Bulk Carrier Pamphlet

8162019 Bulk Carrier Pamphlet

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullbulk-carrier-pamphlet 124

Bulk Carrier


httpslidepdfcomreaderfullbulk-carrier-pamphlet 22401 Bulk Carrier

The Role of the Surveyor The scope and extent of ClassNK survey and inspection services is increasing Not only are more

ships being built but shipyards are coming to rely more and more on the high quality servicesoffered by ClassNK It is not uncommon to hear shipyard executives say things like We want

ClassNK to look after each and every ship we build in our yardrdquo and ClassNK surveyors give us

01 FeatureThe Role of the Surveyor in Building Better Ships

06 History and StructureProgress of Bulk Carriers

11 FocusRule C100

Technical Challenges and Daring Innovation

13 ReportThe ClassNK Research Center

Column - Pitting Corrosion

15 RuleShip Condition Assessment Program (CAP)

17 WatchCSR-bring changes to ship structural standards

ClassNKs Rule C100 project played an essential

part in their development

19 ServiceCSR Related Services

20 Topics

21 World Class amp NK Now

CONTENTS


httpslidepdfcomreaderfullbulk-carrier-pamphlet 324 Bulk Carrier 02

in Building Better Ships

Feature

advice on a number of important points and we regard ClassNK surveyors as our trusted advisorsrdquo

During a recent visit to one of Japanrsquos leading shipyards we were able to watch a ClassNK sur-veyor in action Even from just the short time we spent observing the ClassNK surveyor the experi-

ence and expertise that have become the hallmark of ClassNKrsquos reputation were readily apparent





Profound Trust of Clients

During our visit one of the shipyardrsquos executives told

us ldquoWersquove learned a lot of things from ClassNKrdquo

Building a ship is a step-by-step process and you

will 1047297nd ClassNK surveyors offering their support at every

step along the way The advice surveyors provide is indis-

pensable to building better quality ships

The amount of survey work being done by ClassNK sur-

veyors is increasing every year The most obvious reason

for this is the increase in the number of ships being builtto NK class A decade ago the shipyard we visited would

build 15 ships a year but now they are building as many

as 22 ships in the same time span Schedules are tight and

the yard is busy with activity While a bulk carrier is being

assembled in the dry dock blocks are being arranged and

taking up almost all the left over space At the same time

a bulk carrier that was just launched is now alongside the

1047297tting quay its deck a 1047298urry of activity as workers strive to

keep the out1047297tting work on schedule

The schedule of the ClassNK surveyors at the shipyard is

just as busy Ships on the weekly schedule are highlighted

with different colored pens to show which surveyor is in

charge of which ship Survey work starts from very early

in the morning and some surveys can take many hours to

complete There are only a few open spaces on the sched-

ule and even as the demand for surveys increases there is

little room to further streamline the workload An exclu-

sive surveyor in his early thirties working at the yard told us

fervently ldquoI try to concentrate on carrying out each surveyone at a time This helps keep me focused at all timesrdquo A

senior surveyor at the yard added that ClassNK surveyors

are always close by and they observe everything closely

even seemingly minor items emphasizing quality and being

involved with even the smallest details

This thoroughness in carrying out survey work is the

source of the trust that shipyards place in ClassNK allow-

ing them to say with con1047297dence that they rely on ClassNK

surveyors and gladly look to them for advice and support

Feature



Widening Role of Class Surveyors

Many shipyards already consider ClassNK sur-

veyors to be their trusted advisors A veteran

surveyor told us ldquoCurrently our role as survey-

ors has de1047297nitely expanded to serving as advisors as wellrdquo

The reason for this is that the job of the surveyors is no lon-

ger con1047297ned to just classi1047297cation matters Their work now

also covers ISM Code certi1047297cation and work related to the

ISPS Code As a result of the many marine casualties that

occurred in the 1990s the International Maritime Organi-

zation (IMO) decided to make the ISM Code mandatory

Under the ISM Code shipping companies are required to

establish a Safety Management System (SMS) which must

be certi1047297ed by the 1047298ag state or a recognized organization

working on its behalf This work is often undertaken by

classi1047297cation societies In light of recent terrorist attacks

the IMO has also made the ISPS Code mandatory in order

to increase maritime security Certi1047297cation of shipboard se-

curity systems in line with the ISPS Code is also now a job

undertaken by classi1047297cation societies as recognized organi-

zations of the 1047298ag state At ClassNK many surveyors un-

dergo quali1047297cation training for ISM Code and ISPC Code

related certi1047297cation but for most surveyors this is a job

that is done in addition to their ordinary class survey work

Class surveyors are increasingly working as agents on be-

half of 1047298ag states and this is expanding the scope of each

individual surveyorrsquos work As ClassNK surveyors take on

these roles it is only natural that the shipyards would begin

to look to them as ldquoadvisorsrdquo as well as surveyors

Why ClassNK is Trusted

Both shipyards and ClassNK are dedicated to the

construction of quality ships ClassNKrsquos younger

surveyors often remark that the senior staff stress

the importance of working together with the shipyard and

shipowner and ClassNK surveyors are taught the most ef-

fective ways to promote the construction of quality ships

Veteran experienced senior surveyors work side by side

with younger surveyors and encourage them to join the

shipbuilding effort as part of a team

Trust and con1047297dence are developed through the effective

transfer of technology and a true dedication to quality ser-

vice It is these core principles that ClassNK maintains in

its approach towards class surveys that gives shipyards the

con1047297dence to say ldquoWe want ClassNK to take care of each

and every ship we build at our yardrdquo

Feature



The first bulk carriers built by various Japanese shipyards

Ship Name Completion Shipbuilder DWT Type

Nichiryu Maru 1954 NKK Shimizu 15368 OreBulk

Nikitas Roussos 1960 Shin-MHI Kobe 21110 Bulk

Laconia 1960 Harima SampE 20853 Bulk

Amorgos 1961 IHI Tokyo 22850 Bulk

Bintan Maru 1961 Uraga Dock 15355 Bulk

Moshill 1961 MHI Nagasaki 24717 Bulk

Corsair 1962 MES Tamano 24911 Bulk

Eastern Sakura 75 1962 Hakodate Dock 15700 Log

Fugo Maru 1964 IHI Aioi 34986 Bulk

Arthur Stone 1965 Hitachi Innoshima 39277 Bulk

Aegean Sky 1966 MHI YokohamaHiroshima 40783 Bulk

Source Tsuneo Yoshiki Systematic Survey of the Development of Specialized Shipbuilding Tech-

