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- the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively.
-comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.
- can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system
Management
"Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that they do it in the best and the cheapest may."
- Frederick Winslow Taylor (Father of Scientific Management)
"Management is to forecast, to plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and control activities of others."
- Henry Fayol (Father of Modern Management)
“Management is the organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain policies and in achievement of clearly defined objectives.”
- Peter Drucker
“Management is the art of getting things done through people."
- Mary Parker Follett
"Management is what a manager does".
- Louis Allen
"Management is the art and science of decision making and leadership."
- Donald J. Cough
"Management is that process by which managers create, direct, maintain and operate purposive organization through systematic, coordinated and cooperative human efforts.“
- McFarland
"Management is the coordination of all resources through the process of planning, organising, directing and controlling in order to attain stated goals.“
- Henry Sisk
"Management is a social and technical process that utilizes resources, influences human action and facilitates changes in order to accomplish an organization's goals.“
- Tho Harmann, William Scott
Management
- Process (planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling)
-Organization/System(is a social group which distributes tasks for a collective goal)(consist of people, utilities, parties, other entities)
-Rules/Strategies(Regulations, Policies, Guidelines, Laws,)(implemented by leaders/managers)
-Objective(common goals, vision/mission)
-Resources(source or supply from which an organization gains profit)(e.g. economic and biological resources)
Manager- person/entity who directs the organization
- is a social group which distributes tasks for a collective goal. The word is derived from the Greek word organon, itself derived from the better-known word ergon which means "organ" - a compartment for a particular task.
Examples of organizations:
-corporations- governments- non-governmental organizations- international organizations- armed forces, charities, not-for-profit corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and universities.
In the social sciences, organizations are the object of analysis for a number of disciplines, such as sociology, economics, political science, psychology, and organizational communication.
Organization
Rules
- prescribed guide for conduct or actions- a determinate method for performing a mathematical operation and obtaining a certain result- a regulation or bylaw governing procedure or controlling conduct
Strategy
-a careful plan or method- the art of devising or employing plans or stratagems toward a goal
Resources
-a source or supply from which an organization gains profit. - typically, these are materials or other assets that are transformed to produce benefit and in the process may be consumed or made unavailable.
Business ManagementHuman resource managementOperations management or production managementStrategic managementMarketing managementFinancial managementInformation technology managementCustomer relationship managementData managementTime management
GovernancePublic AdministrationFamily ManagementCommunity Development
Pain managementTrauma management
Examples of Management
Rules/Strategies/
Utilization of Resources
Managers
Common goal/Objective
entities
Organization
entities entities
Management(Process)
- a person who has control or direction of an institution, organization, business, etc., or of a part, division, or phase of it.
- a person who controls and manipulates resources and expenditures
- a person who manages
Manager
Basic roles of Management
Interpersonal: roles that involve coordination and interaction with employees, networking.Informational: roles that involve handling, sharing, and analyzing information.Decisional: roles that require decision-making.
Management skills
Political: used to build a power base and establish connections.Conceptual: used to analyze complex situations.Interpersonal: used to communicate, motivate, mentor and delegate.Diagnostic: the ability to visualize most appropriate response to a situation.
Levels of Management
- Most organizations have three management levels: low-level, middle-level, and top-level managers
- These managers are classified in a hierarchy of authority, and perform different tasks.
Low-level ManagersConsist of supervisors, section leads, foremen, etc. They focus on controlling and directing. They usually have the responsibility of assigning employees tasks, guiding and supervising employees on day-to-day activities, ensuring quality and quantity production, making recommendations, suggestions, and up channeling employee problems, etc.
First-level managers are role models for employees that provide:
- Basic supervision- Motivation- Career planning- Performance feedback- Supervising the staffs
Middle-level ManagersConsist of general managers, branch managers and department managers. They are accountable to the top management for their department's function. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions.
Their roles can be emphasized as executing organizational plans in conformance with the company's policies and the objectives of the top management, they define and discuss information and policies from top management to lower management, and most importantly they inspire and provide guidance to lower level managers towards better performance.
Some of their functions are as follows:
- Designing and implementing effective group and intergroup work and information systems- Defining and monitoring group-level performance indicators.- Diagnosing and resolving problems within and among work groups.- Designing and implementing reward systems supporting cooperative behavior.
Top-level ManagersConsists of board of directors, president, vice-president, CEOs, etc. They are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They develop goals, strategic plans, company policies, and make decisions on the direction of the business.
In addition, top-level managers play a significant role in the mobilization of outside resources and are accountable to the shareholders and general public.
The following skills are needed at the top managerial level:
- Broadened understanding of how: competition, world economies, politics, and social trends effect organizational effectiveness.