Business 86, Medical Terminology Week 6 Body Structure test after test complete pg. 56 in syllabus, review homework-oral practice, Chapter 6-pgs

Business 86, Medical Terminology

Week 6

Body Structure testafter test complete pg. 56 in syllabus,review homework-oral practice,Chapter 6-pgs. 120-151-lecture,getting ready for integumentary test-

using pgs. 56 and 67 in the syllabus,Medical Language Lab


Review Integumentary System

What are the three layers of skin? What structures are found in each?

Name the three types of burns, describe and tell the layers that each affects

Name the two types of glands found in skin-(use medical terms)


Define the following:

dermatosis dermatitisautograft SLEalopecia urticariaecchymosis cellulitishirsutism abrasionerythema nevusepidermis liposuctiondiaphoresis biopsygangrene onychomalaciamelanoma cyanosisdecubitus ulcer maculelaceration incision


Gastrointestinal System


Anatomy and physiology of the Digestive System

Functions of the digestive systemDigestion- the mechanical and

chemical breakdown of food

Absorption- the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion

Elimination- the process of removing waste from the body


Upper GI System


Structures and Medical Terms of the Upper GI tract and their function

Mouth - oro, stomatoan opening that holds the food

Teeth - donto, dentomastication by chewing, grinding, tearing

Gum - gingivostructure to hold the teeth, needs to remain healthy

Tongue - glosso, linguomanipulation of the food


Salivary Glands

Salivary – sialo

moisten food

(three glands)1.Sublingual

2.Submandibular 3.Parotid


Other structures and terms associated with the upper

GI system

Bolus - a piece of chewed food Pharynx - throat Epiglottis - a piece of tissue that covers the

trachea when swallowing Esophagus - the food tube, lined with rings

of muscle, peristalsis occurs


Stomach- gastro

Has three layers of smooth muscles

(Circular, long, and oblique)Lined with mucous membranes

Lies in the upper-left side of the abdominal cavity


Function of the stomach

*mechanical and chemical*

Bolus enters by way of the cardiac/esophogeal sphincter and is mixed with gastric juices

Churned until semi liquid formed- chyme Process takes 3-5 hours Peristalsis (the involuntary constriction and

relaxation of the muscles) moves the chyme to the pyloric valve

Pyloric valve (sphincter) relaxes and lets chyme proceed in small amounts to the duodenum

Stomach empties and lies in folds called rugae


Duodenumfirst part of the small

intestine

Small intestine- entero Digestion occurs in proximal

duodenum C-shaped and is 10-12 inches in

length


Function of the Duodenum

Chyme enters duodenumDigestive enzymes are added by the

pancreas and gallbladder to further break down the chyme


Structures and Medical Terms of the Lower GI

SystemSmall intestine – entero - is divided

up into three segmentsDuodenum – duodeno - (part of the

upper GI system) complete digestion occurs in the proximal duodenum and absorption in the distal duodenum

Jejunum – jejuno - more absorptionIleum - ileo - final absorption of

nutrients


Small Intestine(Entero) primary function

Receives enzymes from accessory organs

Breaks down fats, CHO, and proteins to be absorbed by the blood and lymph capillaries

Absorption of nutrients


Villi

Throughout the whole length of the small intestine are tiny finger-like projections called ‘villi’. Through the villi 85% of all nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream for delivery to cells


Completion of digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestineCompleted in 4-6 hoursOnce completed the waste will move into

the cecum

The orange arrow Indicates the ileocecal Valve. The cecum is the first part of the large IIntestine.

The green arrow is the appendix


Large Intestine-

colo, colono

Water and waste products stored here Wide and about 5’ in length Has no villi, does not coil or lie in folds, and

is divided into different areas by name- ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

Water reabsorbed back into the body


Rectum and Anus (procto)

Rectum – (recto) - 5 inches and terminates at the anal canal

Anus – (ano) - has internal and external sphincter muscles


Accessory Organs

and their functions


Liver - Hepato

Liver Largest glandular organ in the bodyManufactures bile (chole)-exocrine

function


Gallbladder (cholecysto)

Muscular sac

Function is to store and release bile


Pancreas- pancreatoLong fish tail shapedadds digestive juices to breakdown

CHO, fats, proteins- exocrine function


Peritoneum

Lining of the walls of the abdominal cavity

Large sheet of serous membranes

Contains small amounts of fluid that permits organs to glide freely without friction


Mesentery

Folds of peritoneum that support the small intestine

Between the folds are blood, lymph and nerve supply for the small intestine


Pathology of the Digestive System

Oral CavityStomatitis-

inflammation of the mouth

Gingivitis- inflammation of the gums

Halitosis-

bad breath


Esophagus/ esophago

Dysphagia- difficulty swallowing

Gastroesophageal reflux disease-backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus


* Hiatal HerniaThe hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm

-- the muscular wall separating the chest cavity from the abdomen. Normally, the esophagus (food pipe) goes through the hiatus and attaches to the stomach. In a hiatal hernia (also called hiatus hernia) the stomach bulges up into the chest through that hiatus.