nologies National Museum of Nature and Science Survey reports on the systemization of

technologies vol 5 2005 p 247

Note Topside tank = upper hopper ballast tank

Until the middle part of the 20th century the cargo

holds of ships carrying dry cargo were generally

partitioned into upper and lower holds This was

convenient for the carriage of cargo in boxes and in bags

and the partitioning deck itself contributed to the strength

of the hull structure Bulk carriers with topside tanks did

not emerge until the 1950s At the time bulk cargo volumes

were increasing and there was a growing need for ships that

could carry loose unpackaged dry cargos

The 1047297rst bulk carrier built in Japan was theNichiryu Maru

a twin engine twin shaft ship 1047297tted with two diesel engines

with a length of 153 metres breadth of 21 metres depth

of 115 metres and a deadweight of 15368 tons The ship

was designed to carry iron ore as its main cargo and was

completed at Nippon Kokanrsquos (NKK)

Shimizu Shipyard in August 1954

After the Nichiryu Maru the con-

struction of bulk carriers to carry coal

and grain became prominent in Japan

around 1960

The table shows the 1047297rst bulk carri-

ers built at several of Japanrsquos leading

shipyards

History and Structure

The Birth of the Bulk Carrier

The first bulk carrier built in Japan - the

Nichiryu Maru Nippon Kokan Shimizu

Shipyard Hull No 110

Rational Structure

The Development of Bulk Carriers

Ship designers often say that the bulk carrier is a ra-

tional structure with a minimal amount of waste

The triangular shaped topside tanks situated under

the main deck and the double bottom and hopper tanks at

the bottom of the ship help to strengthen the hull enabling

the cargo holds to be made larger Furthermore the holdstructure makes it possible for the cargo to be loaded with-

out the need for trimming allowing bulk carriers to carry

large volumes of cargo ef1047297ciently

It is important for ships carrying cargo in bulk to have

as large a hold capacity as possible and current bulk car-

rier designs have been re1047297ned

to meet such objectives Hop-

per tanks not only play a role in

strengthening the hull but they

also make it easier to unloadcargo This multi-functionality

is a perfect example of why the

bulk carrier is considered to be

an extremely rational structure Single-Sided Bulk Carrier



Acid production process

Coal(self-heating)

Moisture

Condensation

Reacts with sulfur

in coal

Formation of acids

S i d e s h e l l

Sea water

(cool)


The illustration and description be-

low shows a number of areas on bulk

carriers that require special attention

for maintenance and management

A Hatch corners are prone to cracking due to high stresses

on the upper deck the width of the opening and dis-

continuity of the strength properties

B The underside of the topside tank (upper deck) and

lower part of the topside tank are prone to corrosion

C Due to the con1047297gu-

ration of the single

side structure propermaintenance of the

frames inside the hold

is important from a

strength point of view

Once cracks develop

on the frames in the

hold there is a con-

cern that such cracks

may propagate to the

shell plate Frames in

holds are likely to be

damaged during cargo handling and the lower part in

particular is prone to corrosion and high stresses as

well When carrying coal especially the moisture gener-

ated in the holds due to differences in the temperature in

the hold and the surrounding seawater will dissolve the

sulphur in the coal causing a chemical reaction that will

lead to the development of corrosion (see 1047297gure to the

right)D Large stresses will occur at the bilge knuckle There

are two types of knuckles Welded knuckles are better

from a strength point of view but need suf1047297cient care

to maintain the required workmanship In the case of

round knuckles suf1047297cient structural strength is achieved

through the addition of reinforcing stiffeners

E End connecting parts of the side bulkheads are prone

to developing fatigue cracks due to the concentration

of stresses Special attention is necessary for the ballast

holds since larger loads will be generated when ballast

is loaded in the ballast holds

Various Ship Types

B

efore the 1047297rst oil shock as ship sizes increased a

large number of Ore Bulk Oil (OBO) carriers

capable of carrying not only coal and grain butalso iron ore and crude oil were built

After the oil shock crude oil trade volumes decreased

but volumes of iron ore coal and other dry bulk cargo in-

creased and combination carriers gradually became less

and less common Over this same period improvements

in ship design as well as the introduction of high ef1047297cien-

cy propellers made energy ef1047297cient large bulk and ironore carriers more popular As the variety of cargo types

increased and new trade routes developed the structural

con1047297gurations of bulk carriers became more diverse

Bulk carrier under construction



The key characteristics of each bulk carrier type are shown below

Ore Carriers

bull Due to the high speci1047297c gravity of

the cargo cargo holds are relatively

small and the side tanks are large

bull During the 1970s there were many

combination carriers with side tanks

used as oil tanks but such ships are

seldom seen nowadays

Wooden Chip Carriers

bull Due to the low speci1047297c gravity ofthe cargo cargo holds are deep and

topside tanks are eliminated in or-

der to increase hold volume

bull Care is necessary for the reinforce-

ment of the underside of the upper

deck since deck cranes and belt

conveyors are generally 1047297tted on

deck

bull Lower ballast tanks are prone to

corrosion due to the relatively high-

er temperature of the chip cargo

bull This type of carrier was once con-

sidered to be less versatile but its

use has expanded to include carry-

ing cargos such as soybean meal

Double Side shell Bulk Carriers

bull Due to double side con1047297gura-tion frames inside the hull can be

eliminated This allows the strength

members to be protected from the

corrosive environment of the hold

while also improving cargo han-

dling ef1047297ciency

bull Just as with single sided bulk carri-

ers double hull bulk carriers need

to comply with the common struc-

tural rules

Note) In 2002 requirements for dou-

ble hull bulk carriers were adopted

as mandatory at IMO but in 2004

prior to the rule coming into effect

the rule was changed and became

non-mandatory

Open Hatch Bulk Carriers

bull Wide hatch openings improve cargo

handling ef1047297ciency

bull Possible to load super large size car-

goes

bull Cargoes other than bulk cargo such

as pulp products steel coils and

containers can be carried

Currently bulk carriers are commonly divided into

several standard categories each with their own

popular trade names

bull Handysize Bulk carriers with a deadweight range of

10000 to 50000 tons belong to this catego-

ry The shiprsquos shallow draft allows it to enter

into various ports around the world Smaller

sized vessels below 30000 deadweight tons

are called small handies while vessels of

40000 to 60000 deadweight tons are called

handymaxes

bull Lakesizes Also called Lakers Handysize bulkers with

a deadweight ranging from 20000 to 27000

tons the largest type of bulk carrier that canpass through the St Lawrence Seaway which

