SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS

ISSN 1820-340X

BELGRADE, 2006

ISSN 0352-2385SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS

BULLETIN OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

Annual Report for 2005

Editorial Board

Corresponding Member Vidojko JoviAcademician Ivan Gutman

Corresponding Member Nikola TuciAcademician Dragutin Drai Academician Veselinka ui

Corresponding Member Aleksandar LomaCorresponding Member aslav Oci

Corresponding Member Momilo Spremi Academician Radomir Relji

Editor Corresponding Member Vidojko Jovi

Editor-in-ChiefAcademician Nikola Tasi

Translation and editingLynne Katsikas

Vera Gligorijevi

DesignKranislav Vrani

PrintPress Expres, Belgrade

C O N T E N T

Editors Note

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND EARTH SCIENCES

EARTH SCIENCES

MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS

PHYSICS AND METEOROLOGY

Interdepartmental Committees

Interacademic Cooperation

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

BIOLOGY

Interdepartmental Committees

Interacademic Cooperation

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

LINGUISTICS

Interdepartmental Committee

Interacademic Committee

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF HISTORICAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF FINE ARTS AND MUSIC

CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF THE SASA AND NI UNIVERSITY

CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF THE SASA AND KRAGUJEVAC UNIVERSITY

MEETINGS AND LECTURES IN 2005

PUBLISHING ACTIVITY IN 2005

7EDITORS NOTE

In 2005, the Scientic Research Fund of the Serbian Academy of Sciences andArts (SASA) provided and allocated the funds for scientic research, publishing activity,interacademic and international cooperation, for the participation of SASA members and their associates in scientic meetings in the country and abroad, for the acquisitionof scientic literature and for other SASA scientic research needs.

In 2005, the scientic research programme of the Serbian Academy of Sciences andArts, including its Branch in Novi Sad and the Centres in Ni and Kragujevac, was carried out through 65 projects in the eld of natural sciences and mathematics, 16 projects inthe eld of technical sciences, 20 projects in the eld of medical sciences, 21 projects inthe eld of language and literature, 8 projects in the eld of social sciences, 42 projects inthe eld of historical sciences and 5 projects in the eld of ne arts and music.

The work results were published in scientic and professional journals andmonographs, or were presented at scientic meetings.

In 2005, 34 publications were published in the SASA editions. The total number ofcopies was 17,098. In these SASA editions, 366 authors published 276 works.

In the course of 2005, 79 members and associates of the SASA made study trips or participated in scientic meetings in the country and abroad. In addition, some60 scientists visited the SASA either under bilateral agreements on free exchange of researchers, or as participants in scientic meetings, lecturers and members of ocialdelegations.

In 2005, the Academy organized 18 scientic meetings, 2 round tables, 9 lecturesand 2 commemorative gatherings.

The resources allocated by the Fund for the acquisition of professional literature in2005, were mainly used for a subscription to foreign journals and the acquisition of other foreign scientic publications according to the needs of the specied committees, researchteams and individuals, whose projects are carried out under the Academys scienticresearch programmes. A portion of these resources was also used for the acquisition of domestic scientic publications.

8DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND EARTH SCIENCES

Department of Mathematics, Physics and Geo Sciences Department of Mathematics, Physics and Geo Scie

Project: INVESTIGATION OF THE PALAEOFLORA AND PALAEOFAUNAOF SERBIA

(Corresponding Member Marko Ercegovac)

1. The historical and geological evolution of Serbia in the Phanerozoic The complex study of Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments of Serbia from

palaeontologic, biostratigraphic and palaeoecological aspects was continued in 2005. It included two main themes: The Devonian in the Carpatho-Balkanides of eastern Serbiaand geodynamics and the palaeoclimate as the basis of the development of Middle Cretaceous land vegetation in the Central Tethys.

2. Investigation of fossil ora and fauna of Serbia The study of the palaeontologic and biostratigraphic characteristics of green algae

(Dasycladacean from the Upper Turonian of NW Serbia), rudists (evolution, phylogeny, biostratigraphy and taxonomy of the Senonian rudist genus Pseudopolyconites), echinoids (the Eocene), conodonts (the Triassic of Serbia and Hungary), radiolarians (the Jurassic), ostracodes (the Miocene and Pliocene), palynomorphs (the Permian-Triassic of the Carpatho-Balkanides and Dinarides, the Middle and Upper Cretaceous of Vojvodina, the Miocene of the Pannonian Basin) and mammals from Tertiary sedimentary basins of Serbia was continued.

Project: PALYNOMORPHS FROM PALAEOZOIC AND MESOZOICSEDIMENTS IN SERBIA

(Corresponding Member Marko Ercegovac)Palaeontological and geological investigations of Devonian deposits in the area

of the Carpatho-Balkanides in eastern Serbia (in several large Alpine geotectonic units) were nished. Investigations of palynomorphs from Upper Permian and Lower Triassicsediments in Stara Planina (Carpatho-Balkanides) and the Poensko Lake Durmitor (Dinarides) were continued.

Krsti B., Maslarevi Lj., Ercegovac M., Sudar M., Djaji S., 2004: Devonian in the Car-patho-Balkanides of Eastern Serbia. Bulletin T. CXXVIII de l`Academie serbe des sciences at des arts, Science naturelles, 42, 7-16.

Project: GDYNAMICS(Academician Stevan Karamata)

1. Terranes of Serbia and neighbouring areas (Academician Stevan Karamata)The determination of the boundaries of the terranes in eastern Serbia continued.

The study of the olistostrome melange at the north of the Moraka Kapa (northern Montenegro) is on-going.

9Krsti B., Maslarevi Lj., Sudar M., 2005: On the Graptolitic Schists Formation (Silurian - Lower Devonian) in the Carpatho-Balkanides of the Eastern Serbia. Annales gologiques de la peninsule Balkanique, 66, 1-8, Beograd.

2. Movement of blocks and plates (Professor Dr Milorad Dimitrijevi) The movements of blocks and units situated recently to the south of Tissia were

analysed and the formation of the geologic framework of the Balkan Peninsula was explained. The study is in print by the Royal Society of London.

3. Ophiolitic belts of the Balkan Peninsula and the evolution of oceanic realms (Academician Stevan Karamata)

The western belt of the Vardar Zone, as the youngest (the oceanic realm wasclosed during the Early Maastrichtian) and therefore of special interest, was studied in particular.

Karamata S., Sladi-Trifunovi M., Cvetkovi V., Milovanovi D., ari K., Oluji J., Vujnovi L., 2005: The western belt of the Vardar Zone with special emphasis to the ophiolites of Podkozarje the youngest ophiolitic rocks of the Balkan Peninsula. Bulletin CXXX de lAcademie Serbe des Sciences et des Arts, Classe des Sciences mathematiques et naturelles, 43, 85-96, Beograd.

The unique occurrence of alkali basalts in the Dinaride ophiolite belt, as a ow in-between the olistostrome units, indicates a more complex development of this oceanic realm as was previously assumed.

Popevi A., Memovi E., Zakariadze G., Milovanovi D., Karamata S., 2005: The basalts ofPodpe (near Priboj, SW Serbia), the youngest (?) basaltic rocks of the Dinaridic ophiolitic basin. Geologica Balcanica, vol. 34 (for 2004), No. 3-4, Soa.

4. Cherts: the inuence of the geologic environment on their properties (Academician Stevan Karamata)

The study of the cherts of Uzlomac with extensions to the East (Nemila) and to the West (eastern Kozara) was continued. The analytical work on new samples is inprogress.

5. The rift-magmatism of the Dinarides (Professor Dr Vera Kneevi-Djordjevi)

The meta-basalts of Dudin Kr, which represent the easternmost volcanics of this magmatism, were investigated and the results published. A review of this volcanism is in elaboration.

Memovi E., Cvetkovi V., Kneevi V., Zakariadze G., 2004: The Triassic metabasalts ofDudin Kr, near Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia. Annales gologiques de la peninsule Balkanique, 65, 85-91, Beograd.

6. The post-collisional magmatism in the axial part of the Balkan Peninsula (Professor Dr Vera Kneevi-Djordjevi)

The study of selected Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary granitic rocks continuedand was extended to the Variscan granitic rocks of eastern Serbia.

7. Metamorphism related to the emplacement of ophiolite complexes (Academician Stevan Karamata)

The age determination obtained by the K-Ar and Ar-Ar of amphibolites from themetamorphic rocks beneath ultramac rocks from middle Bosnia through western Serbia,Albania and western Greece (up to southern Pindos) are almost identical, irrespective of

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the applied method. This means that the results obtained by either of these methods arereliable, probably because of the absence of signicant heating after the metamorphism.

The ultramacs were examined to determine whether their provenience was froma subcontinent or a sub-oceanic mantle. The ultramacs from Ozren and Bistrica belongto the rst group, i.e., they originated in the early rifting phase, whereas the Zlatiborultramacs belong to the second group, i.e., they originated during the formation of theoceanic crust.

.., ., ., 2005: : . ( ) , 19-21, , . , .

8. The metamorphism in the area of Gora (South of Prizren) (Professor Dr Vera Kneevi-Djordjevi)

The synthesis of metamorphism and magmatism of the Gora region is in preparationby Dr G. Zakariadze and Professor Dr V. Cvetkovi.

9. The Neogene of Serbia (Dr Nadeda Krsti)The rst international symposium on the Neogene of central and south-eastern

Europe was organized at Fruka Gora 25-27th May, 2005.

Krsti N., Semenenko V., Velitzelos E., Safak U., 2005: Lacustrine Upper Pliocene in the southern and middle Europe. Bulletin CXXX de lAcademie Serbe des Sciences et des Arts, Classe des Sciences mathematiques et naturelles, 43, 107-121, Beograd.

10. Rocks formed under high pressure - eclogites (Academician Stevan Karamata)

Based on the chemistry of the co-existing minerals, the metamorphic evolution of eclogites in the Serbo-Macedonian composite terrane was elaborated. On the basis of the U-Pb age of zircons from the eclogites, the metamorphism occurred 455 6 Ma.

Korikovski S.P., Karamata S., Kotov A.B., Salnikova E.B., 2005: Caledonian kyanite-zoisite eclogites of the Serbo-macedonian units: phase relations, reaction textures of exhumation stage and U-Pb zircon age. 7th International Eclogite Conference, Mitteilungen der sterreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, B. 150, p. 72, Wien.

