Burial Practices & Special Classes

7/24/2019 Burial Practices & Special Classes

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Luzon

Apayao

TheApayaos, also known as the Isnegs orIsnags, of the Cordillera Administrative Regionbury the

deceased person under the kitchenarea of their homes.

Benguet

For eight days, the indigenous people from enguetblindfoldthe dead and then sit it on a chair that is

placed ne!t to a house"s main entrance. The arms and legs are tied together in the sitting position.

A bangilrite is performed by the elders on the eve of the funeral, which is a chanted narrationof

the biographyof the deceased. #uring interment, the departed is directed towards heaven by

hitting bamboosticks together.

Caviteo

In rural areas of Cavite, trees are used as burial places. The dying person chooses the tree

beforehand, thus when he or she becomes terminally ill or is evidently going to die because old age,

a hut is built close to the said tree. The deceased$s corpse is then entombed vertically inside thehollowed%out tree trunk.&'(

Ilocano

Filipinos in the Ilocandiahave a rich body of funeral and burial traditions, known as the pomponor

)burial rites).

Wake

A dead man is prepared by his wife for the wake, known in Ilocanoas the bagongon.&*(Typically, only

the wife will clothe the corpse, believing that the spirit of the dead man can convey messages through

her. Also important is the placement of the coffin, which should be in the centre of the house and

aligned with the planksof the floorboards. +ighting awooden login front of the house is also

customary because the smokeis believed to assist the spirit of the dead towards heaven, and it is

also kept alight to repel wicked spirits. The ceremonial attire of female mourners for the vigil is black

clothing, while their heads and shoulders are covered in a black veil called a manto.&(

Funeral

-indows are closed before the casket e!its the house, while care is e!ercised to prevent the casket

from touching any part of the house. This is to prevent the deceased$s spirit from loiteringand

bringing misfortune to the household to some Filipinos, a casket hitting any ob/ect during a funeralmeans that another person will die soon. &'(After the burial service, family members wash their hair

with a shampoocalled guguto remove the influence of the deceased$s spirit. Rice cakes and basiare

offered to attendees after each prayer session. &*(0n the ninth night, the family holds a feast after

praying the novena,&*(and does so again after offering prayers on the first death anniversary.

Ilongot

The Ilongot is buried in a sitting position, and if a woman, has her hands tied to her feet, to prevent

her )ghost) from roaming.&'(
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isneghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isneghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isnaghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benguethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindfoldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-DPPS-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocano_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-KCC-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpsehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirithttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/slathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floorboardshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wooden_loghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicked_spirithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-LIV-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loiteringhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-DPPS-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shampoohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-KCC-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-KCC-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_anniversaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-DPPS-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isneghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isnaghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benguethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindfoldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-DPPS-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocano_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-KCC-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpsehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirithttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/slathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floorboardshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wooden_loghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicked_spirithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-LIV-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loiteringhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-DPPS-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shampoohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-KCC-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-KCC-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_anniversaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-DPPS-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isneg


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Itneg

The Itnegs ofAbrahave a customary habit of burying their dead under their

houses.&'(

Palaweo

1ketch of an anthropomorphic /ar from 2aitum in the 1aranggani 3rovince of

2indanao.

0ne of the ancient customs for burying the dead in the 3hilippines is through

the use of burial /arsknown as Manunggul jars. These ancient potterieswere found in the 2anunggul

Cave on the island of 3alawan. A characteristic of the /ars for the dead is the presence

of anthropomorphichuman figureson the potcovers. These figures embody soulsriding a boatfor

the dead while seafaring towards their sanctuary in the afterlife. These containers have been dated

from 456 C to 76 C. There are also figures of boating peoplesteering paddles,

wearing headbands,/aw%bands, and persons with hands folded across the chest area. The latter is a

method of arranging the remains of the dead.

0ther similar anthropomorphic /arswere also found at 3inol8also spelled as 3i9ol:, 2aitum, in

the 1aranggani 3rovinceof the island of 2indanao. These funeral /ars dates back from the 2etal

Age.

In addition to these /ars, the 57;' archaeological e!cavationsdone by Robert Fo!at +angen Island

in anging coffins at 1agada 3rovince in the 3hilippines.

In 1agada, 2ountain 3rovince, the ancient funeral norm of hanging coffins

from mountaincliffsis still practiced by some minority groups. The purpose

of suspending the casket from the mountain rocks is to bring the deceased

closer to heaven.

