Business Exposure Project

7/28/2019 Business Exposure Project

1/83

A

Project Report

On

Business Exposure

With references to

Parle Products Pvt. Ltd. D

Realization Media Pvt. Ltd. Pune.

Europa Locks, Bhosari , Pune.

Volkswagen, chakan, Pune.

Submitted to

University of Pune

By

BAGWAN MUSTAKIM FIROZ

S.Y.B.B.M

Roll no. 67

Under guidance of

Prof. Aishwarya Patil

Through

Smt. Kashibai Navale College Of CommerceErandwane, Pune-411004

(2012-2013)


2/83

Acknowledgement

I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to myguide (Professor/Mentor Faculty Name) for her exemplary guidance, monitoringand constant encouragement throughout the course of this . The blessing, help andguidance given by her time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey of lifeon which I am about to embark.

I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to CompanyMentor Name, Designation, Company Name, for his/her cordial support, valuableinformation and guidance, which helped me in completing this task throughvarious stages.

I am obliged to staff members of (Company Name), for the valuable information

provided by them in their respective fields. I am grateful for their cooperationduring the period of my assignment.

Lastly, I thank almighty, my parents, brother, sisters and friends for their constantencouragement without which this assignment would not be possible.

Place:- Pune BAGWAN MUSTAKIM FIROZ

Date:- S.Y.B.B.M


3/83

INDEX

SR.NO NAME OF THE INDUSTRY Page1. Parle Products Pvt. Ltd.

2. Realization Media Pvt. Ltd.

3. Europa locks

4. Volkswagen


4/83

Friday, April 6, 2012

History ofParleHISTORY OF PARLE-G

A long time ago, when the British ruled inIndia, a small factory was set up in the suburbsof Mumbai City, to manufacture sweets andtoffees. The year was 1929 and the market wasdominated by famous international brands thatwere imported freely. Despite the odds andunequal competition, this company calledPARLE PRODUCT, survived and succeeded byadhering to his quality and improvising fromtime to time.

A decade later, in 1939, Parle Product beganmanufacturing biscuits, in addition to sweets and toffees having already established a reputationfor quality, the Parle Brand name grew in strength with this diversification. PARLE GLUCOSEand PARLE MONACO were the first brand of biscuit to be introduced which later went on tobecome leading name for great test and quality. That time only one building was having in Vile-Parle where they were making production and any other process. Then gradually that companyexpanded in many buildings and today that company located in 14 Akers area. That time theywere transporting their products only by cycle.

HOW PARLE MADE BISCUITS AFFORDABLE TO ALL?

Biscuits were very much a luxury food in India, when Parle began in production in 1939. Apartfrom Glucose and Monaco biscuits Parle did offer a wide variety of brands.

However, during the Second World War, all domestic biscuits production was diverted to assistthe Indian Soldiers in India and the Far East. Apart from this, the shortage of Wheat in thosedays, made Parle decided to concentrate on the more popular brands, so that that people couldenjoy the price benefits. Thankfully today, theres dearth of ingredients and demand for morepremium brands is on the rise. Thats why Parle now have wide range of biscuits andmouthwatering confectionaries to offer.

STRENGTH OF PARLE BRANDS

Over the year, Parle has grown to become a multi million dollar company. Many of the parleProductsbiscuits or confectionaries, are market leaders in their..


5/83

on a one-to-one basis, and promote our belief of fun and health for the wholefamily Since 1929, Parle Products, with its wide platter of biscuits and sweets is

also actively engaged in changing and uplifting the social face of India. As part ofits Corporate Social Responsibility Policy, Parle is keenly involved in the overalldevelopment of the younger generation, with a focused endeavor to build the NewFace of India and spread happiness and joy all over.

Some of our best habits, as we said, are also our oldest. Many of them date back tothe last decade of the 19th century. It was in the 1880s that the late MohanlalDayal came to Bombay from his village Pard ,I in the district of Surat, to work as adusting boy at a silk merchants. What a long way that bright little boy came! First,

the hard apprenticeship and the graduation to Master Cutter, then the elite tailoringestablishment that eventually developed into a wholesale business to finally, thenew business in confections and biscuits. Always, the accent was on self-sufficiency. Mohanlal Dayal was not just a progressive and astute businessman. Henever gave in to the sense of indifference that often comes with the commercialoutlook. All through his life, he was deeply conscious of his duties towards societyand the community. He built the Shri Mohanlal Dayal Prasuti Graha and GeneralHospital in Pardi, which is maintained through charity trusts set up by him. TheShri Mohanlal Dayal Sanatorium and Hostel at Matunga in Bombay is anothersuch institution. In his memory and after his example, his sons have donated

significant sums to set up the Chauhan Institute of Science at Vile Parle.

Parle Centre of Excellence, as an institution, is dedicated to enriching the lives ofpeople by conducting various cultural programs across all regions to facilitate theall round development of children. Every year, Parle organizes Saraswati Vandanain the state of West Bengal during the festival of Saraswati Puja, inviting schoolsfrom all across the state to participate. The event is one of much fanfare andcelebration, keeping alive the culture and traditions. The involvement in culturalactivities has seen the inception of Golu Galata in Tamil Nadu, held during

Navratri. It provides all the members of a household a platform to showcase theircreativity and be judged by eminent personalities. Thousands of familiesparticipate and celebrate the occasion on a grand scale.

These events give us a chance to interact with children


6/83

OBJECTIVES

The Industrial visit was held considering certain aims and objectives to knowfollowing points regarding the industry:-

Companys BackgroundCompanys ManagementCompanys ProductProduction Process And TechniquesQuality Management TechniquesMarketing and Distribution StrategiesSafety Techniques

With the above points we could explore the different modes and means ofproduction process at each and every stage also a brief study over qualitymanagement could b done.


7/83

The original Parle company was split into three separate

companies owned by the different factions of the original

Chauhan family:

ParleProducts, led by Vijay, Sharad and Anup Chauhan (owner of thebrands Parle-G, Melody, Mango Bite, Poppins, Monaco and KrackJack)

Parle Agro, led by Prakash Chauhan and his daughters Schauna, Alisha andNadia (owner of the brands such as Frooti and Appy)

Parle Bisleri,led

Parle Agro

Parle Agro commenced operations in 1984. It started with beverages, and laterdiversified into bottled water (1993), plastic packaging (1996) and confectionary(2007). Frooti, the first product rolled out of Parle Agro in 1985, became thelargest selling mango drink in India.

Separation from the parent company

The original Parle group was amicably segregated into three non-competingbusinesses. But a dispute over the use of "Parle" brand arose, when Parle Agrodiversified into the confectionary business, thus becoming a competitor to ParleProducts. In February 2008, Parle Products sued Parle Agro for using the brandParle for competing confectionary products. Later, Parle Agro launched itsconfectionery products under a new design which did not include the Parle brandname. In 2009, the BombayHighCourt ruled that Parle Agro can sell its

confectionery brands under the brand name "Parle" or "Parle Confi" on conditionthat it clearly specifies that its products belong to a separate company, which hasno relationship with Parle Products.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parle_Productshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parle_Productshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parle_Productshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parle_Productshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frootihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frootihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_High_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_High_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_High_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_High_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_High_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_High_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frootihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frootihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parle_Products


8/83

Parle Agro brands

Parle Agro Pvt. Ltd operates under three major business verticals:

Beveragesfruit drinks, nectars, juice, sparkling drinks Waterpackaged drinking water Foodsconfectionery, snacks

Parle Agro also diversified into production ofPETpreforms (semi-finished bottles)in 1996. Its customers include companies in the beverages, edible oil,confectionery and pharmaceutical segments.

Beverages

Citra was a clear lemon and lime flavoured soda sold in India in the 1980sand early 90s.

Frooti

Launched in 1985, Frooti was India's only beverage sold in a TetraPakpackaging at the time. It went on to became the largest selling Mango drinkin the country.