Project: GRPHOLOGICAL MAP OF SERBIA ON THE SCALE 1:50.000(Academician Stevan Karamata)

The geomorphological map sheets: Vlasotince 3, Leskovac 2 and Uice 4 were nished and are ready for printing.

In 2006, the work on the geomorphological map sheets: Vlasotince 4, Leskovac 3 and Sjenica 1 will begin.

Project: GCHEMISTRY(Academician Zoran Maksimovi)

1. The geochemistry of the upper mantle and the igneous rocks of the Earthscrust

Investigation of basaltic rocks from Dinaric ophiolitic melange continued. Geochemical analyses of major and trace elements using modern analytical methods

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(XRF, ICP-MS) were performed at the University of Mainz (Germany). The obtainedresults will be presented at the Congress of the Carpatho-Balkan Geological Association, which will be held next year in Belgrade.

Prelevi D., 2005: Mediterranean Tertiary lamproites: a review of their origin, geodynamic signicance and the relation with contemporaneous volcanism. Bulletin Academie Serbe des Sciences et des Arts, Tome CXXX, Classe des sciences mathematiques et naturelles, Sciences naturelles, No. 43, 57-85.

Prelevi D., Foley S.F., 2005: The origin of high-Mg olivines and Cr-rich spinel inclusionsfrom Mediterranean Tertiary lamproites: the case study from Vera, Spain. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco.

Prelevi D., Foley S.F., Romer R.L., Cvetkovi V., Downes H., 2005: Tertiary Ultrapotassic Volcanism in Serbia: Constraints on Petrogenesis and Mantle Source Characteristics. Journal of Petrology, 46, 1443-1487.

Cvetkovi V., Hck V., Prelevi D., Lazarov M., Downes H., 2005: Mac alkalinemetasomatism in East Serbian mantle xenoliths: Evidence of Paleogene igneous processes in the lithosphere. 7th Workshop on Alpine Geological Studies, Opatija, 29.09-01.10.2005, Abstract Book, 19-20.

Cvetkovi V., Hck V., Prelevi D., Downes H., Lazarov M., 2005: Pre-Paleogene evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath East Serbia: Evidence from peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths and xenocrysts. GEOITALIA 2005, Spoleto 20-23. 09. 2005, 244.

Cvetkovi V., Hck V., Prelevi D., 2005: Mantle source characteristics of the Paleogene mac alkaline rocks of the East Serbian Carpatho-Balkanides. MinPet 2005, Schladming, 25-29. 09. 2005. Mitteilungen sterreichische Geselschaft, 151.

2. Geochemistry of the rock alterationThe study of hydrothermally altered ultramac rocks in the western slopes of

the eljin Mt. (Serbia) continued. The results showed that a part of the hydrothermallymetasomatised ultramacs are really true listvenites, composed of Fe-magnesite(breunnerite), Cr-illite and some quartz, with secondary spinel and traces of pyrite. However, the major part of the veins in the locality of uti Kr are rich in breunnerite and quartz but without visible Cr-illite. Instead Cr-bearing smectite appeared, replacing the Cr-bearing illite. It seems that K-metasomatism was not, in this case, a widespread process and lacking K, other Cr-bearing phylosilicates were formed. This is also the casein the locality Rudnjak, where Cr-smectite and Cr-halloysite were the major alteration products with silica masses and some sulphide minerals, including pyrite and galena.

The lithium (Li) status and intake of the inhabitants of Serbia were studied. Theconducted estimations in arable soils (n = 951) showed that the available Li ranges from 10 to 80 mg/kg. The obtained mean value for Li in the soils of Serbia (32.6 mg/kg) wascomparable with data for reference soils of the USA (33 mg/kg) and China (35 mg/kg). The measurements of the Li content in mineral waters of Serbia showed that it rangesfrom 80 to 300 g/L, while in humus and clay its content was 2000 times higher. Thewater from Gornja Trepa has one of the highest Li concentrations, while one of the most popular, Knjaz Milo, has 210 g/L. The amount of Li in a daily diet was determinedon the basis of 7 day duplicate diet analyses. In this study 63 adult volunteers (32 males and 31 females) from dierent regions of Serbia participated. The daily Li intake rangedfrom 184 to 1616 g (mean value 456 g). The serum levels of Li analysed in adults fromrandomly selected males (n = 59) and females (n = 61) ranged from 6 to 30 g/L, while the scalp hair levels of Li ranged from 8 to 217 g/kg. The obtained values were slightlyhigher for females than for males, and lower in smokers and alcohol consumers than in non-smokers and non-alcohol consumers.

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There are many resorts with therapeutical muds in Serbia. They are located invarious parts of Serbia and are characterized by dierent geological settings. The mineralcomposition of the therapeutical mud from Gamzigradska Banja is: quartz, feldspar, calcite and clay minerals (illite, smectite, and kaolinite). The therapeutical mud fromSoko Banja contains calcite, quartz, feldspar and clay minerals (mostly smectite; illite and kaolinite are less abundant). Mud from Bujanovaka Banja consists of feldspars, quartz, calcite and clay minerals (mostly smectite). All muds are used as packs in treatment of rheumatism.

There are some therapeutical clays on the Serbian market. The mineral compositionof clay for internal use is as follows: kaolinite, illite and illite-smectite. Clay for external use contains illite, kaolinite, and smectite. Another clay from the Belgrade area (clay of Miocene age) is used in an external and internal manner. It consists of almost pure smectite. Medical paste made from clay is composed of illite, kaolinite, quartz and feldspars.

The chemical composition of therapeutical muds and clays from Serbia is inaccordance with their mineral composition. All the studied samples are characterized by a prevalence of trivalent iron and calcium in relation to divalent iron and magnesium. The highest concentrations of Cr and Ni were found in clay from Mirijevo, and of Zn, Pband Cu in therapeutical mud from Gamzigradska Banja.

Maksimovi Z.J., Jovi V., 2005: Rare earth elements in the karstic bauxites of Nikika upa, Montenegro, and their importance. Bulletin Academie Serbe des Sciences et des Arts, Tome CXXX, Classe des sciences mathematiques et naturelles, Sciences naturelles, No. 43, 1-11.

Maksimovi Z.J., Jovanovi T., Rumovi M., 2005: Waters issuing from ultramacrocks of Zlatibor Mountain and their eects on health. Bulletin Academie Serbe des Sciences et des Arts, Tome CXXX, Classe des sciences mathematiques et naturelles, Sciences naturelles, No. 43, 13-23.

Jovi V., 2005: Using of therapeutical muds and clays in Serbia return to the Earth. V , 8-11 2005, , , 280-285.

Djuji I., Jovi V., Brkovi V., 2005: Lithium status and intake estimations in Serbia. Satel-lite Symposium on Lithium, October, 12th 2005, Proceedings, Athens (Greece), 125-135. (www.med.uoa.gr)

3. MineralogyThe Neolithic ceramic fragments were investigated by the following mineralogical,

chemical and physical methods: optical polarizing and electron scanning microscopy, as well as XRF analysis, X-ray diraction, and visible and infrared spectroscopy. In thisway, the mineral composition, microstructure and colour origin of the ornaments of ten Neolithic specimens of ceramics from the following localities: Davidovac (Motel Slatina), Starevo, Stragari and Lepenski Vir were determined. Additionally, a possible raw material for the manufacture of ceramics was analysed (sonda Zipp III). Attention was focused on the ceramics from the locality Motel Slatina with the intention of investigation its similarity with the mineral composition of the possible raw material. As this kind of investigation was applied for the rst time in Serbia, specimens fromthe other localities were included as references in order to gain a more complete picture about the mineral composition, microstructure, production and decorative techniques in the Neolithic period. The objective of these investigations was to ascertain eventual

13

dierences in the raw materials and production techniques among the specimens andthus make a contribution to the archaeological view on social and cultural development in the Neolithic period.

The connection between the appearance of a specic mineral structure of serpentineand its geological circumstances was studied. A vein of serpentine mineral from Crni Kamen (Kaanik), which has a polygonal morphology and a clinochrysotile, 2M

c1,

structure was investigated. Parallel grooves (striations) on the surface of the mineral are a consequence of shearing stress caused by intensive tectonic movement. Having assumed that shearing stress had had a signicant inuence on the arrangement of the bres,sections parallel with and perpendicular to the striation were cut. The surface of bothion - thinned slices were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

All four carbonate samples from the Rujevac hill (village Ba, Serbia) were composed of calcite, with about 99 % being CaCO

3. The ne-grained limestone and marble contain

traces of Ni, Mg, Fe and Cr. The very low contents of these elements did not aect thecrystal structure, hence neither dierences in the cell parameters nor in the IR spectrawas observed. Calcite from the edge veins had primarily crystallised as aragonite, and not even traces of Mg or Ni were detected. Yellow carbonate is also calcite but with rather high concentrations of Mg (0.82 %) and Ni (0.29 %). Isomorphous substitution of Ca with Mg and Ni reects on the cell dimensions, and decreases and shifts the IR band from712 cm-1 to 718 cm-1.

The mineral composition and paragenetic relations of the occurrence of antimonyand tungsten in the ore from Osanica in eastern Serbia were investigated. In addition to common minerals (barite, realgar, auripigment) in this unique locality, rare minerals, such as coloradoite, were also studied.

Logar M., Peri S., Poharc-Logar V., Mellini ., 2004: Mineral composition, microstructure and colour of Neolithic pottery with an insight into production technology. Monography The Neolithic in the Middle Morava Valley, Archaeological Institute Belgrade, Regional Museum Jagodina, Regional Museum Parain, 49-69, Belgrade.

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MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS

Project: ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF GENERALIZED FUNCTIONS, THEORY AND APPLICATIONS

(Academician Bogoljub Stankovi)

The examination of mathematical models in the space of generalized functionswas continued in the year 2005. The obtained results were reported during theINTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NONCONSERVATIVE AND DISSIPATIVE PROBLEMS IN MECHANICS, 11-14 September 2005. Another goal in the year 2005 was to examine fractional derivatives and integrals and their applications to mathematical models in mechanics. Hence, an expansion formula for fractional derivatives, given in the form of a series involving the function and moments of its k-th derivative, was derived.

