BS THESES - University of the Philippines Los Baños THESES 00001 Abaño, A.A. 2001. Production and management of small trees and shrubs at Kalikasan Nursery, San Antonio, Quezon

BS THESES

00001 Abaño, A.A. 2001. Production and management of small trees and shrubs at Kalikasan Nursery, San

Antonio, Quezon. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 88 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

The major practice was conducted at Bonifacio Trees and Greens Corporation (BTGC)-owned

Kalikasan Nursery in Barangay Sinturisan, San Antonio, Quezon from December 2000 to February

2001, inclusive. Focus was given to the production and management operations of small trees and

shrubs in the nursery. Plants were mainly propagated by cuttings while some were propagated by

seeds. Fo cuttings, a 3:1 mixture of perlite and coir dust. For potting/repotting/bagging, 2 parts coir

dust and 1 part sand were used. Except tubing up, all operations were carried out daily. Media

preparation was done either manually or with th aid of a Bobcat. Established plants in the nursery

were fertilized every three months using slow-release fertilizer. Methods of application include basal

(for potting/repotting/bagging) and side dressing (for plant maintenance). Trees and shrubs plated in

25-200 liter bags were drip-irrigated while plants in the standout area and shade house were watered

by means of an overhead sprinkler. Cuttings were held under mist during the rooting phase. To

control the pests. plants were sprayed every two weeks. Weeding was performed either by hand, use

of scythe or by spraying with a herbicide whenever necessary. The same is true for pruning and

staking. Pruning was done using shears to rejuvenate the growth of plants while bamboo poles/sticks

were used for staking and support. Kalikasan nursery sells their products either directly or by orders.

Direct selling is used for walk-in clients and the rest send their orders through the main office in

Metro Manila Marketing strategies employed, the print media such as

brochures/pamphlets/newspaper, as well as participation in garden shows/exhibits and use of a

website.

00002 Agawin, C.C. 1994. Physico-chemical changes in waxed pineapple (Ananas comosus c.v. Queen). BS

Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 88 leaves. (unpublished)

The effects of waxing fresh pineapple fruits with different wax formulations under different

storage condition on fruit quality and extension of postharvest life were determined.

00003 Agillon, A.B. 1978. The effect of thiabendazole on the postharvest rotting of ginger (Zingiber officinale

Roscoe). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 42 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

Hawaiian' ginger rhizomes were dipped at different concentrations of thiabendazole (TBZ) from 0

to 2,000 pm before and after curing to determine when and how much of the flowable formulation

of `Tecto' to apply for decay and mold control of ginger and to find out what other effects is would

have on the rhizomes. Dipping the rhizomes in thiabendazole at 500 to 2,000 ppm before curing

significantly reduced percentage mold growth, weight loss and respiration rate. When used after

curing, only 2,000 ppm was effective. Better control of decay and weight loss were obtained when

TBZ was used before curing, resulting in slower respiration rate and better quality after three

months. Sugar, starch and crude fiber contents were unaffected by the treatment.

00004 Agravante, J.A. 1982. The browning disorder of rambutan II: relationship between moisture status

and browning. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 34 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

An experiment aimed to determine the relationship between moisture status and the degree of

browning in rambutan and to develop a technique to indirectly measure moisture loss of excised

tissues was conducted at the ASEAN-Postharvest Horticulture Training and Research Center, UPLB.

The results showed that moisture loss significantly increased with time but was deterred by exposure

to high relative humidity levels (89 percent and 97 percent). It was most rapid in the spinterns where

browning was observed to develop with time and increase in intensity at low relative humidities.

moisture content of the spinterns significantly affects browning. However, a linear relationship

between these two were found to be weak indicating that browning of the spinterns is not only due

to transpiration. Application of PROLONG wax did not prevent moisture loss but instead hastened

browning of excised rambutan spinterns.