calls for a draught of less than 7925 metres

bull Panamax The largest bulk carriers (breadth of about

322 metres) that can pass through the Pan-

ama Canal With a deadweight of around

80000 tons

bull Over-Panamax Bulkers which are wider than Panamaxes

with a deadweight between 80000 and

120000 tons Bulkers with dimensions suit-

able for transiting the new locks of the ex-

panded Panama Canal expansion scheduled

for completion in 2015 are called Post-Pan-

amaxes

bull Capesize Ships with a deadweight of more than

100000 tons and capable of entering the

port at Richards Bay South Africa

bull Dunkerquemax Largest bulk carrier that can enter the port

at Dunkerque France with a deadweight of

about 170000 tonnes

There are other speci1047297c trade names given to some bulker

types that have have been designed and optimized to serve a

speci1047297c port



Tightening Rule Requirements

Revision to Rules for Bulk Carrier Safety

Bulk Carrier Safety

Towards the end of the 1980s a number of bulk

carriers sank in a series of highly publicized mari-

time incidents In response to these incidents the

IMO adopted a set of amendments called the Enhanced

Survey Programme to the SOLAS Convention in order to

enhance bulk carrier inspection

After the ESP came into force in January 1996 however

the number of accidents did not decrease This led to the

adoption of additional amendments to the SOLAS Con-

vention and the introduction of further safety measures

The new amendments form Chapter XII of the SOLAS

Convention and include new standards for 1047298ooding dam-

age stability and other requirements

In 1998 a new study seeking ways to further improve bulk

carrier safety was initiated under the auspices of the IMO

The study was inspired by the accident report from the

1980 sinking of the bulk carrier Derbyshire and utilized aholistic safety assessment method called the Formal Safety

Assessment (FSA) ClassNK contributed to the study as a

member of the Japanese Government team As a result of

the study after six years of deliberations new amendments

to SOLAS and the Load Line Conventions were adopted

in December 2004 IACS adopted its own additional safety

measures as well

The rules revisions from 1998 onwards are collectively

referred to as Bulk Carrier Safety requirements which re-

sulted in the application of the following safety measures

for bulk carriers

Requirements concerning spare

buoyancy and the strengthening

of hatch covers were implement-

ed as measures against 1047298ooding

of the forward part of the deck

which was thought to be the fun-

damental cause of the sinking

of the Derbyshire Further re-

quirements for the provision of a

1047298ooding warning system (forwardarea and cargo hold) and draining

system were adopted to facilitate

early discovery and action against

1047298ooding

Requirements for a forecastle were implemented in order

to meet the required buoyancy standards during navigation

in heavy weather when the forward part of the ship would

be submerged by waves It was also decided that the 1047297ttings

at the front of the ship should be strengthened to better re-

sist the force of waves and prevent damage to the air pipes

and any 1047298ooding that could result from such damage

Many bulk carriers were believed to have sunk due

to corrosion on the frames inside the holds It

was therefore decided that a permanent means

of access should be provided for spaces that were hard to

access and dif1047297cult to inspect and maintain For existing

ships a review of the strength of hold frames was made

to establish new standard strength criteria and standard

renewal criteria While further safety improvements based

on a double side con1047297guration meant to eliminate hold

frames and free strength members from corrosive environ-

ments were also agreed upon but in the end those mea-sures did not become mandatory

In order to ensure the safety of the crew in the event of an

accident in low temperature water requirements for free-

fall lifeboats and immersion suits for the full shiprsquos comple-

ment were also implemented


Free-fall lifeboats

Immersion suits

Means of access

Double side skinHarmonized notations ampdesign loading conditions

Water level detectors amp pumping arrangements

Bow height amp reserve buoyancyforecastle

Hatch covers and securing mechanisms

Water level detectors

Fore deck fittings



Common Structural Rules (CSR)