Atanackovi T.M., Stankovi B., 2005: An expansion formula for fractional derivatives and its pplication. International Symposium on Nonconservative and Dissipative Problems in Mechanics, 11-14 IX 2005, Novi Sad.

Project: SEMI-RIEMANNIAN GEOMETRY(Academician Mileva Prvanovi)

Using the holomorphic curvature tensor of an almost Hermitian, an almost para-Hermitian, an almost product manifold and an almost complex manifold with Norden metric, the conformal invariant tensors were obtained.

The product conformal at locally decomposable Riemannian manifolds, thecurvature tensor of which can be expressed in the terms of the Ricci tensor only, were investigated. Three such cases exist, each of which is a product quasi-Einstein.

Prvanovi M., 2005: Some applications of the holomorphic curvature tensor. Tensor, 66, 101-112.

Prvanovi M., 2005: On some product conformally at locally decomposable Riemannianmanifolds. Bulletin CXXXI de lAcademie serbe des sciences et des arts, Classe des sciences mathmatiques et naturelles, Sciences mathmatiques, 30, 61-75.

Project: NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS IN FUZZY STRUCTURES(Academician Olga Hadi)

In paper 1, t-norms (a special class of semi-groups in the interval [0.1]), which are important in the xed point theory in probabilistic metric spaces, were investigated.In addition to the class of t-norms of h-type (which was introduced by O. Hadi in the paper Some theorems on the xed point in probabilistic metric and random normedspace, Boll. Unione Mat. Ital., 1982, 381-391), which are used by many mathematicians in the xed point theory, tit was also proved in this paper that geometrically convergentt-norms (this notion was introduced by the authors) can be used as a tool for the proofs of many existing xed point theorems in probabilistic metric spaces. Some applicationsin the theory of stochastic operator equations were given.

In paper 2, using some results of Lojasiewicz concerning the existence of a solution to some classes of iterative functional equations, a generalization of the Tardi xed point

15

theorem in probabilistic metric spaces (R.M. Tardi, Contraction maps on probabilistic metric spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 165, 1992, 517-523) was proved.

1. Hadi O., Pap E., 2005: Triangular norms in probabilistic metric spaces and xed pointtheory. In: E.P. Klement, R. Mesiar (editors), Logical, Algebraic, Analytical and Probabilistic Aspects of Triangular Norms, Elsevier, 443-472.

2. Hadi O., Pap E., Budinevi M., 2005: A generalization of Tardi s xed point theoremin probabilistic metric spaces and applications to random equations. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 156, 124-134.

Project: COMPUTER-AIDED INVESTIGATIONS IN DISCRETE MATHEMATICS(Academician Drago Cvetkovi)

Investigations in graph theory supported by the programming packages GRAPH and newGRAPH are among the important activities in this project. These packagesaccelerate the process of posing, verifying and disproving conjectures in graph theory. Paper [1] contains a comprehensive survey of the results obtained by GRAPH during the period 1982 - 2001.

Combinatorial optimisation, a long term area of investigation within this project, was presented in paper [2] in 2005. Motivated by an auxiliary task related to the travelling salesman problem, the set of Hamiltonian circuits of a complete graph was studied. Hamiltonian circuits are classied by the eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix belongingto the second largest eigenvalue.

Several strategies for the hybridisation of dierent metaheuristic methods (VariableNeighbourhood Search, Genetic Algorithm and Tabu Search) were proposed. The mainidea was to improve the performance of each particular method. The obtained hybridmethods were tested on the Multiprocessor Scheduling Problem with Communication Delays.

1. Cvetkovi D., Simi S., 2005: Graph theoretical results obtained by the support of the ex-pert system Graph - an extended survey. Graphs and Discovery, ed. S. Fajtlowicz, P. Fowler, P. Hansen, M. Janowitz, F. Roberts, DIMACS Series in Discrete Math. and Theor. Comp. Sci., Amer.Math. Soc., 39-70.

2. Cvetkovi D., angalovi M., Kovaevi-Vuji V., 2005: Counting Hamiltonian circuits with the same eigenvector for the second largest eigenvalue. In: J. Vuleta, M. Backovi (ed.), Zbornik radova XXXII Simpozijuma o operacionim istraivanjima, SYM-OP-IS 2005, Vrnjaka Banja, 27-30. 9. 2005, Centar za izdavaku delatnost Ekonomskog fakulteta u Beogradu, 317-320.

3. Davidovi T., 2005: Hybridization of metaheuristic methods for multiprocessor sched-uling. Proceedings Symposium on information technology, YUINFO 2005 (on CD130.pdf), Kopaonik, March 7-11, 2005. (in Serbian).

Project: ASYMPTOTIC FORMULAS IN ANALYTIC NUMBER THEORY(Academician Aleksandar Ivi)

The main eld of research in 2005 was on the Riemann zeta-function (s), including power moments, Mellin transforms, as well as a class of identities. In addition to this, work was done on a problem of Erds involving the largest prime factor of an integer.

In papers [1] and [2], the connections between the mean value of the Riemann zeta-function and the classical divisor problem were discussed.

Paper [3] deals with a problem of Erds involving the largest prime factor of an integer and the related Smarandache function.

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Paper [4] furnishes the analytic continuation of the Mellin transform of |( + it)|2 to the whole complex plane, with the precise location of the poles.

Paper [5] gives several new identities for the Riemann zeta-function by using properties of the integral transforms related to it.

In April 2005, A. Ivi gave an oral presentation at a conference in St. Petersburg dedicated to the 90th birthday of the great mathematician Yu.V. Linnik. In September 2005, he was a guest of honour at the 36th Mathematical Congress of Iran in Yazd, where he gave a plenary lecture on integral transforms of the Riemann zeta-function.

1. Ivi A., 2004: The Riemann zeta-function and the divisor problem. Workshop Report, 46, 39-41, Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut, Oberwolfach.

2. Ivi A., 2005: On the Riemann zeta function and the divisor problem II. Central European Journal of Mathematics, 3 (2), 203-214.

3. Ivi A., 2005: On a problem of Erds involving the largest prime factor of n. Monatsheftefr Mathematik, Wien, 145, 35-46.

4. Ivi A., 2005: TheMellin transformof thesquareofRiemannszeta-function.International Journal of Number Theory, 1, 65-73.

5. Ivi A., 2005: Several identities for the Riemann zeta-function II. Facta Universitatis, Ni, 20, 1-8.

Project: QUALITATIVE AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME CLASSES OF DIF-FERENTIAL AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS

(Academician Vojislav Mari)

Two kinds of problems were studied: 1) problems related to the approximation of solutions in the boundary layer of some non-linear dierential equations; 2) asymptoticequivalence of solutions to linear and non-linear dierential equations of second andthird order.

Adi N., Ovcin Z., 2004: Orthogonal series approximation for boundary layers, The First International Conference on Computational Mechanics, Belgrade, November 15-17, 2004, Proceedings.

Mari V., 2005: On Asymptotic Equivalence for Nonlinear ODE with Applications. The 2005International Conference on Dierential Equations and Mathematical Physics, Birmingham, Alabama, March 29-April 2, 2005, 13.

Mari V., 2005: An Asymptotic Analysis of Linear and Nonlinear ODE of the Third Order.The Symposium on Nonconservative and Dissipative Problems in Mechanics, Novi Sad, Sep-tember 11-14, 2005.

Project: APPLICATIONS OF THE VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF MECHANICS TO NONLINEAR AND NONCONSERVATIVE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

(Academician Boidar D. Vujanovi)

During the year 2005, research on the Project was realized in accordance to the general Plan, the outlines of which were described in the Project Proposal.

The main eort during the year was devoted to the study of linear and non-linearrheonomic oscillatory dynamical problems by means of the Hamilton-Jacobi method. In addition to nding the Hamiltonian (classical) function, nding the Hamilton principalfunction for the aforementioned problems was considered.

The preliminary results were presented at the 25th Yugoslav Congress of Theoreticaland Applied Mechanics, held in Novi Sad (June 1-3, 2005).

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Bali B.S., Vujanovi B.D., 2005: The Field Method for Arbitrary Rheo-linear dynamicalsystems. 25th Yugoslav Congress on heoretical and Applied Mechanics, June 1-3, 2005, Novi Sad, The Book of Abstracts, 24.

Project: EQUATIONS WITH SINGULARITIES THROUGH METHODS OF FUNC-TIONAL ANALYSIS

(Corresponding Member Stevan Pilipovi)

As a result of the work within this project, two papers were published. The rstpaper is related to generalized function algebras and their extensions. By means of generalised complex functions, new classes of generalised functions were dened andexamined. The second paper deals with the ne resolution of a vector eld important in the theory of complex dierential manifolds.

Pilipovi S., 2005: Generalized hyperfunctions and algebra of megafunctions. Tokyo Jour-nal of Mathematics, 28, 1-12.

Milenkovi O., Pilipovi S., 2004: Fine resolution of the sheaf of germs of holomorphic projective vector elds. Revue Roumaine de Mathmatiques Pures et Appliques (Romanian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics), 49, 481-499.

PHYSICS AND METEOROLOGY

Project: STATISTICALITY AND CAUSALITY IN QUANTUM MECHANICS(Academician Fedor Herbut)

The research was conned to the oce with ample use of the World Wide Web.Field of research: distant correlations, quantum information theory and the theory

of quantum communication.The primitive concept of quantum coherence was studied as a special relation

between variable and state, and a denition of a simultaneous measure of coherenceand of incompatibility of these two entities was given. A number of properties of these measures was proved. Continuing this research, it was shown that quantum discord the known measure of the quantum part of bipartite correlations is always the dierencebetween two sets of coherence information, the global and the local ones.

Herbut F., 2005: A quantum measure of coherence and incompatibility. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 38, 2959-2974.

Herbut F., 2005: Mutual information of bipartite states and quantum discord in terms of coherence information. International Journal of Quantum Information, 3, 1-38.

Herbut F., 2005: The fundamentals of quantum mechanics today. Inaugural lecture 2004.Bulletin T. CXXX de lAcademie serbe des sciences et des arts, Classe des Sciences mathema-tiques et naturelles, Science naturelles, No 43, 129-137.

