANDSAP AG #


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MULTI-DIMENSIONALDATAMODELINGWITHBWI


#", Oe$(e)

2

T'e BW ersin 3.4 +as a ma%r s$e! in $'e e#u$in & $'e BW arc'i$ec$ure and &unc$ina#i$%.Frm $'e arc'i$ec$ure !in$ & ie+ $'e in$rduc$in & $'e ne+ BW O!era$ina# 5a$a S$re (BWO5S) is ms$ im!r$an$.

N$e6 T'e ne+ BW O5S in$rduced +i$' ersin 3.4B ma% n$ "e cn&used +i$' #a%er in ersin

7.3B +'ic' +as ca##ed O5S. T'is #a%er is renamed in 2ersin 3.4B $ Persis$en$ S$ain Area (PSA).T'e BW O5S is a mu#$i/#ee# #a%er in $'e BW da$a +are'use +'ic' &&ers $'e &unc$ina#i$% $ s$re$'e resu#$ & $'e da$a c#eansin and da$a $rans&rma$in !rcess in $rans!aren$ $a"#es +'ic' areca##ed O5S O"8ec$s. 5in s $'e BW O5S &rms $'e 'is$rica# &unda$in & $'e da$a +are'use.

T ena"#e !rcess in$era$in mu#$i!#e BW O5S O"8ec$s can &eed $'er O5S O"8ec$s r In&1u"es.Business ru#es can "e a!!#ied in $'e in$era$in !rcess.

T'e #en'$ & $'is in$era$in c'ain & O5S O"8ec$s is n$ #imi$ed "% BW.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" 2


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BW Info$.at(on Inte/$at(on A$'0(te't&$e

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Ad HocAd Hoc QueriesQueriesReportingReportingApplicationsApplicationsModelsModels

B&s(n

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SchedulingScheduling MonitoringMonitoring ChangeChangeManagementManagement

ServiceServiceManagementManagement

G$an&la$(t3

Inte/$at(on

T'e BW Arc'i$ec$ure ra!'ics i##us$ra$e $'a$ $'e In&1u"es s'u#d "e &unded n $'e in$era$in#a%er &r $ransac$ina# da$a $'e BW O5S, "u$ $'is is & curse an !$in. Fur$'ermre $'e In&1u"esare #ined $ cmmn mas$er re&erence da$a #ca$ed in mas$er da$a $a"#es, $e-$ $a"#es, and (e-$erna#)'ierarc'% $a"#es. T'us $'e BW in&ras$ruc$ure !rides $'e s$ruc$ure &r "ui#din In&1u"es &undedn a cmmn in$era$ed "asis. T'is a!!rac' a##+s &r !ar$ia# s#u$ins "ased n a "#ue!rin$ &r anen$er!rise/+ide da$a +are'use.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" ,


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Wi$' $'e re!r$in ca!a"i#i$% n $'e mem"ers & $'e BW O5S O"8ec$s, a#s in $'e cn$e-$ & $'is!a!er addi$ina# &unc$ina#i$% is &&ered.

BW O5S O"8ec$s can ei$'er "e accessed direc$#% r sere as 5ri## T'ru $are$ &rm $'e In&1u"e!in$ & ie+.

BW Info$.at(on A''ess A$'0(te't&$e

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B! O"erational Data tore! O"erational Data tore

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SchedulingScheduling MonitoringMonitoring ChangeChangeManagementManagement

ServiceServiceManagementManagement

BW9B&s(ness E1+lo$e$

9Web

9G$a+0('al Use$ Inte$f

SAP-Mo%els9A%an'e% Plann(n/

9Ente$+$(se Man/e.

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T0($% Pa$t3 Tools4ODBC5 ODBO6

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ourceystems

B! ODB! O"erational Data Store

#n$oCu%es End&'serData ccess

H+eer +'en $ use +'a$ BW s$ruc$ure (In&1u"es r O5S/O"8ec$s) as &unda$in &r re!r$in

and ana#%sis is n$ discussed in $'is !a!er. T'is is dne in The BW ODS Whitepaper.

T'e &cus & $'is !a!er is $'e su!!r$ & On#ine Ana#%$ica# Prcessin (O:AP) in BW. O:AP&unc$ina#i$% is ne & $'e ma%r re0uiremen$s in da$a +are'usin. Ru'#% s!eain O:AP &&erseen $ une-!erienced end/users $'e ca!a"i#i$% $ ana#%se "usiness !rcess da$a (;PIs) +i$' res!ec$$ $'e $erms & $'e in#ed "usiness #ines. T'is is nrma##% dne s$e! "% s$e! s$ar$in +i$' "usiness$erms s'+in $'e ;PIs n an area$e #ee# and &ur$'er "% !rceedin $ "usiness $erms n amre de$ai#ed #ee#.



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A sim!#e e-am!#e6

Salesorganisation Productorganisation Time KPIs

Sa#es 5e!ar$men$ Ma$eria# Gru!


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, F$o. M&lt(-D(.ens(onal Mo%el to InfoC&be 9F($st A++$oa'0

T'is c'a!$er dea#s +i$' $'e &undamen$a# s$e!s & mu#$i/dimensina# da$a mde#in $ &&er am$ia$in and unders$andin &r $'e #+in mre de$ai#ed mde#in discussins. T'e e-!eriencedreader ma% $'ere&re si! $'is c'a!$er.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" :


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,"#

,"2 T0e /oals of .&lt(-%(.ens(onal %ata .o%els

T'e era## a#s & mu#$i/dimensina# mde#s are 6

O&&er $'e in&rma$in $ $'e end/user in a +a% $'a$ crres!nds $ 'is nrma# unders$andin &'is "usiness i.e. s'+ $'e ;PIs r e% &iures r &ac$s &rm $'e di&&eren$ !in$s & ie+ $'a$inuence $'em #ie sa#es rania$in, $'e !rduc$C ma$eria# !ers!ec$ie r & curse $ime. In$'er +rds de#ier s$ruc$ured in&rma$in a##+in $'e end/user eas% naia$in n i$ usin an%!ssi"#e cm"ina$in & "usiness $erms $ i##us$ra$e $'e "e'air & $'e ;PIs.

Beside $'is $'e mde# s'u#d &&er $'e "asis &r a !'%sica# im!#emen$a$in +'ic' isunders$anda"#e &r s&$+are ($'e s ca##ed O:AP enine) $'us a##+s a !rram $ access easi#%$'e re0uired da$a

T cer $'e &irs$ !in$ +e in$rduce $'e Mu#$i/5imensina# Mde# (M5M).T'e ms$ !!u#ar !'%sica#im!#emen$a$in & mu#$i/dimensina# mde#s n re#a$ina# da$a "ase s%s$em "ased da$a +are'usesis $'e S$ar Sc'ema im!#emen$a$in. SAP BW uses $'e STAR S1HEMA a!!rac' and e-$ends i$ $su!!r$ in$era$in +i$'in $'e da$a +are'use, $ &&er eas% 'and#in and a##+ 'i' !er&rmances#u$ins.

,", S&b;e't A$ea

As $'is !a!er descri"es $'e !rceedin $ mde# BW In&1u"es +e assume $'a$ $'e su"8ec$ area +e+an$ $ crea$e a s#u$in &r is +e## de&ined. 5urin $'e mde#in s$e!s $'e a+areness ma% cme u!$'a$ $'e "es$ s#u$in +u#d mean mre $'an ne In&1u"e. T'e cri$eria $'a$ inuence $'is decisin+i## "e discussed in a s!ecia# c'a!$er.

,"7 T0e $ole of t0e BW B&s(ness Content

T'e SAP BW is n$ de#iered as an em!$% "- "u$ +i$' a +ide rane & B&s(ness Contenti.e. +i$'read% &r #ad In&1u"e sc'emas n $'e s#u$in #ee# and een 0ueries "ased n $'ese In&1u"es.T'ere&re $'e 0ues$in ma% arise +'e$'er i$ is necessar% $ discuss da$a mde#in +i$' res!ec$ $BW in a enera# and &undamen$a# manner. In si$ua$ins +i$' surce da$a &rm RC a!!#ica$ins $'ereis sme$'in $ "e said &r $'is "8ec$in. Bu$ a#s in $'is case +e &irs$ 'ae $ unders$and $'ein&rma$in needs & $'e end/user "e&re +e are a"#e $ cm!are $'ese +i$' $'e "usiness cn$en$.

Neer$'e#ess B&s(ness Content InfoC&besand een mre $'e B&s(ness Content InfoSo&$'es

(da$a s$ruc$ures &&ered "% RC a!!#ica$ins) 'e#!s a$ #eas$ $ a""reia$e $'e mde#in !rcess. We+i## n$ discuss $'e Business 1n$en$ and '+ $ e$ "ene&i$ durin $'e mde#in !rcess as $'is isdne in s!ecia# !a!ers.

I& '+eer +e are in $'e si$ua$in $ crea$e an In&1u"e "ased !ar$#% r een en$ire#% n nn/RCa!!#ica$ins (s ca##ed #eac% s%s$ems) $'e enera# !rceedin &&er a !r&ed a!!rac'.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC"


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,"8 Bas(' Mo%el(n/ Ste+s

The steps should be understood as a general approach. Up to what etend the! ha"e to be carriedout depends "er! much on the concrete situation and the eperience o# the in"ol"ed pro$ectmembers.

A&$er decidin a"u$ $'e su"8ec$ area $ "e $rea$ed $'e "asic s$e!s $'a$ #eads $ a SAP BW "aseds#u$in are6

#"#" Fo'&s on t0e st$&'t&$e of (nfo$.at(onFo'&s on t0e st$&'t&$e of (nfo$.at(on

5ee#!e a cm!#e$e unders$andin & $'e under#%in "usiness !rcesses

(e.. crea$e an En$i$% Re#a$ins'i! Mde# (5iaram) & $'e "usiness mde#)T'e ERM as a &unc$in & $'e in&rma$in

2"2" Fo'&s on anal3t('al nee%s -Fo'&s on anal3t('al nee%s - Oe$'o.e .o%el 'o.+le1(t3Oe$'o.e .o%el 'o.+le1(t3

1rea$e a a#id sc'emaTrans#a$e $'e ERM $ $'e M5M C S$ar Sc'emaT'e M5M as a &unc$in & $'e ana#%$ica# !rcessin

,"," B&(l% t0e sol&t(on as a +a$t of an (nte/$ate% %ata )a$e0o&seB&(l% t0e sol&t(on as a +a$t of an (nte/$ate% %ata )a$e0o&se

T'e sc'ema n $'e BW s$ae $'e In&1u"esTrans#a$e $'e M5M C S$ar Sc'ema $ ne r mre In&1u"e Sc'emas

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" =


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Sales Re+ ID

:as$Name

Sa#es5e!

Mate$(al ID

Ma$eria# Name

Ma$eria# T%!e

Ma$eria# Gru!

C&sto.e$ ID

1us$mer Name

1i$%

Rein

O&&ice Name

T(.e Co%e ID

Deelo+ a 'o.+lete &n%e$stan%(n/ of t0e &n%e$l3(n/ b&s(ness +$o'esses

In $'is s$e! +e &cus n $'e structurestructure& in&rma$in 6

t0e ent(t(es an% t0e $elat(ons bet)een t0e.

,"8"#"#

T'ere is n s$ric$ ru#e n '+ $ dee#! a cm!#e$e unders$andin & $'e under#%in "usiness!rcess. Neer$'e#ess usin an Ent(t3 Relat(ons0(+ Mo%el (ERM) is a d +a% & seein $'ere#ean$ "usiness "8ec$s and $'eir re#a$ins'i!s. Bu$ de!endin n $'e si$ua$in and $'e e-!eriencesme$imes i$ +i## "e su&&icien$ 8us$ $ !ain$ a diaram s'+in $'e en$i$ies and $'eir re#a$ins.

T#s #ie 2ISIO r Er+in r an% $'er mde#in $# cu#d "e er% 'e#!&u# in $'is s$e!.

