BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TODAY

The Internet—More Than Just the WWW

BTT – Digital Literacy Mr.Garel

FOCUS QUESTION

• What impact has the Internet and the World Wide Web had on the world?

What Was the “Victorian Internet”• The Telegraph• Invented in the 1840s.• Signals sent over wires that were established

over vast distances• Used extensively by the U.S. Government

during the American Civil War, 1861 - 1865• Morse Code was dots and dashes, or short

signals and long signals• The electronic signal standard of +/- 15 v. is

still used in network

interface cards today.

A Brief Summary of the Evolution of the Internet

1945 1995

Memex Conceived

1945

WWWCreated

1989

MosaicCreated

1993

A Mathematical

Theory of Communication

1948

Packet Switching Invented

1964

SiliconChip1958

First Vast ComputerNetwork

Envisioned1962

ARPANET1969

TCP/IPCreated

1972

InternetNamed

and Goes

TCP/IP1984

HypertextInvented

1965

Age ofeCommerce

Begins1995

Copyright 2002, William F. Slater, III, Chicago, IL, USA

ARPANET

• ARPANET was developed in the 1960s by U.S. Department of Defense.

• The U.S. Department of Defense created ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) to withstand nuclear attacks and natural disasters.

• ARPANET was first used to share scientific and engineering information.

• ARPANET split into two parts in 1983– ARPANET for research– MILNET for military and defence agencies

NSFNET

• ARPANET was not fast enough by mid-1980s.

• National Science Foundation (NSF) created new high-speed network called NSFNET.

• There were two objectives to NSFNET:1. To interconnect supercomputing centres to

share resources2. To connect academic and research centres

to share information

• NSFNET replaced ARPANET in the early 1990s.

The Internet As We Know It

• More individuals purchased PCs in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

• NSFNET served only academic users.• Demand for Internet access drove

telecommunication companies to offer service to individuals.

TCP/IP

• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are protocols, or rules, for transmitting information that have to be followed. TCP/IP is– free– language of the Internet

Internet vs. World Wide Web

• The Internet is a collection of networks and computers and storage devices linked by cables and/or satellites.– Many types of data travel over the Internet.– One type is the World Wide Web hypertext

document.

• The World Wide Web is a collection of hypertext documents stored in computers connected to the Internet.

What is the Information Superhighway?

• It is what the Internet is expected to become as its carrying capacity is increased

USED FOR…• Sharing and communicating information that is

both fast and cost effective. • Recreation, education, academic research, and

on-line commerce • Current events (eg Olympics), travelling hints,

shopping, etc

World Wide Web

• The creation of the World Wide Web, along with the development of web browser applications led to huge growth of Internet and its use.

• The World Wide Web is a collection of millions of hypertext documents, most often written in a web authoring language called HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). The browser knows how to translate codes using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol).

• The Web is governed by W3C (World Wide Web Consortium).

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)• The four goals for the WWW:

1. Make it available to everyone.

2. Make it accessible by any device.

3. Use it for more than searching, browsing, and viewing information.

4. Make it safer, more trustworthy, and confidential.

Navigating the Web

• Navigating the Web requires a web browser. A browser is a program that interprets hypertext documents and displays them.

• Tim Berners-Lee created the first web browser in 1989.

• After NCSA Mosaic was released in 1993, free of charge, the number of web users increased dramatically. It was eventually replaced by Netscape Navigator.

• Modern browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox.

Hypertext Document Features

• Hypertext documents contain hyperlinks. These hyperlinks lead to other pages or another part of the same page. The cursor often turns to a hand when you put your mouse on top of a hyperlink.

• Hypertext documents are identified by an address called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator).

Structural Foundations

• Infrastructure is the structural foundation that enables technology to work.

• Communication satellites are critical for sharing information.

• Fibre optics are also critical to sharing information. Fibre optics carry information via light pulses along ultra-thin glass fibres.

How Does It All Work

• Computers must have software and protocols.

• Data must be properly packaged using TCP/IP. TCP/IP is a complex set of rules and procedures:– TCP divides data into packets– IP addresses the packets– TCP reconfigures packets at destination

How Web Browsing Works

• A URL is entered into browser’s address bar.

• A URL is converted into IP address via DNS server.

• A page is requested from web server.• Web-page files are sent to user’s

computer as packets through networks, routers, and gateways.

• Packets are reassembled on the user’s computer.

Connection Essentials

• Essential equipment for connecting to the Internet includes– computer– connection device (for example, a modem)– telecommunication software and protocols

(usually included with your computer)– link between computer and Internet– account with an ISP (Internet Service

Provider)

Connecting: Computer

• A high-speed, state-of-the-art computer is not required for all tasks.

• Computer needs are determined by the kinds of tasks performed.

Connecting: Device

• The most basic connecting device is the analog modem, which converts outgoing digital signal to analog to travel across telephone lines, then converts incoming analog signal to digital for your computer to understand.

– This device can be slow to connect.

• The broadband or high-speed modem, (either cable or DSL), sends and receives digital signals much faster than the analog modem.

Connecting: Link

• The analog modem connects to the telephone and needs a telephone cord.

• High-speed modems connect to cable or DSL modem using Ethernet or USB cable. This kind of connection is called an “always-on” connection.

Connecting: Account

• For a monthly fee, an ISP provides a variety of services depending on the provider:– access to the Internet– one or more e-mail accounts– server space for personal web pages– website portal

Wireless Technology

• A wireless router and a wireless adapter in your computer is needed to connect to the Internet without being physically connected by a modem.

• Some precautions must be taken if you use wireless technology in your home.

Web Browser

• A browser is not an essential part of an Internet connection.

• It allows navigation of pages on the Web.

• Common features include– navigation buttons– address bar– stop button– ways to organize favourite web pages– reload/refresh button

LITERACY TOOLBOX

• Writing For the Web– Since most people scan, rather than read,

web pages, keep page layout clean and free of clutter.

– Credibility is very important. Be sure to• proofread to eliminate all errors• use links to other websites• use high-quality graphics

– Summary of key findings• use meaningful subheadings• draw attention to subheadings and keywords• use bullet points• include only one idea per short paragraph

Getting Canadians Connected

• A total of 67.9% of Canadians were Internet users in 2005.

• Many users connect at school or work.• The factors that determine if a household

is connected– household income– age of the head of the household– level of education of the head of the

household– family type– location

Access for People with Disabilities

• People with disabilities can have difficulty accessing the Internet.

• Software can read the contents of websites and can convert contents to Braille.

• However, this software is expensive for users.

Digital Divide

• There is a gap between Canadians who have Internet access and those who don’t.

• Services are being delivered online but many cannot access them (for example, the elderly).

• Studies show lack of computer access is linked to lower literacy skills.

• To get everyone connected– people need to see a need– costs must be reduced or eliminated

Initiatives

• A total of $12 billion has been dedicated to developing ICT since 1993.

• Industry Canada and Human Resources Development Canada. Installed hardware in locations across the country.

• By 2010, $5 billion to be spent to help develop ICT infrastructure.

• Money is also being invested in training programs.

Aboriginal Communities

• An example of the Smart Communities initiative is the K-Net of Smart First Nations. Broadband Internet access was installed in several First Nations communities and delivers telehealth and distance education.

• The initiative is very costly due to harsh climates and vast distances.

REVIEW: USES OF THE INTERNET

• Stay in touch with people

• Discuss anything and everything

• Tap into information resources

• Retrieve documents

• Stay up to date on news and weather

• Play live, real time games