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Project: NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE(Academician Fedor Mesinger)

Activities in 2005, as before within this project, were aimed at further renementof the Eta model, and also at applications of the model for regional weather and climate purposes. In this general sense, a major event in 2005 was a workshop, the second in a sequel, Design and Use of Regional Weather Prediction Models, organized at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, 11-19 April. At the workshop tutorial lectures were given on various features of the Eta model, most of which are now available now on the ICTP web site (http://cdsagenda5.ictp.trieste.it/full_display.php?smr=0&ida=a04186). In the lab, an updated version of the Eta model was prepared, which included a number of features which were earlier tested as part of the work on the project. Among them was rened Eta discretisation, via the introduction ofsloping steps, most work on which was done in 2004. The discretisation was improvedin 2005 and additional real data cases were run (Jovi, Lazi, ivkovi). The as-developedrenement is an add-on to the traditional step-topography eta code. Its robustness wasconrmed in real-time running by ivkovi.

One task worked on in 2005 was initialisation of the model for weather prediction purposes using a modied form of the so-called super-Matsuno scheme. Focus wason applications in a forward-only, as opposed to a backward-forward use. Prospects of using the forward-only alternative along with a simple data assimilation scheme look promising (Lazi).

Another sub-project addressed the eects of the release of contaminants into theatmosphere above Serbia (Lazi).

Maintenance of kinetic energy in long term Eta model integrations is a topic on which work was commenced in 2005 (Veljovi, Lazi, Mesinger). This is a topic ofconsiderable interest in view of the fact that some results indicate that some limited area models experience diculties in this respect when run in the regional climate mode.As a result, numerous authors resort to nudging of large scales in such integrations, a practice in some conict with the mathematical nature of the problem. It is expectedthat the Eta model, due to its lateral boundary scheme, and perhaps also discretisation methods, might perform better in maintaining its largest scales; a number of results support this expectation. Understanding the issues involved was the goal of this work. A master thesis was completed in 2005 (Veljovi).

Lazi L., 2005: Initialization using an iterative Matsuno style scheme in the Eta Model ad-justment stage. Spring Colloquium on the Physics of Weather and Climate: Regional Weather Prediction Modelling and Predictability, 11-22 April 2005, ICTP, Trieste. Available at

http://cdsagenda5.ictp.trieste.it/askArchive.php?base=agenda&categ=a04186&id=a04186s264t6/lecture_notes

Mesinger F., 2005: Regional NWP modeling and predictability, introduction. The Eta Modelnumerical design: Lateral boundary conditions, time dierencing. Lecture notes, Workshop on Design and Use of Regional Weather Prediction Models, The Abdus Salam InternationalCentre for Theoretical Physics, Miramare, Trieste, Italy, 11-19 April 2005, 45 pp. Available at

http://cdsagenda5.ictp.trieste.it/askArchive.php?base=agenda&categ=a04186&id=a04186s256t6/lecture_notes

Mesinger F., 2005: The Eta Model numerical design: Vertical coordinate. Lecture notes, Workshop on Design and Use of Regional Weather Prediction Models, The Abdus SalamInternational Centre for Theoretical Physics, Miramare, Trieste, Italy, 11-19 April 2005, 41 pp.Available at

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http://cdsagenda5.ictp.trieste.it/askArchive.php?base=agenda&categ=a04186&id=a04186s258t3/lecture_notes

Mesinger F., 2005: Eta Model at NCEP: Challenges overcome and lessons learned. Lecture notes, Workshop on Design and Use of Regional Weather Prediction Models, The AbdusSalam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Miramare, Trieste, Italy, 11-19 April 2005, 42pp. Available at

http://cdsagenda5.ictp.trieste.it/askArchive.php?base=agenda&categ=a04186&id=a04186s262t1/lecture_notes

Mesinger F., 2005: Numerical methods in weather and climate modeling: From Milankovitch to the present, and beyond. Proceedings, Milutin Milankovitch Anniversary Symposium: Paleoclimate and the Earth Climate System, A. Berger, M. Ercegovac, F. Mesinger, Eds., Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, 43-54.

Miji Z., Lazi L., Raji S., Tasi M., Novakovi V., 2005: Air-Back Trajectories analysis for High PM Concentration Episodes. The Changing Chemical Climate of the Atmosphere, FirstAccent Symposium, Urbino, September 12-16, 2005, Book of Abstracts, 42.

Raji S., Miji Z., Lazi L., Tasi M., Novakovi V., 2005: Analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 Air Pollution Episodes in Belgrade. The Sixth European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry(EMEC6), Belgrade, December 6-10, 2005, The Book of Abstracts, 276.

Veljovi K., 2005: Impact of the boundary conditions to long term integrations of the Eta Model. Mr. Sc. Theses (in Serbian). Department of Meteorology, University of Belgrade.

Project: PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR MESOSCALE ATMOS-PHERIC PROCESSES

(Corresponding Member Zavia Janji)

The general objective of the project was to develop a physical and numerical modelof the atmosphere which could be used for the simulation and forecasting of meso scale atmospheric processes, as well as for studies of environmental problems on meso scales. Work on the validation and further improvements of the model, pre-processing, post-processing and computer graphics systems continued in 2005. Several improvements of the planetary boundary layer parameterisation were introduced. Among others, the contribution of sub-grid scale moist convection to the production of turbulent kinetic energy was added. The issue of heat exchange between the surface and the atmosphereunder very stable conditions was re-addressed in the surface layer parameterisation. New prognostic parameters were added to the output list of the model. Preparatory work aimed at the application of model data for the estimation of climatologic parameters which are poorly observed, or not observed at all, was commenced.

Gopalakrishnan S.G., Surgi N., Tuleya R., Jovic D., Black T., Michalakes J., Janjic Z. I., 2005: NMM-WRF Nesting. Extended abstract, Joint WRF/MM5 Users Workshop, NCAR, June 27 30, 2005, Boulder, Colorado, 3 pp.

Janjic Z., 2005: A unied model approach from meso to global scales. Preprints, European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2005, April 24 29, 2005, Vienna, Austria.

Janjic Z., Black T., Pyle M., Rogers E., Chuang H., DiMego G., 2005: Hazardous weather prediction using the WRF NMM. (solicited) Preprints, European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2005, April 24 29, 2005, Vienna, Austria.

Janjic Z., Black T., 2005: From global to meso scales with a unied model. Extendedabstract, 21st Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting/17th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, American Meteorological Society, July 31 August 5, 2005, Washington, DC, 4 pp.

Janjic Z., Black T., Pyle M., Rogers E., Chuang H.-Y., DiMego G., 2005: High resolution applications of the WRF NMM. Extended abstract, 21st Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting/17th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, American Meteorological So-ciety, July 31 August 5, 2005, Washington, DC, 21 pp.

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Janjic Z., Black T., Pyle M., Chuang H-Y., Rogers E., DiMego G., 2005: The NCEP WRF Core. Extended abstract, Joint WRF/MM5 Users Workshop, NCAR, June 27 30, 2005, Boulder, Colorado, 3 pp.

Purser J.R., Janjic Z.I., Black T.L., 2005: A bi-cylindrical Yin-Yang global grid geometry applied to the NCEP Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model. Abstract, 21st Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting/17th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, American Me-teorological Society, July 31 August 5, 2005, Washington, DC.

Project: DYNAMICS OF SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES (Academicians Boidar D. Vujanovi and Fedor Mesinger)

Topic: Chaos and stability in the motion of small solar system bodies(Principal Investigator: Dr Zoran Kneevi)

The examination of the fullment of conditions for the application of theNekhoroshev theorem to real dynamical systems was successfully completed. Theregion in the phase space of orbital elements occupied by the Veritas asteroid family was mapped in terms of the 3jet condition. It was found that the theorem can be applied to the dynamics in the Veritas family, since the 3-jet condition is satised in the stableregion, and not satised in the chaotic zone associated with the (5,2,2) three body mean motion resonance JupiterSaturn-asteroid. Thus the dynamics in the former regionappears to be in the Nekhoroshev regime, while in the latter it is in the chaotically diusiveChirikov regime.

A study of the motion of the asteroids in the Veritas family region and the determination of the corresponding coecients of diusion was also completed. The age of this family was estimated by means of two independent methods, one based on the convergence of the nodal longitudes of the orbits of the family members with stable motion, and the other based on the modied chaotic chronology method applied to thefamily members with chaotic motion. Both methods indicate that the family might be some My old, which makes it one of the youngest in the solar system.

An original method to compute asteroid preliminary orbits, which enables a reduction in real time of any amount of data contemporary observational techniques can produce, was introduced. An algorithm was developed to link two short observational series by means of an attributable (two positions and two angular velocities at the mean epoch of observations), and to nd the third associated series, thus providing for a reliableidentication of objects and an accurate determination of their orbits. The procedureswere tested with large simulations of observation runs and it was found that they ensure a high reliability and degree of completeness of identications, being simultaneouslyecient enough to cope with the expected amount of output of the next generation ofall-sky surveys.

Topic: The motion of major planets and their satellites(Principal Investigator: Vojislava ProtiBeniek, MA)

CCD observations of the major planets Jupiter, Saturn and Mars, as well as of the satellites of Uranus, were performed. A preliminary reduction of the data was completed, while the nal results will be submitted to the Minor Planet Center, Cambridge, MA, USA. Final results of the analysis of the transits of Mercury (from 2003) and of Venus (from 2004) were prepared for publishing.

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Corrections of proper motions were computed for a number of stars of the HIPPARCOS catalogue determined from satellite observations, for which a long series of ground-based observations were also available. The obtained results were comparedwith those of other authors and good agreement (within observational errors) was found. In this way, a contribution was made to improvements of the International Celestial Reference Frame, which is represented by the HIPPARCOS catalogue in the optical part of the spectrum.

Milani A., Kneevi Z., 2005: From Astrometry to Celestial Mechanics: Orbit Determina-tion with Very Short Arcs. In: A Comparison of the Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Sys-tems. The Heinrich Eichhorn Lecture, R. Dvorak and S. Ferraz-Mello, Eds., Springer, Dordrecht, 118.

Milani A., Gronchi G.F., Kneevi Z., Sansaturio M.E., Arratia O., 2005: Orbit determination with very short arcs. II Identications. Icarus, 179, 350374.

Kneevi Z., Gronchi G.F., 2005: Orbit determination from very short arcs: attributable orbital elements and their uncertainty. Abstracts Book, IAU Symposium 229 Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2005, 102103.

