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Building a Smart, Clean, Green Building a Smart, Clean, Green Pittsburgh That WorksPittsburgh That Works
for the 21for the 21stst Century Century
Pittsburgh City Council HearingOn Stormwater
Date: July 13, 2010
Mr. Paul Schwartz
DC Green Building Advisory Council
National Policy CoordinatorClean Water Action/Clean Water Fund
Original Green InfrastructureOriginal Green Infrastructure
The Traditional Grey The Traditional Grey Infrastructure ParadigmInfrastructure Paradigm
The traditional model of centralized, big-pipe infrastructure relies on an industrial model of specialization and economies of scale
This approach is wasteful, environmentally disruptive, and ultimately not sustainable as populations increase and more and more land is developed over time
Climate change-related extremes will place even greater stresses
Pittsburgh’s Water Cycle Pittsburgh’s Water Cycle is Brokenis Broken
• Climate Change =
> Floods & Drought> Floods & Drought
• Old water pipes =
> SSOs and CSOs> SSOs and CSOs
• Lack of integrated plan for water/energy/climate =
>> $ Billions$ Billions wasted solving wrong problems
> H> H22O Quality & Quantity O Quality & Quantity Issues, Economic & Issues, Economic & Health LossesHealth Losses
Whitaker Run, August 1959
A Smart, Clean, Green Water A Smart, Clean, Green Water Infrastructure ParadigmInfrastructure Paradigm
• “Sustainable water systems in the future will use, treat, store, and reuse water efficiently at a small scale and will blend designs into restorative water hydrologies.”
-- Baltimore Charter for Sustainable Water Systems (2007)
The new paradigm that works The new paradigm that works with and mimics naturewith and mimics nature
Nature: Recycles everything Banks on diversity Rewards cooperation Creates beauty and
abundance and no waste Uses only the energy it
needs Rebuilds from
disturbances Can collapse from
extreme stress
Portland streetscape.Photo courtesy of Martina Keefe
The quintessential dual flush toilet – What’s in Your Tank?
American StandardAmerican Standard
• If given the choice would you flush your toilet with bottled water?
• So why is this our current standard?
• Why do we continue the pollute – dilute treadmill?
Co
pyr
igh
t E
d C
leri
co, 2
007
Distributed Urban Water Reuse Distributed Urban Water Reuse Battery Park City – New YorkBattery Park City – New York
The Solaire – Opened 2003The Solaire – Opened 2003 293 Residential Units293 Residential Units 25,000 GPD WW treatment plant25,000 GPD WW treatment plant
LEEDLEEDTMTM
Gold Certification Gold Certification
48% reduction in water use48% reduction in water use 56% reduction in wastewater 56% reduction in wastewater
dischargedischarge
30 systems predate The Solaire beginning in 1987 – up to 95% reuse in commercial applications
Integrated Water Resource Integrated Water Resource ManagementManagement
Potable Water
Wastewater
Transfer to treatment
Membrane Bio ReactorMembrane Bio ReactorUV/Ozone Disinfection
Reuse Water
Reservoir
Mem
bran
eB
ackw
ash
To Irrigation
Distributed Water Reuse System SchematicDistributed Water Reuse System Schematic
Aerobic Membrane Filters
Flush Water
Cooling Tower
Anoxic
Transfer to treatment
Stormwater Feed Tank
Wastewater Feed Tank
Laundry Water
Cooling Water
Coo
lin
gWastewater
Reu
se W
ater
Stormwater overflow
Highly variable
1a
1b
34
51 Wastewater and stormwater collected
2 Screening
Biological treatment
Final polishing and disinfection
Storage for nonpotable reuse 543
Discharge Sewers
Discharge Sewers
2
Sustainable Integrated Sustainable Integrated Infrastructure Neighborhood Infrastructure Neighborhood
DesignDesign•Plan water reuses and components at outset
• Integrate Landscape, MEP, Civil, Architectural, Water & Sanitary
•Incorporate into lowest value space inside or outside building
$-
$1,000,000
$2,000,000
$3,000,000
$4,000,000
$5,000,000
$6,000,000
$7,000,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Date
Annu
al O
pera
ting
Cost
s
Base NYC Cost With NoReuse
B- 25% reuse-25%incentive
500,000 GPD Water Reuse 500,000 GPD Water Reuse EconomicsEconomics
NYC rates increased 65% in four years and are projected to increase 15% per year for the next four years