AppyAppy Classic was launched in 1986 as an apple nectar and originallyavailable in a white tetra pack with an apple and leaf graphic. As of 2011, itcomes in black tetra packaging. It was the first apple nectar to be launched inIndia.

Appy Fizz

Launched in 2005, Appy Fizz is Indias first sparkling apple drink availablein a champagne shaped PET bottle.

Saint Juice

Launched in 2008, Saint Juice is available in three variantsOrange, Mixedfruit, Grape and Apple. At the time of its launch, its USP was "100% juicewith no added color, sugar or preservatives".

LMNLMN was launched in March 2009, as non-carbonated lemon drink (nimbupaani or lemonade)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frootihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetra_Pakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetra_Pakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetra_Pakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appy_Fizzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_selling_propositionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_selling_propositionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appy_Fizzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetra_Pakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frootihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate


9/83

Launched in 2008, Grappo Fizz is a sparkling grape juice drink. Creditedwith creating the sparkling fruit drinks category in India[Grappo Fizz isalong the lines of existing product Appy Fizz.

Water: Parle Agro has launched BAILLEY packaged drinking water.

Food

Confectionary

Mintrox mints (launched in 2008), hard mint candy available in 2 flavors Buttercup candies (launched in 2008), hard boiled candy; it is targeted at

kids and adults alike. Buttercup Softease, a toffee available in 4 flavors Softease Mithai, a toffee available in 3 flavors

Snacks

Hippo (launched in 2008), baked snack available in seven

flavors


10/83

MANUFACTURING OF PRODUCTFrom oven the hot biscuits are placed on the COOLING CONVYOR, which is

260 feet long and the biscuits continues to run on it for 5 to 7 minutes so that the

biscuits become cool and all the moisture that biscuits contain gets evaporated.

And because of the above reason the factory has S FLOW LAYOUT in thefactory.

The conveyor continues to move to COUNTING UNIT where biscuits arecounted and seen that it is going on properly or not.

The conveyor continues till the biscuits reach the STALKING TABLE at whichthebiscuits are packed in very orderly manner.

From cooling conveyor sum biscuits are diverted through AUTO FEEDINGMACHINE to another stalking machine where packing is done.

From stalking table the biscuits are moved on conveyor to MULTI PACKWRAPPING MACHINE were 16 biscuits are packed into a regular parle g

wrapper so that the weight of 16 biscuits comes up to 100 grams.

Then 24 packets of parle g biscuits are packed into a POLY BAG And afterpacking it into poly bag it is sent to SEALING MACHINE where it is sealed,

Then it is sent to CORRUGATE BOX SECTION in which 6 poly bags areplaced and

Then the boxes are kept on conveyor and sent to DISPATCH SECTION fromwhere the biscuits are sent to various places in India and all over the world.


11/83

FLOW CHART OF MANUFACTURING

The basic things that are involved in the manufacturing process are mainlyMIXINGMOULDINGBAKINGCOOLINGPACKING

All the above processes simultaneously helps in the manufacturing of product
http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=parle+g+production+process&source=images&cd=&docid=Gj5brJmx8ngrWM&tbnid=c_z7_o8esLC2rM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.bakerybazar.com/2012/08/rusk-manufacturing-process-flow-chart.html&ei=0jBIUdeQIqmUiAe6wYCwBw&bvm=bv.43828540,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNEyVMXTZCwY8JQVyP8-TwyezqsTMg&ust=1363771396978684


12/83

RAW MATERIAL:

Wheat flour Sugar Partially hydrogenated edible vegetable oils Invert syrup Leavening agents (503 Baking powder) Milk solids Salt Emulsifiers (E 322 or E 471 or E 481) and Dough conditioners (E 223) and contains added flavors.

The raw material is mixed in certain proportion, to get the best quality of biscuits.All the ingredients are tested in laboratory so that no low quality of raw material is

used in manufacturing process. The raw material is tested for their acidic value,moisture it contains, and quality of milk powder.

Inventory

The inventory of the company that is the raw material is of a week. They store suchinventory in store room and then is sent for testing in laboratory and after testing itis sent for production.

Shifts

There is nearly 10,000 employees working in the company and are working inthree shifts.35, 000 tones of biscuits are manufactured in a day of one particular

product, and there are such nine product manufactured in the factory.

Wastage

There are two type of wastage in factory. First is the waste materials fallen on

ground. Such waste material is of 1% which is marginal and acceptable which goesinto total waste. Second types of waste are the biscuit collected in tray of the multi-

pack wrapping machine, since these biscuit are broken they are not packed andsold to the customer but collected in other tray and sold as broken pieces and soldfor less price for cattle feeding.


13/83

Loose Biscuits

On the stalking table one to two rows of baked biscuits are kept aside for selling itas loose biscuits. They are normally assumed to be damaged biscuits but they arenot damaged or broken but company keep such loose packets of biscuits to sell it to

the local people for marginal rate of 33 Rs / kg.

BRAND,S OF PARLE:

BISCUITS:parle-g

Monaco


14/83

Hide & seek

Hide & seek bourbon

Parle Marie


15/83

Sweets:Melody

Chox

Kaccha mango bite

Mango bite


16/83

Snacks:

Parle wafers

Namkeen

Hippo


17/83

MARKETING STRRATEGY OF PARLE .

LATEST STRATEGY:

As part of its marketing initiative, Parle Products has recently adopted a majorpricing strategy whereby a 5 kg Parle-G Atta will be Pillsbury atta are priced atRs 104, and, Kissan Annapurna at Rs 102, in similar capacity available toconsumers and, along with Parle-G biscuit pack for free at Rs 90. However,competitors, .

AVAILABILTY

Parle-G is available in Europe, UK, USA, Canada, etc. In Canada, it is sold byZehrs, Food Basics, Loblaws, etc for only 99 cents for a 418 gram pack. Parle-Gor Parle Glucose biscuits, manufactured by Parle Products Pvt Ltd, are one of themost popular biscuits in India. Parle-G is one of the oldest brand names as well as

the largest selling brand of biscuits in India. For decades, the product was instantlyrecognized by its iconic white and yellow wax paper wrapper with the depiction ofa young girl on the front. Counterfeit companies have attempted to recreate andsell lower quality products of similar names with virtually identical package design

MARKET SHARE:

It has 70% market share in India in the glucose biscuit category followed byBritannia, Tiger (17-18%) and ITC's Sunfeast (8-9%). The brand is estimated to beworth over Rs 2,000 crore (Rs 20 billion), and contributes more than 50 per cent ofthe company's turnover (Parle Products is an unlisted company and its executives

are not comfortable disclosing exact numbers). Last fiscal, Parle had sales of Rs3,500 crore (Rs 35 billion). It also is popular across the world and is starting to sellin Western Europe

MARKETING MIX OF PARLE PRODUCTS LIMITED

Product strategy:Core benefit- the core benefit of biscuit is to satisfy hunger of the consumer.Basic product- in the second level, the basic product is biscuits.Expected product- the consumers expect the product to have a good taste and also

give nutrition.Augmented product- Parle biscuits increase a persons energy levels. o Potential

product- in the future Parle could come up with different products.


18/83

MARKET STRENGTH:The extensive distribution network, built over the years, is a major strength for

Parle products. Parle biscuits & sweets are available to consumers, even in the emost remote places and in the smallest retail outlets. Parle has nearly 1,500

wholesalers, careering to 4,25,000 retail outlets directly or indirectly. A twohundred strong dedicated field force services there wholesalers and retailers.

Additionally, there are 31 depots and C&F agents supplying goods to the wide

distribution network. Parle constantly endeavor at designing products that provide

nutrition and fun t o the common man. Most Parle offerings are in the low andmid-range price segments. This is based on their understanding of the Indian

consumer psyche. The Value for money positioning helps generate large salesvolumes for the products. However, Parle Products also manufactures a variety of

premium products for the up-market, urban consumers. And in this way, caters a

range of products to a variety of consumers

REASON OF PARLE-G MAINTAINING ITS PRICE OF RS.4.00 FOR MTHE LAST

25YRS????