Kneevi Z., Tsiganis K., Varvoglis H., 2005: Chaotic diusion in the Veritas asteroid familyregion. Fourth Meeting on Celestial Mechanics, CELMEC IV, Abstracts, 14.

Kneevi Z., Tsiganis K., Varvoglis H., 2005: Age of the Veritas asteroid family from two independent estimates. 14th National Conference of Astronomers of Serbia and Montenegro, Book of Abstracts, 19.

Pavlovi R., 2005: Applicability of the Nekhoroshev theorem in Veritas family chaotic region. Abstracts Book, IAU Symposium 229 Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2005, 80.

Pavlovi R., 2005: Applicability of Nekhoroshevs theorem in some selected chaotic regions. 14th National Conference of Astronomers of Serbia and Montenegro, Book of Abstracts, 20.

Benishek V., Protitch-Benishek V., 2005: CCD Observations of Solar System Bodies from Belgrade Astronomical Observatory. Proceedings of the IV SerbianBulgarian Conference, 131134.

Damljanovi G., Vondrak J., 2005: Improved proper motions in declination of some HIPPARCOS stars derived from observations of latitude. Proc. of Journes 2004 Systmes de Rfrence Spatio Temporels Fundamental Astronomy: New concepts and models for high accuracy observations, Ed. N. Capitaine, Obs. de Paris, 230231.

Damljanovi G., 2005: Method of calculation to improve proper motions in declination of HIPPARCOS stars observed with Photographic Zenith Tubes. Book of Abstracts of Journes 2005 Systmes de Rfrence Spatio Temporels Earth dynamics and reference systems: veyears after the adoption of the IAU 2000 Resolutions, 1921 September 2005, Warsaw, Obs. de Paris and Polish Academy of Sciences, 78.

Damljanovi G., Pejovi N., 2005: Groundbased latitude data and the improved refer-ence frame. 14th National Conference of Astronomers of Serbia and Montenegro, Book of Abstracts, 42.

Project: SHAPES AND SHIFTS OF SPECTRAL LINES IN GAS PLASMAS AND ELEC-TRIC GAS DISCHARGES

(Corresponding Member Nikola Konjevi)

The results of a Doppler spectroscopic study of the hydrogen Balmer alpha linein an abnormal glow discharge operated in pure hydrogen conrmed the presence ofexcessive broadening in the low electric eld region of a negative glow. This eect is related to the collisions of fast hydrogen atoms with molecular hydrogen. The collisionmodel also enabled an estimation of the eective cross section data from the decay curvesof the Balmer alpha axial intensity.

A Doppler spectroscopic study of the hydrogen and deuterium Balmer lines in a stainless steel and copper hollow cathode glow discharge, operated in pure hydrogen,

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deuterium and mixtures of inert gases with hydrogen also showed excessively broad line wings for all the gases and gas mixtures. By changing the mode of operation of the glow discharge, the Doppler broadened line proles in a helium-hydrogen mixture wererecorded parallel to the discharge electric eld. If the direction of the electric eld waschanged, the excessively broadened part of the line prole was shifted towards blue or redwavelengths, which is in agreement with the predictions of the collision model.

A comparative study of the shapes of the hydrogen H alpha line in titanium and stainless steel hollow cathode discharges run with hydrogen or an argon-hydrogen mixture demonstrated the possibility of using the excessively broadened part of the line prole for monitoring the heavy particle-cathode surface interaction.

The results of an experimental study along the carbon isoelectronic sequence ofanalogous spectral lines of singly ionised nitrogen and doubly ionised oxygen in a plasma of pulsed capillary discharge show diculties during the electron temperature scaling ofthe Stark broadening data along the sequence. The same results explain the erroneousconclusions of an earlier experiment. Theoretical calculations of the plasma broadenedline widths of the N II and O III ions demonstrate the high reliability of a modiedsemi-empirical formula, which compares very well with the experimental results and sophisticated semi-classical calculations.

A study of the shapes of the neon line in a pulsed capillary plasma and an estimation of the contribution of ion broadening to the line width indicated cause of possible systematic errors in another experiment and conrmed the validity of earliertheoretical results based on the quasistatic ion approximation.

Cvetanovi N., Kuraica M.M., Konjevi N., 2005: Excessive Balmer line broadening in a plane cathode abnormal glow discharge in hydrogen. Journal of Applied Physics, 97, 033302-8.

iovi N.M., Majstorovi G.Lj., Konjevi N., 2005: Excessive hydrogen and deuterium Balmer lines broadening in a hollow cathode glow discharges. European Physics Journal D, 32, 347-354.

Ivkovi M., Ben Nessib N., Konjevi N., 2005: Stark broadening of 3s3P0-3p3D and 3p3D-3d3F0 transitions along carbon isoelectronic sequences of ions revisted. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular, Optical Physics, 38, 715-728.

Jovievi S., Ivkovi M., iki R., Konjevi N., 2005: On the Stark broadening of Ne I lines and quasistatic versus impact approximation. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular, Optical Physics, 38, 1249-1259.

Konjevi N., Majstorovi G.Lj., iovi N.M., 2005: Excessive broadening of hydrogen Balmer lines for discharge-surface interaction monitoring. Applied Physics Letters, 86, 251502, three pages.

Project: AFFINE SYMMETRY OF PHYSICAL LAWS(Corresponding Member Djordje ijaki)

The covering of the ane symmetry group, a semi-direct product of translationsand special linear transformations, in D greater than or equal to 3 dimensional space-time was considered. Innite dimensional spinorial representations on states and eldsare presented. A Dirac-like ane equation, with innite matrices generalizing the gammamatrices, was constructed.

Embedding of a bosonic and/or fermionic p-brane into a generic curved D-dimensional space-time was considered. In contradistinction to the bosonic p-brane case, when there are no constraints whatsoever on generic curving, the usual superbrane can

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be embedded into a curved space-time of a restricted curviture only. A generic curving is achieved by extending the odd sector of a superbrane as to transform w.r.t. SL (D,R), i.e. Di (D,R) innite-component spinorial representations. Relevant constructions in theD=3 case were considered.

ijaki Dj., 2005: Ane Particles and Fields. International Journal of Geometric Meth-ods in Modern Physics, 2, 159-188.

ijaki Dj., 2005: Superbranes and Generic Curved Spacetime. 3rd Summer School in Modern Mathematical Physics, SFIN, 18, No. A1, 337-348.

Interdepartmental Committee: DFICIENCY OF SELENIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN SERBIA

(Academician Zoran Maksimovi)

All aerobic organisms had to develop an anti-oxidative defence system (AODS) against reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially from extremely reactive free radicals (FR), which are naturally formed and may damage the biosystem with their reactivity. Mammals developed a multi-level organization of defence from various dangerous eectsof ROS production. An AODS has its own capacity for redox scavenging (and also repair from injuries), which includes various specic proteins and non-proteins, enzymaticdefenders, vitamins, essential trace elements, the engagements of which depend on the specicity of the species and individual. Exposure of a living system to endogenousand/or exogenous hazardous agents may force it to the excessive production of ROS, thus overwhelming the capacity of the AODS. Depleting or incapacitating the AODS for defence results in damage to biosystems by uncontrolled ROS and the appearance of oxidative stress. Nowadays, it is known that the state of oxidative stress can be directly or indirectly implicated in a number of disorders and disease states.

The essential trace element selenium (Se) is necessary for a living system to functionand is an important part of the AODS as selenoproteins and enzymes with antioxidant properties. Blood and tissue levels of Se are related to dietary intake. There is a lot ofevidence that a deciency of Se in soil and consequently in the food chain of animals and humans, can, by decreasing tolerance to oxidative damage, enhance the susceptibility of the living system to oxidative stress and hence associated disorders.

In this study, on an in vivo animal model, the eects of elevating the Se level inWister albino rats, from a deciency state to optimal, by supplementation with Se inthe form of the protein-bound element in selenous yeast, on the capability of the AODS in blood to counteract articially induced oxidative stress was investigated. Radiationinduced stress was achieved by whole body exposition to gamma rays irradiation while chemical stress was induced by application the cytostatic drugs adriamicin, cytosine arabinoside or uorouracil. The animals were exposed to stress after one month of Se supplementation. Alterations in red blood cells (RBC) and the components of the AODS (GSH, GSSG and Se levels, GSHPx and CAT activity) and oxidative stress indicators (MDA level and ratio GSH/GSSG) in the blood plasma (Pl) of rats exposed to stress were analysed.

The results showed that daily supplementation with Se in the form of Se-enrichedbrewery yeast, which is very similar natural dietary Se sources, represents a suitable form for to overcome Se deciency and, for long-time supplementation, can be administeredwithout any indications of accumulation or toxic eects.

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Radiation stress by exposition to 4.2 Gy (60Co source) gamma rays caused a decrease in the Se and GSH levels in RBC, as well as of GSH-Px activity in RBC and Pl, and an increase in oxidative stress indicators, MDA and GSSG levels, in the rst 7 days afterirradiation. An increased Se level in the organism, achieved through supplementation, generally exhibited a protective eect against whole body irradiation, reducing theengagement of AODS components, also monitoring the components of the AODS for a longer period of time after radiation stress (up to 240 days after irradiation).

Exposition to chemical stress by application of cytostatics in doses corresponding to those employed in human therapy showed that these chemicals greatly aected the AODScapacity and indicators of oxidative stress in Se-decient animals. Se supplementation tothe optimal level had a protective eect in the cases all three chemical stress inducers,decreasing the alterations in the engagement of AODS compounds. These results suggestpeople who have to be exposed to this kind of stress should receive Se-supplementation for better protection.

The activity of the antioxidant defence enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were studied. Themussels were collected in winter and in spring at two localities in the Adriatic Sea. It could be concluded that seasonal variations should be incorporated into interpretations of biomonitoring studies with mussels.

The activities of CuZn SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR and GST in the blood of familalamyotrophyc lateral sclerosis patients with Leu144Phe mutation (FALS), asymptomatic carriers with Leu144Phe mutation and controls were studied. The obtained results suggestthat oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of FALS.

The eect of Cd on the antioxidant defence system (AOS) in the hearts of ratswas analysed. It can be concluded that coenzyme Q

10 (CoQ

10) is involved in mechanisms

including its modulation of gene expression. The eects of Cd, CoQ

10 and Cd+CoQ

10 of the AOS in rats were established. The

obtained results revealed that CoQ10 partially reversed Cd-induced changes of the AOS in the kidney.