00005 Adlus, S.T.T. 2005. Modified atmosphere packaging in zeolite film of ‘carabao’ mango (Mangifera

indica L.) fruits at advance stage of ripeness. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,

College, Laguna. 89 leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of packing mangoes at advanced stage of

ripeness (more green than yellow peel color) in zeolite-coated film during storage at 5°, 10°, 13°, 25°C

and ambient temperature for varying periods. Carbon dioxide levels increased to 1.8-3.9% while

oxygen levels decreased to non-detectable levels that led to the development of fermented odor and

internal breakdown particularly when held at 13°, 25° and ambient temperature. Ethylene levels

were maintained at 0.01-0.03 ppm inside the films. Ripening of fruits upon removal from the

modified atmosphere (MA) packs proceeded normally. Mangoes from MA packs held at 5° developed

slight chilling injury and had pale peel and pulp color at the ripe stage. Moreover, fruits were

perceived to be more sour and had reduced intensity of the characteristic mango flavour and aroma.

The total soluble solids, titratable acidity and firmness of mangoes at the ripe stage were not

influenced by the treatments. Modified atmosphere packaging in zeolite coated film extended the

storage life of mangoes up to 14 days when held at 5° and 10°C. This resulted in reduced weight loss,

delayed peel color change and prevented shrivelling. The control fruits stored at high temperatures

ripened within 7 to 10 days while those kept at 5° and 10°C had chilling injury.

00006 Alcantara, E.F. 1984. Developmental stages during growth and maturation of `Pico' mango. BS Thesis,

University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 35 leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

Physical as well as chemical changes that occur during growth and maturation of `Pico' mango

fruits were determined. Analysis was done from 30 days after fruit set to 81 days after 120 days after

flower induction. A continuous increase in length, width breadth, weight and volume was observed.

Significant increase however, was only up to 65 days after fruit set. Chemical analysis showed that

total soluble solids significantly increased up to maturity. Titratable acids was found to increase up to

the 44th day then gradually decreased up to the last sampling date. A surge in the starch content was

observed starting from 65 days after fruit set onwards. Fruits harvested more mature showed faster

rate of color change from green to yellow. Sixty-five days after fruit set or 95 days after flower

induction was associated with maturity and consequently acceptable quality upon ripening, thus

making it the minimum picking age at 72 days from fruit set or 112 days after flower induction.

00007 Alegre, G.E. 2008. Postharvest behavior of hanged tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L.) fruits with

intact auxin-treated pedicel. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.

64 leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

The study aimed to extend the shelf-life of tomato by hanging the fruits with intact stem applied

with auxin. Harvested tomato fruits were applied with different levels of auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid)

at the cut portion of the pedicel and then hanged at ambient condition. The concentrations of auxin

were: control (0 ppm), 0.01 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 1.00 ppm and 10.0 ppm. Physico-chemical quality

parameters, namely, peel color, respiration, diseases incidence, visual quality, firmness, number of

days to natural abscission, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), and percent titratable solids (%TA) were

evaluated and monitored. Results showed that auxin had no significant effect on peel color change of

tomato fruits. Except for 0.1 ppm auxin treatment, the respiratory climacteric peaks occurred after

20th

day of storage. At this point, the average peel color was 3.44. In terms of disease incidence,

treatment 5 (10.0 ppm) auxin) was significantly different as well as consistently showing the lowest

disease incidence which commenced on the 20th

day up to the 60th

day. At this concentration of

auxin, disease severity was also significantly and consistently lower relative to the rest of the

treatments. The fruit visual quality rating was highest (7.12) at 10.0 ppm auxin treatment among the

five treatments and fruit was delayed by 7 days to reach VQR 3 (limit of marketability) with respect to

the control. Fruit firmness was significantly different on day 14 and 20 in treatment 5 (10.0 ppm

auxin) relative to the control. Fruits in all treatments did not undergo natural abscission even up to

60 days of storage. The observed fruit drop was caused by diseases. The highest fruit drop was

observed in treatment 2 (0.01 ppm auxin) which started to occur after 20 days of hanging. At

termination (60 days), all treatments exhibited 37% fruit drop primarily due to disease. The pH of

tomato fruit with auxin treated pedicel was significantly lower in treatment 2 (0.01 ppm) auxin on

day 20. The total soluble solids among treatments were not significantly significant. The titratable

acidity, however, on day 14 treatment 5 (10.0 ppm auxin) gave the highest TA value which was

significantly different relative to treatment 2 (0.01 ppm auxin). Based on the number of days to reach

VQR 3 (limit of marketability) this study showed that 10.0 ppm auxin applied at the cut pedicel of

hanged tomato fruit can extend the shelf-life by 7 days relative to the control (0 ppm).