There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal (next to the esophagus).


Stomach- gastro

Gastritis- inflammation of the stomachDyspepsia- indigestionNausea-a feeling of sickness in the

stomach causing an urge to vomitEmesis- vomitingEructation- burpingUlcer (gastric)- an open sore of the

mucus membrane


Small and Large

Intestine

Ileitis- inflammation of the ileumEnteritis- inflammation of the small

intestineCrohn’s disease- inflammation in the

small intestine- usually the ileumColitis- inflammation of the large

intestineFlatus- a reflex that expels intestinal

gas through the anus


Obstipation- Severe constipation Borborygmus- bowel sounds Ascites- abnormal build-up of fluid in the

abdomen Appendicitis- inflammation of the appendix Diverticulitis- inflammation of a sac or

pouch in the intestinal tract Celiac sprue- a genetic disorder caused by

an allergy to gluten, sets off an autoimmune response that causes damage to the small intestine which causes malabsorption

Hemorrhoids-veins around the anus or lower rectum are swollen and inflamed


Liver- hepato

Hepatitis- inflammation of the liverJaundice- yellowing conditionCirrhosis- condition characterized

by irreversible scarring of the liver


Gallbladder- cholecysto

Cholecystitis- inflammation of the gallbladder

Cholelithiasis- gallstones


Pancreas- pancreato

Pancreatitis- inflammation of the pancreas


Psychological

Anorexia nervosa - without appetiteBulimia - binging and purging


Procedures of the Digestive System

Gastrectomy- removal of the stomach Colectomy- removal of the colon Cholecystectomy- removal of the

gallbladder Stomaplasty- surgical repair of the mouth Biliary lithotripsy- crushing of gallstones Appendectomy- removal of the appendix


Vagotomy- incision of the vagus nerveColostomy- forming an opening in the

colonColotomy- incision of the colonAnastomosis- a surgical connection

between two tubesIleostomy- forming an opening in the

ileumBariatric surgery- treatment for morbid

obesity (stapling,banding,shortening)


Colostomy


Bariatric SurgeryVertical banded gastroplasty

Roux-enY gastric

bypass (RGB)


Diagnostic Procedures

Sigmoidoscopy- visual examination of the sigmoid colon

Hemoccult- hidden bloodStool culture- lab testing feces for

microorganismsUpper GI series- (UGIS) Upper

gastrointestinal series-testing the structures of the upper digestive tract


Colonscopy- visual examination of the large intestine

Liver biopsy- excision of liver tissue for pathological study

Endoscopy- visual examination withinLower GI series- (LGIS) lower

gastrointestinal seriestesting the structures of the lower digestive tract


Abbreviations

TPN- total parenteral nutritionpo- by mouthBM- bowel movementac- before mealsNG- nasogastricPUD- peptic ulcer diseaseUGIS- upper gastrointestinal

serier


GI- gastrointestinalNPO- nothing by mouthpc- after mealsFBS- fasting blood sugarBaE, BE- barium enemaBS-n bowel soundsHAV, HBV, HCV- hepatitis A,B,C virusRGB- Roux-en-Y gastric bypassGER(D)- gastroesophageal reflux (disease)


Medications

Laxatives- purgatives

Senokot, Miralax, Dulcolax Antispasmodics- against spasm-IBS

Robinul Antiemetics- against vomiting

Compazine, Zofran Antacids- against acid

Mylanta, Rolaids, Tums Antidiarrheals- against-to relieve diarrhea

Imodium


Homework

Study for integumentary test using pgs. 56 and 67 in syllabus

Complete pgs. 63-67 (syllabus)

Complete pgs. 152-164(book)

Term Plus Digestive-TE and MV

www.fadavis.com study questions for chapter 6

Read pgs. 166-194 (book)


Review for Integumentary QuizPage 67

Define the following-SLE AlopeciaNevus CellulitisHirsutism AutograftDermatitis DermatosisAbrasion LiposuctionDiaphoresis GangreneBiopsy OnychomalaciaErythema EpidermisEcchymosis XerodermaUrticaria Hidrosis


Name the two glands (use medical terms) located in skin

Describe burns and tell what areas of skin they affect

Name the three layers of skin

ANY QUESTIONS??

Documents

Business 86, Medical Terminology Week 6 Body Structure test after test complete pg. 56 in syllabus, review homework-oral practice, Chapter 6-pgs