An e-am!#e ma% "e $'e ms$ e&&icien$ means $ !ride $'e unders$andin & '+ $ a!!rac' $ aMu#$i/5imensina# Mde# C S$ar Sc'ema and &ina##% $ a a#id BW im!#emen$a$in and $ in$rduce$'e "asic $erms.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" ?


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I& $'e end/user descri"es 'is in&rma$in needs and $'us $'e su"8ec$ area as #+s6

>Trac $'e !er&rmance & ma$eria#s +i$' res!ec$ $ cus$mers and sa#es !ersns@ .

T'e #+in nuns $e## '+ $'e end/user #s a$ $'e +r#d6 Ma$eria#

1us$mer

Sa#es Persn

T'e nuns are "asic "usiness $erms and are usua##% ca##ed St$on/ Ent(t(es >

C&sto.e$ Mate$(al Sales Pe$son

%s& the end'user about the relationship between his basic business terms (strong entities).

Nrma##% $'e re#a$ins'i! "e$+een s$rn en$i$ies are N>M Relat(ons0(+s i.e. a cus$mer can!urc'ase mu#$i!#e ma$eria#s and ma$eria#s can "e !urc'ased "% mu#$i!#e cus$mers6

C&sto.e$ Mate$(al Sales Pe$son

%s& the end'user how he measures per#ormance.

T'is +i## ie %u $'e "asic Fa'ts. Fac$s are nrma##% & addi$ie na$ure and descri"e $'e n6mre#a$ins'i!s. In a "usiness scenari +i$' a +rin dcumen$ $'is dcumen$ &rms an Inte$se't(onEnt(t3+'ic' &$en res#es $'e n6m re#a$ins'i!s $ 76n re#a$ins'i!s. Bu$ in a &irs$ a!!rac' i$ is u!$ $'e end/user +'e$'er 'e +an$s $ mae ana#%sis n e.. sa#es $ransac$in #ee# i.e. +'e$'er 'e+an$s $'e +rin dcumen$ $ "e in $'e mde#6

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" #


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C&sto.e$

Sales T$ansa't(on

Mate$(al

Mate$(al /$o&+

Sales Pe$son

Sales De+a$t.ent

In$ersec$in En$i$%

*ow the customer is as&ed to be more precise. The customer determines that additional details #ormaterial+ customer and sales person are also re,uired.

T'is ies %u addi$ina# en$i$ies and a$$ri"u$es +'ere a$$ri"u$es are $'e *descri"in &ie#ds* & anen$i$% In ERM diarams a$$ri"u$es s'+ $'e *&ie#ds* in re#a$ina# $a"#es.T'e a$$ri"u$es demns$ra$e $ +'ic' e-$en$ i$ is !ssi"#e $ s$re da$a cncernin $'is en$i$%.

C&sto.e$

Mate$(al Sales Pe$son

Mate$(al /$o&+ Sales De+a$t.ent

-ustomer no

-ustomer name

-it!

egion

/aterial no

/aterial name

/aterial t!pe

color

price

/aterial group no

/aterial group name

....

Sales T$ansa't(onDate-ustomer no

/aterial no

Sales pers no

%mount

0uantit!

-urrenc!

Sales pers. no

Sales pers. name

.......

Sales dep. no

Sales dep. location

.......

It is use#ul #or the #ollowing steps to as& the end'user #or details concerning relationships betweenentities and relationships between entities and their attributes.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" ##


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I$ ies %u an idea & >a"nrma#@ si$ua$ins #ie n6m re#a$ins'i!s "e$+een an en$i$% and an a$$ri"u$e(s. ma$eria# and c#r). T'is re#a$ins'i!s 'ae $ "e $rea$ed care&u##%6

C&sto.e$

C(t3

Re/(on

Mate$(al G$o&+

Sales o$%e$

P$('e

Sales Pe$son

Sales De+t"

Sales De+t" Lo'"

Mate$(al

Mate$(al T3+eColo$

A&$er $'ese s$e!s %u +i## 'ae an d idea a"u$ $'e "usiness $erms and '+ are $'e re#a$ins'i!s"e$+een $'em. I$ ies %u a d "asis &r a mu#$idimensina# mde#.

,"8"#"2 Rea+(n/ benef(ts of BW@s B&s(ness Content

In SAP !rduc$ "ased scenaris $'e Business 1n$en$ In&Surces ie %u a d &unda$in $

iden$i&% en$i$ies, a$$ri"u$es and &ac$s (e% &iures) & $'e under#%in su"8ec$ area. As BW &&ers $'eIn&Surces rdered "% a!!#ica$ins i$ is eas% $ iden$i&% $'e In&Surce(s) +'ic' cer(s) %ursu"8ec$ area. I& $'e su"8ec$ area is "ased n cus$mer enera$ed s$ruc$ures #ie :IS and 1O/PA %u'ae $ cn$ac$ $'ese s$ruc$ures. T'e resu#$ is nrma##% a cm!#e$e se$ & en$i$ies and a$$ri"u$es. T'ere#a$ins'i!s can "e deried &rm $'e SAP !rduc$ da$a mde# i& $'e% are n$ "ius.

Een i& $'e s#u$in is n$ en$ire#% SAP !rduc$ "ased r %u !#an $ mira$e a surce #eac% s%s$eme.. $ RC in $'e &u$ure $'e res!ec$ie In&Surces s'u#d "e rearded.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" #2


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2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" #,


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,"8"2 Ste+ 2> C$eate a al(% S'0e.a

T'is decisie s$e! 'as $'e a# $ ercme mde# cm!#e-i$%

"% &cusin n ana#%$ica# needs.

Sales Re+ ID

:as$Name

Sa#es5e!

Mate$(al ID

Ma$eria# Name

Ma$eria# T%!e

Ma$eria# Gru!

C&sto.e$ ID

1us$mer Name1i$%

Rein

O&&ice Name

T(.e Co%e ID


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In a S$ar Sc'ema, ne dimensin re!resen$s ne $a"#e. T'ese D(.ens(on Tablessurrund $'e Fa'tTable, +'ic' cn$ains $'e &ac$s (e% &iures), and are #ined $ $'a$ Fac$ Ta"#e ia uni0ue e%s, ne!er 5imensin Ta"#e. Eac' dimensin e% uni0ue#% iden$i&ies a r+ in $'e asscia$ed 5imensinTa"#e. Te$'er $'ese dimensin e%s uni0ue#% iden$i&% a s!eci&ic r+ in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e.

Star Schema

Sales Re+Sales Re+IDID

:as$Name

Sa#es5e!

Mate$(al IDMate$(al ID

Ma$eria# Name

Ma$eria# T%!e

Ma$eria# Gru!

C&sto.e$C&sto.e$IDID

1us$mer Name

1i$%Re.in

O&&ice Name

T(.e Co%e IDT(.e Co%e ID


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C&sto.e$C&sto.e$ St$eetSt$eet SalesPe$sSalesPe$s SalesRe/(onSalesRe/(on Mate$(alMate$(al Un(tUn(t DateDateDate

-ustomer SalesPers /aterial Date %mount 0uantit!

Ides 1mbh /eier /onitor 234443 4555 6

-ustomer SalesPers /aterial Date %mount 0uantit!

Ides 1mbh /eier /onitor 234443 4555 6

Ides 1mbh /eier /onitor 234443

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T'e "asic !rceedin ma!!in an ERM $ $'e M5MC S$ar Sc'ema is s'+n n $'e #+in ra!'ic6

Sales Re+ ID

:as$NameSa#es5e!

Mate$(al ID

Ma$eria# NameMa$eria# T%!e

Ma$eria# Gru!

C&sto.e$ ID

1us$mer Name

1i$%

Rein

O&&ice Name

T(.e Co%e ID


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T'ese cnsidera$ins !ride a s$ar$in !in$ &r dimensin ana#%sis, "u$ addi$ina# cnsidera$ins+i## im!ac$ $'e ru!in & $'e a$$ri"u$es and +i## "e discussed in de$ai# #a$er.

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,"8", Ste+ , > C$eate an InfoC&be Des'$(+t(on

Bui#d $'e s#u$in +i$'in BW +i$' res!ec$ $ $'e ana#%$ica# needs and as a !ar$ & an in$era$ed da$a+are'use.

,"8"7

Trans#a$in $'e M5MC S$ar Sc'ema i.e. $'e resu#$s & S$e! 7 and S$e! 3 $ an In&1u"e 5escri!$inis & curse $'e $!ic & $'is !a!er and +i## "e ines$ia$ed in $'e #+in c'a!$ers in de!$'.

A &irs$ im!ressin is ien "% $'e #+in ra!'ic6

T$anslate t0e MDM5 Sta$ S'0e.a to an In&1u"e 5escri!$in >

Sales Re+ ID

:as$NameSa#es5e!

Mate$(al ID

Ma$eria# NameMa$eria# T%!e

Ma$eria# Gru!

C&sto.e$ ID

1us$mer Name

1i$%

ReinO&&ice Name

T(.e Co%e ID


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,": Res&.e

,":"#"#



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,"rea# +r#d@ nrma##% "% addin r+s $ $'eFac$ Ta"#e. Mre !recise c'anes in $'e +r#d #ie -ustomer >DJ77@ !urc'ase /aterial>BBB@ a$ Da!>7LLK4K43@ &r 744 crea$e a ne+ recrd in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e +'ic' is iden$i&ied"% $'e cm"ina$in & $'e e% a$$ri"u$es & $'e 5imensin Ta"#es. In $'is case $'e1us$mer num"er, $'e Ma$eria# Id and $'e 5a% 6

C0an/es (n t0e $eal )o$l% - ne) $o)s (n t0e fa't table

Mate$(al/$o&+ Mate$(al

? AAA

? BBB

< 111

< 555

Mate$(al/$o&+ Mate$(al

? AAA

? BBB

< 111

< 555

Mate$(al C&sto.e$ Da3 Reen&e

AAA DJ77 7LLK4L47 744

BBB DJ73 7LLK4L47 744

111 DJ73 7LLK4L47 744

555 DJ73 7LLK4L47 744

BBB 7


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Star-II. T0e $ole of t0e D(.ens(on Tables Bu$ $'ere are a#s c'anes "e$+een a$$ri"u$e a#ues & a$$ri"u$es +i$'in $'e samedimensin (e.. $'e ma$eria# ? "e#ns n #ner $ ma$eria# ru! < "u$ $ ma$eria# ru!). Usua##% $'ese c'anes ccur mre r #ess &re0uen$ and in $'e $'er% $'e% are $'ere&reca##ed >s#+#% c'anin dimensins@. H+ $ dea# +i$' $'ese c'anes 'as a "i im!ac$ nre!r$in !ssi"i#i$ies and $'e da$a +are'use manaemen$. T'e di&&eren$ $ime scenaris$'a$ are !ssi"#e and '+ %u can s#e $'ese +i$' BW are discussed in de$ai# in $'e ne-$sec$ins.

Re+o$t(n/

Star-III. Man% re!r$s can "e crea$ed "% accessin n#% $'e 5imensin Ta"#es (Mas$er da$are!r$in).

Star-IV. T'e S$ar Sc'ema saes in&rma$in a"u$ $'ins $'a$ did 'a!!en and not$'ins $'a$ didn$ 'a!!en (e.. re!r$ $'e reenue &r $'e cus$mers in Ne+


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Star-IX. (s. .7.).N #ea& a$$ri"u$e a#uesAain $'ere is n eas% +a% $ 'and#e $ransac$ina# in!u$ $ a S$ar Sc'ema +'ere

$'e &ac$s are &&ered a$ di&&eren$ a$$ri"u$e #ee#s +'ere"% $'e a$$ri"u$es "e#n $ $'e samedimensin. Fr e-am!#e, assume $'ere are $'e a$$ri"u$es ma$eria# and ma$eria# ru! in$'e same dimensin. Sme su"sidiaries can &&er $ransac$ina# da$a a$ ma$eria# #ee#+'ereas $'ers can n#% &&er da$a a$ ma$eria# ru! #ee#. T'e resu#$ in $'e #a$$er case is5imensin Ta"#e r+s +i$' "#an r nu## a#ues &r $'e ma$eria#, +'ic' des$r%s $'e uni0uee% ma$eria#.