Low profit margin. Decrease in weight per biscuit. Bulk purchase of raw material. Reduced wastage- 1% of the 115 TONES Increased productivity. Availability in remote places. Avoid sophisticated packing. 100g pack costing Rs 4 has net weight of 93.5g from Jan2008. Parle-G has seen the variation in sales due to increase in price. By mere 50 paisain 1995.

by Ramesh Chauhan All three companies continue to use the family trademarkname "Parle".


19/83

MARKET SHARE


20/83

SWOT Analysis


21/83

PRICING STRATEGY OF PARLE G

Appeal to all income groups : The product is appealing to the consumers as thetarget audience is basically kids. This product is suitable to all Income group.

Low and mid range price Segments: The pricing of the product is of low and midrange so as it suits every ones pocket

Value for money:Value for money allows all age group to enjoy parle products at fullest

Strict cost control at every point in supply Chain: It reaches 2.5 million outlets,

including villages with a population of 500 people

Parle havent raised price since 1994

Its a brand that has held its price line at Rs 4 for 25 years now the price waslast raised in 1994 by 25 paisa. So, its not for nothing that Parle-G is the worldslargest-selling biscuit by volumes.

Not that the company didnt try to raise prices to offset the overall hike in costs.Three years ago it did so, but quickly rolled it back after volumes fell sharply andconsumers wrote to lodge their protest.We want to cater to the masses and have consciously tried not to increase the

price. Parle-G is available for Rs 50 a kg. There are very few food items thatare available for Rs 50-60 a kg, says Pravin Kulkarni, generalmanager (marketing), Parle Products.Parle is, of course, not doing it for charity. Soaring input prices meant it opted forreducing the weight of the biscuit than increasing the pricefirst from 100 gm to92.5 gm in January 2008, and then to 88 gm in January this year in line with

other biscuit-makers and FMCG players.Regular customers would have noticed the number of biscuits in a pack comedown from 16 to 15 even as each biscuit became lighter, but they seemed tounderstand the cost pressures on the firm. The gamble paid off: Parle was able tosustain its volumes.


22/83

Strict cost control at every point in its supply chain also helped Parle enteredinto forward contracts with suppliers, outsourced production, increased the numberof manufacturing locations to 60 and consolidated buying.Raw material costs account for 60 per cent of the total costs in this segment and

packaging costs (plastic films) account for 20-25 per cent of this.Nirmalaya Kumar, professor of marketing at London Business School, feels its avery smart strategy. At this price point, price becomes more important than theweight of the biscuit. Its very interesting and similar to the dollar stores in theUS, he says.But price is not its only USP.

What makes the Parle G brand tick is also that it has been positioned on the healthplatform (a single pack of biscuit offers 450 calories). Its earlier punchline wasParle-G: swadh bhare, shakti bhare (full of taste and energy). Currently, the brand

uses two punchlines. Parle-G: G for Genius and Hindustan ki Taakat (the countrysstrength).The brand, says Kulkarni, meets different needs of customers: calories (energy),nutrition and value-for-money enough reasons why Parle-G enjoys close to 70

per cent market share in the glucose biscuit category and probably has the deepestreach.It reaches 2.5 million outlets, including villages with a population of 500 people,on a par with Unilevers Lifebuoy, ITCs cigarettes or mobile pre-paid cards.Its also one of the few FMCG brands in the country, whose customers straddleacross income segments.The brand is estimated to be worth over Rs 2,000 crore (Rs 20 billion), andcontributes more than 50 per cent of the companys turnover (Parle Products is anunlisted company and its executives are not comfortable disclosing exactnumbers). Last fiscal, Parle had sales of Rs 3,500 crore (Rs 35 billion).Competition has, of course, been trying to wean away customers from Parle.Britannia relaunched its Glucose-D biscuit as Tiger in 1995 and boasts of 17-18

per cent share, while ITCs Sunfeast glucose has captured 8-9 per cent, accordingto industry sources.Even Levers had forayed into this segment in 2003 and launched a glucose biscuit

branded as Modern, after it acquired the bakery business of Modern. There arestrong regional brands, including Priya Gold (west), Cremica (north) and Anmol(east).

But they still have their work cut out.


23/83

EXPORT:

Almost all of our products are market leaders and as recognition of their quality, have

won us 111 gold, 26 silver and 4 bronze Monde Selection medals since 1971.

Parle Products Pvt. Ltd. is a US $ 1 Billion conglomerate started in India in 1929. We

manufacture and market biscuits and confectionaries.

We have state-of-the-art machinery with automatic printing and packaging facilities. Our

biscuit baking oven is the largest of its type in Asia.

Over the decades, the efforts of our Research & Development wing have made the

repertoire of our products grow manifold.

In biscuits, Parle Products has offerings in glucose, milk, sweet and salted cream, wafer

crme, cumin seed and cheese categories.

In confectionery, we have a range of toffees and hard-boiled candies available in

chocolate, mint, cola, and tropical fruit flavors. Some of these are double layered toffees

and center filled candies. They are packed in rolls or pillow packs, or have a single or

double twist wrapping.

Almost all of our products are market leaders and as recognition of their quality, have

won us 111 gold, 26 silver and 4 bronze Monde Selection medals since 1971.

Parle enjoys a 40% share of the total biscuit market and a 15% share of the totalconfectionary market, in India.

Import-Export

The immense popularity of Parle Products in India was always a challenge to ourproduction capacity. Now, using more modern techniques for capacity expansion, wehave begun spreading our wings and we are going global.

Parle biscuits and confectionaries are fast gaining acceptance in international markets,

such as the Middle East, Africa and South East Asia. The more sophisticatedeconomies like U.S.A., UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand are also relishing Parleproducts.

As part of the efforts towards a larger share of the global market, Parle has initiated theprocess of getting ISO 9000 certification.

The Parle name symbolizes quality, health and great taste. And yet, we know that


24/83

constantly innovating and catering to new tastes has built this reputation. This can beseen from the success of its new brands such as Hide & Seek, Mangobite etc.

Today, the Parle brands have found their way into the hearts and homes of people allover India and abroad.

The Parle biscuit brands, such as, Parle-G, Monaco, Krackjack, Marie Choice, Hide &Seek and confectionery brands such as Melody, Poppins, Rolacola, Mangobite enjoy astrong imagery and appeal amongst consumers across the world.


25/83

This has resulted into Parle-G being the Worlds Largest

Selling Biscuit.
http://www.parleproducts.com/exports/exports.phphttp://www.parleproducts.com/exports/exports.php


26/83

REALIZATION MEDIA PVT. LTD.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rca44.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rca44.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rca44.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rca44.png


27/83

Introduction

Realization media pvt. Ltd. is engaged in producing audio and providing services to the

consumers with regard to their requirements of music. Cpml is one of its division which provide

training courses on audio recording. Realization media pvt. Ltd. is private held industry ehich

located in pune. It was an media production industry. Realization media is founded in 2009 n

Jeevan Vaishampayan and Shreedhar Deshpande are the fonder of this industry. Jeevan

Vaishampayan is Managing Director of realization media. Shreedhar Deshpande is the co-

founder of realization media and Head instructure at CPML.

This industry is specialized in marketing and distribution of music audio. The company size is

very small it is upto only 1-10 employees.

Realizations Media Pvt. Ltd. Media Production services such as: 1.Studio Services (Recording,

Voice Overs, Dubbing, Mixing) - AVID Pro Tools ICON HD 3 system 2.Indias 1st School forAVID advanced Pro Tools Training and Certifications 3.Audio Book Publications.

At Realizations,they work on :

1. Marathi Audio Books Publication

2. Studio Services (Recording, Mixing etc)

3. Paperback book publication

4. Ad films/ Documentaries

5. Corporate presentations

6. Content development

CPML is a division of Realizations Media Pvt Ltd.

We are Avid Authorized Training Partner in India teaching 100-level, 200-level and 310I ICON

courses. We also conduct a short course focusing on commercial audio recording in addition to

Pro Tools training.