00008 Almeida, A.T. Effect of waxing on the storability of slicing cucumber under ambient temperature. BS

Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 18, [10] leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

The effect of different wax preparations and time of application on the percent decay,

respiration rate and chlorophyll degradation of cucumber fruits during storage were studied under

ambient conditions. Prima Fresh, among all the other waxes tested, was found to be the best for

cucumber. Decay, rate of weight loss, and rate of respiration were significantly lower to Prima Fresh

coated fruits compared with other commercial was preparations. However, chlorophyll degradation

seemed to be enhanced by waxing during the later stages of storage. The earlier cucumber fruits

were waxed after harvesting, the longer they last.

00009 Alo, J.C.Y. 1986. The evaluation of various lightweight potting media for growth of foliage plants. BS


Abstract

Four lightweight materials (rice hull, coconut coir dust, styrofoam and volcanic cinder) and one

organic fertilizer (pig manure) were evaluated singly and in combination with pib manure at 1:1 ratio,

as potting media for two foliage plants, Dieffenbachia sp. `Compacta' and Ficus benjamina. After five

months in culture, plant height, root development and visual quality (with a rating of 1-5, visual

quality rating increasing with numerical score) were monitored and compared. The experimental

results showed that media can significantly affect height and root development of Dieffenbachia and

Picus. The combination of coconut coir dust with pig manure appears to be best media for foliage

plants in terms of plant height, root development and visual quality. These materials were found to

be readily available and inexpensive, light in weight, has good water holding capacity and porosity,

with desirable pH and soluble salt levels, all of which are crucial for foliage plant growth. Generally,

compared with other media used, this combination produced best quality plants in the shortest time

as evaluated from the plants' visual appearance, height and root growth.

00010 Altamarino, A.P. Jr. 1973. Marketing of vegetable under the GMTFM-farmer-cooperative tie-up in

Benguet Province. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 80 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

Fifty-five Filipino cabbage and potato farmers in Benguet Province were interviewed. The

average age was forty-one and the average number of years in farming was fifteen. Fifty-one were

owner operators. Farming was the primary source of income for all respondents. The average farm

size was 3.41 hectares, average area planted to cabbage was 1.73 and 1.49 for potatoes. A relatively

bigger portion of the total land area was un-irrigated. Harvesting, hauling, washing, trimming, grading

and packaging were done by the farmers with the help of the farm laborers. Potatoes were stored for

an average period of 2.5 months. Grading was done only after GMTFM was organized. The GMTFM

introduced the wooden crate as container for a rental fee of P0.50 per crate per use, and which was

reported to be a better container. Before GMTFM, bamboo baskets were used as containers for

cabbage; red baskets for potatoes. The most common method of sale was wholesale and the usual

method of payment was cash on delivery. Choice of market outlets was based on the prices offered

for the commodities. The place of sale was at the farm for most farmers. Two methods of sale

practiced by the GMTFM were consignment sale and direct purchase. Majority of the farmer-

respondents had other market outlets to which they sold the off-grade vegetables which GMTFM did

not absorb. Even with the existence of the GMTFM, the same marketing problem such as low prices

offered lack and inadequacy of transport facilities still existed. Majority believed that cooperative

marketing was one way of solving their marketing problems, with high expectations that the

government could help them. As a whole, fifty-three percent of the farmer-respondents benefited

from their tie-up with the GMTFM.

00011 Alvarez, V.L. 1986. Evaluation of the vase life of different gladiolus cultivars (3 cvs). BS Thesis,


Abstract

Gladiolus is one cut flower species that has gained popularity from scientists, florists, and

consumers. This is because of its attractiveness as a cut flower and its high value in the cut flower

industry. It is available in many strains, thus making it interesting for varietal evaluation. This study

compares the postharvest qualities of 3 varieties, determines appropriate handling methods to

maintain their quality, and tries to identify the response to different treatments of locally produced

cut gladioli. Three varieties of gladiolus - 'American pink', 'American white', and 'Red Japanese'- were