Star-X. Un"a#anced Hierarc'ies2er% &$en +e 'ae a$$ri"u$es in a dimensin +'ere $'ere e-is$s a re#a$ins'i! "e$+eensme a$$ri"u$e a#ues +'ereas +i$' $'ers $'ere is nne. As $'e re#a$ins "e$+een a$$ri"u$ea#ues & di&&eren$ a$$ri"u$es +i$'in a dimensin &rm a $ree $'a$ +i## resu#$ in !a$'s &rm$'e r$ $ $'e #eaes & di&&eren$ #en$'. T'is un"a#anced 'ierarc'ies +i## !rduce re!r$s+i$' dumm% 'ierarc'% $ree ndes.

Table S(es an% Pe$fo$.an'e

Star-XI. 5n$ des$r% "r+sin !er&rmance. 5imensin Ta"#es s'u#d 'ae a re#a$ie#% sma##num"er & r+s (in cm!arisn $ $'e Fac$ Ta"#eQ &ac$r a$ #eas$ 7674 un$i# 7634).

S'0e.a Ma(ntenan'e

Star-XII. T'ere are n #imi$a$ins $ $'e S$ar Sc'ema +i$' res!ec$ $ $'e num"er & a$$ri"u$esin $'e dimensin and Fac$ Ta"#es e-ce!$ $'e #imi$a$ins caused "% $'e under#%in re#a$ina#da$a "ase.

Star-XIII. F#e-i"i#i$% reardin $'e addi$in & c'arac$eris$ics and e% &iures $ $'e sc'emacaused "% !r!er$ies & re#a$ina# da$a "ases.

8 M&lt(-D(.ens(onal S'0e.as (n BW



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BW >5ee#!ed@ S$ar Sc'emaBased n e-!erience +i$' $'e S$ar Sc'ema, $'e SAP BW Sc'emauses a mre s!'is$ica$ed a!!rac' $ uaran$ee cnsis$enc% in $'e da$a +are'use and $ &&ersc'ema "ased &unc$ina#i$% $ cer $'e end/users ana#%sis needs.

1rea$in a a#id a mu#$i/dimensina# Sc'ema in BW means a#+a%s $'a$ %u 'ae $ "ear in mind $'eera## en$er!rise da$a +are'use re0uiremen$s and $'e s#u$in s!eci&ic ana#%sis and re!r$inneeds. Wrn decisins in $'is area +i## 'ae a dee! im!ac$ $ $'e s#u$in. T'e resu#$ can mean "ad!er&rmance r een an ina#id sc'ema.

8"# Oe$(e)

T'e !ic$ure s'+s %u a mu#$i/dimensina# BW Sc'ema usin $'e e-am!#e &rm $'e !reiusc'a!$ers. On#% $'se !ar$s are inc#uded +'ic' are im!r$an$ &rm $'e mde#in !in$ & ie+.

FACT Ta&le

G e "i e$ 7 G e " ie $ 3 G e "i e $ A

B e F i r , 7

G e " i e $ A a

B e F i r , 3

R e . i n 7

G e " i e$ D G e " i e$ E

B e F i r , A

R e . i n 3

G e " i e $ I

B e F i r , D

G e " i e$ J G e " i e$ K

B e F i r , E

R e . i n A

2 e r $ r i e " s r . a n i s a $ i n

Mate$(alG$o&+

Mate$(al H(e$a$'03 TableMa$eria#5imensinI5Sa#esOr5imensinI5

Time5imensinI5

1us$mer5imensinI5

Sa#es Amun$=uan$i$%

Material 'um&er

:anuae 1de

Material 'um&er

:anuae 1de

Mate$(al Na.e

Mate$(al Te1t TableMate$(alJD(.ens(onJID

Material 'um&er

Material Dimension Ta&le

Mate$(al Maste$ Table

Material 'um&erMaterial 'um&er

Mate$(al T3+e

SalesRe+ Maste$ Table

Sales%ep 'um&erSales%ep 'um&er

Sales DEP

Sales%ep 'um&er

:anuae 1de

Sales%ep 'um&er

:anuae 1de

SalesRe+ Na.e

SalesRe+ Te1t Table

Customer 'um&er

:anuae 1de

Customer 'um&er

:anuae 1de

C&sto.e$ Na.e

C&sto.e$ Te1t Table

C&sto.e$ Maste$ Table

Customer 'um&erCustomer 'um&er

C(t3

Re/(onT(.eJD(.ens(onJID


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T'e Fac$ Ta"#e is surrunded "% D(.ens(ons

A D(.ens(oncnsis$ & di&&eren$ $a"#e $%!es6

D(.ens(on TableT'e a$$ri"u$es & $'e 5imensin Ta"#es are ca##ed in BW C0a$a'te$(st('s (e.. Ma$eria#).T'e me$a da$a "8ec$ in BW $ descri"e 1'arac$eris$ics and a#s ;e% Fiures (&ac$s) isca##ed InfoOb;e't

Maste$ Tables >

Maste$ Data Table

5e!enden$ a$$ri"u$es & a c'arac$eris$ic can"e s$red in a se!ara$e $a"#e ca##ed $'eMaste$ Data Table & $'e c'arac$eris$ic. T'e% are ca##ed in BW $ermin#%Att$(b&tes (e.. Ma$eria# T%!e).

Te1t TablesTe-$ua# descri!$ins & a c'arac$eris$ic are s$red in a se!ara$e Te1t Table. T'es%s$em runs cnsis$en$#% in di&&eren$ #anuaes a$ a $ime.

E1te$nal H(e$a$'03 TablesHierarc'ies & c'arac$eris$ics r a$$ri"u$es ma! "e s$red in se!ara$e H(e$a$'03Tables. Fr $'is reasn $'ese 'ierarc'ies are named E1te$nal H(e$a$'0(es (e..S$andard 1s$ 1en$er Hierarc'% &rm RC/1O &r $'e c'arac$eris$ic 1s$ 1en$er).

Important

% possible point o# con#usion is the use o# the term hierarch! in BW. The normalunderstanding o# hierarch! is de#ined as a se,uence o# parent'child relationshipsbetween characteristics. 7rom this perspecti"e+ there are hierarchies in theDimension Tables+ /aster Tables+ and in Hierarch! Tables.

T'e mu#$i/dimensina# Sc'ema in BW is se!ara$ed in$ $+ !ar$s6

T'e InfoC&be+'ic' descri"es $'e !rcess rien$ed !ar$ & $'e s#u$in. An In&1u"e

cnsis$ & One Fac$ Ta"#e and

Seera# 5imensin Ta"#es

T0e InfoC&be 9 t0e sol&t(on %e+en%ent +a$t of t0e s'0e.a



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T'e s#u$in/inde!enden$ s'ared Mas$er $a"#es a#id &r use +i$' an% In&1u"e and BWO5S O"8ec$ in $'e da$a +are'use.

T'ese Mas$er $a"#es are $'e #ue & $'e da$a +are'use and are discussed in de!$' in$'e ne-$ c'a!$er.

8"2 Conne't(n/ Maste$ Tables to InfoC&bes

T cer a## $'e re0uiremen$s Mas$er Ta"#es & a BW Sc'ema are n$ #ined direc$#% $ In&1u"esas $'e #+in sim!#i&ied !ic$ure i##us$ra$es 6

M&lt(-D(.ens(onal S'0e.a (n BW

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Te1t

SID Tables

Maste$

H(e$a$'0(es

H(e$a$'0(es

Maste$

SID Tables

Te1t

H(e$a$'0(es

Maste$

SID Tables

Te1t

H(e$a$'0(es

Maste$

SID Tables

Te1t

H(e$a$'0(es

Maste$

SID Tables

Te1t

H(e$a$'0(es

Maste$

SID Tables

Te1t

Te1t

SID Tables

Maste$

H(e$a$'0(es

Te1t

SID Tables

Maste$

H(e$a$'0(es

Te1t

SID Tables

Maste$

H(e$a$'0(es

D(.ens(on

Table

Te1t

SID Tables

Maste$

H(e$a$'0(es

D(.ens(onTable

D(.ens(on

Table

D(.ens(on

Table

D(.ens(on

Table

H(e$a$'0(es

Maste$

SID Tables

Te1t

FACT

As %u can "sere in $'e BW Sc'ema !in$er r $rans#a$in $a"#es ca##ed SID (Surra$e/I5)Tablesare used $ #in $'e s#u$in inde!enden$ Mas$er $a"#es & $'e BW Sc'ema $ In&1u"es.

T'e ra!'ic s'+s a sim!#i&ied ersin & $'e rea#i$% +'a$ ind & SI5 $a"#es e-is$ and $'eir $assis discussed in de$ai# in $'e SI5 $a"#e sec$in.

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8", D(.ens(ons (n a BW S'0e.a

Ear#ier +e in$rduced sme "asic ru#es $ de&ine $'e dimensins n $'e resu#$s & $'e !rir ana#%sis.

Ru#es & $'um" $6

A$$ri"u$es +i$' 76N cndi$ina# re#a$ins'i!s s'u#d "e s$red in $'e same D(.ens(on, suc' asma$eria# ru! and ma$eria#.

T'e &rein / !rimar% e% re#a$ins de&ine $'e dimensins.

I& +e 'ae made $'e decisin a"u$ $'e mem"ers & a dimensin +e 'ae $ cnsider $'a$ aD(.ens(onin $'e BW Sc'ema mi'$ cnsis$s & di&&eren$ !ar$s 6

G e "i e$ 7 G e "i e$ 3 G e "i e$ A

B e F i r , 7

G e " i e $ A a

B e F i r , 3

R e . i n 7

G e " ie $ D G e " ie $ E

B e F i r , A

R e . i n 3

G e " i e $ I

B e F i r , D

G e " ie $ J G e " ie $ K

B e F i r , E

R e . i n A

2 e r $ r i e " s r . a n i s a $ i n

Mate$(alG$o&+

Mate$(al H(e$a$'03 Table

Material 'um&er

:anuae 1de

Material 'um&er

:anuae 1de

Mate$(al Na.e

Mate$(al Te1t TableMate$(alJD(.ens(onJID

Material 'um&er

Material Dimension Ta&le

Mate$(al Maste$ Table

Material 'um&erMaterial 'um&er

Mate$(al T3+e

MaterialMaterial

DimensionDimension

We em!'asie $'e #+in6

D(.ens(ons (n a BW S'0e.a

T'e de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es & $'e c'arac$eris$ics can reside in di&&eren$ #ca$ins & a BW Sc'ema5imensin.

One & $'e !rimar% a#s & $'is !a!er is $ s'+ $'e di&&eren$ mde#in as!ec$s +'ic' resu#$ in adi&&eren$ #ca$in & an a$$ri"u$e in a dimensin & a mu$i/dimensina# BW sc'ema.

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Mate$(al

/aterial Dimension

Mate$(al/$o&+

Mate$(al

D(.ens(on table

As a CharacteristicAs a Characteristic ((Mate$(al

Maste$ table

As a 'avigationalAs a 'avigational!!DisplayDisplayAttri&uteAttri&ute ((

Mate$(alH(e$a$'03 table

As a )ierarchyAs a )ierarchy((

as $'e ra!'ic s'+s $'e Ma$eria# / Ma$eria# ru! re#a$in can "e desined de&inin Ma$eria# ru!

ei$'er as a 1'arac$eris$ic i.e. mem"er & a Mate$(al D(.ens(on Table

r as an a$$ri"u$e i.e. mem"er & $'e Mate$(al Maste$ Table

r as a nde descri"in a$$ri"u$e & $'e Mate$(al H(e$a$'03 Table

r as an3 'o.b(nat(on& $'e a"e !$ins.