The mechanism by which selenium (Se) decreases Cd toxicity in rats seems to bethe main factor in the protection of the enzyme systems in the liver, kidneys and heart of rats, possibly by forming non-toxic Cd selenide.

Nitro-glycerine induced oxidative stress in rat reticulocytes, as well as inhibition of the activities of Mn SOD and glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes was investigated.

The results obtained in our study of spinycheek craysh showed a strong tissuespecity of the AOS in hepatopancreas, gills and muscle, which is accompanied with itsdierent metabolic activity.

Interactions between nitric oxide donors, reactive oxygen species and AOS were studied in isolated uterine smooth muscle during spontaneous rhythmic activity.

Djuji I., Jozanov-Stankov O., Proti S., Krivokapi Z., 2005: Eects of supplements withselenomethionine on the oxidative stress status in selenium decient subjects. 4th International Meeting, Dietary Antioxidants: Trace elements, vitamins and polyphenols Functional and clinical aspects in humans, Monastir, Tunisia, Proceedings, O2.9, 84-89.

Djuji I., Jozanov-Stankov O., Proti S., Krivokapi Z., 2005: Eects of supplementswith selenomethionine on trace element status in selenium decient subjects. 4th International

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Meeting, Dietary Antioxidants: Trace elements, vitamins and polyphenols Functional and clinical aspects in humans, Monastir, Tunisia, Proceedings, O2.11, 96-99.

Djuji I., Demajo M., Jozanov Stankov O., Markovi Lj., 2005: Health benets of consumingselenium-enriched quail eggs. 5th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Human: New Perspectives, Athens Greece, Proceedings, 622-635 (www.med.uoa.gr).

Djuji I.S., Jozanov Stankov O.N., Demajo M.A., Markovi Lj.U., uni S.S., 2005: Increased human and animal intake of selenium by diet composed of crops foliary enriched with selenium. 12th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals (TEMA 12), Coleraine, Northern Ireland, Abstracts, 134 (www.tema12.com; http://www.tema12.com).

Djuji I., Demajo M., Jozanov-Stankov O., Markovi Lj., 2005: Human Health protection by the optimisation of selenium content in poultry eggs. Conference on Environment and Human Health with international participation, Ed.: L. Jovanovi, Beograd, Abstracts, 164-166.

Borkovi S.S., aponji J.S., Pavlovi S.Z., Blagojevi D.P., Miloevi S.M., Kovaevi .B., Radojii R.M., Spasi M.B., iki .V., Saii Z.S., 2005: The activity of antioxidant defenceenzymes in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Adriatic Sea, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 141, 366-374.

Pavlovi S.Z., Ognjanovi B.I., tajn A.., iki R.V., Radojii R.M., Saii Z.S., 2005: A possible protective role of coenzyme Q

10 on antioxidant defense enzyme activties in kidneys of rats

treated with cadmium. Iugoslave Physiologica Pharmacologica Acta, 41, 13-20.Ognjanovi B.I., Markovi S.D., Pavlovi S.Z., iki R.V., tajn A.., Petrovi V.M., Saii

Z.S., 2005: Eect of chronic cadmium exposure on glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in rat: the role of selenium. The First Congress of Physiological Sciences ofSerbia and Montenegro with International Participation, Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Basis of Health, Disease and Therapy, Belgrade, November 9-12, 2005, Abstract Book, 202.

Markovi S.D., Ognjanovi B.I., iki R.V., tajn A.., Saii Z.S., Spasi M.B., 2005: Nitroglycerininduced oxidative stress and alteration of antioxidant enzyme activities in reticulocytes of rats. The First Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia and Montenegrowith International Participation, Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Basis of Health, Disease and Therapy, Belgrade, November 9-12, 2005, Abstract Book, 214.

Borkovi S.S., Miloevi S.M., Kovaevi T.B., Pavlovi S.Z., tajn A.., iki R.V., Maksimovi-Kosanovi K., Saii Z.S., 2005: Activities of antioxidant defense enzyme in some tissues of spinyscheek craysh (Orconectes Limosus Ranesque) from Serbian part of Danuberiver. The First Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia and Montenegro with InternationalParticipation, Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Basis of Health, Disease and Therapy, Belgrade, November 9-12, 2005, Abstract Book, 219.

Slavi M., Appiah I., Nikoli-Koki A., Radojii R., Jones D.R., Spasi M.B., Milovanovi S., Blagojevi D., 2005: The anti-oxidative defence system in the isolated rat uterus during spon-taneous rhythmic activity. The First Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia and Mon-tenegro with International Participation Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Basis of Health, Disease and Therapy, November 9-12, 2005, Belgrade, Abstract Book, 224.

INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR THE KARST OF SERBIA AND SPELEOLOGY

(Academician Stevan Karamata)

The morphological typology of karstic springs on the northern side of the SvrljikeMts. was established. Middle Palaeolithic beds were discovered in the cave Velika Balanica in Sievo.

The exploration of the cave Crvena Stijena (Montenegro), one of the best knownPalaeolithic sites in south-eastern Europe, continued in cooperation with the Michigan State University.

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INTERACADEMIC COOPERATION OF THE SASA AND THE MONTENGRIN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS

Project: THE STUDY OF FOSSIL FLORA AND FAUNA OF MONTENEGRO(Corresponding Member Marko Ercegovac)

Marine sedimentary rocks of the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic are found in dierent parts of the Dinarides. Biostratigraphic and palaeoecological investigationsof palynomorphs from Upper Permian and Lower Triassic carbonate rocks, connected with a Permian epiplatform, in the Poensko lake and Nikika upa (Dinarides) were continued.

Project: RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN BAUXITES OF NIKIKA UPA(Corresponding Member Vidojko Jovi)

During 2005, a eld investigation in the open pit of bauxite deposit at Novi Zagrad(Nikika upa, Montenegro) was nished. On several proles, samples of bauxites fromthe lowest parts of the deposit were taken. These samples will be used for the extractionof light lanthanides and an estimation of the feasibility of the bauxites as sources for lanthanides.

Project: INVESTIGATION OF TERTIARY LAMPROITES(Corresponding Member Vidojko Jovi)

A study of ultrapotassic rocks from the Balkan Peninsula, started last year, was continued. A eld investigation in Macedonia was partly nished. XRF and ICP-MSspectroscopy, as well as analyses for Hf, Sr, Nd and Pb of thin sections were nished atthe University of Mainz (Germany). The obtained results will be presented at the IAVCECongress which is being held in China in 2006.

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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCESPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Project: NEW CATALYTIC SYSTEMS(Academician Paula Putanov)

Design of polymer properties, especially the relation between tensile and dynamic moduli in terms of chain conformational statistics was considered. Data on new elastomer blends with gradient properties enabling mixing on the molecular level were analysed in parallel to classical commodity materials.

A new model describing the rheological behaviour of immobilized biopolymers was developed and tested on the alginate system.

Enzyme immobilization in polymer networks was considered, particularly the dynamic properties of the polymer, which are directly related to transport processes.

Scaling relations between rheological parameters and structure were analysed as a function of the catalytic activity of biopolymers.

Plavi M., Paji-Lijakovi I., Putanov P., 2005: Chain conformational statistics and me-chanical properties of elastomer blends. The Chapter in: New Polymeric Materials (eds. Lj. Korugi-Karasz, W. Mac-Knight and E. Maruscelli), Oxford University Press and ACS, Oxford, 252-266.

Plavi M. B., Paji-Lijakovi J., Putanov P., 2005: Dynamical properties of polymer materi-als for enzyme immobilization. YUCOMAT International Conference, Herceg Novi, September 2005, Book af Abstracts, 172.

Project: THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS ORIENTED TOWARDS THEDEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CATALYSIS

(Academician Paula Putanov)

The subproject Catalytic isomerization of straight-chain C5-C

7 parans deals with

the problem of the octane number in a gasoline pool adapted to strong environmental restrictions. Investigation of the activity of unloaded and Pt-loaded HY- and ZSM-5 based catalysts in n-hexane cracking and isomerization was carried out. The cracking rateconstants indicate high dierences in the acidity of unloaded zeolites: ZSM-5>HY>ZSM-5-A. Introduction of Pt to the zeolites changed the isomerization mechanism, resulting in a ve times higher yield of isomers, with the order of the isomerization quality of thecatalysts being Pt HY > Pt-ZSM-5-A > Pt-ZSM-5.

The subproject 45 Years of the Belgrade School of Catalysis summarizes theexperience and the results of long-term, theoretical investigations devoted to the development of industrial catalysis.

Bokovi G., Putanov P., 2005: Acidity or metal functions a key factor determining izomerization activity of zeolites. X Congresso Mediterrneo de Ingenieria Quimica, Barcelona, 2005, T01-005.

45 Years of the Belgrade School of Catalysis, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, 2005.

Putanov P.: Scientic work; International scientic cooperation; Cooperation with domestic

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industry; Teaching in the eld of catalysis, 10-47.Moi A: Catalysis in the petroleum rening industry, 48-53.Pavlovi P.: Cooperation between the petroleum industry of Serbia (PIS) the Petroleum

Renery in Novi Sad and BSC, 54-58.Nei B.: Cooperation between the Mining and Smelting Basin in Bor and BSC, 59-62.Milanovi Lj.: Catalysis and catalyst analysis in the Fertilizer Company HIP-Azotara (HIP-

Nitrogen works) in Panevo, 63-68.Dingova E.: Applications of existing catalytic systems for propylene polymerization: Coop-

eration with the BSC, 69-81.

Project: THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE VIBRONIC, SPIN-ORBIT AND MAGNETIC HYPERFINE STRUCTURE IN POLYATOMIC MOLECULES

(Corresponding Member Miljenko Peri)

In the framework of this project, a theoretical ab initio approach to magnetic hyperne coupling in degenerate electronic states of triatomic and tetra-atomic molecules was developed. Special attention was paid to the calculation of the vibronically averaged components of the anisotropic hyperne tensor. Calculations of vibronic, spin-orbit and hyperne structure in the electronic ground states of the CCCH, HCCS andNCO radicals was carried out. These investigations have contributed to the elucidationof several new experimental results. The results of the calculations were published in thepapers listed below, and some of them were reported in the framework of invited lectures at the 43rd Conference of Serbian Chemists and at the scientic meeting Inuence ofPhysics on the Development of Scientic Ideas in Natural Sciences, Medicine, Technology,Sociology and Culture (SASA, November 9th, 2005).