Around the year 2000 while bulk carrier safety dis-

cussions were still ongoing IACS began studying

ways to improve the safety of tanker hull struc-

tures in response to a number of accidents involving oil

tankers At this point investigations into bulk carrier safety

were already well underway and IACS moved to include oil

tankers in its efforts as well In 2003 as the investigations

into bulk carrier safety were coming to a close IACS decid-

ed to proceed with the development of common structural

rules (CSR) for both bulk carriers and oil tankers In so

doing the individual structural rules of each classi1047297cation

society were to be uni1047297ed with the hope of developing a

more rigorous and transparent set of rules

After several years of study and discussions with various

parts of the maritime industry IACS adopted the CSR in

December 2005 for application to new ships contracted af-

ter 1 April 2006

Prior to IACSrsquos descision to develop the CSR ClassNK

was already engaged in its own Rule C100 Project (see page

11 for details) which aimed to develop more rational and

transparent rules for hull structures ClassNK had already

developed advanced structural rules and hull structural

strength assessment methods as part of this project and

consequently ClassNK assumed a leading role in the de-

velopment of the CSR



The Rule C100 Project sought

answers as to what the most rationalrules for hulls structures should be

and the project aimed to adapt these

answers to all major ship types such

as bulk carriers tankers and con-

tainer ships Determining the wave

loads would be the main prerequisite

to achieve this but it was clear that

it was going to take an incredible

amount of effort and fortitude to

change the wave load parameters that

has been in use until then

Before work began on the Rule

C100 project the ClassNK

rules had been based on re-

search and analysis that re1047298ected the

vast array of survey experience com-

piled by the Society While such rules

were well balanced there was no clear

correspondence between the rules andcertain scienti1047297c concepts and techni-

cal values Despite the magnitude of

the task ahead of them the research-

ers proceeded to establish a higher

dards for the next 100 years as well

Before commencing work

on the Rule C100 Proj-

ect research staff from the

ClassNK Research Institute and the

Development Department began tack-

ling questions such as ldquohow do waves

actually behaverdquo and ldquohow should a

hull structure performrdquo One of the

key factors when developing rules

for hull structures is determining the

wave loads that the ship is expected to

endure and the required dimensions

for hull structures largely depend on

this data It was further decided that

a ships hull should be able to survive

major accidents such as deformation

from unexpectedly large waves and

that a ship should not sink even if

it were to run aground However ifrobustness were the only important

factor the research teams would be

designing something more akin to a

warship than a merchant vessel

The Rule C100 project wasbegun in 1997 with an eye

towards commemorating the

Societyrsquos 100th anniversary in 1999

The project involved participants

from throughout ClassNKrsquos many

departments including staff from the

Development Department Research

Institute Hull Department and Tech-

nical Investigation and Information

Department among others The proj-

ect drew on the combined knowledge

and experience of the entire ClassNK

staff

The purpose of the Rule C100

Project was to completely review

ClassNKrsquos hull structure standards

and contribute to ship safety by de-

veloping a new set of advanced rules

for hull structures The letter ldquoCrdquo was

used because the rules related to hull

structures come under part ldquoCrdquo ofthe ClassNK Rules and the number

ldquo100rdquo stood for the 100 years since

ClassNKrsquos establishment and also

as a challenge to create a set of stan-

When ClassNK commenced work on its Rule C100 Project some

ten years ago it was the largest research and development proj-

ect ever undertaken by the Society This advanced structuralrule development project not only greatly improved ClassNKrsquos

technical capabilities and expertise but also greatly contribut-

ed to the development of the IACS Common Structural Rules

Focus

Rule C100

Technical Challengesand Daring Innovation

Changing the Wave Loads

How Should a HullStructure Perform

Starting From Scratch



standard for wave loads

The researchers decided the waveloads for the new rules would be based

on a ship sailing in the North Atlantic

Ocean for 25 years The North Atlan-

tic is well known for boasting some

of the severest natural environmental

conditions to be found in the mari-

time world Specifying the naviga-

tion area as the North Atlantic meant

that researchers had to consider that

waves could come from all directions

and with a wildly changing variety of

lengths and heights Additionally ac-

tual waves are not simple structures

but rather combinations of different

waves with different force compo-

nents A vast amount of calculation

would be necessary in order to faith-

fully represent real world conditions

While proceeding with the vast

calculation work ClassNK

began determining the ef-

fects of wave loads by focusing on the

waves which could severely affect hull

structures The research was an in-credibly rich and dense kind of analy-

sis compiling results from 3-dimen-

sional whole ship structural analysis

long-term stress prediction methods

using statistical analysis for long-

term wave data newly developed ra-

tionalised fatigue strength assessment

methods buckling strength assess-

ment methods and longitudinal ulti-

mate strength analysis methods amid

a wide variety of tests and assess-

ments Furthermore for certain hull

structural members rationalised cor-

rosion margin thickness assessments

derived from the statistical analysis

of plate thickness measurement data

were also included

In the case of fatigue strength it

had been acknowledged that existing

assessment methods could not ad-equately explain the nature of fatigue

damage on actual ships With the

conventional fatigue strength assess-

ment method for welded parts for ex-

ample the effect of structural average

stress would be considered negligible

because of the initial residual stress

but in cases of actual fatigue damage

such effects are anything but negli-

gible This pushed the researchers at

ClassNK to develop a new practical

assessment method The incredibleamount of data that ClassNK had in

its possession greatly contributed to

this development

One of the weaknesses commonly at-

tributed to bulk carriers derives from

the diminution of the hold frames

due to corrosion ClassNK surveyors

have traditionally paid close attention

to the condition of the hold frames

and carried out rigorous inspections

As part of the new Rule C100 project

however a new corrosion model had

to be developed This system would

utilize data taken from actual corrod-

ed samples and would apply statisti-

cal analysis as well as an examination

into how corrosion develops This

research led to the development of a

new rational method for determining

corrosion levels

T

he results of all these efforts be-

came the ldquoTechnical Guidance

on Hull Structural Strength

Assessmentrdquo published by ClassNK

in 1999 The guidance details ap-

proaches to hull structural strength

assessment based on 1047297rst principles

Based on this technical guidance

practical design standards were con-

secutively published starting with the

Guidelines for Tanker Structures in

2001 followed by Guidelines for bulk

carriers in 2002 and container carri-

ers in 2003

The standards and guidelines de-

veloped as a result of the Rule C100project not only greatly contributed to

ClassNK rules but would also serve

as a foundation for the development

of the IACS CSR

A Technical GuidanceBecomes a Design Standard

An Abundance of Datafrom Actual Ships



Opened in Chiba in March 1993 the ClassNK Research Center combines the research capa-

bilities of the ClassNKs Research Institute formerly based in Mitaka and the computer facilties

from the ClassNK Administration Center in Tokyo into a single state-of-the-art research facility