W'ic' c'ice &i$s "es$ !rimari#% de!ends n $'e desired $ime as!ec$s in %ur 0ueries and isdiscussed in c'a!$er .

Important

To a"oid con#usion we emphasi:e;

In BW the terms characteristic and attribute shall onl! show the di##erent locations in the Schema. %sshown abo"e the /aterial group can occur e"en in the same schema as a Characteristic in the/aterial Dimension table and as an %ttri&uteo# /aterial in the /aterial /aster Data Table.

Without regard to a speci#ic schema location as with the meta data de#inition we $ust tal& aboutIn#oOb$ects o# t!pe characteristic.

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8","#

8","2 Maste$ Data Table

5e&inin an InfoOb;e't of t3+e C0a$a'te$(st('%u 'ae $'e #+in mde#in re#ean$ !$ins+i$' res!ec$ $ $'e de&in$in & $'e Mas$er 5a$a Ta"#e.

8","2"# Refe$en'e C0a$a'te$(st(' Ass(/n.ent

W'en de&inin an In&O"8ec$ & $%!e c'arac$eris$ic %u are ased +'e$'er %u +an$ $ re&er $ ane-is$in $'er c'arac$eris$ic. I& %u d s "eside $'ers $'e ne+ c'arac$eris$ic +i## 'ae $'e mas$er$a"#e & $'e re&erred c'arac$eris$ic.

Fr e-am!#e6 $'e c'arac$eris$ics >sendin cs$cen$er@ and >receiin cs$cen$er@ re&er $ $'e samec'arac$eris$ic 41OST1ENTER and $'us $'e same Mas$er Ta"#es

8","2"2 Maste$ Table E1(sten'e

5es a Mas$er 5a$a Ta"#e e-is$ a$ a## ($a" s$ri!6 Mas$er 5a$a / 1'ec "-)

T'is a##+s %u d add In&"8ec$s as a$$ri"u$es in $'e a$$ri"u$e $a" s$ri! sec$in.

Fr e-am!#e in %ur sc'ema a## a$$ri"u$es & a dcumen$ num"er ma% "e assined $ $'erc'arac$eris$ics #ie cus$mer r ma$eria#.

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8","2", Ass(/n(n/ Att$(b&tes

A resu#$ & $'e mde#in !'ase are $'e a$$ri"u$es & a c'arac$eris$ic +'ic' s'a## reside in i$@s Mas$er5a$a Ta"#e. T'e a$$ri"u$es are added usin $'e >A$$ri"u$es@ $a" s$ri! in $'e In&O"8ec$ main$enance.

T'ese a$$ri"u$es &rm $'e cmmunica$in s$ruc$ure &r $'e In&Surce $ #ad $'e mas$er da$a.

8","2"7 Att$(b&tes an% &e$3(n/

W'e$'er an a$$ri"u$e can !$en$ia##% "e used &r 0uer% naia$in (suc' as dri##/d+n, u!, acrss, r+i$'in) n an In&1u"e r O5S O"8ec$ can "e indiidua##% de&ined (A$$ri"u$e $a" s$ri!/ Naia$ina#c'ec "-es). I& %u mar $'e naia$in c'ec "- & an a$$ri"u$e $'is a$$ri"u$e is ca##ed aNa(/at(onal Att$(b&te"

N$e6 %u 'ae $ ac$ia$e $'e Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$es in $'e In&1u"e de&ini$in $ a##+ naia$in+i$' res!ec$ $ $'is In&1u"e.

Frm naia$ina# !in$ & ie+ naia$ina# a$$ri"u$es "e'ae #ie c'arac$eris$ics in an In&1u"e.Bu$ $'e re!r$in "e'air & $'e Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$es in Mas$er Ta"#es di&&er &rm $'ec'arac$eris$ics "e'air.

A$$ri"u$es n$ used &r naia$in are ca##ed D(s+la3 Att$(b&tes" I& an In&O"8ec$ & $%!ec'arac$eris$ic is an a$$ri"u$e and n$ mared as naia$ina# a$$ri"u$e $'en i$ is n#% !ssi"#e $ re!r$

$'is a$$ri"u$e in cn8unc$in +i$' a c'arac$eris$ic r +i$' a naia$ina# a$$ri"u$e.Fr a$$ri"u$es & $%!e e% &iure $'e #+in a!!#ies6

In&O"8ec$s & $%!e e% &iure are a#+a%s 5is!#a% A$$ri"u$es.

I& %u +an$ $ ca#cu#a$e in a 0uer% +i$' an a$$ri"u$e i$ 'as $ "e an In&O"8ec$ & $%!e e% &iure.

8","2"8 InfoOb;e't Na.es an% Na.es of Att$(b&tes

I$ is !ssi"#e $ crea$e sc'emas 'ain $'e same In&O"8ec$ as c'arac$eris$ic in a 5imensin Ta"#e& an In&1u"e and as Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$e & an$'er c'arac$eris$ic +'ic' is in $'e In&1u"e as+e##. T aid cn&usin %u s'u#d ie a name $ $'e Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$e $'a$ di&&ers &rm i$sc'arac$eris$ic name. T'e name is de&ined in $'e a$$ri"u$e $a"s$ri! &r eac' naia$ina# a$$ri"u$e.

Fr e-am!#e6

T'e In&O"8ec$ MMATERIA: is in $'e In&1u"e and MMATGR is a Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$e &rmMMATERIA:. :e$@s assume MMATGR is as a resu#$ & $'e mde# a#s a c'arac$eris$ic in $'eIn&1u"e. >Ma$eria# ru!@ is $'e name & $'e In&O"8ec$ MMATGR i& n+ %u +u#d use $'e samename >Ma$eria# ru!@ &r $'e Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$e $'is name +u#d ccur $+ice in $'e In&1u"edescri!$in & $'e 0uer% "ui#der. T'is +u#d cer$ain#% cn&use $'e end user.



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8","2": T(.e De+en%ent Att$(b&tes

Eac' A$$ri"u$e can "e de&ined indiidua##% as T(.e De+en%ent.

An e-am!#e +i## mae c#ear $'e di&&eren$ "e'air & Not T(.e De+en%ent an% T(.e De+en%entAtt$(b&tes "

E-am!#e Not T(.e De+en%ent Att$(b&tes6

T'e In&O"8ec$ Ma$eria# 'as $'e a$$ri"u$e Ma$T%!e and +e are n#% in$eres$ed $ use $'e #a$es$Ma$eria#s / Ma$T%!es cns$e##a$ins +i$'in re!r$s.

Ma$T%!e is de&ined as a n$ $ime de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e (n c'ec in $ime de!enden$ c'ec "-). :e$sassume $'a$ Ma$eria# >BBB@ 'as Ma$T%!e >44@ in 4L 7LLK. T'en a ne+ assinmen$ & Ma$T%!e >344@$ Ma$eria# >BBB@ in 74 7LLK +u#d er+ri$e $'e #d cns$e##a$in. T'e Ma$eria# Ma$T%!e

assinmen$s are s$red in $'e Not T(.e De+en%ent Att$(b&te Maste$ Data Table6

Ma$eria# Ma$T%!e

AAA 744

BBB 344

111 744

555 744

N$ Time 5e!enden$ A$$ri"u$e Mas$er 5a$a Ta"#e

($a"#e name6 CBI1CPMa$eria#)

E-am!#e T(.e De+en%ent Att$(b&tes6

T'e In&O"8ec$ Ma$eria# 'as $'e a$$ri"u$e Ma$Gru!.We are a#s in$eres$ed in &rmer Ma$eria#s Ma$Gru! cns$e##a$ins. Ma$Gru! is de&ined as a $ime de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e (c'ec in $imede!enden$ c'ec "-). :e$s assume $'a$ Ma$eria# >BBB@ 'as Ma$Gru! >?@. T'en &rm Oc$"er, 7s$7LLK a ne+ assinmen$ & Ma$Gru! >BBB@ is a#id. T'e resu#$ is a ne+ recrd in $'eT(.e De+en%ent Att$(b&te Maste$ Data Table+i$' $'e res!ec$ie a#idi$%. T'e #d cns$e##a$ine$s n#% a ne+ >5a$e T@ a#ue6



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Ma$eria# 5a$eFrm 5a$eT Ma$Gru!

AAA 47C7444 73CLLLL ?

BBB 47C7444 4LC7LLK ?

BBB 74C7LLK 73CLLLL n$ $ime de!enden$@ and >$ime [email protected]'e ac$iia$in & $'is In&O"8ec$ enera$es $'e #+in $a"#es (&r i##us$ra$in !ur!ses +e use $'ee-am!#e &rm $'e Mas$er Ta"#e sec$in) 6

6

Ma$eria# Mas$er Ta"#e &r not t(.e %e+en%ent a$$ri"u$es 65BIC5Pma$eria#

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" ,=


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Ma$eria# Ma$T%!e

AAA 744

BBB 344

111 744

555 744

N$ Time 5e!enden$ A$$ri"u$e Mas$er 5a$a Ta"#e

($a"#e name6 CBI1CPMa$eria#)

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" ,?


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Ma$eria# Mas$er Ta"#e &r t(.e %e+en%ent a$$ri"u$es 65BIC5Ma$eria#

Ma$eria# 5a$eFrm 5a$eT Ma$Gru!

AAA 47C7444 73CLLLL ?

BBB 47C7444 4LC7LLK ?

BBB 74C7LLK 73CLLLL in$erna#@ and >e-$erna#@ 'ierarc'ies in $'e BW Sc'ema +i## "ediscussed in c'a!$er .

8","8"#

5urin $'e crea$in & an In&O"8ec$ & $%!e c'arac$eris$ic %u de&ine $'e "asic &unc$ina#i$% &E-$erna# Hierac'ies &r $'is In&O"8ec$ (Ta"s$ri!6 Hierarc'ies) and +'e$'er $'e% e-is$ a$ a##.

8","8"2 E1te$nal H(e$a$'03 T3+es

T'e #+in e-$erna# 'ierarc'% $%!es are !ssi"#e 6

7. A##+ 2ersinin and C r $ime de!endenc% & $'e +'#e e-$erna# 'ierarc'% s$ruc$ure(5a$eT, 5a$e Frm)

3. Or (e-c#usie) a##+ $ime de!endenc% &r eac' e-$erna# 'ierarc'% nde ($ime de!enden$s$ruc$ure)

Wi$' "$' s$ruc$ure $%!es %u can a##+ in$era#s &r $'e #eae ndes +'ic' mae $'e de&ini$in& an E-$erna# Hierarc'% easier.

Important

7rom the per#ormance perspecti"e it is important to &now+ that ith eternal hierarchies o# t!pe 4there areprecalculated aggregatesat each le"el e"en #or speci#ic node "alues possible.

With eternal hierarchies o# t!pe 6 there are no precalculated aggregates.

8","8", Tables fo$ E1te$nal H(e$a$'0(es

T'e ac$ia$in & $'e In&O"8ec$ Ma$eria# resu#$s in $'e crea$in & $'e #+in $a"#es6

Ma$eria# H(e$a$'03 Ta"#e 6 65BIC5HMa$eria#

Ma$eria# H(e$a$'03 SID Ta"#e 6 65BIC5KMa$eria#

Ma$eria# SID-St$&'t&$e H(e$a$'03 Ta"#e 6 65BIC5IMa$eria#

8","8"7 Loa%(n/ E1te$nal H(e$a$'03 Data

E-$erna# 'ierarc'ies can "e $rans&erred in$ $'e BW direc$#% &rm an SAP !rduc$ enirnmen$ (e..s$andard cs$ cen$er 'ierarc'% &rm RC), de&ined manua##% in BW r #aded ia a$ &i#e. T'e #a$es$ isdiscussed in a se!ara$e !a!er.