Mladenovi M., Peri M., Jerosimi S., Engels B., 2004: An ab initio study of the hypernestructure in the X2 electronic state of HCCS. Molecular Physics, 102, 2623-2634.

Mladenovi M., Peri M., Engels B., 2004: An ab initio study of the anisotropic hypernecoupling constants in the low-lying vibronic levels of the X2 electronic state of CCCH. Journal of Chemical Physics, 121, 12361-12370.

Mladenovi M., Peri M., Rankovi R., Engels B., 2005: An ab initio study of the hypernestructure in the X2 electronic state of HCCS-calculation of vibronically averaged components of the anisotropic hyperne tensor. Molecular Physics, 103, 587-598.

Jerosimi S., Krmar M., Radi-Peri J., Peri M., 2005: Theoretical investigation of thehyperne structure in spatially and spin degenerate electronic states of triatomic and tetra-atomicmolecules. Journal of Serbian Chemical Society, 70, 423-439.

Parac M., Etinski M., Peri M., Grimme S., 2005: A theoretical investigation of the ge-ometries and binding energies of molecular tweezer and clip host-guest systems. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, 1, 1110-1118.

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CHEMISTRY

Project: CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF STEROIDS AND TERPENOIDS AND THE CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF DOMESTIC FLORA

(Academician Milutin Stefanovi)

Parthenolide, a biologically active sesquiterpene lactone found in signicantamount in Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew), has been indirectly linked to the anti-migraine action of feverfew preparations. T. larvatum collected throughout Montenegro contains a high level of parthenolide, comparable to that in feverfew. The chemicalcomposition of the essential oil in the aerial parts of the plant was investigated with the aim of exploring the possibility of applying the extract from this plant as a remedy for the same purposes as feverfew.

The compositions of essential oils of T. larvatum originating from four dierentlocations were examined. The samples from three locations were similar regarding thequalitative pattern, but displayed some quantitative dierences.Dominantwereoxygenatedmonoterpenes, followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The toxic oxygenated monoterpene sabinyl acetate wasfound to be the dominant component, which may be a limiting factor for the medical application of T. larvatum originating from these locations. The essential oil compositionfrom the fourth location diered signicantly from the other three. In this sample,monoterpene hydrocarbons were dominant, followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Sabinyl acetate, which was the dominant component in the other three samples, was detected only in traces in this one.

Trifunovi S., Aljani I., Vajs V., Macura S., Milosavljevi S., 2005: Sesquiterpene lactones and avones from Achillea depressa. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 33, 317-323.

Project: ORIGIN, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC MATTER APPLIED TO PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND

EXPLORATION FOR NEW ENERGY SOURCES (Academician Dragomir Vitorovi)

Environmental and organic geochemical investigations aimed at the elucidation of the structure of kerogens, the characterization of domestic coals and crude oils, the design of new petroleum maturation parameters based on the abundance and distribution of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons and their interpretation based on modern statistical methods, dening the early diagenesis processes in peat and coal deposits and deningthe interactions between surface water micro-organisms and petroleum type pollutants were carried out.

Dragojlovi V., Ambls A., Bajc S., Vitorovi D., 2005: Ether and ester moieties in Messel shale kerogen examined by hydrolysis/ruthenium tetroxide oxidation/hydrolysis. Organic Geo-chemistry, 36 (1), 1-12.

Djurka D., Pfendt P., Jovanievi B., Cvetkovi O., Wehner H., 2005: Natural bitumens versus oil pollution in the Vlasina lake peat. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 3 (1), 39-42.

Golovko A.K., Gorbunova L.V., Jovanievi B., Kamyanov V.F., Stojanovi K., 2005: Composition and structural characteristics of Cenozoic crude oils from Pannonian basin

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(Yugoslavia). Petroleum Chemistry (Neftehimiya), 45 (3), 156-167. Jovanievi B., Anti A., olevi T., Vrvi M., Kronimus A., Schwarzbauer J., 2005:

Investigation of interactions between surface water and petroleum type pollutant. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 12, 205-212.

olevi T., Stojanovi K., Jovanievi B., Kronimus A., Schwarzbauer J., 2005: Multivariate statistical methods applied to interpretation of saturated biomarkers (Velebit oil eld, PannonianBasin, Serbia). 22th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry: Challenges for the 21st Century, Seville, Spain, September 12-16, 2005, Book of Abstracts, Vol. 1, 253-254.

Stojanovi K., Jovanievi B., Vitorovi D., Golovko J., Pevneva G., Golovko A., 2005: New approach to maturity investigation of Banat depression crude oils (Southeastern part of the Pannonian Basin, Serbia) based on distribution of naphthalene and phenanthrene isomers. 22nd International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry: Challenges for the 21st Century, Seville, Spain, September 12-16, 2005, Book of Abstracts, Vol. 1, 255-256.

ivoti D., Wehner H., Cvetkovi O., Jovanievi B., Greti I., Hiltman W., Scheeder G., Vidal A., ajnovi A., 2005: Organic geochemistry and coal petrology of Tertiary brown coal in the Soko mine, Soko Banja basin, Serbia and Montenegro. 22nd International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry: Challenges for the 21st Century, Seville, Spain, September 12-16, 2005, Book of Abstracts, Vol. 1, 569-570.

Ercegovac M., Aleksi B.R., Cvetkovi O., Aleksi B.D., ivoti D., Vitorovi D., 2005: Micropetrographic characteristics of solid residues after catalytic hydrogenation of the Serbianlow rank coals. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology - ICCP, Patras, Greece, September 18-23, 2005, Abstracts Book, 38.

Ercegovac M., ivoti D., Aleksi B.R., Aleksi B.D., Cvetkovi O., Markovi B., Vitorovi D., 2005: Brown coals of Serbia: A review of properties, uses and future perspectives. 6th European Coal Conference, Belgrade, September 26-29, 2005, Book of Abstracts, 5.

Mrki S., Pfendt P., Jovanievi B., Vrvi M., Nikoli P., 2005: Xylene degradation in the clays of an alluvial aquifer. 6th European Meeting of Environmental Chemistry, Belgrade, December 6-10, 2005, Book of Abstracts, 164.

Anti M., Jovanievi B., Ili M., Vrvi M.M., Schwarzbauer J., 2005: Degradation of petroleum pollutant by surface water microorganisms - Phormidium foveolarum and Achanthes minutissima. 6th European Meeting of Environmental Chemistry, Belgrade, December 6-10, 2005, Book of Abstracts, 241.

Project: SYNTHESIS OF STEROIDAL ANALOGUES OF ARTEMISININAND 1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES

(Academician Milutin Stefanovi)

Previously, several deoxycholic tetraoxane derivatives having various amide substituents at C (24) were successfully prepared. Theseriesofnewtetraoxaneswasscreenedagainst chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-susceptible Plasmodium falciparum strains, W2 and D6, respectively. The compounds exhibited in vitro activity within a 10340 nM range, with the 12-acetoxy-5-cholan-24- amide-3-spiro-6-(1,2,4,5-tetraoxacyclohexane)-3-spiro-1-((4R)-alkyl) cyclohexane series being remarkably more active than the epimeric (4S)-congeners. Some of tetraoxane deoxycholic acid derivatives showed remarkably high antiproliferative activity in a panel of 60 cancer cell lines, totally inhibiting cell proliferation of Colon cancers at concentrations as low as 20 and 19 nM (COLO205 and M14, respectively).

Young S., Yang Y.S, Anova L.D., Terzi N., olaja B.A., Diaz D.D., Forte R.B., Smith P.L., Di-tusa C.A., Smith K.S., 2005: Metabolic Proling of Steroidal Mixed Tetraoxane Antimalarial DrugCandidates. 53rd ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry, June 5-9, 2005, San Antonio, Texas. The Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 16 (5S): 28S.

Bhattacharjee A.K, Carvalho K.A., Opsenica D., olaja B.A., 2005: Structure-activity relationship study of steroidal 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane antimalarials using computational procedures.

31

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 70, 329-345.olaja B.A., Terzi N., Smith K.S., Opsenica D.M., Smith P.L., Milhous W.K., 2005: Reductive

cleavage of 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane antimalarials. 230th ACS National Meeting, American Chemical Society, August 28 - September 1, 2005, Washington, DC. Abstracts of papers, MEDI 191.

Patents:Bogdan Solaja, Belgrade (YU); Dejan M. Opsenica, Veljka (YU); Gabriella Pocsfalvi, Na-

poli (IT); Wilbur K. Milhous, Germantown, MD (US); Dennis E. Kyle, (US): Mixed steroidal 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane compounds and methods of making and using thereof. US 6,906,098 B2, Date of Patent: June 14, 2005.

Project: CHEMICAL REACTIVITY AND BIOACTIVITY OF NATURALLY OCCUR-RING HYDROQUINONES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES

(Academician Miroslav J. Gai)

Chemical and biological modication of the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase withavarone and its derivatives was performed. These biologically active compounds werefound to react with the lysine residues in the enzyme.

Hydroquinone -glucoside and hydroquinone -maltoside were synthesized using -glucosidase from bakers yeast and the enzymatic synthesis was optimised.

A-ring aromatised and conduritol-like steroidal compounds were synthesized and their antiproliferative activity was determined.

Mili D., Kop T., Jurani Z., Gai M.J., Tinant B., Pocsfalvi G., olaja B., 2005: Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of A-ring aromatised and conduritol-like steroidal compounds. Ster-oids, 70, 922-932.

Prodanovi R.M., Milosavi N.B., Sladi D., irkovi-Velikovi T., Vuji Z., 2005: Synthesis of hydroquinone -glucoside by -glucosidease from bakers yeast. Biotechnology Letters, 27, 551-554.

Prodanovi R.M., Milosavi N.B., Sladi D., Zlatovi M., Boi B., irkovi-Velikovi T., Vuji Z., 2005: Transglycosylation of hydroquinone catalysed by -glucosidase from bakers yeast. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 35, 142-146.