The ClassNK Research Cen-

ter is equipped with the most

advanced testing facilities

available and its testing laboratory

includes structural testing equipment

electronic microscopes with scanning

capabilities and equipment for oil

analysis among a wide variety of oth-

er testing equipment

The Research Center undertakes a

wide range of the testing activities

that are expected of an international

classi1047297cation society such as large

scale structural analyses research and

development for rules and regulations

in new 1047297elds and analytical stud-

ies of information from NK classed

ships thus playing a central role inthe technical and research activities

of ClassNK

The Research Center consists of the

General Affairs Division Develop-

ment Department Offshore Technol-

ogy Division Research Institute and

the Testing Machine Department

The General Affairs Division takes

care of matters related to human re-

sources general affairs welfare and

budget administration and account-

ing for both the Research Center and

the adjacent Information Center

The Development Department is in

charge of establishing the technical

rules which classi1047297cation surveys etc

are based upon as well as managing

research and development plans The

departments work encompasses the

entire rule making process from de-

vising and compiling of the rules to

their revision and abolishment TheDevelopment Department is made

up of 1047297ve different sections Three of

these sections are rules related sec-

tions and respectively cover the rules

for the hull rules for machinery and

rules for equipment and materials

The remaining two sections are the

Technical Analysis section and Tech-

nical Systems section which jointly

develop waveload analysis and hull

structure analysis systems These sec-

tions utilize these systems as well as a

number of widely available computer

programs to carry out technical cal-

culations

The Offshore Technology Division

engages in the research and study of

new technologies and standards for

offshore development and increased

utilization of the entire ocean

The Research Institute is comprised

of four separate research divisions -the hull related research division the

machinery related research division

the materials and equipment related

research division and the rule related

Report

The ClassNK Research Center



research division and their activities

cover a wide range of studies in the

1047297elds of hull structural strength ship

performance out1047297tting and equip-

ment systems to ensure reliability

of the ships and future technology

development among others The Re-

search Institute also coordinates re-

search projects being conducted at

the request of outside bodies

The Testing Machine Department

administers the technical matters

related to the calibration of power

meters used for inspections of single

shaft test facilities value settings of

test pieces used for Charpy impact

test machines and hardness testers

accuracy management for the variousstandard meters used for such testing

and the inspection of testing facilities

for materials for marine and indus-

trial use

The ClassNK Research Insti-

tute has developed a simulation

method capable of realistically

reproducing actual pitting cor-

rosion Research on the con1047297gurationof actual steel members with pitting

corrosion has been carried out and the

simulation method has been con1047297rmed

to effectively produce accurate simula-

tions of pitting corrosion

This simulation method is expandable

and can be used to develop models for

the generation and growth of pitting

corrosion where the time of pit corro-

sion generation and the growth process

of pitting corrosion will depend on the

introduction of probability models Ba-

sically when pitting corrosion grows it

exhibits a conical shape with an average

diameter-depth ratio of 81 This is due

to the fact that as the pitting corrosion

grows peripheral areas of the pit will

smoothen and the rate of corrosion in

terms of depth will diminish and this

slowing eventually reaches a constantstate of slow corrosion This slowing

phenomenon is an important part of the

simulation model

By conducting strength assessments of

the steel members in the states of cor-

rosion reproduced by this simulation

method it is possible to further study the

relationship between the state of corro-

sion and member strength Furthermore

it was discovered that a dimensional ef-

fect of pitting corrosion on steel mem-

bers is evident when the dimensions are

small but when the dimensions become

relatively large (500mm times 500mm) such

effects become negligible

Pitting Corrosion Simulation



AT

he results of the assessment are provided by as-

signing an accurate rating for each survey item

The de1047297nition of each rating is shown below

(1) CAP-HULL RATING

(a) Rating Level l ldquoVery Good Conditionrdquo

Compared to either the condition at the start of ser-

vice or the scantling dimensions required by the current

rules in force only super1047297cial deterioration was found

on the item during inspection andor measurement

There is no need for maintenance or repair

(b) Rating Level 2 ldquoGood Conditionrdquo

Minor defects which do not require corrections or re-

pairs were found on items during inspection andor all

plate thickness measurements show substantial margins

over the maximum permissible diminution standard

speci1047297ed by class requirements

(c) Rating Level 3 ldquoSatisfactory Conditionrdquo

Defects which do not require urgent corrections or re-

pairs were found or while a fair amount of corrosion

was found the plate thickness is above the maximum

permissible diminution standard speci1047297ed by class re-

quirements

(d) Rating Level 4 ldquoUnsatisfactory Conditionrdquo

One or more defects that prevent the ship from meeting

class requirements were found on items during inspec-

tion and measurement or plate thickness in a number

of areas does not conform to the maximum permissible

diminution standard speci1047297ed by class requirements

Rule

Ship Condition Assessment

As long as ships are operated properly and

the actual state of a shiprsquos structures and

equipment are monitored and inspections

and maintenance are carried out in a time-

ly manner ships can be kept in good con-

dition and continue to operate safely

Ships undergo periodical inspections in order to

con1047297rm their compliance with the technical rules and

regulations laid out by international conventions and

classi1047297cation societies However these inspections are

only meant to ensure that the ship satis1047297es certain

standards of soundness and comply to rule require-

ments Detailed assessment of the shiprsquos condition are

normally not made during such inspections

However such detailed inspections are necessary for

shipowners to effectively maintain ships throughout

their service lives

ClassNKrsquos Condition Assessment Program (CAP)

is a specially developed inspection program that pro-

vides shipowners with information on the condition

of their ship via hull structural strength assessments

fatigue assessments and the results from detailed in-

spections of the hull machinery deck machinery car-

go handling gear etc Undergoing a CAP inspection

provides shipowners the data and tools to develop a

thorough understanding of their shiprsquos condition

CAP consists of two different condition assessment

surveys At the discretion of the owner these two sur-

veys can be conducted independently or in tandem

(1) CAP-HULL

(Condition Assessment for Hull Structures)

(2) CAP-MACHINERY CARGO SYSTEM (Condition Assessment for Machinery and Cargo

Systems)



(2) CAP-MACHINERY CARGO SYSTEM RATING

(a) Rating Grade 1 ldquoVery Good Conditionrdquo

No performance affecting defects were found dur-

ing the inspections or effectiveness tests of the items

or systems Upkeep records and maintenance practices

are considered to be good There is no need for main-

tenance or repair

(b) Rating Grade 2 ldquoGood Conditionrdquo

Several minor non-performance affecting defects

were found during the inspections or effectiveness tests

of the items or systems Upkeep records and mainte-

nance practices are considered to be adequate There is

no urgent need for maintenance or repair

(c) Rating Grade 3 ldquoSatisfactory Conditionrdquo

Defects were found during the inspections or effec-

tiveness tests of the items or systems but they do not

greatly affect performance Upkeep records and main-

tenance practices meet minimum requirements Some

maintenance work or repairs are necessary

(d) Rate Grade 4 ldquoUnsatisfactory Conditionrdquo

Defects which greatly affect performance were found

during the inspections or effectiveness tests of the items

or system Upkeep records and maintenance practices

are considered to be unsatisfactory

Programme (CAP)

The following detailed assessment results

and related records will accompany theCAP Certi1047297cate

(1) CAP-HULL

(a) Overall Assessment and Assessment of

Hull Strength Study for each structural part

(b) Inspection Report

(c) Fatigue Strength Study Report

(d) Corrosion Protection Assessment

(e) Photographic Report

(f) Plate Thickness Measurement Records

(2) CAP-MACHINERYCARGO SYSTEM

(a) CAP-MACHINERYCARGO

SYSTEM Assessment for each item


(c) Photographic Report

The Condition Assessment Programme (CAP)

service provided by ClassNK meets the approvalof RightShip (ship vetting company)

When the CAP survey is completed a

CAP Certi1047297cate will be issued showing

the overall rating of the ship (Overall

Rating for CAP-HULL andor CAP-

MACHINERYCARGO SYSTEM)W



Sample of input screens and calculation screens

Watch

ClassNKs Rule C100 projectplayed an essential part intheir development

New CSR bring changes to ship structural standards

I

ACS made the decision to develop the CSR for bulk

carriers and oil tankers in 2003 Prior to this each

of the IACS member societies had been working in-dependently to improve the safety of ship hull structures