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8","8"8 E1te$nal H(e$a$'0(es an% InfoC&be A''ess

BW a##+s %u $'e de&ini$in & mu#$i!#e E-$erna# Hierarc'ies &r a c'arac$eris$ic. E-$erna#Hierarc'ies can "e used &r c'arac$eris$ics in $'e 5imensin Ta"#es and &r ac$ia$ed Naia$ina#

A$$ri"u$es &r 0uer% naia$in.

E-am!#e6

1nsider a sim!#e e-$erna# 'ierarc'% &r c'arac$eris$ic 1un$r%. 1un$r% is a mem"er & $'e1us$mer 5imensin Ta"#e "u$ i$ cu#d "e ins$ead r addi$ina##% a Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$e in $'e1us$mer Mas$er 5a$a Ta"#e. T'e ndes are & $e-$ua# na$ure. I& >1n$inen$@ +u#d "e an In&O"8ec$& $%!e c'arac$eris$ic +e cu#d use $'is In&O"8ec$ $ de&ine $'e ndes usin i$s c'arac$eris$ic a#ues#ie >Eur!e@6

Wo$l%

E&$o+e

Ge$.an3

A&st$(a

S)(te$lan%

A.e$('a

USA

Cana%a

a+an

-,

-2

,

7

8

-#

#

2

:

Co&nt$3 H(e$a$'03

Set I%s onl3 s0o)n fo$ bette$ &n%e$stan%(n/

H+ $'e access &undamen$a##% +rs i##us$ra$es $'e #+in ra!'ic6

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" 7:


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SID Table> No%es

No%es

America

Eur!e

Wr#d

SID

/7

/3

/

C0(l%

/3

/7

::

,,

77

88

##

22

Pa$ent

/

/

/

/3

/3

/3

/7

/7

In'l&s(on Table>

Co&nt$3

SID

D

7

3

SID Table>

Co&nt$3

Co&nt$3

a!an

German%

Aus$ria

S+i$.

USA

1anada

C&sto.e$ D(.ens(on Table

DIM-ID

77

33

DD

JJ

C&st-SID

7J77

7J73

3J77

J77

DJ77

J77

J77

Co&nt$3-SID

##

##

22

,,

77

88

::

Te-$

Re!. A$$ri"u$es

Te-$

Re!. A$$ri"u$es

Fa't

Table

A nde & a 'ierarc'% can "e ei$'er $e-$ua# r an In&O"8ec$ +i$' a s!eci&ied a#ue e.. In&O"8ec$Ma$eria# ru! +i$' a#ue >?@. A## 5is!#a% A$$ri"u$es & $'e In&O"8ec$ Ma$eria# Gru! are asscia$ed+i$' $'is nde.



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T'e use & In&1u"e/inde!enden$ Hierarc'% Ta"#es is an addi$ina# !rere0uisi$e &r an en$er!rise/+ide da$a +are'use "ecause $'e Hierarc'% Ta"#e &r a c'arac$eris$ic n#% e-is$s nce. Mu#$i!#eIn&1u"es surin $'e same c'arac$eris$ic in a 5imensin Ta"#e access $'e same Hierarc'% Ta"#e.T'is is an$'er arc'i$ec$ura# as!ec$ $'a$ accmmda$es da$a in$era$in.

8",": D(.ens(on Tables of an InfoC&be

8",":"# Def(n(n/ D(.ens(on Tables

In $'e de&ini$in & an In&1u"e %u se#ec$ a## $'e In&O"8ec$s & $%!e c'arac$eris$ic +'ic' s'a## "edirec$ mem"ers & $'is In&1u"e. A&$er $'is %u de&ine %ur 5imensins and assin $'e se#ec$edc'arac$eris$ics $ a 5imensin.

Important

BW does not #orce !ou to assign onl! related characteristics to the same Dimension Table. Thiso##ers !ou additional schema potential. *e"ertheless as a rule o# thumb !ou should put onl!characteristics into the same Dimension that ha"e a parent < child relationsship.

T'e ac$ia$in & $'e In&1u"e resu#$s (+i$' ne e-ce!$in +'ic' +e discuss #a$er) $'en in $'eenera$in & In&1u"e 5imensin Ta"#es ne &r eac' 5imensin.

8",":"2 Col&.ns of a D(.ens(on Table

T'e c#umns & a 5imensin Ta"#e are n$ $'e c'arac$eris$ics $'emse#& "u$ $'e SI5s & $'ec'arac$eris$ics %u 'ae c'sen $ "e mem"er & $'e In&1u"e 5imensin (Ta"#e). T'e uni0ue e%& a 5imensin Ta"#e is $'e 5imensin I5 (5IM/I5) $'a$ is a surra$e e% ( in$eer D).

C&sto.e$ D(.ens(on Table

DIM-ID

7733

DD

JJ

C&st-SID

7J777J73

3J77

J77

DJ77

J77J77

Co&nt$3-SID

##

##

22

,,

77

88

::

We em!'asie6



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In $'e BW Sc'ema a surra$e e% is used as a uni0ue e% +i$' eac' 5imensin Ta"#e, n$ $'erea# ms$ ranu#ar c'arac$eris$ic +i$'in $'e dimensin. I.e. &r eac' uni0ue cm"ina$in & SI5a#ues & $'e di&&eren$ c'arac$eris$ics +i$'in a 5imensin Ta"#e $'ere is a uni0ue surra$e e%a#ue assined. S in $'e BW $'e 5imensin Ta"#es are 8ined $ $'e Fac$ Ta"#e usin surra$ee%s.

Important

The use o# a surrogate &e! as a uni,ue &e! in a Dimension Table allows modeling patterns li&e*;/ relationships within the same dimension or li&e lea#less hierarchies and most important itallows !ou to #ollow up changes o# constellations between "alues o# di##erent characteristicswithin the same dimension o"er time (time rows). This will be discussed in depth in chapter =.



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8",":", L(.(tat(ons

An In&1u"e a##+s

7 5imensins 5imensins e-is$ +i$' eac' In&1u"e (+'e$'er $'e% are used and $'us isi"#e r n$)

Time 5imensin Uni$C 1urrenc% 5imensin Pace$ 5imensin

T'us remainin 7 5imensins &r indiidua# sc'ema desin

Wi$'in eac' 5imensin Ta"#e ma% "e u! $ 3DK c'arac$eris$ics

Important

It should be mentioned that in the mar&et sometimes each attribute > characteristic is called adimension. This a potential point o# misunderstandings as $ust sa!ing with the BW Schema weha"e 4? dimensions and three o# them are used internall! this ma! sound "er! limited. Using thisde#inition o# a dimension there are 4@ A 63 dimensions possible with BW plus the dimensionsde#ined b! the *a"igational %ttributes.

8",":"7 D(.ens(ons an% Na(/at(on

A## c'arac$eris$ics +'ic' assined $ 5imensin Ta"#es can "e used &r naia$in (dri##in) and

&i#$erin +i$'in 0ueries. Naia$in +i$' Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$es & In&1u"e c'arac$eris$ics 'as $"e e-!#ic$#% s+i$c'ed n &r eac' Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$e (Ta"s$ri!6 Naia$in).

T'e ac$ia$in & a Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$e &r an In&1u"e can "e dne a&$er+ards. 5eac$ia$in& Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$es is n$ !ssi"#e

8",":"8 Loa%(n/ %ata (nto D(.ens(on Tables

5imensin Ta"#es are main$ained durin In&1u"e #ad.

8",":": S+e'(al BW D(.ens(ons

Wi$' BW +e 'ae s!ecia# !rede&ined 5imensins6

Time 5imensin Uni$C 1urrenc% 5imensin Pace$ 5imensin

8",":":"# Pa'et D(.ens(on



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Wi$' eac' #ad in$ an In&1u"e $'ere is a uni0ue Pace$/I5 assined. T'is a##+s %u $ !ureerrneus #ads +i$'u$ recrea$in $'e +'#e In&1u"e aain. T'e Pace$ 5imensin can cause aner'ead durin 0uer%in i$ $'ere&re can "e e#imina$ed a&$er !r&ed crrec$ness & $'e #ads u! $a cer$ain !ace$/id usin $'e cm!ress &ea$ure & $'e In&1u"e.

8",":":"2 Un(t5 C&$$en'3 D(.ens(on

T'e res!ec$ie 5imensin Ta"#e is enera$ed i& in $'e In&1u"e e% &iures are se#ec$ed +'ic' are &$%!e Amun$ r =uan$i$%.

Important

I# !ou are not interested in Unit or -urrenc! calculations !ou should de#ine the &e! #igures as*umbers and then introduce the Unit in the Ke! #igure header (li&e; Sales in HC). This will reduceo"erhead.

8",":"< D(.ens(ons )(t0 onl3 one C0a$a'te$(st(' 4L(ne Ite. D(.ens(ons6

2er% &$en +e 'ae $'e si$ua$in $'a$ ur mde# #e$@s us assin n#% ne c'arac$eris$ic $ a5imensin.

T'is +i## !r"a"#% ccurr i& &r e-am!#e %u 'ae $'e dcumen$ #ine i$em in %ur mde# r +i$'s!eci&ic re!r$in re0uiremen$s (1'a!$er 6 a## scenaris e-e!$ n. ).

In $'is si$ua$ins a 5imensin Ta"#e means n#% er'ead. BW a##+s %u de&ine $'is ind &5imensins as a L(ne Ite. D(.ens(on. (1'ec "- 5imensin de&ini$in)

5in s n 5imensin Ta"#e &r $'is 5imensin +i## "e enera$ed. As 5imensin Ta"#e +i## sere$'e SI5 Ta"#e & $'is c'arac$eris$ic. T'e e% in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e +i## "e $'e SI5 & $'e SI5 Ta"#e.

L(ne-Ite. D(.ens(on>

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L(ne-Ite.

D(.ens(on

(1) Fact Table(1) Fact Table

() Dimension Tables() Dimension Tables

(!) time-in"e#en"ent-SID(!) time-in"e#en"ent-SID($)($)time-"e#en"ent-SIDtime-"e#en"ent-SID

(%) &tra"itional& SID(%) &tra"itional& SID

11

!!

%%

$$

!!

%%%%

%%

%%

%%

%%

%%

%%

!! !!

%%

%%

%%%%

!!%%

%%

8","7LLL47@. :e$ us &ur$'er assume $'a$ +e e-!ec$ a #i&e $ime &ur In&1u"e un$i# >347473@. Wi$'u$ s!eci&%in a ma-imum a#ue &r $'e Par$i$ins +e +u#d'ae

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" 8:


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77 %ears - 73 mn$' V 3 7D Par$i$ins

T'e addi$ina# 3 Par$i$ins are resered &r da$a +'ic' 'ae a 41A:MONTH a#ue #ess r#arer ur e-!ec$ed a#ues.

T "rin in 7 =uar$er in eac' Par$i$in +e !rceed as #+s 6

7D Par$. C D , ma-imum D

Important

Partitioning #or a 7act Table has to be de#ined be#ore !ou acti"ate the In#o-ube. It cannot bedone a#terwards

The abo"e described 7act Table Partitioning a##ects onl! the E'7act Table. The 7'7act Table isautomaticall! partitioned b! the e,eust'ID. 7or this and other reasons do not #orget tocompress !our In#o-ube on a regular base



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8"8 BW Te$.(nolo/3

T'e #+in !ic$ure s'+s $'e di&&erences in $'e $ermin#%.

/D/ > Star Schema BW Schema

Fa't

Fa't Table

C0a$a'te$(st(' 5

Na(/at(onal Att$(b&te5D(s+la3 Att$(b&te 5

4e1te$nal6 H(e$a$'03

No%eD(.ens(on Table 5

Maste$ Table 5

Te1t Table 5

E1te$nal H(e$a$'03

Table 5

4SID Table6

D(.ens(on 4Table6

4D(.ens(on6 Att$(b&te

Fa't Table

Ke3 F(/&$e

Important

It should be mentioned that in the mar&et sometimes each attribute> characteristic is called adimension. This a potential point o# misunderstandings as $ust sa!ing with the BW Schema weha"e 4? dimensions and three o# them are used internall! this sounds "er! limited. Using thisde#inition o# a dimension there are 4@ A 63 dimensions possible with BW plus the dimensionsde#ined b! the *a"igational %ttributes.