28/83

CPML

CPML is a division of Realizations Media Private Limited, an organisation engaged in providinghighest knowledge and training in media studies. Centre for Professional MediaLearning (CPML) offers a comprehensive professional audio-video, still photography, musicproduction and Pro Tools training in partnership with world's biggest pro audio-videomanufacturers like Avid, McDSP, Sonnox. We help students to get most updated knowledgewith specialized courses in audio engineering, music production, and sound designing.Features:

- India's first AVID authorized training partner for Pro Tools Training and Internationallyrecognized Certifications- India's first training facility with the most updated music recording and mixing platformequipped with Pro Tools|HDX system- India's first training provider for offering 32-channel ICON D-Control ES in 5.1 surroundsound environment to our students

This course is intended for everyone those who wish to make a career as Audio Engineer orSound Engineer in entertainment industry. In the due period of course, we will take studentsvery close to commercial audio production in professional environment. The training programmedetails out various studio engineering theories, methodologies, workflows and skills important tobecome successful Audio Engineer, Producer or an industry professional.

Courses we conduct:

Certificate Course in Audio Recording:This course is intended for everyone those who wish to make a career as Audio Engineer or

Sound Engineer in Entertainment Industry. In the due period of course, we will take studentsvery close to commercial audio production in professional environment. The training details outvarious audio engineering theories, methodologies, workflows and skills, which are important tobecome successful Audio Engineer, Producer or an Industry Professional.Course Contents:

Physics of Sound (Characteristics of SoundWave, Decibles, ADSR, etc.)Mixing ConsolesMicrophones and Microphone TechniquesDynamics and Effects ProcessingRecording, Editing and MixingMastering TechniquesStudio Environment IssuesPro tools training(Avid Certificate User Exame)Studio hours for Self-Practice & Final Project

Duration: 4 months (alternate 3 days in week & 2 hrs. of session)


29/83

This course is enriched with best theoretical and practical knowledge of Recording, Editing,Mixing and Mastering of Audio. This educational programme has enormous potential to createprofessionals in Audio and Music.

Certificate Course in Music Arrangement & Production:

Arranging music is an art of creatively expanding already written composition. It includesmusical development of a composition giving an existing melody a musical variety. With ourrecognized and experienced experts, we have designed an intensive training program in MusicArrangement which will help you learn and understand what you would able to do in your music.When it comes to arranger, emphasis is given to understanding with the written composition andhow it must be represented to audience. Our aim with this program is to achieve that remarkablesense of structuring music around composition while giving justice to composer's work. Yourinstructor will help you develop this understanding and demonstrate various techniques to

achieve it. Course Contents:

Music Theory Staff Notations Swar and Raagas Scales and Chords Time Signatures and Rhythms Understanding Melody and Harmony Introduction to Musical instruments and genres Understanding a process of music composing and arrangement Understanding the process of Orchestration

Understanding various industry standard music production software programs like ProTools and Logic.

This course is enriched with best theoretical and practical knowledge of arranging and producingMusic.Course Duration: 6 months (5 days in a week & 2 hrs. of session)Contact:

Centre for Professional Media Learning (CPML)A division of Realizations Media Pvt. Ltd. is a professional Avid Learning Partner (ALP).Centrally located in city, we are Indias first training facility with the most update audio

recording and mixing platform equipped with Pro Toolshxd systems . we provide a learningenvironment that easily fit to your schedule.We strongly believe in experiential learning thats why our learning program are entirely projectand assignment based. To master the art of audio engineering, what all you need is a long

practice on industry grade platform under appropriate guidance and thats exactly we offer atCPML.


30/83

Process of Sound Recording :

The process of cpml is recording, mixing, editing, mastering, etc

Sound is a mechanical wave that is an oscillation ofpressure transmitted through

asolid,liquid, orgas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing. Sound also

travels through plasma.

The term studio recording means any recording made in astudio, as opposed to alive

recording, which is usually made in aconcertvenue or atheatre, with an audience

attending theperformance.

More on 'Studio Recording

Sound design is the process of specifying, acquiring, manipulating or generating audio

elements. It is employed in a variety of disciplines includingfilmmaking,television

production,theatre, sound recording and reproduction,live performance,sound art,post-

productionandvideo gamesoftware development. Sound design most commonlyinvolves the manipulation of previously composed or recorded audio, such as music and

soundMore on 'Sound Design'

Pro Tools is a digital audio workstation platform forMicrosoft WindowsandMac OS

Xoperating systems, developed and manufactured by Avid Technology. It is widely used

by professionals throughout the audio industries for recording and editing inmusic

production,film scoring, film and televisionpost production, musical notation and MIDI

sequencing. Pro Tools can run as standalone software, orMore on 'Pro Tools'

An audio engineer, also called audio technician, audio technologist, recording engineer,

sound engineer, sound operator, or sound technician, is a specialist in a skilledtradethat

deals with the use of machinery and equipment for the recording, mixing and

reproduction ofsounds. The field draws on many artistic and vocational areas,

includingelectronics,acoustics,psychoacoustics, andmusic. An audioMore on 'Audio Engineering'

Audio post production is the general term for all stages of production happening between

the actual recording in a studio and the completion of a master recording. It

involves,sound design,sound editing,audio mixing, and the addition of effects.

More on 'Audio Post Production'

Inelectronicsa mixer or frequency mixer is anonlinearelectrical circuit that creates new

frequencies from two signals applied to it. In its most common application, two signals at

frequencies f1 and f2 are applied to a mixer, and it produces new signals at the sum f1 +

f2 and difference f1 - f2 of the original frequencies. Other frequency components may
http://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Solidhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Solidhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Solidhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Liquidshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Liquidshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Liquidshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Gashttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Gashttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Gashttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Studiohttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Studiohttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Studiohttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Live_Recordinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Live_Recordinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Live_Recordinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Live_Recordinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Concertshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Concertshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Concertshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Theatrehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Theatrehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Theatrehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Performance_Tuninghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Performance_Tuninghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Performance_Tuninghttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FStudio_recording&urlhash=Wkk9http://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FStudio_recording&urlhash=Wkk9http://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Film_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Film_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Film_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Video_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Video_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Video_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Video_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Theatrehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Theatrehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Theatrehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Concertshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Concertshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Concertshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Sound_Arthttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Sound_Arthttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Video_Gameshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Video_Gameshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Video_Gameshttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FSound_design&urlhash=HFQAhttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FSound_design&urlhash=HFQAhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Windowshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Windowshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Windowshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/OS_Xhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/OS_Xhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/OS_Xhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/OS_Xhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Music_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Music_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Music_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Music_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Film_Scoringhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Film_Scoringhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Film_Scoringhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FPro_Tools&urlhash=y6kGhttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FPro_Tools&urlhash=y6kGhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Tradinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Tradinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Tradinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Soundhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Soundhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Soundhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Electronicshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Electronicshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Electronicshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Acousticshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Acousticshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Psychoacousticshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Psychoacousticshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Psychoacousticshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Musichttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Musichttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Musichttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FAudio_engineering&urlhash=r7bDhttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FAudio_engineering&urlhash=r7bDhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Sound_Designhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Sound_Designhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Sound_Editinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Sound_Editinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Sound_Editinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Mixinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Mixinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Mixinghttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FAudio_post_production&urlhash=xSqehttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FAudio_post_production&urlhash=xSqehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Electronicshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Electronicshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Electronicshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Nonlinearhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Nonlinearhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Nonlinearhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Nonlinearhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Electronicshttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FAudio_post_production&urlhash=xSqehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Mixinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Sound_Editinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Sound_Designhttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FAudio_engineering&urlhash=r7bDhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Musichttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Psychoacousticshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Acousticshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Electronicshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Soundhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Tradinghttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FPro_Tools&urlhash=y6kGhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Film_Scoringhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Music_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Music_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/OS_Xhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/OS_Xhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Windowshttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FSound_design&urlhash=HFQAhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Video_Gameshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Sound_Arthttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Concertshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Theatrehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Video_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Video_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Film_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen%2Ewikipedia%2Eorg%2Fwiki%2FStudio_recording&urlhash=Wkk9http://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Performance_Tuninghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Theatrehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Concertshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Live_Recordinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Live_Recordinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Studiohttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Gashttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Liquidshttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Solid