The move to work collectively to improve ship safety was

due in part to the oil spills caused by consecutive tanker

accidents and the sinking of several aging bulk carriers

These accidents drew the attention of the public and the

IMO moved to address these issues The IMO began by

requiring tankers to have double-hulls and enforcing more

stringent inspections of bulk carriers as well as introducing

higher structural strength requirements to address 1047298ooding

accidents Despite these efforts a number of accidents still

occurred Foremost among these were accidents involving

the tankers Erika which sank off the French coast in De-

cember 1999 and Prestige which sank in November 2002

These accidents highlighted the need to improve ship safe-

ty as soon as possible and IACS set out to develop the

CSR in light of these circumstances ClassNK had already

begun working on its own improvements to ship hull safety

when it began work on its Rule C100 project in 1998 It was

only natural then that ClassNK would play a central role

within IACS in the development of the CSR

Prior to the development of the CSR by IACS

various rule-making efforts were underway at a

number of class societies Among IACS mem-

bers Lloyds Register (LR) American Bureau of Shipping

(ABS) and Det Norske Veritas (DNV) jointly started a

program to develop common rules for oil tankers in July

2002 This project was called the LAN project the three

letters being taken from the names of the three societies

On the other side of the world ClassNK China Classi1047297ca-

tion Society (CCS) and the Korean Register of Shipping

(KR) joined together to form the A3 project in September

2002 The A3 project aimed to develop a common set of

guidelines for structural strength based on the results of

the Rule C100 project

Background to the CSR

The CSR - an undertaking ofunprecedented magnitude



Scantling definition at forward sectionScantling definition for transverse bulkhead

One development that has certainly drawn the attention of the shipping and shipbuilding industriesover the past few years has been the introduction of the IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR) The

CSR represent IACSs greatest undertaking since its founding The CSR are a dramatic achievement

not only in the way they are affecting ship structure and design but in the sense that for the first time

standards have been unified among the class societies Thanks to research and development on Rule

C100 ClassNK was able to play a central role in the development and implementation of the IACS CSR

In Europe public scrutiny of the IMO greatly intensi1047297ed

after the sinking of the Erika and the Prestige The IMO re-

sponded by establishing Goal-Based Standards which are

standards intended to achieve certain goals rather than just

establish certain baselines for safety IACS in turn commit-ted itself to developing the CSR in June 2003 for bulk carri-

ers and oil tankers The CSR represent a single set of rules

covering all aspects of hull structures to be shared among

all of the IACS member societies This was an undertaking

of unprecedented magnitude and certainly one of the larg-

est developments since the founding of IACS

As the development of a set of common rules for

oil tankers was already being undertaken by the

LAN project participants IACS arranged for de-

velopment to continue under a new name the Joint Tanker

Project (JTP) At the same time the A3 project members

joined together with the UNITAS project formed by Bu-

reau Veritas (BV) Registro Italiano Navale (RINA) and

Germanischer Lloyd (GL) to proceed with the develop-

ment of CSR for bulk carriers as part of the Joint Bulker

Project (JBP) in October 2003

ClassNK took a leadership role in the JBP by using the

knowledge gained from ClassNKs Rule C100 project Theresults from the Rule C100 project became a cornerstone

of the CSR for bulk carriers especially with regards to cor-

rosion margins design loads and fatigue strength assess-

ment ClassNKs position as chair of the IACS Hull Panel

helped to further ensure the successful development of the

new CSR

As a result of IACSrsquo energetic approach to common rule

development the CSR for bulk carriers and oil tankers were

adopted unanimously by the IACS Council in December

2005 At that time the two sets of CSR were harmonized

with regards to corrosion margins and ultimate strength in

longitudinal bending but the rules could not be completely

harmonized in other areas such as design loads and fatigue

strength IACS however has made harmonization of the

two sets of rules one of its long term goals and ClassNK is

once again taking a leadership role in this process

ClassNKLeadership and Contribution



Sample of PrimeShip-HULL (CSR) input screens Output screen of calculation results (Displacement)

CSR Related Services

Vast amount of research data leads to

release of CSR compatible software

To obtain the software contact ClassNK Hull Department

Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019

E-mail hldclassnkorjp

For further details on the software contact ClassNK Development Department

Telephone +81-(0)43-294-4970 (dedicated line for PrimeShip-HULL)

Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924

E-mail primeship-hullclassnkorjp

In December 2005 concurrent with the adoption of

the CSR by IACS ClassNK released new rule cal-

culation software allowing for direct strength calcu-

lations using 1047297nite element method (FEM) analysis com-

patible with the new bulk carrier CSR Direct calculation

software for the tanker CSR was released to the public in

June 2006 The software has since been further enhanced

in response to client feedback received since the CSR were

implemented in April 2006 The latest version of the calcu-lation software PrimeShip-HULL (CSR) was released in

September 2007 and not only combines the software for

both the tanker CSR and bulk carrier CSR into a single

software package but also includes a number of improve-

ments to overall usability

PrimeShip-HULL(CSR) consists of two systems the

Rule Calculation System and the Direct Calculation Sys-

tem With the Rule Calculation System users can input hull

cross-section information in to the system and hull cross-

section calculations longitudinal strength calculations

local strength assessments fatigue strength assessments

and buckling strength assessments can be carried out to

obtain data necessary for complying with the CSR The

Direct Calculation System is a tool used to directly carry

out structural analysis via 1047297nite element analysis (FEA)

and strength assessment Assessments of hull structural

strength can be achieved by ensuring that the results from

direct calculations are in line with the CSR requirements

A dedicated web-based support service is also availablefor users of the PrimeShip-HULL(CSR) software system

Service

Based on vast amounts of data accumulated

through research and survey work ClassNK

has developed and released a new software

system PrimeShip-HULL (CSR) for use with

the IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR)