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: Mo%el(n/ (ss&es an%of t0e BW S'0e.a

T'e !rceedin +i## "e $'a$ +e # a$ $'e arius im!r$an$ mde#in issues &rm a $!ic/"ased!in$ & ie+. E-!#ainin '+ $ im!#emen$ $'ese issues +i$' BW +i## s$e! "% s$e! im!re urunders$andin & $'e BW sc'ema.

Tr%in $ ma! rea# +r#d !rcesses $'e #+in ra!'ic i##us$ra$es $'e cm!e$i$in & di&&eren$in$eres$s +'ic' a#+a%s arise durin desin !'ase. T'is e-!#ains $'e reasn +'% sme & $'e #+inmde#in recmmenda$ins een cn$radic$ eac' $'er.

A d desin +i## a#+a%s "e a cm!rmise.

T'ere&re +e +i## a#s s$rie u$ $'e im!ac$s & mde#in es!ecia##% $ !er&rmance (!#ease 'aea#s a # $ $'e acce#era$r >Siin and Per&rmance@) and ice ersa.

Per#ormancePer#ormance

%spects%spects

1lobal1lobal

Data WarehouseData Warehouse

DesignDesign%spects%spects

%nal!sis%nal!sis

%spects%spects

-ompetition in Data Warehousing



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:"# G$an&la$(t3

T'e decisin a"u$ G$an&la$(t3$'a$ means $'e #ee# & de$ai# & %ur da$a is ne & $'e im!r$an$resu#$s & da$a mde#in !'ase. Granu#ari$% dee!#% inuences

Re!r$in ca!a"i#i$ies

Per&rmance

S!ace needed

:ad Time....


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Granu#ari$%6 ar$ic#e, da%, 44 sa#es da%s a %ear

7,444 ? 44 44,444 recrds in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e !er %ear due $ n#% $'ese $+ a$$ri"u$es i&a## ar$ic#es are s#d +i$'in a da%

Granu#ari$%6 ar$ic#e, 'ur, 44 sa#es da%s a %ear, 73 sa#es 'urs a da%

44 ? 44 ? 73 7,K44,444 recrds in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e !er %ear due $ n#% $'ese $+a$$ri"u$es i& n aerae 44 ar$ic#es are s#d +i$'in an 'ur

Fina##%, assumin 44 u$#e$s, $'ere +i## "e L44,444,444 recrds a %ear in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e.

:"#"2 I.+a'ts on Sto$a/e

=ui$e "ius#% ranu#ari$% direc$#% im!ac$s $'e s$rae s!ace needed. T'e Fac$ Ta"#e s$res $'e

$ransac$in da$a s is $'e #ares$ $a"#e in $'e In&1u"e. T'ere&re, reie+in $'e sie & $'e Fac$Ta"#e !rides a ru' idea & s!ace re0uired &r $'e In&1u"e.

Fr eac' 5imensin Ta"#e a &ur "%$e in$eer 5IM I5 (5imensin I5) is used, in cn8unc$in +i$' $'e$'er 5IM I5s, $ !in$ $ $'e asscia$ed r+ & da$a in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e. In addi$in, $'e #en$' & a##$'e e% &iures in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e mus$ "e cnsidered6

44N&.be$ Of DIM IDs6 7 Q 4Total Len/t0 of All Ke3 F(/&$es66 N&.be$ of Re'o$%s

Important

emember the three re,uired dimensions are time+ unit+ and pac&et.

:"#", I.+a'ts on Pe$fo$.an'e

:are Fac$ Ta"#es im!ac$ re!r$in and ana#%sis. A!ar$ &rm 'ard+are cnsidera$ins, $'ere are a&e+ addi$ina# cnsidera$ins $ ee! in mind

Area$in

Fr #are Fac$ Ta"#es cnsider $'e use & !reca#cu#a$ed area$es. See $'e im!#ica$ins,suc' as $'e increase in $'e s$rae s!ace re0uired, in an ear#ier sec$in & $'is dcumen$.

Par$i$inin

Par$i$in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e. T'e !$in e-is$s $ diide a $a"#e +i$' res!ec$ $ $'e a#ues & as!eci&ic a$$ri"u$e, in$ seera# !'%sica# $a"#es. T'is !rcess is $rans!aren$ $ $'e user. T'is$ec'ni0ue is use&u# +i$' #are Fac$ Ta"#es "ecause i$ !rides access ia sma##er inde-es.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" :2


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:"2 Lo'at(on of De+en%ent Att$(b&tes (n t0e BW S'0e.a

T'e BW Sc'ema &&ers mre $'an ne !ssi"#e #ca$in &r de!enden$ (!aren$) a$$ri"u$es. W'ere $!u$ de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es in $'e BW Sc'ema is ne & $'e decisie resu#$s & $'e !r8ec$s "#ue!rin$!'ase.

Pa$ent Att$(b&tes (n BW

Mate$(al

/aterial Dimension

Mate$(al/$o&+

Mate$(alD(.ens(on table

As a CharacteristicAs a Characteristic ((Mate$(al

Maste$ table

As a 'avigationalAs a 'avigational!!

DisplayDisplayAttri&uteAttri&ute ((

Mate$(al

H(e$a$'03 table

As a )ierarchyAs a )ierarchy((

T'e &reedm $ c'se "e$+een di&&eren$ #ca$ins & de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es means n rea# &reedmas $'e re!r$in "e'air and !ssi"i#i$ies di&&er and de!end u!n $'e #ca$in. T'us $'e re!r$inneeds ines$ia$ed durin $'e "#ue!rin$ !'ase & $'e !r8ec$ nrma##% de&ine e-ac$#% $'e #ca$in & ade!enden$ a$$ri"u$e. T'is is discussed in de$ai# in $'e #+in c'a!$ers.

.3.7 Per&rmance and :ca$in & 5e!enden$ A$$ri"u$es

T'e re!r$in needs s'u#d uide %u in $'e decisin +'ere !u$ a de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e. T'ere is #i$$#er n$'in $ "e said &rm $'e !er&rmance !in$ & ie+ in &ar & a$$ri"u$es in an In&1u"e5imensin Ta"#e ins$ead in Mas$er r Hierarc'% Ta"#es.



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.3.3 En$er!rise 5a$a Ware'use and :ca$in & 5e!enden$ A$$ri"u$es



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.3.

Frm an en$er!rise da$a +are'use !in$ & ie+ and a!ar$ &rm ana#%sis demands and !er&rmanceissues $'e #+in 'in$ s'u#d "e "sered6

Paren$ a$$ri"u$es s'u#d "e !#aced in mas$er $a"#es (/Naia$ina#C 5is!#a% A$$ri"u$es) rdesined as an e-$erna# 'ierarc'% $ minimie redundanc% and $ uaran$ee in$era$in in $'eda$a +are'use.

5a$a +are'usin s'u#d mean cn$r##ed redundanc% $ ac'iee a 'i' deree & in$era$in. Frm$'is !in$ & ie+ a## $'e de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es s'u#d reside in mas$er $a"#es +'ic' means in $'ee-$reme case $'a$ $'ere is n#% ne c'arac$eris$ic in eac' 5imensin Ta"#e (s. :ine/I$em 5imensin).

.3.D 5a$a :ad and :ca$in & 5e!enden$ A$$ri"u$es

A!ar$ &rm ana#%sis demands $'e #+in 'in$ s'u#d "e "sered6

1'arac$eris$ics de#iered "% $ransac$in da$a #ad are nrma##% #ca$ed in 5imensin Ta"#es (ru#e& $'um")

T'ere are di&&eren$ #ad !rcesses +i$'in BW cered "% di&&eren$ $%!es & In&Surces 6 In&Surces &r $ransac$in da$a #ad $'a$ &i## $'e In&1u"es

In&Surces &r mas$er da$a #ad $'a$ &i## Mas$er 5a$a Ta"#es, Te-$ Ta"#es and Hierarc'% Ta"#es

T'us $'e 5imensin Ta"#es are main$ained durin $ransac$in da$a #ad +'ic' means $ !u$ ac'arac$eris$ic in a 5imensin Ta"#e $'a$ is n$ de#iered &rm $ransac$in da$a #ad r $'a$ cann$ "esim!#% deried &rm $ransac$in da$a (#ie ca#endar %ear &rm da$e) means addi$ina# #u! &Mas$er 5a$a Ta"#es and $'us a cer$ain er'ead durin #ad $ime.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" ::


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70/115



:", T$a'(n/ H(sto$3 (n t0e BW S'0e.a

:","#

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" :=


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:","2

We n+ discuss $'e ms$ im!r$an$ $erm +i$' da$a +are'uses 6 t(.e

:",", H(sto$3 an% InfoC&be

T(.e an% Fa't Table

:",","#

1'anes er $ime are nrma##% $raced in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e "% #adin $ransac$in da$a.

I$ is $'e $as & $'e Fac$ Ta"#e $ $rac c'anes (e.. Sa#es) "e$+een c'arac$eris$ics & di&&eren$dimensins.

Fr e-am!#e6

i& $'e ma$eria# >EEE> is !urc'ased "% cus$mer >73> n da% >7LLL44>, $'is sa#e +i## ccur as a ne+r+ in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e and $'us $'e e-is$ence & $'e ne+ re#a$ins'i! "e$+een ma$eria# >AAA> andcus$mer >73> and da$e >7LLL44> "ecme isi"#e.

T0(n/s t0at %(% 0a++en

T'e Fac$ Ta"#e nrma##% re!r$s $'ins $'a$ did 'a!!en. T'ere is n eas% +a% $ re!r$ n $'ins $'a$

did n$ 'a!!en.

D(.ens(on Tables an% $eal )o$l% '0an/es

1'anes in $'e re#a$ins'i! "e$+een $'e a#ues & $+ c'arac$eris$ics +i$'in a 5imensin Ta"#e +i##"e $raced au$ma$ica##%, i.e. i& durin $ransac$in da$a #ad a ne+ a#ue cm"ina$in &rc'arac$eris$ics +i$'in ne 5imensin Ta"#e is de$ec$ed a ne+ 5im/I5 +i## "e assined &r $'is ne+cm"ina$in and a r+ is added $ $'e 5imensin Ta"#e re!r$in $'is ne+ cns$e##a$in. Addi$ina##%a r+ is added $ $'e Fac$ Ta"#e 'ain "eside $'ers $'is 5im/Id.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" :?


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Fa't Table

Mat-GR-SID Mat-SID Mat-DIM-ID

L74 447 777

L74 443 333

L34 443

L34 44

L34 44D DDD

?2 8 888

Mat-GR-SID Mat-SID Mat-DIM-ID

L74 447 777

L74 443 333

L34 443

L34 44

L34 44D DDD

?2 8 888?2 8 888

Mat Mat-SID

AAA 447

BBB 443

111 44

555 44D

EEE 44

Mate$(al SID

Mat-GR Mat-GR-SID

?#

?2

Mate$(al/$o&+ SID

Mat-DIM-ID T(.e-DIM-ID Reen&e

777 4LC7LLK 744

333 4LC7LLK 744

4LC7LLK 744

DDD 4LC7LLK 744

777 74C7LLK 744 333 74C7LLK 744

74C7LLK 744

DDD 74C7LLK 744

888 #5#??= #

Mat-DIM-ID T(.e-DIM-ID Reen&e

777 4LC7LLK 744

333 4LC7LLK 744

4LC7LLK 744

DDD 4LC7LLK 744

777 74C7LLK 744 333 74C7LLK 744

74C7LLK 744

DDD 74C7LLK 744

888888 #5#5#??=#??= ##

Mate$(al D(.ens(on Table

Fa't Table

EEE #5#??= #T$ansa't(on $e'o$%

A%% ne) $e'o$% to %(. table

A%% ne) $e'o$%

to fa't table

1'anes in $'e re#a$ins'i! "e$+een $'e a#ues & !aren$ / c'i#d a$$ri"u$es +i$'in a 5imensin arediscussed in de$ai# in $'e ne-$ c'a!$er.