31/83

Mastering, a form of audiopost-production, is the process of preparing and transferring

recorded audio from a source containing thefinal mixto a data storage device (the

master); the source from which all copies will be produced (via methods such as pressing,

duplication orreplication). Recently, the format choice includes using digital masters

although analog masters, such as audio tapes, are

Inaudio recording, audio mixing is the process by which multiple recorded sounds are

combined into one or more channels, most commonly 2-channel stereo. In the process,

the source signals' level, frequency content, dynamics, and panoramic position are

manipulated and effects such as reverb may be added. This practical, aesthetic, or

otherwise creative treatment is done in order to produce a mix that is

Professional audio, also 'pro audio', refers to both an activity and a type of audio

equipment. Typically it encompasses the production or reproduction of sound for

anaudience, by individuals who do such work as an occupation like live event support,

using sound reinforcement systems designed for the purpose. (By contrast, consumer

audio is usually confined to the reproduction of sound in the home.)

The Basic sound Recording

Decide what music to record

Original or Cover tunes

If you are recording music that you have written, then all you have to do is decide which songs to

record. If you are recording music written by others then you have a couple of things to consider:

Song rightsTo record and release someone elses music (thats doing a cover) you need to purchase amechanical reproduction license. These are easy to get contact the artists publisher.Typically you pay a small amount per song per unit. For instance: if you record 3 songs by thelatest star and you sell 500 CDs you may pay $0.10 x 3 songs x 500 = $150.00

Getting the background musicYou may need to locate sheet music for the song. If you cannot locate sheet music but you havea recording you can hire a musician to listen to the recording and reproduce it in the studio

(which will typically cost more). Your studio can often help locate a musician suitable to do this.You may be able to find a pre-recorded backing track without the lead vocal. Give this to yourstudio engineer to merge with your singing.

Record the instruments and singers

There are many different ways to approach recording and to a large degree the best choice isdifferent for different artists.
http://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Productionhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Final_Mixhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Final_Mixhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Final_Mixhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Replicationhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Replicationhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Replicationhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Recordinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Recordinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Recordinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Audiencehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Audiencehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Audiencehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Audiencehttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Recordinghttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Replicationhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Final_Mixhttp://www.linkedin.com/skills/skill/Post_Production


32/83

Backing tracks

An economical way to record a singer is to purchase backup trackspre-recorded music withouta lead vocal. Your studio engineer transfers the backup track into his recording system, recordsthe singer, and then blends them together into your final product. While economical, you have no

option to change any part of the music to better suit the singer and the final sound is not quite asrealistic as having a real band.

Studio musicians

A studio musician is a player or singer with strong skills and significant experience in therecording studio. Being a good live player does not mean that you can be a good studiomusician. While it can be costly to hire a studio musician, you will save money on studio timethe studio musician will do an excellent job and do it in less time.

Self-accompanying

It is a rewarding experience to play your own instruments for a recording. Depending on yourskill level and experience it can also drive you crazy. Be prepared to play over and over and overagain to get it just right. After all, YOU have to live with the recording for the rest of your life.

The Process

Some musicians will rehearse a piece until they know it so well that they can play the wholething without the other players in their group. They will then send one player into the recordingbooth at a time, record their part, the next player goes in after, listens to the first part onheadphones and plays his part and so on.

Other groups must have all the players in the same room at the same time (the Rolling Stones dothis) because they have a real energy when playing together and they don't want to lose it in therecording process.

And then there are various in-between approaches, where certain key players play at the sametime and others play later. There is a balancing act when recording and the two sides thatcompete with each other are:

Capturing the "live" energy vs. Clean tracks of each instrument and ability to fix mistakes

Some professional studio musicians are so talented that, as a group, they can go through a song3-4 times and one of them will be close to perfect. Then there is the rest of us who need to relyon being able to re-do certain parts. We have to live with this recording for the rest of our livesand having to hear that same mistake over and over again it just too much to bear!


33/83

One other note, having instruments recorded individually means that you will not hear the otherinstruments in the background of the track. For instance, if I play my guitar and sing at the sametime the microphone for my voice will also pick some of the guitar and the microphone on theguitar will also pick of some of my voice. If I hit a wrong note either singing or playing andwant to go back and fix it, well, I can, but I may still hear a "ghost" of the bad note coming

through on the other track.

Mix the recording

Recording various instruments and voices on separate tracks (multi-tracking) provides flexibility,allowing one to re-do mistakes in one part without having to play all the other parts over again.If the bass player hits a wrong note, he can just replay that section by himself while listening tothe other pre-recorded parts on headphones.

The recordings that you buy in the stores (or download from the Internet) are not in a multi-trackformat. They are in a 2-track (stereo) format, one track for each ear. Mixing is the art of

blending multiple tracks down into 2 tracks.

When budgeting time for a recording project, allow a similar amount of time for mixing as youdo for the actual recording.

Mastering the mixed-down recording

Mastering can be described as putting the "finish" on a recording. The final mix is smoothed bybalancing the low, midrange, and high parts of its sound, making it ready for radio-play andpressing CDs. When producing an album, mastering also allows the songs to be placed in aspecified order and balances the volumes of each song to make sure the listener of the final

product does not have to turn the volume up and down while listening.

The mastering process can often make or break a recording - this is not an area to skimp (orskip!)

Duplicate the final product for distribution

Once your project is mastered you are ready for mass production. If you are releasing a CD thismeans that besides duplicating you need to think about printing an album cover, CD inserts, andCD cases and possibly shrink wrapping.

There are many small duplicating companies that will do short-run duplicating onto CD-Rs,allowing you to manufacture your final product in small batches as needed.


34/83

PHASES OF THE RECORDING PROCESS

Following are the typical phases of the recording process:

PRE-PRODUCTION

During this stage, all the initial decisions are made regarding the recording. What is the purpose

of the recording (i.e., demo for shopping or submission, indie release, song for download sales,

just for fun, etc.)? What style of music will you be recording? Who will be playing what

instruments, or what sounds will you use for the recording? Where will you record, mix and

master the recording? Where is the budget coming from, and/or how will you raise the money for

the project? How many songs will you be recording, and who will be involved in the writing?

Will you need to hire musicians to play on the recording or will you and/or your band perform

everything? When do you need to complete the recording by?

SOUND SOURCE SELECTION

This does not have to be a formal process, but is nonetheless an important part of the projectrecording process. Everything that happens down the line in terms of the quality of the recording

will be influenced by the sound source selection. Sound sources include the brand and model of

instruments, the quality of the samples, and the caliber of the soft synths and virtual instruments.

Of course, the vocals are an important sound source, so the quality of the vocalist counts as well.

Use sound sources of low quality, and you will be paying the price the rest of the way. Great

sounding sound sources (performed and recorded well, of course) will make it much easier to

mix the songs later on.

SELECTION OF PERFORMERS

Naturally, if you are either in a band or performing as a solo artist, you will most likely pick

yourself or your band members to play all the instruments and handle all the performances. The

selection of the performers is the next most important thing after the sound source selection.

Great sounding (high-quality and well maintained) instruments played with passion by great

performers can overcome even a bad recording. Therefore, put your ego aside and get the bestperformers to perform on the recording. If you consider yourself the best performer by virtue of

the fact that it is your music and you a unique passion for the performance and understand the

songs the best, then that can also be a valid argument for performing the songs yourself.


35/83

WRITING

once the pre-production is complete; the writing process can proceed efficiently. Time isntwasted trying to figure out all the things that have already been covered in the pre-production

stage, and instead everyone can focus on writing the best songs they can possibly come up with

for the recording.

