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Bus-only Lanes on Wilshire
Who Wants Exemptions?
Sarah Peters
UP 206aFinal Project
Overview
Pacific Ocean
•Project Context•Westside Exemptions•Eastside vs. Westside•Research Questions•Method of Analysis•Comparisons•Summary•Conclusions•Data Sources
Photo credit: LA MTA website (thesource.net)
Project Context: Wilshire Boulevard
Los Angeles County
Pacific Ocean
•Major East-West corridor in LA County
•Passes through cities of Los Angeles, Beverly Hills and Santa Monica
•Served by Metro Rapid Bus 720 and Local Bus 20
•Wilshire serves approximately equal numbers of bus riders and drivers/passengers in private vehicles
City of Los Angeles
Beverly Hills
Santa Monica
Project Context: Wilshire Boulevard
Pacific Ocean
• In 2008 LA Metro and City of LA began studying peak-period bus-only lanes for Wilshire
• Lanes proposed from just west of downtown Los Angeles to Santa Monica border
• No bus-only lanes proposed for Beverly Hills
I-10
I-405
I-110
Culver City
West Hollywood
City of Los Angeles
I-5
Santa Monica
Beverly Hills
Westside Project Area
Eastside Project Area
Exemptions for the Westside: Comstock to Selby
•Summer of 2010: Holmby-Westwood Property Owners Association (HWPOA) gets LA City Council support to preserve parking and curb cuts along Wilshire
• December 2010: HWPOA wins Metro Board approval to exempt Comstock-Selby segment from bus-only lanes
I-405
Westwood Blvd.
Beverly Hills
Selby
Comstock
Federally-owned land
Exemptions for the Westside: Brentwood Exemptions
•November 2010-February 2011: Brentwood Homeowners Association lobbies for exemptions
• February 2011: LA City Council requests that Metro planners study BRT without Westside bus-only lanes
I-405
Beverly Hills
Federally-owned land
Brentwood HOA
Holmby-Westwood POA
Eastside vs. Westside
Currently under study: Exemptions from bus-only lanes for the entire Westside Project Area
I-405
Beverly Hills
Brentwood HOA
Holmby-Westwood POA
Santa Monica
City of Los Angeles
I-10
I-5
Westside Project Area(exemptions sought)
Eastside Project Area(no exemptions sought)
Research Questions
1. Are there demographic differences between residents who organized against bus-only lanes and their neighbors who did not?
2. Are there demographic differences between Westside and Eastside service areas?
Photo credit: LA WAD, flickr.com
Data Sources
•American Community Survey 2005-2009 Estimates for Census Blockgroups in LA County (data on income, race and transit commuters)
•Homeowners association boundary maps from HOA websites Photo credit: LA MTA website (thesource.net)
Method of Analysis: Define Exemption-Seeking Groups
Step 1: Select Census blockgroups that overlap homeowners associations
Brentwood HOA
Holmby-Westwood POA
Federally-owned land
Selected blockgroups (turquoise)
Beverly Hills
I-405
Method of Analysis: Define Exemption-Seeking Groups
Step 2: Create layer of homeowners associations blockgroups
Homeowners Associations Layer
Step 1: Calculate ½ mile service area around 720 Rapid bus stops
Method of Analysis: Network Analyst
Homeowners Associations Layer
I-10
I-405
I-5
Step 2: Select census blockgroups that intersect BRT service areas within City of Los Angeles
Method of Analysis: Network Analyst
Step 3: Create layers from selected blockgroups
Method of Analysis: Network Analyst
HOA blockgroups layer
Non-HOA blockgroups layer
Are there demographic differences between residents who organized against bus-only lanes and their neighbors who did not?
Comparison: HOA blockgroups vs. Non-HOA Blockgroups
HOA blockgroups
Non-HOA blockgroups
Income: HOA vs. Non-HOA
HOA blockgroups
Non-HOA blockgroups
Average Per Capita IncomeHOAs: $101,000
Non-HOAs: $64,000
Racial Composition: HOA vs. Non-HOA
HOA blockgroups
Non-HOA blockgroups
Nonwhite PopulationHOAs: 14%
Non-HOAs: 33%
Public Transit Use: HOAs vs. Non-HOAs
HOA blockgroups
Non-HOA blockgroups
Public Transit CommutersHOAs: 1%
Non-HOAs: 4%
Are there demographic differences between the Westside and Eastside service areas?
Comparison: Eastside vs. Westside
Westside service area
Eastside service areaBeverly Hills
I-10
I-405
I-5
Average Per Capita Income
Income: Eastside vs. Westside
Westside service area
Eastside service area
Beverly Hills
Eastside: $28,000
Westside: $64,000
Racial Composition: Eastside vs. Westside
Westside service area
Eastside service areaNonwhite Population
Eastside: 78%
Westside: 31%
Transit Use: Eastside vs. Westside
Westside service area
Eastside service area
Westside service area
Public Transit Commuters
Eastside: 20%
Westside: 4%
Summary: Income
•HOAs make about 1/3 per capita more than the rest of the Westside•Westside Service Area’s per capita income is 2x that of the Eastside Service
Area
Summary: Racial Composition
•8/10 people in Eastside Service Area are people of color•9/10 people in HOA blockgroups are white
Summary: Transit Use
•Transit users are a minority of commuters in all areas•Eastside has more than 4x as many transit users as the Westside, and 20x
the transit users of the HOA blockgroups
Summary: Populations
•Eastside Service Area residents outnumber Westside residents(both HOA and non-HOA) by 2-1
Conclusions
•Race, income and geography are highly correlated in Wilshire corridor•Westside HOA residents exercised disproportionate power in planning process
•Westside residents overall are less likely to use transit•Therefore HOA residents opposed to bus-only lanes may not have faced local opposition
Photo credit: LA MTA website (thesource.net)
Data Sources
Wilshire BRT project history: •Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) websitehttp://www.metro.net/projects/wilshire/
•Los Angeles City CouncilMeeting Agenda for January 28, 2011
•Streetsblog Los Angeleshttp://la.streetsblog.org/2010/11/18/nimbys-in-westwood-threaten-wilshire-brt-project-west-of-beverly-hills/http://la.streetsblog.org/2011/02/02/council-votes-for-more-study-for-wilshire-bus-only-project/
Homeowners Association boundaries: •Holmby-Westwood POA websitehttp://www.holmbywestwoodpoa.org/mission.html
•Brentwood HOA websitehttp://www.brentwoodhomeowners.org/
Census Blockgroup data: •American Community Survey 2005-2009 Estimateshttp://www.socialexplorer.com/pub/reportdata/GeoSelection.aspx?Census=ACS2009_5yr&ReportId=R10039635