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:","7 Slo)l3 C0an/(n/ D(.ens(ons

T Trac c'anes "e$+een a$$ri"u$es & di##erentdimensins (#ie a sa#es $ransac$in) is $'e >nrma#>"usiness & an In&1u"e and is cered "% $'e Fac$ Ta"#e.

Bu$ $'ere are a#s c'anes "e$+een c'arac$eris$ic a#ue and de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e a#ue assinmen$s.Fr e-am!#e 6

T$'e Ma$eria# >BBB@ "e#ns n #ner $ Ma$eria# ru! >?@ "u$ $ Ma$eria# ru! >


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75/115



Wi$' $'is sim!#e e-am!#e +e are a"#e $ !rduce D re!r$s +i$' di&&eren$ resu#$s +'ic' a## can c#aim$ re!r$ $'e $ru$'. Bu$ $'e $ru$' de!ends n '+ %u $rea$ c'anes in $'e re#a$ins'i!s "e$+eenMa$eria#s and Ma$eria# ru!s 6

Possible reporting demands;

Mate$(al /$o&+ Re ?5?= Re #5?=

# #

, 7

Re+o$t &s(n/ to%a3s 'onstellat(on

Mate$(al /$o&+ Re ?5?= Re #5?=

2 2

2 2

Re+o$t &s(n/ ?5?= 'onstellat(on

Mate$(al /$o&+ Re ?5?= Re #5?=

2 #

2 7

Re+o$t s0o)(n/ 0(sto$('al t$&t0

Mate$(al /$o&+ Re ?5?= Re #5?=

# # 2 2

Re+o$t s0o)(n/ 'o.+a$able $es&lts

T'e reader is ini$ed $ im!#emen$ $'is #i$$#e e-am!#e (8us$ L r+s in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e) n BW $ eri&%$'e #+in scenaris 6

S'ena$(o I > Re+o$t t0e %ata to to%a3s 'onstellat(on

-Today is 4esterday-

S'ena$(o II > Re+o$t t0e %ata to 3este$%a3s 'onstellat(on as )ell

-4esterday is Today-

S'ena$(o III > Re+o$t t0e %ata to t0e $es+e't(e 'onstellat(on

-Today or 4esterday-

S'ena$(o I*> Re+o$t onl3 on %ata fo$ 'onstellat(ons al(% to%a3 an% 3este$%a3

-Today and 4esterday-



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:","7"# S'ena$(o I> Re+o$t t0e %ata to to%a3s 'onstellat(on - To%a3 (s este$%a3

:","7"#"# S'ena$(o I > Des'$(+t(on

5Today is 4esterday6 or Today5s constellation is the truth 7

Re!r$ a## &ac$ da$a accrdin $ $da%>s a#ue cns$e##a$in & a c'arac$eris$ic and a de!enden$a$$ri"u$e .

E-am!#e &r Scenari I6

In 74 7LLK $'e assinmen$ & Ma$eria# >BBB@ $ Ma$eria# ru! >?@ +as c'aned $ >EEE@ assined $ Ma$eria# ru! >


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:","7"#"2 S'ena$(o I> Sol&t(ons )(t0 BW

#stSol&t(on >

5Today is 4esterday6 or Today5s constellation is the truth 8 *stsolution 7

5e&ine $'e de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e & %ur mu#$i/dimensina# mde# as Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$e & $'ec'arac$eris$ic.

E-am!#e &r Scenari I 7s$S#u$in6

Mate$(al /$o&+ as Na(/at(onal Att$(b&te (n t0e Mate$(al Maste$ table

Mate$(al /$o&+ Re ?5?= Re #5?=

# #

, 7

Re+o$t &s(n/ To%a3s 'onstellat(on

Fa't Table

Ma$Gr Ma$Gr/SI5

? L74

< L34

MatG$ T$a%(t(onal SID Table

Ma$Gr/SI5 Ma$eria# Ma$eria#/SI5

L74 AAA 447

L34 BBB 443 L34 111 44

L34 555 44D

L34 EEE 44

Ma$eria#/SI5 Ma$/5IM/I5

447 777

443 333

44

44D DDD

44 Mate$(al D(.ens(on Table

Ma$/5IM/I5 5a$e Reenue

777 4LC7LLK 744

333 4LC7LLK 744

4LC7LLK 744

DDD 4LC7LLK 744

777 74C7LLK 744

333 74C7LLK 744

74C7LLK 744

DDD 74C7LLK 744

74C7LLK 744

Mate$(al Att$(b&te SID Table

T'e !aren$ a$$ri"u$e (Ma$eria# ru!) resides in $'e Mas$er 5a$e Ta"#e & $'e c'i#d c'arac$eris$ic(Ma$eria#) (BW Admin WB 6 In&O"8ec$ main$enance/ A$$ri"u$es)



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T'e !aren$ a$$ri"u$e 'as $ "e de&ined as a Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$e $ a##+ dri## and &i#$er &unc$ins(BW Admin WB 6 In&O"8ec$ main$enance/ A$$ri"u$es and In&1u"e main$enance / Naia$in)



79/115



2n% Sol&t(on >

Today is 4esterday or Today5s constellation is the truth 8 +nd solution7

5e&ine $'e de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e & %ur mu#$i/dimensina# mde# as Nde A$$ri"u$e & an E-$erna#Hierarc'% & %ur c'arac$eris$ic.

As +i$' BW 2ers. 7.3" &r a## a$$ri"u$es & Ma$eria# $'ere +u#d "e n !reca#cu#a$ed area$es!ssi"#e een i& $'ere is n#% a $ime de!endenc% desired &r $'e Ma$eria# Ma$eria# ru!re#a$ins'i! (/ sec$in a"u$ area$es).

E-am!#e 3ndS#u$in6

Mate$(al /$o&+ as no%e-att$(b&te of an E1te$nal Mate$(al H(e$a$'03"

Mate$(al/$o&+ Re ?5?= Re #5?=

# #

, 7

Re+o$t &s(n/ To%a3s 'onstallat(on

Mat-DIM-ID Date Reen&e

### ?5#??= #

222 ?5#??= #

,,, ?5#??= #

777 ?5#??= #

### #5#??= #

222 #5#??= #

,,, #5#??= #

777 #5#??= #

888 #5#??= #

Fa't Table

Mate$(al Mate$(al-SID

AAA #

BBB 2

CCC ,

DDD 7

EEE 8

Mate$(al SID

Mate$(al-SID Mat-DIM-ID

# ###

2 222

, ,,,

7 777

8 888


Mate$(al H(e$a'03 Table

-1

'A))(

-2

'*(

-3

'#(

001

'AAA(

002

'BBB(

003

'CCC(

004

'DDD(

005

'EEE(

FF

Paren$ a$$ri"u$e resides in $'e Hierarc'% Ta"#e as nde a$$ri"u$e & an E-$erna# Hierarc'% & $'ec'i#d c'arac$eris$ic

N $ime de!enden$ 'ierarc'% name, s$ruc$ure r ersins are necessar% &r $'e E-$erna#Hierarc'% $ im!#emen$ $'is scenari.



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Today is 4esterday or Today5s constellation is the truth 8 conclusion 7

I& %u +an$ $ re!r$ %ur &ac$ da$a a#+a%s +i$' res!ec$ $ #a$es$ c'arac$eris$ic a$$ri"u$es a#uecns$e##a$ins $'e de!enden$ a$$ri"u$es 'ae $ "e ei$'er Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$es r Ndes & anE-$erna# Hierarc'% & $'e c'arac$eris$ic.:adin ne+ cns$e##a$ins (Mas$er r Hierarc'% da$a) $'e&ac$ da$a s$red n c'arac$eris$ic #ee# are au$ma$ica##% rea#ined $ $'e ne+ Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$er Nde a#ues.

Important

I# all dependent attributes o# a characteristic are *a"igational or Displa! %ttributes in thecharacteristicGs /aster Data Table or *odes o# an Eternal Hierarch! then remember the

possibilit! to de#ine this characteristic as Cine Item Dimension

:","7"2 Re+o$t t0e %ata to 3este$%a3s 'onstellat(on as )ell -este$%a3 (s To%a3

:","7"2"# S'ena$(o II > Des'$(+t(on

54esterday is Today6 or 4esterday5s constellation is the truth 7

A##+ $ re!r$ $'e &ac$ n$ n#% $ $da%@s "u$ a#s accrdin $ %es$erda%>s cns$e##a$in &c'arac$eris$ics and a$$ri"u$e a#ue assinmen$s.

E-am!#e &r Scenari II6

As desci"ed a"e in 74 7LLK $'e assinmen$ & Ma$eria# >BBB@ $ Ma$eria# ru! >?@ +as c'aned$ >EEE@ assined $ Ma$eria# ru! >


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-onstellation 23!31;

Mate$(al Mate$(al /$o&+

AAA ?

BBB ?

111 Des'$(+t(on

54esterday or Today6 or %eport the historical truth 7

Re!r$ $'e da$a accrdin $ $'e cns$e##a$in & c'arac$eris$ics and a$$ri"u$e a#ues +'ic' +as a#id+'en $'e da$a ccurred.

E-am!#e &r Scenari III6



87/115



:","7","2 S'ena$(o III> Sol&t(on )(t0 BW

54esterday or Today6 or %eport the historical truth 7

Pu$ $'e de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e & %ur c'arac$eris$ic as a c'arac$eris$ic in $'e same 5imensin.

E-am!#e &r Scenari III S#u$in6

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" =8


88/115



Mate$(al /$o&+ as '0a$a'te$(st(' (n t0e Mate$(al D(.ens(on table

Fa't TableMa$Gr Ma$Gr/SI5

? L74

< L34


Ma$Gr/SI5 Ma$eria#/SI5 Ma$/5IM/I5

L74 447 777

L74 443 333

L34 443

L34 44

L34 44D DDD

L34 44



777 4LC7LLK 744

333 4LC7LLK 744

4LC7LLK 744

DDD 4LC7LLK 744

777 74C7LLK 744

74C7LLK 744

74C7LLK 744

DDD 74C7LLK 744

74C7LLK 744

Mate$(al /$o&+ Re ?5?= Re #5?=

2 #

2 7

Re+o$t s0o)(n/ 0(sto$('al t$&t0

T'e !aren$ a$$ri"u$e (Ma$eria# ru!) resides as a c'arac$eris$ic in $'e 5imensin Ta"#e & $'e c'i#dc'arac$eris$ic (Ma$eria#) (BW Admin WB 6 In&1u"e main$enance / 1'arac$eris$ics).

I& $'e !aren$ c'arac$eris$ic is n$ de#iered ia $ransac$in da$a #ad an u!da$e ru#e 'as $ "e crea$ed$ de$ermine ia au$ma$ic #u! $ $'e 1'arac$eris$ic@s Mas$er $'e !aren$ c'arac$eris$ic a#ue.

Con'l&s(on - To%a3 o$ este$%a3 ->

T'is scenari i##us$ra$es a s$ren$' & $'e BW Sc'ema. T'e usae & surra$e e%s (5IM I5s) &r$'e 5imensin Ta"#es maes $'is $ime scenari !ssi"#e.

I$ a##+s %u $ $rac a## $'e cns$e##a$in c'anes and $ assin $'e a#idi$% & suc' cns$e##a$inim!#ici$#% ia $'e Time in $'e Fac$ Ta"#e.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" =:


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:","7"7 S'ena$(o I*> Re+o$t onl3 on %ata fo$ 'onstellat(ons al(% to%a3 an% 3este$%a3-To%a3 an% este$%a3-

:","7"7"# S'ena$(o I* > Des'$(+t(on

54esterday and Today6 or %eport the compara&le truth 7

Re!r$ n#% n $'e da$a &r cns$e##a$ins & c'arac$eris$ic and a$$ri"u$e a#ues $'a$ e-is$ed %es$erda%and s$i## e-is$ $da%

E-am!#e &r Scenari I26



90/115



T'is scenari ma% "e & in$eres$ i& %u +an$ cm!ara"#e resu#$s.