In ancient times, coffins were made from carved and hollowed%out wood. They are $hung$ in place

through the use of pro/ecting beams.

Tinguian

For many weeks, the Tinguianpeople dress the dead body with the best garments, sit it on a chair,

and sometimes put a lit tobacco source between the dead person"s lips.

The i!aya!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abra_(province)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-DPPS-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopic_jarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manunggul_jarshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potteryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_of_Palawanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropomorphichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_figurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlifehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headbandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitum_Anthropomorphic_Potterieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitum,_Saranganihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitum,_Saranganihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranggani_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_of_Mindanaohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_Agehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_Agehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological_excavationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bradford_Foxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Nido,_Palawanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Nido,_Palawanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_sitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliffhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_(structure)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinguianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abra_(province)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-DPPS-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopic_jarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manunggul_jarshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potteryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_of_Palawanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropomorphichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_figurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlifehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headbandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitum_Anthropomorphic_Potterieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitum,_Saranganihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitum,_Saranganihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saranggani_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_of_Mindanaohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_Agehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_Agehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological_excavationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bradford_Foxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Nido,_Palawanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Nido,_Palawanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_sitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliffhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_(structure)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinguian


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Ce"uano

Funeral traditions of the Cebuano peoplealso include nine%day recitation of the rosary, litanies,

novenas, and +atin prayersafter the burial, additionally chanting the Pahulayng Dayonor ?


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Social Classes

Maginoo - This comprises of the nobility of the early caste system, which mostly refers

to the ruling class of Datus, Rajahs and their families. A datu with power over a largearea held the title Lakan or Rajah. The Datu is a leader, a mediator in disputes, and

was responsible for the welfare of the people within his jurisdiction. Men and women of

this class were generally referred to with the respectful title of Ginoo. Individually, the

terms, Gat, meaning Lord, or Dayang, meaning Lady, preceded by their names. The

title of Datu (Sultanante) can be acquired through blood lineage or if a commoner

showed exceptional skills especially in acts of bravery and heroism.

Timawa The timawa class were free commoners of Luzon and the Visayas who could

own their own land and who did not have to pay a regular tribute to a Maginoo, though

from time to time, be obliged to work on a datus land and help in community projects

and events. They were free to change their allegiance to another datu if they married

into another community or if they decided to move.

Maharlika The Tagalog maharlika rendered military service to the datu at his own

expense and shared with his leader the spoils of war. They generally have the same

rights and responsibilities as a timawa. This class disappeared sometime in the 1630s

when the Spaniards were able to unite diverse kinship groups (Rodriguez, 1998). Alipin- These were captives of war, those unable to pay their debts, all illegitimate children;

those purchased, and punished criminals.

In the Visayas, an alipin was called oripun. They are divided into two types:

Aliping Namamahay - had his own family, little house and lot, and served the master

during planting and harvesting season or in the construction of houses.

Aliping Sagigilid - those who are living with the master, had no property, and could

not marry without the masters consent. The sagigilid,; however, could buy his freedom

in gold.


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Spanish Colonial Caste System in the Philippines

When Spain came to the Philippines they instituted a racial caste system.

Similar to what they instituted in Latin America. The history of racial mixture

in Filipinas (the Philippines) occurred mostly durin the Spanish colonial era

from the !"th to !#th century. The same Spanish racial caste systemenforced in Latin America existed in the Philippines$ with a few di%erences.

The indienous &alay population of the Philippines were referred to as

'ndios Term e*nition+ 'ndio persons of pure Filipino ancestry

,erito persons of pure Aeta ancestry

Sanley person of pure Chinese ancestry

&esti-o de Sanley person of mixed Chinese and &alay ancestry also

called chino and/or chinomesti-o

&esti-o de 0om1ay person of mixed 'ndian and &alay ancestry

&esti-o de 2spanol person of mixed Spanish and &alay ancestry

Tornatr3s person of mixed Spanish$ &alay$ and Chinese ancestry

Filipinos persons of pure Spanish descent 1orn in the Philippines (4from Las

Filipinas4) also called 'nsulares (4from the islands4) or Criollos (Creoles)

Americanos persons of pure Spanish descent 1orn in Spanish America

(4from the Americas4)

Peninsulares persons of pure Spanish descent 1orn in Spain (4from the

peninsula4)

&ulato567 spanish and 567 1lac8


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&orisco9571lac8 and :5 percent spanish Al1ino white pimented 1lac8

,erofull 1looded 1lac8 person

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Burial Practices & Special Classes