On 1 March 2008 Noboru Ueda

became the new Chairman

and President of ClassNK

During a press conference held on

6 March he explained his intention

to expand ClassNKrsquos overseas service

network noting in particular his plans

to increase the number of surveyors

and of1047297ces in China He further stated

his intention to strengthen the pres-

ence of ClassNK as the worlds top

classi1047297cation society and to intensify

the Societyrsquos international efforts in-

cluding its activities at IACS and the

IMO ClassNK already works closely

with the China Classi1047297cation Society

(CCS) and Korean Register of Ship-

ping (KR) but Chairman and Presi-

dent Ueda also indicated future plans

Mr Ueda becomes the new Chairman and President of ClassNK

Topics

New Chairman and President Ueda (center) at a press conference on May 6

SEA JAPAN 2008

Notable events in 2008

bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi

bull CMA ShippingStamford

bull Asia Paci1047297c MaritimeSingaporebull SEA JAPANTokyo

bull ShiptekKochi

bull PosidoniaAthens

bull Asia Maritime and LogisticsKuala Lumpur

bull China (Nangton) International Ship Industry ExpoNantong

bull SMMHamburg

bull Shiport ChinaDalian

bull Seatrade Middle East MaritimeDubai

to more actively exchange views and

work with other classi1047297cation societ-

ies such as those in India Vietnam

Indonesia and Russia in order to

promote stronger ties within the

Asian maritime community

ClassNK participates in numer-

ous international maritime

events each year In 2008 the

Society participated in the following

exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu

SingaporeBatam Johor Bahru

Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin

World Classwwwclassnkorjp

Plan Approval Center

21 Bulk Carrier

B y the end of August 2008 the ClassNK service network had grown to a total of 104

exclusive service sites This includes 21 service sites in Japan and a total of 83 service

sites in key locations around the world with Kochi in India Tianjin and Zhoushan in

China and Mokpo in Korea being the latest additions In addition to this service network

ClassNK also maintains a total of 21 international committees so that the Society can

exchange information and ideas with maritime leaders throughout the world The Society

established its newest committee the Middle-East Technical Committee at the end of 2007In order to provide better local service customer oriented service ClassNK established

three new plan approval centers in Istanbul Mumbai and Busan in 2008 These centers

join the Societyrsquos existing plan approval centers in Tokyo Singapore and Shanghai allow-

ing plan approvals to be conducted quickly and effectively around the globe

104 Locations NK Now



Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk

Rio de JaneiroSantos

New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22

A t the end of November 2008 ClassNK had 7017 ships on its register total-

ing some 160522744 gross tons ClassNK is the 1047297rst classi1047297cation society

in the world to surpass the 160 million gross ton mark for tonnage registered un-

der class and ClassNK remains the worldrsquos largest classi1047297cation society in terms

of gross tons On a tonnage basis more than 20 of the worldrsquos 1047298eet is registered

with ClassNK 549 newbuildings totaling 14420125 gross tons were registered

to ClassNK in 2007 surpassing the previous record set in 2006 by more than120000 gross tons When combined with other ships newly registered during the

year a record 584 ships totaling 14978670 gross tons were added to the ClassNK

register in 2007 Due to the large number of newbuildings registered the ClassNK

1047298eet continues to be comparatively young with an average age of 111 years

B ulk carriers account for more than

half of the ClassNK 1047298eet represent-

ing 51 of the register in terms of gross

tons ClassNK also classes the worldrsquos

largest share of bulk carriers - roughly

one-third of the worldrsquos bulk carriers

under class are registered with ClassNKBulk carriers of all sizes are registered

with ClassNK with nearly 75 all post-

Panamaxes and nearly half of all VLOCs

registered with the Society

51 160 Milliongross tons



4-7 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8567 JAPANTel +81-3-3230-1201 Fax +81-3-5226-2012URL wwwclassnkorjp



The Role of the Surveyor The scope and extent of ClassNK survey and inspection services is increasing Not only are more

ships being built but shipyards are coming to rely more and more on the high quality servicesoffered by ClassNK It is not uncommon to hear shipyard executives say things like We want

ClassNK to look after each and every ship we build in our yardrdquo and ClassNK surveyors give us

01 FeatureThe Role of the Surveyor in Building Better Ships

06 History and StructureProgress of Bulk Carriers

11 FocusRule C100

Technical Challenges and Daring Innovation

13 ReportThe ClassNK Research Center

Column - Pitting Corrosion

15 RuleShip Condition Assessment Program (CAP)

17 WatchCSR-bring changes to ship structural standards

ClassNKs Rule C100 project played an essential

part in their development

19 ServiceCSR Related Services

20 Topics

21 World Class amp NK Now

CONTENTS




Feature












































Feature
















































Feature







































around 1960



shipyards






Rational Structure























Coal(self-heating)

Moisture

Condensation

Reacts with sulfur

in coal

Formation of acids

S i d e s h e l l

Sea water

(cool)















is important from a


Once cracks develop

























Various Ship Types

B
















Ore Carriers
















deck


















tural rules






non-mandatory





goes






popular trade names








handymaxes








80000 tons







amaxes






about 170000 tonnes



speci1047297c port





Bulk Carrier Safety























measures as well




for bulk carriers













1047298ooding
























Free-fall lifeboats

Immersion suits

Means of access






Fore deck fittings




















ter 1 April 2006





































































staff

















Focus

Rule C100















































were also included
















this development

















corrosion levels

T














ers in 2003





of the IACS CSR


























of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22




























Feature












































Feature
















































Feature







































around 1960



shipyards






Rational Structure























Coal(self-heating)

Moisture

Condensation

Reacts with sulfur

in coal

Formation of acids

S i d e s h e l l

Sea water

(cool)















is important from a


Once cracks develop

























Various Ship Types

B
















Ore Carriers
















deck


















tural rules






non-mandatory





goes






popular trade names








handymaxes








80000 tons







amaxes






about 170000 tonnes



speci1047297c port





Bulk Carrier Safety























measures as well




for bulk carriers













1047298ooding
























Free-fall lifeboats

Immersion suits

Means of access






Fore deck fittings




















ter 1 April 2006





































































staff

















Focus

Rule C100















































were also included
















this development

















corrosion levels

T














ers in 2003





of the IACS CSR


























of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22

































































Feature
















































Feature







































around 1960



shipyards






Rational Structure























Coal(self-heating)

Moisture

Condensation

Reacts with sulfur

in coal

Formation of acids

S i d e s h e l l

Sea water

(cool)















is important from a


Once cracks develop

























Various Ship Types

B
















Ore Carriers
















deck


















tural rules






non-mandatory





goes






popular trade names








handymaxes








80000 tons







amaxes






about 170000 tonnes



speci1047297c port





Bulk Carrier Safety























measures as well




for bulk carriers













1047298ooding
























Free-fall lifeboats

Immersion suits

Means of access






Fore deck fittings




















ter 1 April 2006





































































staff

















Focus

Rule C100















































were also included
















this development

















corrosion levels

T














ers in 2003





of the IACS CSR


























of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22































































Feature
















































Feature







































around 1960



shipyards






Rational Structure























Coal(self-heating)