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" ==


91/115



:","7"7"2 S'ena$(o I*> Sol&t(on )(t0 BW

54esterday and Today6 or %eport the compara&le truth 7

Gien a a$$ri"u$e c'arac$eris$ic re#a$in.

5e&ine $'e de!enden$ a$$ri"u$e as a Time 5e!enden$ Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$e & $'e c'arac$eris$ic.5e&ine addi$ina##% user/de&ined 5a$e T and 5a$e Frm Time 5e!enden$ Naia$ina# A$$ri"u$es.Ta$'er +i$' $'e =uer% ;e% da$e and a Fi#$er n 5a$e T and 5a$e Frm e-c#udin %ur re!r$in$ime s!an %u e$ $'e desired resu#$.

E-am!#e &r Scenari I2 S#u$in6

Mate$(al /$o&+ as T(.e De+en%ent Na(/at(onal Att$(b&te (n t0e Mate$(al Maste$ table an%a%%(t(onal al(%(t3 att$(b&tes also %ef(ne% as T(.e De+en%ent Na(/at(onal Att$(b&tes"

Fa't Table

Ma$Gr Ma$Gr/SI5

? L74

< L34


Ma$eria#/SI5 Ma$/5IM/I5

447 777

443 333

44

44D DDD

44



777 4LC7LLK 744

333 4LC7LLK 744

4LC7LLK 744

DDD 4LC7LLK 744

777 74C7LLK 744

333 74C7LLK 744

74C7LLK 744

DDD 74C7LLK 744

74C7LLK 744

Mate$(al T(.e De+en%ent Att$(b&te SID Table

&e$3 Ke3%ate ?5 #5#??=&e$3 Ke3%ate ?5 #5#??=

Ma$Gr/SI5 Frm/User T/User Frm/S%s T/S%s Ma$eria# Ma$eria#/SI5

3*2 2*!*222 *+!3333 2*!*222 *+!3333 AAA 22*

L74 47C7444 4LC7LLK 47C7444 4LC7LLK BBB 443

L34 74C7LLK 73CLLLL 74C7LLK 73CLLLL BBB 443

3+2 2*!*222 *+!3333 2*!*222 *+!3333 CCC 22,

3+2 2*!*222 *+!3333 2*!*222 *+!3333 DDD 22-

L34 74C7LLK 73CLLLL 74C7LLK 73CLLLL EEE 44

Mate$(al /$o&+ Re ?5?= Re #5?=

# #

2 2

Re+o$t s0o)(n/ 'o.+a$able $es&ltsF(te$>F$o.-Use$ ##? - ?#??=

To-Use$ ##??= 9 #2????

F(te$>F$o.-Use$ ##? - ?#??=

To-Use$ ##??= 9 #2????

As in $'e


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T'e !aren$ a$$ri"u$e (Ma$eria# ru!) resides in $'e mas$er $a"#e & $'e c'i#d c'arac$eris$ic (BWAdmin WB 6 In&O"8ec$ main$enance/ A$$ri"u$es)

T'e e% da$e mec'anism &r addressin s!eci&ic mas$er da$a recrds des n$ a##+ $ime ranes

Fur$'ermre $'e 5a$eT and 5a$eFrm (T/S%s C Frm/S%s) a$$ri"u$es +'ic' are enera$edau$ma$ica##% $ 'and#e Time 5e!enden$ A$$ri"u$es cann$ "e used &r user de&ined naia$in r&i#$ers.

We 'ae $ de&ine ur +n 5a$eT and 5a$eFrm a$$ri"u$es (T/User and Frm/User) in $'emas$er $a"#e.

5urin mas$er da$a #ad $'e user 5a$e T a#ue & $'e #d mas$er recrd 'as $ "e u!da$ed.

Hin$6 5e&ine $ime aria"#es +i$' in$era#s &r 5a$e Frm and 5a$e T $ a##+ e-i"#e re!r$s and ana#%sis (BE- =uer% Bui#der)

e.. T mae a 0uer% +i$' cm!ara"#e da$a &r $'e !erid LC7LLK $ 74C7LLK %u 'ae $ de&ine$'e In$era#s as #+s6

4&se$%ef(ne%6 DateF$o. > ##? - ?#??=

4&se$%ef(ne%6 DateTo > ##??= 9 #2????

T0e &e$3 Ke3 %ate .&st be (n ? o$ #5#??=

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" ?


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:","8 Usa/e of T (.e S'ena$(os

As s'+n in $'e !reius c'a!$er BW su!!r$s a +ide rane & $ime scenaris. Summariin +'a$+e #earned in $'e !reius sec$ins +e em!'asie6

I$ is !ssi"#e $ desin a## $ime scenaris +i$'in ne BW Scema.

Us(n/ %(ffe$ent t(.e s'ena$(os (n a S'0e.a (n'$eases t0e +otent(al al&e of o&$ sol&t(on

T'us durin ana#%sis i$ is 0ui$e unders$anda"#e $'a$ $'e end/user ma% +is' $ 'ae a## $ime scenarisin $'e BW Sc'ema 8us$ in case.

I& $'is +is' cmes u! and $'ere is n &undamen$a# in&rma$in need ne 'ae $ +arn $'e end/user

"ecause 'e +i## 'ae $ !a% &r i$ 6

He +i## #se $'e sim!#ici$% & $'e Mu#$i/5imensina# Mde# and "eside $'is !rduce er'ead durin#ad and 0uer%in $'us6

W(t0 ea'0 a%%(t(onal t(.e s'ena$(o (n a BW S'0e.a t0e 'o.+le1(t3 (n'$eases an% t0&st0e +otent(al of e$$oneo&s an% .(slea%(n/ &e$(es"

A direc$ cnse0uence is6

A%%(t(onal t$a(n(n/ 0as to be %one fo$ a% 0o' &se$s an% fo$ &e$3 a&t0o$s to e1+la(n t0e%(ffe$en'es of t0e t(.e s'ena$(os an% 0o) an% (n )0('0 'ase to &se t0e."

Beside $'is e-!erience s'+s $'a$ 6

T0e al&e of 0(sto$('al st$&'t&$e %(.(n(s0es )(t0 t(.e es+e'(all3 )(t0 t0e s'ena$(o II

T0e s'ena$(os I III a$e t0e b3 fa$ .ost f$e&ent s'ena$(os"

I& n $'e $'er 'and side $'e end/user 'as a rea# need $ re!r$ usin di&&eren$ $ime scenaris $'e#+in ru#es 'as $ "e "sered6

Des(/n(n/ t0e sa.e +a$ent att$(b&te as a '0a$a'te$(st(' (n a D(.ens(on Table 4S'ena$(oIII > H(sto$('al T$&t06 an% as an Na(/at(onal Att$(b&te (n a Maste$ Data Table 4all ot0e$S'ena$(os6 (n a BW S'0e.a t0e Na(/at(onal Att$(b&te s0o&l% 0ae a na.e %(ffe$ent f$o.

t0e na.e (n t0e InfoOb;e't %ef(n(t(on to ao(% .(s&n%e$stan%(n/s"

O$'er+ise %u +u#d 'ae $'e same name $+ice in $'e 0uer% "ui#der (BW Admin WB 6 In&O"8ec$main$enance/ A$$ri"u$es).

Fur$'ermre +e rea#ie !er&rmance im!ac$s +i$' cer$ain $ime scenaris6

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" ?#


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T0e$e a$e no +$e'al'&late% a//$e/ates +oss(ble on T(.e De+en%ent Att$(b&te leel t0&s(nt$o%&'(n/ t(.e %e+en%en'3 fo$ an att$(b&te )(t0o&t an3 nee% .(/0t .ae +e$fo$.an'e(.+$oe.ents (.+oss(ble" T0e sa.e (s t$&e )(t0 e1te$nal 0(e$a$'0(es t0at a$e st$&'t&$e-t(.e-%e+en%ent"

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" ?2


95/115



:"7 M>N Relat(ons0(+s

M6N re#a$ins'i!s de$ec$ed durin #ica# mde#in need s!ecia# "sera$in.

:"8

2 SAP AG ANDSAP AMERICA! INC" ?,


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:"8"#"#



97/115



:":

:":"# M>N Relat(ons0(+s an% t0e Fa't Table

Nrma##% N6M re#a$ins'i!s "e$+een $+ a$$ri"u$es discered durin ana#%sis mean $'a$ $'e% resideas c'arac$eris$ics in di&&eren$ 5imensin Ta"#es #ie cus$mer and ma$eria#. And $'e Fac$ Ta"#eres#es $'is M6N re#a$ins'i!. T'is ind & re#a$ins'i! is descri"ed "% &ac$s C e% &iures #iereenue.

:":"2 M>N Relat(ons0(+s )(t0(n a D(.ens(on

N6M re#a$ins'i!s ma% a#s ccur +i$'in $'e same dimensin #ie Ma$eria# and 1#r r 1us$merand 1mmunica$in/Pssi"i#i$ies.

e.. Ma$eria# and 1#r

Mate$(al Colo$

1#r is an a$$ri"u$e & $'e c'arac$eris$ic Ma$eria#. A Ma$eria# can 'ae mu#$i!#e c#rs and iceersa. Frm nrma# unders$andin c#r s'u#d "e in $'e Mas$er 5a$a Ta"#e & ma$eria# #ie ma$eria#$%!e. Bu$ $'is is n$ !ssi"#e "ecause $'e ma$eria# is $'e uni0ue e% & $'e mas$er $a"#e. T'us +ecann$ 'ae ne ma$eria# +i$' mu#$i!#e c#rs in $'e mas$er $a"#e (T'is a $%!ica# c'a##ene +i$' S$arSc'emasS$ar/2III.).

:":"2"# Des(/n(n/ M>N Relat(ons0(+s &s(n/ t0e D(.ens(on Table

T'e BW Sc'ema a##+s suc' N6M re#a$ins'i!s #ca$in $'e !aren$ a$$ri"u$e 1#r as a c'arac$eris$icin $'e Ma$eria# 5imensin Ta"#e. T'is is !ssi"#e due $ $'e usae & surra$e e%s (5im Ids) in $'e5imensin Ta"#es a##+in $'e same Ma$eria# seera# $imes in $'e 5imensin Ta"#e.

A

A

A

B

B

D(. ID U.sat D(. ID Mate$(al 'olo$

7

3

D

74.444

73.444

3.444

4.444

D4.444

Fa't table D(.ens(on table

D(. ID SALES

reen

red

%e##+

"#ue

reen

X remem"er $'a$ $'ere are n#% SI5s in $'e dim $a"#e

7

3

D



98/115



:":"2"2 Des(/n(n/ M>N Relat(ons0(+s &s(n/ a Co.+o&n% Att$(b&te

I$ is !ssi"#e $ ac'iee $'e uni0ness & a c'arac$eris$ic de&inin ne r een mu#$i!#e a$$ri"u$es as a1m!und A$$ri"u$es (In&O"8ec$ maine$ance Ta"s$ri! 1m!und).

Co.+o&n% Att$(b&tes

I& %u can aid 1m!undin / d i$

1m!und A$$ri"u$es means a#+a%s an er'ead +i$' res!ec$ $

Re!r$in as %u +i## a#+as 'ae $ 0ua#i&% $'e 1m!und A$$ri"u$es +i$'in a 0uer%

And &rm !er&rmance !in$ & ie+.

Bea$ (n .(n%>

1m!undin means a#+a%s a 'eri$ae & Surce S%s$ems. W'a$ mae sense +i$' Surce S%s$emsdes n$ necessari##% mean $'a$ i$ mae sense in da$a +are'usin.

Remem"er $

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