REHEARSAL

not all bands have the time or patience to rehearse prior to their recording. Nevertheless, it is a

crucial part of the process because this is where you can discover different ways to perform the

song; including what the right key is, how the tempo feels, etc. Often, this part is combined with

the writing process. Some performers use the recording process to rehearse, which is a waste of

time and money.

RECORDING

This is the stage where the actual recording happens. Important decisions will be made regarding

the best ways to capture the sounds. This is where an experienced and/or knowledgeable

engineer plays a crucial role. Unless you already have the sounds in your computer, or on tape

(e.g., from samples, soft synths, and/or virtual instruments), there are only three ways to record a

sound; either by microphone, or via direct injection (DI), or a combination of the two. The

quality of your microphones and DI boxes are extremely important to the final results, along with

the mic-pres, additional processors (e.g., compressor, de-esser, EQ, etc.), and A/D converter. Of

additional importance is sound of the room in which you are recording, the maintenance of theequipment being recorded, along with mic placement, the quality and length of mic cables, the

techniques used by the recording engineer, among other things. Along with great sound sources

and great performers (and performances), getting the recording right will carry you into a great

sounding mix and master.

EDITING

Once everything is recorded, additional editing can be done in order to get the recording to sound

perfect (if perfection is what you are after) and get the tracks ready for mixing. Some musicians

prefer to leave the recording exactly as it was recorded for a more authentic and natural sound.

For others, additional work is needed in order to piece together the perfect lead vocal take, create

a powerful guitar solo, tune a voice or instrument, fix drum timing, apply time stretching to a

track, adjust an early or late take, cut and paste background vocals from one chorus to another or

replace a word sung in the wrong place, and so on. Editing the tracks into their final form allows

the mixing process to be just about mixing, instead of spending valuable time editing.


36/83

MIXING

The mixing stage is the stage where you take all the individual tracks that have been recorded

(e.g., vocals, guitars, bass, kick, snare, keyboard, flute, violin, samples, etc.) and apply

processing (e.g., volume levels, panning, compression, EQ, reverb, chorus, delay, flange, phaser,

gating, etc.) in order to make everything sound as good as possible. This stage allows the most

flexibility in manipulating the sounds, since processing can be applied to each individual track as

necessary. Bad decisions made here will negatively affect the next stage (mastering). Any

problems you have with the mix should be taken care of at this stage, and not left to be addressed

later during the mastering stage where it becomes much more difficult, if not impossible to fix

things. It is infinitely easier to focus in on a problem area, whether it is volume, tone, or

character, and manipulate it using volume and panning as well as processing like compression,

EQ, expansion, chorus, gating, etc., during the mixing stage. The final result of the mix is that all

the individual tracks are mixed from multiple tracks down to two (2) tracks as a stereo mix.

MASTERING

The mastering stage is the stage where you take the mixed 2-track source and apply any

additional processing that might be necessary and create a master suitable for replication. It can

be said that good mastering creates a more finished product that appears to have more sheen,heft, depth, punch, and clarity than the mix alone. Generally speaking, the processing applied

during mastering is mainly high-quality equalization, compression, the occasional multi-band

processing (compression, expansion) if necessary, stereo enhancement/correction, noise removal,

and volume maximizing (limiting). All processing applied during mastering will affect the entire

mix, unlike during mixing, where each track is processed individually. Some processes typicallyapplied during the mixing stage (e.g., chorus, delay, flange, phaser, etc.) are not normally applied

during the mastering stage, unless in moderate amounts for special effect.

In addition to signal processing, some other important things take place during mastering; like

sequencing the songs into the correct order, selecting the correct length of space (silence or room

noise) in between each song, inserting metadata (ISRC, UPC, title, artist, copyright info, etc.),

assuring no errors are on the final master, supplying a master (or more accurately, a pre-master)

to the replicating plant suitable for replication, etc. Mastering will almost always make the mix

sound better. However, the quality of the mix will greatly affect the quality of the master. Some

things cannot be fixed in the mastering stage, and should more suitably be dealt with at the

mixing stage (or even further back, depending on the issue).

IN CONCLUSION

This is a general description of the different phases of the recording process, from conception to

completion. The important thing to remember is that the more attention you pay to each phase in


37/83

the process, the better (more professional) the final master will sound. Do not wait until the very

final stage to try and correct all the mistakes made or shortcuts taken along the way.

EQUIPMENTS USE IN RECORDING OF MUSIC:


38/83

Featured Categories in Pro Recording

Mixers Signal Processors

Unpowered Mixers Harmonizers and Vocal Processors

Analog Mixers Other Signal Processors

Digital Mixers Microphone Preamps

Powered Mixers Multi-Effects Processors

Mixer Accessories Signal Processor Accessories

Studio Monitors Microphones

Headphones Stand-Mount Condenser Microphones

Multitrack Recorders Handheld Dynamic Microphones

Players Dynamic Instrument Microphones

Complete Studio Bundles Handheld Condenser Microphones

GigaSolo Studio Microphone Accessories

GigaHome Producer Shotgun Microphones

GigaPro Studio Suite Lavalier Microphones

Recording Bundles Wireless Systems

Transmitters & Receivers

Ribbon Microphones


39/83

CONCLUSION

Realization Media Pvt. Ltd. is the private held industry which is engage in providing services to

the entertainment industry. The service which provide by this industry is audio production

recording and training regarding audio engineering. CPML is one of its division which provide

training courses of audio recording. The realization media company is located in PUNE.

The process of recording music is selecting source, writing, recording, editing, mixing,

mastering, etc.

This industry is specialized in marketing and distribution of music audio. The company size is

very small it is upto only 1-10 employees.

Realizations Media Pvt. Ltd. Media Production services such as: 1.Studio Services (Recording,Voice Overs, Dubbing, Mixing) - AVID Pro Tools ICON HD 3 system 2.Indias 1st School forAVID advanced Pro Tools Training and Certifications 3.Audio Book Publications.


40/83

EUROPA LOCKS

History

The EUROPA story began 20 years ago when Dr.P.A.JOSHI an R & D engineer

educated in Germany {Dr.Ing (Germany) Doctorate in Mechanical Engineering,

B.E. (Mechanical)} founded this Company in the Cultural and Industrial city of

PUNE. Since then, WELMADE LOCKING SYSTEMS PVT.LTD has grown in

stature and has already carved an enviable niche for itself in the Indian market

place. Backed by world class techonology and driven by dedicated team of 200

dynamic professionals (25% involved in Design and Development), the company

manufactures international standard products which have been appreciated in trade

fair like the KOLN TRADE FAIRheld in Germany.
http://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htmhttp://www.europalocks.com/main.htm


41/83

WELMADE LOCKING SYSTEMS PVT.LTD

Mission: ANTI-THEFT ENGINEERING.

Founded in 1984 by Dr. P.A Joshi [B.E. (Mech), Dr.Ing (Germany)]. 200 qualified, dynamic and dedicated personnel, of which over 25% are

involved in R&D. Customized product range and multi-faceted security solutions through

state-of-the-art facilities : 3DModelling, CAD CAM Interfaces, CNC machines, extensiveAUTOMATION, Electrophoretic lacquering and ERP Software.

Constantly INNOVATING to design and manufacture Locks with best-in-class features meeting Global Function, Finish & Load (strength), Life(warranty) Standards.

The largest number of Patent and Design Registration applications (in thelast 5 years)

Received Hari Malini Joshi Prize and Parkhe Award from MCCIA, Punefor Outstanding Product Design.

The EUROPA range of locks were widely appreciated in the InternationalHardware Trade Fair held at KOLN,Germany.

Dr. P.A Joshi, founder of the company, was requested to provide services asthe International Consultant for Global Mapping of Lock Technology by

UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization), Vienna,Austria in 2003.

He was deputed by UNIDO to visit and study over 25 Lock Factories inGermany, Switzerland, Spain, France, UK, Italy, Hong Kong, China andTaiwan.