Benefits of Distributed Water Benefits of Distributed Water ReuseReuse
Significant (50%-95%) reduction in demand on water, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure and resources
Lower capital and operating costs
Eliminate problems with long distribution and collection pipelines – No infiltration/exfiltration
Helps to mitigate Combined Sewer Overflow and Sanitary Sewer Overflow
Removes nutrients thereby providing better environmental protection
High Point, Seattle:High Point, Seattle:Neighborhood LevelNeighborhood Level
Hope VI Project: 120 acres of urban infill 1,600 housing units Neighborhood center, library &
mixed used Density ranges: 16 units/acre –
25 units/acre 65% reduction of stormwater into
Longfellow Creek Integrated natural drainage
system (NDS) distributed over 34 blocks
Each block uses site-specific drainage strategies
SourceSource:: USEPA Watershed Academy Webcast, Smart USEPA Watershed Academy Webcast, Smart Growth and Green Infrastructure (11/28/07)Growth and Green Infrastructure (11/28/07)
High Point, SeattleHigh Point, Seattle
Source: USEPA Watershed Academy Webcast, Smart Growth and Green Infrastructure (11/28/07)
Economic Benefits: Homeowner Economic Benefits: Homeowner SavingsSavings
o Reduced maintenance costs
o Increased property value
o Enhanced aesthetics
o Greater sense of community
o Lowered combined water bills
Health and Safety BenefitsHealth and Safety Benefits
Studies show green infrastructure:
Hastens surgery recovery, decreases sick rates, reduces stress
Enhances cognitive functioning: school performance, worker productivity, creativity
Open space, walkable neighborhoods encourage physical activity, increasing fitness and weight loss
Economic Benefits: Job CreationEconomic Benefits: Job Creation Creates new jobs for architects,
designers, researchers, engineers, construction workers, maintenance workers, landscapers, nurseries, etc.
Approximately 5 jobs would be created for every 100,0000 square feet of green roof installed in D.C.
1,700 jobs per year for ten years just to install green roofs in D.C.
TreePeople projects creation of 50,000 new jobs from LA’s citywide green infrastructure initiative
Water Resource Management as a Water Resource Management as a Component of Sustainability Planning Component of Sustainability Planning
and Implementationand Implementation
Ecology
Economy
Soci
al E
quity
Status Quo - meet regulation
Green – exceed regulation
Sustainable – address future needs
Regenerative – restore function
Water
Stuff
Food
Wastewater
Biosolids
Solid Waste
Segregated Systems Segregated Systems Approach Is Not SustainableApproach Is Not Sustainable
Communityhttp://www.storyofstuff.com/
Annie Leonard
Water
Stuff
Food
Wastewater
Biosolids
Solid Waste
Dysfunctional SegregatedSegregated Systems
Community
En
erg
y
Energy
Energy
En
erg
y
Linear Segmented Approach:
• Adds energy at each step
• Depletes resources on supply side
• Contaminates environment on disposal side
• Low efficiency high impact
Energy
Energy
Water
Stuff
Food
WasteW
BioSolids
Solid Waste
Functional Systems Integration Functional Systems Integration to Achieve Higher to Achieve Higher
Sustainability LevelsSustainability Levels
Community
En
erg
y
Energy
Energy
En
erg
yIntegrated Systems Approach – Reduce & Reuse: •Add less energy at each step and extract energy post consumer use
• Use less natural resources on production side
• Release less contaminants to environment on post consumer side
Energy
Nonpotable Water Reuse
Natural Resource Recycling
Nutrient Recycling
Energy
Water
Stuff
Food
WasteW
BioSolids
Solid Waste
Functional Systems Integration to Functional Systems Integration to Achieve Higher Sustainability Achieve Higher Sustainability
LevelsLevels
Community
En
erg
y
Energy
Energy
En
erg
y
Integrated Systems: • Combine food and green waste with wastewater
• Anaerobic treatment to extract energy
• Reuse water
• Capture heat energy in water
• Employ combined heat and power
Energy
Nonpotable Water Reuse
Natural Resource Recycling
Nutrient Recycling
Energy
Natural Resource Recycling
Nutrient Recycling
TheThe Need for Integrated ManagementNeed for Integrated Management
