Business 86, Medical Terminology Week 10 Overview Cardiovascular test-correct in class Chapter 10 pgs. 298-336- lecture Getting ready for midterm using

Business 86, Medical Terminology

Week 10 Overview

Cardiovascular test-correct in class

Chapter 10 pgs. 298-336-lecture

Getting ready for midterm using pgs. 95 Aand B-99 A and B in the syllabus

Medical Language Lab


Musculoskeletal


Week 10 Skeletal System

Function: support, protect, movement, hematopoiesis, and a storehouse for minerals

Medical Terms-Cartilage—chondr/o

Joints- arthr/o

Bone- oste/o

Rib- cost/o


Periosteum-around the bone

Endosteum-Within the bone


Joint- is the articulation of two bones


Types of Joints

HingeElbows, Knees and Fingers

PivotCervical vertebrae

Ball and SocketShoulder/Hip

GlidingWrist and Ankle


Other Terms

Ligaments fibrous bands that bind the bones firmly together while allowing movement

Tendons, which are rope like cables, connect a muscle to a bone. The tendon acts like a cable, pulling the bone into the new position as the muscle contracts.

Bursae-Burs/o- sac lining the joint

Synovial-Synovi/o-moveable


Diaphysis- the shaft of the bone

Epiphysis- the end of the bone

Anatomical Landmarks

of Bones/ Parts of a long bone


The SkeletonAxial Skeleton- the skull and cage including the pelvisAppendicular Skeleton- the appendages


Flat Irregular

LongShort


Pathology of Skeletal System

Arthralgia -joint pain Ankylosis- stiff joint Arthrodynia- joint pain Bursitis- inflammation of the bursae Carpal tunnel syndrome-pressure on the median

nerve as it enters the hand through a tunnel in the wrist.

Arthritis- inflammation of a joint Rheumatoid arthritis- chronic inflammatory

disease that causes the body's immune system to attack the joints

Osteoarthritis- inflammation of the bone and joint Spondylosis- degenerative processes that affect

the intervertebral disc.


Herniated disk- a slipped disk

Scoliosis- Lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine.


Lordosis- An exaggeration of the forward curve of the lower part of the back, sometimes called sway-back.

Kyphosis- exaggerated outward curvature of the spine- humpback

KyphosisLordosis


Spina Bifida- incomplete closure of the vertebrae Osteomyelitis- Inflammation of the bone, especially

the marrow. Osteomalacia- softening of bone Osteoporosis- A condition that is characterized by a

decrease in bone mass and density, causing bones to become fragile


Rickets- A weakening of the bones due to Vitamin D deficiency

Fracture- FX- a break in a bone Closed Fracture- when the bone breaks under the skin Open fracture- when the bone breaks and protrudes

through the skin


Greenstick fracture- when the bone suffers a crack to only one side, leaving it injured but intact.

Crepitation-A grating or crackling sensation or sound, as that produced by rubbing two fragments of a broken bone together


Procedure of the MS system

Arthrectomy- removal of a jointArthroplasty- surgical repair of a jointArthrodesis- fixation of a jointCraniectomy- removal of part of the

skull


Craniotomy- incision into the skullLaminectomy- Surgical removal of

the lamina of a vertebraAmputation- severing of a body part

Phantom-limb pain- pain felt in a body part that has been amputated

Osteoclasis- rebreaking of a bone


AbbreviationsBK or BKA- below the knee amputation IM- intramuscularAK or AKA- above the knee amputationX-Ray- radiological studySLE- systemic lupus erythematosusT-2- thoracic #2C-1- cervical #1L-3- lumbar #3NSAID- nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugCMST(P)- color, motion, sensation,

temperature, pain


Muscular SystemMuscular tissue refers to all of the contractile

tissue of the body. It includes the cardiac muscle of the heart, smooth muscles that compose the viscera and the skeletal muscles that attach to bones.

The first two types of muscles are referred to as involuntary because there is no discretionary control over them. In contrast, the skeletal muscles are voluntary since their contractions are fully controllable. All muscles, through contraction, provide the body with motion or body posture.


My/o= muscle


Characteristics of Muscles

Antagonistic muscle pairs- the skeletal muscles of the body are arranged in antagonistic pairs. One muscle of the pair produces movement in a single direction. The other muscle of the pair produces movement in the opposite direction. When one muscle of the pair is contracted, the other is relaxed.


Terms Contraction-shortening of muscle fibers Relaxation- lengthening of muscle fibers Muscle tone-The natural tension in resting muscles Extension- to straighten a joint Flexion- Bending a joint Adduction- movement toward the midline Abduction- movement away from the midline Elevation- to raise upward Depression- movement downward Supination- upward Pronation- downward


Fibroma- tumor of fibrous tissueTendonitis- inflammation of a tendonAtaxia- without coordinationDystaxia- difficult coordinationAtrophy- without nourishmentMuscular Dystrophy- A hereditary disease

characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers

PATHOLOGY


Paralysis- without movement Hemiparesis- partial paralysis in one-half of the

body Paraplegia- paralysis of the lower extremities Hemiplegia- paralysis in one-half of the body Quadriplegia- paralysis of all four extremities Myalgia- muscle pain Contracture- permanent immobility of a joint Spasm- twitching


Myocele- swelling of a muscleHernia- protrusion of one

structure into anotherTorticollis- stiff neck

Myosclerosis- hardening of a muscle

Myonecrosis- death of a muscle


PROCEDURES

Myorrhaphy- suture of a muscleMyectomy- removal of a muscle


Abbreviations

MS- musculoskeletalIM- intramuscularTKR- total knee replacement


Check out Page 106Musculoskeletal

Elements


HomeworkStudy for midterm using pgs. 95 A and B

through 99 A and B in the syllabus

Complete pgs. 101-107 (syllabus)

Complete pgs. 337-348 (book),

Term Plus Musculoskeletal-TE and MV

www.fadavis.com study questions for chapter 10

Read pgs. 386-413 and 428-445

Documents

Business 86, Medical Terminology Week 10 Overview Cardiovascular test-correct in class Chapter 10 pgs. 298-336- lecture Getting ready for midterm using