Project: INVESTIGATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL CHEMISTRY(Academician Ivan Gutman)

In the plan for the year 2005, four main directions of intended research were indicated. Here, only those results which were published in 2005 or in late 2004 are mentioned.

(a) The papers 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 21, 22, 29 and 30 are concerned with thedistribution of electron density and energy in the rings of polycyclic (mainly benzenoid) compounds. Other works 3, 5, 6, 24 and 27 are related to the electron properties of benzenoid compounds, whereas 20 is a review of the research performed in the last 30 years. The total -electron energy was reported in papers 7, 28 and 35, whereas papers 25 and 34 are reviews.

(b) Paper 4 is concerned with bond orders.(c) Various graph invariants, especially those of interest in chemistry, were

investigated in 1, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 31. A novel type of molecular graphs is elaborated in the papers 13, 14 and 26, whereas a specic kind of QSPR method is dealt with in paper23.

(d) Papers 2, 32, 33 and, in part, 7 and 35 are contributions to the spectral theory of graphs.

32

1. Gutman I., Hansen P., Mlot H., 2005: Variable neighborhood search for extremal graphs 10. Comparison of irregularity indices for chemical trees. Journal of Chemical Informa-tion and Modeling, 45, 222-230.

2. Fiorini S., Gutman I., Sciriha I., 2005: Trees with maximum nullity. Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 397, 245-251.

3. Salem K., Gutman I., 2005: The unxed subgraph of a catacondensed hexagonal systemobtained by xing an alternating set. Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, 38, 503-510.

4. Gutman I., Radenkovi S., Furtula B., Hosoya H., 2005: Some properties of the topological bond order. Chemical Physics Letters, 407, 73-77.

5. Gutman I., Gojak S., Furtula B., 2005: Clar theory and resonance energy. Chemical Physics Letters, 413, 396-399.

6. Salem K., Zheng M., Gutman I., 2005: Pair-wise resonance in catacondensed hexagonal systems. Chemical Physics Letters, 416, 38-41.

7. Ramane H.S., Walikar H.B., Rao S.B., Acharya B.D., Hampiholi P.R., Jog S.R., Gutman I., 2005: Spectra and energies of iterated line graphs of regular graphs. Applied Mathematics Letters, 18, 679-682.

8. Gutman I., Balaban A.T., Randi M., Kiss-Toth C., 2005: Partitioning of -electrons in rings of bonacenes. Zeitschrift fr Naturforschung, 60a, 171-176.

9. Gutman I., Furtula B., Turkovi N., 2005: Electron and energy contents of hexagons in benzenoid hydrocarbons. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 25, 87-94.

10. Gutman I., Randi M., Balaban A.T., Furtula B., Vukovi V., 2005: -Electron contents of rings in the double-hexagonal-chain homologous series (pyrene, anthanthrene, ...). Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 25, 215-226.

11. Gutman I., Stojanovi G., Bokovi Z., Radulovi N., Rai P., 2005: Comparing the Randi-Balaban and the Clar models for partitioning of -electrons in rings of benzenoid hydrocarbons. The case of phenes and starphenes. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 25, 345-355.

12. Gutman I., Gojak S., Turkovi N., Furtula B., 2005: Polanskys benzenoid character and the electron content of rings of benzenoid hydrocarbons. MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry, 53, 139-145.

13. Gutman I., Toropov A.A., Toropova A.P., 2005: The graph of atomic orbitals and itsbasic properties. 1. Wiener index. MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry, 53, 215-224.

14. Gutman I., Furtula B.,. Toropov A.A., Toropova A.P., 2005: The graph of atomic orbitalsand its basic properties. 2. Zagreb indices. MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry, 53, 225-230.

15. Hansen P., Mlot H., Gutman I., 2005: Variable neighborhood search for extremal graphs 12. A note on the variance of bounded degrees in graphs. MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry, 54, 221-232.

16. Zhou B., Gutman I., 2005: Further properties of Zagreb indices. MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry, 54, 233-239.

17. Li X., Zhao H., Gutman I., 2005: On the Merrield-Simmons index of trees. MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry, 54, 389-402.

18. Hu Y., Li X., Shi Y., Xu T., Gutman I., 2005: On molecular graphs with smallest and greatest zeroth-order general Randi index. MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry, 54, 425-434.

19. Gutman I., Turkovi N., 2005: On the distribution of -electrons into rings of conjugated hydrocarbons containing a linear polyacene fragment. Monatshefte fr Chemie, 136, 713-717.

20. Gutman I., 2005: Cyclic conjugation energy eects in polycyclic -electron systems.Monatshefte fr Chemie, 136, 1055-1069.

21. Furtula B. Gutman I., Turkovi N., 2005: Relation between electron and energy contents of hexagons in catacondensed benzenoid hydrocarbons. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 44A, 9-12.

22. Gutman I., Milosavljevi S., Furtula B., Cmiljanovi N., 2005: Relation between electron and energy contents of hexagons in pericondensed benzenoid hydrocarbons. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 44A, 13-17.

23. Toropov A.A., Toropova A.P., Mukhamedzhanova D.V., Gutman I., 2005: Simplied

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molecular input line entry system (SMILES) as an alternative for constructing quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR). Indian Journal of Chemistry, 44A, 1545-1552.

24. Gutman I., Stankovi S., Kovaevi R., Djurdjevi J., Furtula B., 2005: Anomalous cyclic conjugation in benzenoid molecules with a small number of Kekul structures. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 44A, 1751-1755.

25. Gutman I., 2005: Topology and stability of conjugated hydrocarbons. The dependenceof total -electron energy on molecular topology. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 70, 441-456.

26. Toropov A.A., Gutman I., Furtula B., 2005: Graph of atomic orbitals and molecular structure-descriptors based on it. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 70, 669-674.

27. Gutman I., Furtula B., Djurdjevi J., Kovaevi R., Stankovi S., 2005: Annelated perylenes: Benzenoid molecules violating the Kekul-structure-based cyclic conjugation models. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 70, 1023-1031.

28. Trker L., Gutman I., 2005: Iterative estimation of total -electron energy. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 70, 1193-1197.

29. Gutman I., Furtula B., Jeremi S., Turkovi N., 2005: Electron content of rings of fully benzenoid hydrocarbons. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 70, 1199-1205.

30. Gutman I., Furtula B., Vukovi V., Arsi B., Randjelovi M., 2005: Partition of -electrons in rings of double linear hexagonal chains. Bulletin T. CXXX de l`Academie serbe des sciences et des arts, Sciences naturelles, 43, 97-105.

31. Gutman I., 2005: Some relations between distance-based polynomials of trees. Bulletin de lAcadmie Serbe des Sciences at des Arts (Cl. Math. Natur.), 131, 1-7.

32. Petrovi M., Gutman I., Guo S., 2005: On the spectral radius of bicyclic graphs. Bulletin de lAcadmie Serbe des Sciences at des Arts (Cl. Math. Natur.), 131, 93-99.

33. Gutman I., 2004: A spectral property of regular and semiregular graphs. Bulletin of Mathematicians of Banja Luka, 11, 1-4.

34. Gutman I., 2005: What chemists could not see without mathematics Dependence of total -electron energy on molecular structure. Kragujevac Journal of Science, 27, 57-66.

35. Ramane H.S., Gutman I., Walikar H.B., Halkarni S.B., 2005: Equienergetic complement graphs. Kragujevac Journal of Science, 27, 67-74.

Project: SYNTHETIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY FREE RADICAL AND IONIC REACTIONS

(Corresponding Member ivorad ekovi)

The research for this project was realised in the laboratories of the Faculty ofChemistry. Taxine B was isolated from the needles of yew trees and then reactions leading to the construction of the oxetane ring D and the introduction of a hydroxyl group at position 4 of the taxine B molecule were investigated. In the next steps, fragmentation reactions of the hydroxyl derivatives were investigated in order to construct an eight-membered cyclic ether ring. In these investigations, a large number of intermediates possessing the taxoid skeleton were prepared, the pharmaceutical activities of which were also studied.

The chiral synthesis of (-)-cytoxazone and its epimer was also realised.

Ferjani Z., Matovi R., ekovi ., Snyder J.P., Saii R.N., 2005: Synthesis, biological evaluation and modeling of a C,D-seco-taxoid. Tetrahedron Letters, 46, 5049.

Toki-Vujoevi Z., Petrovi G., Raki B., Matovi R., Saii R.N., 2005: Synthesis of (-)-Cytoxazone and (+)-epi-Cytoxazone: The Chiral Pool Approach. Synthetic Communications, 35, 435.

ekovi ., 2005: Reactions of carbon radicals generated by 1,5-transposition of reactive centers. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 70, 287-318.

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BIOLOGY

Project: CATECHOLAMINE METABOLISM AND CELL PROTECTION FROM OXI-DATIVE DAMAGES EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

(Academician Vojislav M. Petrovi)

The inuence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on the activity of keyenzymes of the antioxidant defence system (AOS) as well as of the catecholamine-degrading enzyme monoamino oxidase (MAO) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP 1) in rat brown fat (BF) were studied. The results showed that AOS, MAO and UCP 1 are notablyaected by the thyroid hormone.

Cviji G., Petrovi N., Djordjevi J., Davidovi V., Petrovi V.M., 2004: Eect of cold ex-posure on serum DBH and interscapular brown adipose tissue MAO in hypothyroid T3 and T4 treated rats. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1018, 214-219.

Koko V., Djordjevi J., Cviji G., Davidovi V., 2004: Eect of acute heat stress on ratadrenal glands. Morphological and stereological study. Journal of Experimental Biology, 207, 4225-4230.

Petrovi N., Cviji G., Djordjevi J., Davidovi V., 2005: The Activities of Antioxidant En-zymes and Monoamine Oxidase and Uncoupling Protein 1 Content in Brown Fat of Hypo and Hyperthyroid Rats. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1040, 1-5.

Project: ADAPTIVE LIMITS OF POPULATION-GENETIC POLYMORPHISM(Academician Dragoslav Marinkovi)

The study of gene-allozyme control of the phosphor-sugar metabolic system inDrosophila suggests a clear evolutionary origin of allelogenes determined at ve loci inthe third chromosomes. A tendency that more polymorphic loci and genotypes originate from monomorphic seems to be evident. The tness of the observed genotypes is basedon a balance between their frequency and their allelic polymorphi