Selected by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs- HOLLAND as one of 20worldwide participants (from the Building Materials Sector) for a 15 dayseminar on Exports toEurope in Rotterdam, Holland


42/83

PRODUCTS:

The europa locks is basically a company that provides the utility products forsecurity purpose and ensures Anti-theft Engineering.

The different product are been established by Welmade Locking System also itensures maximum level of security for the customers requirement

SERVICES:Expert Lock fitting by EUROPA trained Technicians Installation for Dimple Key

Door Locks and Cylindrical Locks on Free*/Chargeable basis.

Retrofitting and Installation on steel, double and special doors possible:

Retrofit (replacement of existing lever Night Latch by EUROPA Dimple key Door

Lock Lock by using a special adapter)

Warranty: All EUROPA products covers Warranty of 3 to 15 years depending

upon various prodcuts.

Emergency Services: Besides moving into a higher tech gear, EUROPA is also

trying to establish new standards of service in this industry. The aim is to provide

greater customer satisfaction through attending Emergency situation.

EUROPA FEATURES:


43/83

KEY DUPLICATION: Virtually impossible, only by manufacturer

MFG. PROCESS: Computerised CNC M/c

COMBINATION: Millions

SECURITY: 14 Locking Pins with Micron accuracy : UNPICKABLE

MATERIAL: Nickel Silver alloy (rustproof) for high wear resistance, selflubrication, long life

TECHNOLOGY: Latest, 3rd Generation(1st Generation: Lever, 2nd Generation: Pin Tumbler & 3rd Generation: DimpleKey)

KEY DUPLICATION: Within 48 hours from Company(refer warranty card)

EUROPA KEY MANAGENENT SYSTEM:


44/83

Common Key Set Locks : (for 2 or more locks) Same combination andkey interchangeable i.e. any key can open any lock in that set.The MASTER Keying system becomes necessary mainly for large Residential,Commercial, Industrial and Institutional use. One key allows the authorised personto operate a group of Locks : each individually or differently keyed.

Such a system is a combination of keys and cylinder mechanisms that must bedetailed at the design stage to meet the client's needs and cover any possibleextensions in future.

Master Key: MK

All individual locks of 1 set will have separate combinations and non-interchangeable keys. The master key is the only key which can open all locks inthat set e.g. 1 Master Key for all rooms on one floor.

Grand Master Key:GMK typically kept with hotel manager which shall open roomson all floors of 1 wing of a hotel.

Great Grand Master Key:GGMK For all wings i.e. the entire hotel.

EUROPA PRODUCTS:


45/83

Europa Door Locks:

This lock is used in main entrance doors in residences and institutions .These arealso used for steel and double doors .They have a thicker heavy duty 3 brass boltswhich ensure solid protection against crowbar attack. They use dimple keys whichare impossible to duplicate. These locks have a patented lockable knob which isfirst of its kind in India .


46/83

Europa Solido 3 Ton Lock :

These types of locks are used in homes offices and lockers. They have a brass shelland hardened thicker shackle around 12 mm with 270 overlap and a narrow throatto prevent crowbar entry .The inner body is made of stainless steel fully weldedrustproof chassis. The outer body is made of brass shell. It is a high precision 11

pin lock and keys can have up to million combinations


47/83

Europa shutter lock :

These type of locks are used in shops go downs , store rooms ware houses. Theselocks are ideal for multiplexes, supermarkets, big warehouses with multi usersystems. The lock consists of heavy m8 bolts for fastening strength and extraflange for welding purpose . They have an armoured interlocking dead bolt cover.they have a reinforced screw and rivet assembly and heavy duty rivets for load

bearing. .They have a hardened anti drill bush which makes them


48/83

Europa jemmy proof door lock :

These locks are used for sliding doors, folding doors, centre opening doors, steeldoors, grill doors and for single leaf entrance and balcony doors .They have a

unique vertical 2 point inter locking latch bolt cum dead bolt with taper for autolatching. They have a dead locking model with 2 dead bolts .they are operated bykey from outside and knob from inside. They are corrosion proof locks

Europa feather touch:

These locks are used in key management system for bungalows and for internaldoors of homes bedrooms, bathrooms, hotel rooms institutions and offices. Theyhave a unique feather touch press button operation. They have thicker virginmaterial for better strength.


49/83

Europa night latch:

These types of locks are used for main entrance doors shops offices banksrequiring very high security. These locks have a brass latch bolt with safety clip

attached to it to prevent accidental closing of the door.

Europa Lock Features:

KEY DUPLICATION :Virtually impossible ,only by manufacturer MFG PROCESS :Computerized CNC M/c COMBINATION :Millions SECURITY :14 locking pins with micron accuracy : UNPICKABLE MATERIAL :Nickel silver alloy (rust proof) for high wear resistance ,self

lubrication, long life TECHNOLOGY : Latest ,3rd generation


50/83

MANUFACTURING PROCESS:

Design

Locks come in grades, from low-security to high-security. A low-security

lock is generally made from cheaper materials, and its parts can be mass-

produced. A company that manufactures low-security locks may have two or

three available models, and keep in stock the parts needed to customize

them. Beyond low-security, the lock manufacturer is generally what is called

an original equipment manufacturer, meaning that they make the parts for

their locks as well as the final products. This kind of manufacturer may keep

only the most basic and common parts in stock, and most of its orders

require custom design.

The process begins with the manufacturer assessing the customer's specifications.

The customer orders a lock to fit a certain size door for example, and asks that the

locks can be opened with a master key. The lock manufacturer then comes up with

the best design for that customer's needs.

In some cases, a customer may have purchased locks in the past from one

company, and now wants more identical locks from a different

manufacturer, who promises to make them more economically. Then, the

lock manufacturer examines the customer's original locks and goes through

what is known as a reverse engineering process. The manufacturer's design

team figures out from the existing lock how to make their product match it.

In many cases, the customer's first lock company has patented aspects of itslock construction.

The second manufacturer may not duplicate it without infringing the other

company's patents. So, the designers "design around" the first company's

product, producing a lock that will match the customer's originals and serve


51/83

the same purpose, but using different mechanisms. Medium and high

security locks in most cases go through this design stage, making the

production of locks a time-consuming process. A reputable manufacturer

making anything but low security locks may take from eight to 12 weeks toproduce locks for an order, from the time the specifications are given to

when the locks are packed and shipped.

The key

2 For the standard five-tumbler key lock, the key is made first. The lock

manufacturer buys key blanks and cuts the ridges, or combinations, in each key.

Each key has five bumps on it that are cut to different levels. These levels are

designated by numbers. A low cut is one, next up is two, then three. In many cases,

there are only four levels, though some manufacturers

May use as many as seven. A five-tumbler key lock with four levels in the

key yields four to the fifth power, or 1024, different possible combinationsof ridges in the key. The five ridges are listed by the height of each level,

yielding what is called the combination for the key. A key with the

combination 12341 is cut with the first ridge at level one, the second at two,


52/83

the next at three, and so on. The lock manufacturer chooses the

combinations from a random list and cuts each key differently.

Internal mechanisms

The internal mechanisms are made next. These have been designed to fit this

particular lock order, and the machinery that makes them may have to be re-tooled

or reset. Because the tiny interior parts, specifically the pins, must be manufactured

to exceedingly fine tolerances, the machinists may make a trial run before starting

a big job. Then the machines may be re-set if necessary. The machining of small

brass parts takes many steps. They may be cast, then grooved, ridged, jeweled, and

polished. Precision tools handle these jobs, cutting the metal to within tolerances ofplus or minus 0.001 of an inch

Other parts

The manufacturer also makes the other parts of the lock. The cylinder, or

plug, that the key fits into, guard plates, washers, the bolt or cam, and the

casing, are all made according to design specifications, by die-casting and

then further machining. The number of parts varies with the design of the

lock, but even a small and relatively simple lock may have thirty separate

parts, and some of these parts require multiple toolings. The process of

making the lock components can take several weeks.