Moisture

Condensation

Reacts with sulfur

in coal

Formation of acids

S i d e s h e l l

Sea water

(cool)















is important from a


Once cracks develop

























Various Ship Types

B
















Ore Carriers
















deck


















tural rules






non-mandatory





goes






popular trade names








handymaxes








80000 tons







amaxes






about 170000 tonnes



speci1047297c port





Bulk Carrier Safety























measures as well




for bulk carriers













1047298ooding
























Free-fall lifeboats

Immersion suits

Means of access






Fore deck fittings




















ter 1 April 2006





































































staff

















Focus

Rule C100















































were also included
















this development

















corrosion levels

T














ers in 2003





of the IACS CSR


























of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22








































































Feature







































around 1960



shipyards






Rational Structure























Coal(self-heating)

Moisture

Condensation

Reacts with sulfur

in coal

Formation of acids

S i d e s h e l l

Sea water

(cool)















is important from a


Once cracks develop

























Various Ship Types

B
















Ore Carriers
















deck


















tural rules






non-mandatory





goes






popular trade names








handymaxes








80000 tons







amaxes






about 170000 tonnes



speci1047297c port





Bulk Carrier Safety























measures as well




for bulk carriers













1047298ooding
























Free-fall lifeboats

Immersion suits

Means of access






Fore deck fittings




















ter 1 April 2006





































































staff

















Focus

Rule C100















































were also included
















this development

















corrosion levels

T














ers in 2003





of the IACS CSR


























of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22































































around 1960



shipyards






Rational Structure























Coal(self-heating)

Moisture

Condensation

Reacts with sulfur

in coal

Formation of acids

S i d e s h e l l

Sea water

(cool)















is important from a


Once cracks develop

























Various Ship Types

B
















Ore Carriers
















deck


















tural rules






non-mandatory





goes






popular trade names








handymaxes








80000 tons







amaxes






about 170000 tonnes



speci1047297c port





Bulk Carrier Safety























measures as well




for bulk carriers













1047298ooding
























Free-fall lifeboats

Immersion suits

Means of access






Fore deck fittings




















ter 1 April 2006





































































staff

















Focus

Rule C100















































were also included
















this development

















corrosion levels

T














ers in 2003





of the IACS CSR


























of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22




























Coal(self-heating)

Moisture

Condensation

Reacts with sulfur

in coal

Formation of acids

S i d e s h e l l

Sea water

(cool)















is important from a


Once cracks develop

























Various Ship Types

B
















Ore Carriers
















deck


















tural rules






non-mandatory





goes






popular trade names








handymaxes








80000 tons







amaxes






about 170000 tonnes



speci1047297c port





Bulk Carrier Safety























measures as well




for bulk carriers













1047298ooding
























Free-fall lifeboats

Immersion suits

Means of access






Fore deck fittings




















ter 1 April 2006





































































staff

















Focus

Rule C100















































were also included
















this development

















corrosion levels

T














ers in 2003





of the IACS CSR


























of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22




























Ore Carriers
















deck


















tural rules






non-mandatory





goes






popular trade names








handymaxes








80000 tons







amaxes






about 170000 tonnes



speci1047297c port





Bulk Carrier Safety























measures as well




for bulk carriers













1047298ooding
























Free-fall lifeboats

Immersion suits

Means of access






Fore deck fittings




















ter 1 April 2006





































































staff

















Focus

Rule C100















































were also included
















this development

















corrosion levels

T














ers in 2003





of the IACS CSR


























of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22





























Bulk Carrier Safety























measures as well




for bulk carriers













1047298ooding
























Free-fall lifeboats

Immersion suits

Means of access






Fore deck fittings




















ter 1 April 2006





































































staff

















Focus

Rule C100















































were also included
















this development

















corrosion levels

T














ers in 2003





of the IACS CSR


























of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22












































ter 1 April 2006





































































staff

















Focus

Rule C100















































were also included
















this development

















corrosion levels

T














ers in 2003





of the IACS CSR


























of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22





















































































staff

















Focus

Rule C100















































were also included
















this development

















corrosion levels

T














ers in 2003





of the IACS CSR


























of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22



































































were also included
















this development

















corrosion levels

T














ers in 2003





of the IACS CSR


























of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22
















































of ClassNK


































culations











Report
























trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22















































trial use


























simulation model
















AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22



























AT




(1) CAP-HULL RATING


















quirements







Rule


















their service lives













(1) CAP-HULL



Systems)









tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22

































tenance or repair


















Programme (CAP)



(1) CAP-HULL























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22




























Watch



I









































































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22



























































new CSR



















Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22
































Telephone +81-(0)3-5226-20172018

Fax +81-(0)3-5226-2019




Fax +81-(0)43-294-6924





























Service




























Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22















































Topics


SEA JAPAN 2008


bull GASTECHBangkok

bull VietShipHanoi



bull ShiptekKochi




bull SMMHamburg













exhibitions



Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22



























Dubai

Kuwait

Alexandria

Jeddah

PiraeusCadiz

Marseille

Antwerp

Lisbon

as Palmas

Copenhagen

Hamburg

Genova

LondonMilford Haven

Amman

Beijing

Ulsan

Hong Kong

Guangzhou

Seoul

TaipeiDhaka

Manila

Haiphong

Bangkok Nha Trang

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Istanbul

Cape Town

Shanghai

Kaohsiung

Dalian

Qingdao

Visakhapatnam

Surabaya

Chennai(Madras)

Mumbai(Bombay)

Melbourne

Fremantle

Oslo

KojeBusan

BatangasCebu

Balikpapan

Miri Kota Kinabalu


Ho Chi Minh

Durban

Constantza

BarcelonaBilbao

Rotterdam

GdanskNewcastle

TokyoChiba

(Head Office)

Kochi

Zhoushan

Mokpo

Tianjin



21 Bulk Carrier














Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22



























Aucklanddney

Brisbane

Buenos Aires

Veracruz

Panama

Norfolk


New York

Montreal

New Orleans

Los Angeles

Houston

VancouverSeattle

Valparaiso

Guayaquil

Miami

Bulk Carrier 22




























Documents

Bulk Carrier Pamphlet