53/83

Assembly

When all the parts are ready, the locks are assembled by hand. Lock workers

sit at well-lit tables with a kit of the pieces of the lock in a bin, and the key

on a stand in front of them. An experienced worker can tell the combination

of the key just by looking at it. The worker first fills the plug, or cylinder, of

the lock with the pins that correspond to the combination of the key. The

worker inserts a tiny spring and then the lock pin, using a small tool called

an assembly pick to hold the small parts. The assembly pick has a small

screwdriver on one end and a point on the other, and the worker uses it to

prod the delicate parts in where they belong.

Final steps

Once a lock is fully assembled, the worker checks it with the key to make sure it

works. It may pass to a quality control station at this point, and then be dusted or

polished. Workers package the completed locks and box them for shipment

Quality Control

The most important aspect of quality control in lock manufacturing is ensuring that

the tiny machined parts are the exact sizes specified. For a new custom order, the

machinists usually produce trial samples of the parts, and each one of these may be

inspected and measured manually, using precise gauges. If all seems to be going

well, the machinists will run the rest of the order, and then perhaps one of every

500 or 1,000 parts is checked.


54/83


55/83

INTRODUCTION TO VOLKSWAGEN GROUP

Founded: May 28, 1937

Founders: Ferdinand Porsche, Adolf Hitler

Type: Public Company

Headquarters: Wolfsburg,Germany

Industry: Automotive

Products: Cars, Trucks

Area served: Worldwide

Revenue: 113.8 billion (2008)

Operating income: 6.61 billion (2008)

Profit: 4.68 billion (2008)

Employees: 369,928(2008)

Vehicle brand companiesAudiBentley motors ltd.

Bugatti automobileSubsidiaries: LamborghiniSeatSkodaautoScaniaVolkswagen passenger car Volkswagen commercials vehicles


56/83

HISTORY

FOR VEHICLE TIME LINE TABLES, SEE:VOLKSWAGEN (TIMELINE),

193745: People's Car project becomes Kbelwagen

Model ofPorsche Type 12 (Zndapp), Museum of Industrial Culture, Nuremberg

Volkswagen was originally founded in 1937 by the Nazi trade union, the GermanLabour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront) In the early 1930s German auto industry wasstill largely composed of luxury models, and the average German rarely couldafford anything more than a motorcycle. As a result only one German out of 50owned a car. Seeking a potential new market, some car makers began independent

"peoples' car" projectsMercedes' 170H, Adler's AutoBahn, Steyr 55, Hanomag1,3L, among others.

(Volkswagen")Also, in Czechoslovakia, the HansLedwinka's penned TatraT77, avery popular car amongst the German elite, was becoming smaller and moreaffordable at each revision. FerdinandPorsche, a well known designer for high endvehicles and race cars, had been trying for years to get a manufacturer interested ina small car suitable for a family. He felt the small cars at the time were juststripped down big cars. Instead he built a car he called the trend was not new, asBlaBarnyi is credited with having conceived the basic design in the middle

1920s. JosefGanz developed the Standard Superior (going as far as advertising itas the "German the "Volksauto" from the ground up in 1931, using many of theideas floating around at the time and several of his own, putting together a car withan air-cooled rear engine, torsion bar suspension, and a "beetle" shape, the fronthood rounded for betteraerodynamics (necessary as it had a small engine)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_%28timeline%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_%28timeline%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_%28timeline%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_%28timeline%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_%28timeline%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_%28timeline%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porschehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Labour_Fronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Labour_Fronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Ledwinkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Ledwinkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Ledwinkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatra_T77http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatra_T77http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatra_T77http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Porschehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Porschehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Porschehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bar%C3%A9nyihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bar%C3%A9nyihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bar%C3%A9nyihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Ganzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Ganzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Ganzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Porsche_Typ12_Model_Nuremberg_crop.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Ganzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bar%C3%A9nyihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Porschehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatra_T77http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Ledwinkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Labour_Fronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Labour_Fronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porschehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_%28timeline%29


57/83

In 1933, with many of the above projects still in development or early stages of

production, AdolfHitlergot involved, demanding the production of a basic vehiclecapable of transporting two adults and three children at 100 km/h (62 mph). Hewanted his German citizens to have the same access to a car as the Americans. The"People's Car" would be available to citizens of the Third Reich through a savingsscheme at 990 Reichsmark(US$396 in 1930s dollars)about the price of a smallmotorcycle (the average income being around 32RM a week).

Despite heavy lobbying in favour of one of the existing projects, it soon becameapparent that private industry could not turn out a car for only 990RM. Thus, Hitler

chose to sponsor an all-new, state-owned factory using Ferdinand Porsche's design(with some of Hitler's design constraints, including an air-cooled engine so nothingcould freeze).

The intention was that ordinary Germans would buy the car by means of a savingsscheme ("Fnf Mark die Woche musst du sparen, willst du im eigenen Wagenfahren""Five marks a week you must put aside, if you want in your own car toride"), which around 336,000 people eventually paid into. The savings of these336,000 people were seized by the Russians in 1945 when they captured Berlin.Prototypes of the car called the "KdF-Wagen" (German:Kraft durch Freude

"strength through joy"), appeared from 1936 onwards (the first cars had beenproduced in Stuttgart). The car already had its distinctive round shape and air-cooled, flat-four, rear-mounted engine. The VW car was just one of many KdF

programs which included things such as tours and outings. The prefix Volks("People's") was not just applied to cars, but also to other products in Germany; the"Volksempfnger" radio receiver for instance. On 28 May 1937, the Gesellschaftzur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mbH(sometimes abbreviated toGezuvorwas established by theDeutsche Arbeitsfront. It was later renamed"VolkswagenwerkGmbH" on 16 September 1938.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Reichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_reichsmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_Through_Joyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_Through_Joyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_Through_Joyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttgarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-cooled_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-cooled_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear-engine_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_Through_Joyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksempf%C3%A4ngerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Arbeitsfronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Arbeitsfronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Arbeitsfronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GmbHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GmbHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Arbeitsfronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksempf%C3%A4ngerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_Through_Joyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear-engine_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-cooled_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-cooled_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttgarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_Through_Joyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_reichsmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Reichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler


58/83

INTRODUCTION OF AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

The automobile industry has changed the way people live and work. The earliest ofmodern carswas manufactured in the year 1895. Shortly the first appearance of the

car followed in India. Asthe century turned, three cars were imported in Mumbai(India). Within decade there were totalof 1025 cars in the city.The dawn ofautomobile actually goes back to 4000 years when the first wheel wasused for transportation in India . In the beginning of 15th century,Portuguese arrived in China and theinteraction of the two cultures led toa variety of new technologies, including the creation of awheel thatturned under its own power. By 1600s small steam-powered enginemodels wasdeveloped, but it took another century be

fore a full-sized engine-powered vehicle was created.Brothers Charles and FrankDuryea introduced the actual horseless carriage in the year 1893. Itwas the firstinternal-combustion motor car of America, and it was fo llowed by HenryFordsfirst experimental car that same year.One of the highest-rated earlyluxury automobiles was the 1909 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghostthatfeatured a quiet 6-cylinder engine, leather interior, folding windscreensand hood,and an aluminum body. Chauffeurs usually drove it andemphasis was on comfort and stylerather than speed. Duringthe 1920s, the cars exhibited designrefinements such as balloontires, pressed-steel wheels, and four-wheel brakes.

Graham Paige DC Phaeton of 1929 featuredan 8-cylinder engine and an aluminumbody.The 1937 Pontiac De Luxe sedan had roomy interior and rear-hinged backdoor that suited moreto the needs of famil ies. In 1930s, vehicles were less

boxy and more streamlined than their predecessor was.The 1940s saw featureslike automatic transmission, sealed-beam headlights, and tubeless tires. The year1957 brought powerful high-performance cars such as Mercedes-Benz300SL. It was built on compact and stylized lines, and was capableof 230 kmph (144 mph).This was theInd ian au to mobi le hi st ory , an d tod ay mo der n ca rs ar e ge ne ra ll y li gh t, aerodynamically shaped, andcompact.


59/83

Fact

Documents

Business Exposure Project