obtained from a farm in Baguio. they were placed in 200 ppm Physan 20 during storage. The study is

composed of 3 experiments. In Experiment I, gladiolus spikes were stored for different lengths of

time from 1 to 3 weeks with a separate set of unstored spikes from control. They were observed

under standard ( temperature of 20°C, 40 to 80% RH, and light of about 200 lux ) and ambient two

weeks were found to have the longest vase life of 4.2 days, the best floret display of 6.2 florets during

senescence of the basal floret, and the most number of opened florets ( 7 florets ). Irrespective of

variety and length of storage, spikes evaluated under standard conditions lasted longest, had better

floret display, and the least percentage of accumulated weight loss.Spikes of each variety used in

Experiment II were harvested at two stages of maturity of maturity- the tight bud stage and the stage

when the first two florets are showing color. They were stored for 1 and 2 weeks and were later

evaluated under standard and ambient conditions. Tight bud 'American pink' spikes stored for 2

weeks lasted longest for 6.3 days and had the least amount of weight loss if evaluated under

standard conditions after storage. Florets in tight buds reached maximum diameter more slowly than

those whose first florets were open initially; therefore, they lasted longer especially if observed

under standard environment.Experiment III involves pulsing of spikes also at the tight bud stage and

when first florets were open. This means that spikes were treated with 20% sucrose solution for 12

hours at 20°C before one-week storage. They were again observed under standard and ambient

conditions. Pulsing was found to be highly beneficial especially in prolonging vase life up to nearly 5

days, in opening as many as 8.3 florets per spike, and in minimizing weight loss to only 5.1%.In

general, spikes at the tight bud stage gave better results than spikes whose florets have started to

show color; spikes observed under standard condition performed better than those evaluated under

ambient. 'American pink' spikes responded favorably to 2-week responded with weak stems and

unopened florets. 'Red Japanese' developed the largest florets among the three varieties. Pulsing

spikes before one-week storage was beneficial and highly recommended.

00012 Amante, V. 1983. Degreening of citrus reticulate blanco "ladu" using ethylene and ethephon. BS


Abstract

From the experiment on degreening of Citrus reticulata Blanco `Ladu', where different

concentrations of ethylene and ethephon were used, it was found that 2,000 ppm ethephon and

1,000 ppm ethylene caused the fastest degreening rate. Per cent weight loss was highest on fruits

subjected to 2,000 ppm ethephon and 500 ppm ethylene. Titratable acidity decreased in uniform rate

in all experimental fruits. Total soluble solids increased with the control while a decrease was

observed in treated fruits. The second experiment, where 'Ladu' fruits were degreened at various

stages of ripeness, it was ascertained that 2,000 ppm ethephon used at all stages of ripeness gave

better color appearance than 1,000 ppm ethylene. Per cent weight loss was highest to fruits at 26-50

percent ripeness treated with 1,000 ppm ethylene. Tritatable acidity decreased in all experimental

fruits at all stages of ripeness. Total soluble solids of untreated fruits increased while TSS of treated

fruits decreased at all stages of ripeness. Disease development was highest on fruits dipped in 2,000

ppm ethephon while shrivelling was higher on fruits with ethephon and ethylene than the control.

00013 Angeles, M.J.C. 2010. Demand for selected vegetables of supermarkets in Laguna, 2009. BS Thesis,


Abstract

The study was conducted to analyse the demand for selected vegetables in supermarkets in

Laguna. The study’s specific objectives were: 1) to identify the top-selling vegetables in supermarkets

in Laguna; 2) to determine the volume demanded and quality requirements for selected vegetables

of the supermarkets in Laguna; 3) to determine the sources of vegetables of the supermarkets in

Laguna and their procurement practices; and 4) to identify the problems encountered by

supermarkets in Laguna in procuring vegetables. The sample supermarkets consisted of two

supermarkets from San Pablo City and one each from Calamba City, Sta. Rosa, Los Banos and San

Pedro. The selected vegetables in the study were comprised of five major (cabbage, onion, tomato,

garlic and eggplant) and two priority (potato and lettuce) vegetables as categorized by the Bureau of

Agricultural Statistics. Among these selected vegetables, the study revealed that five out of the seven

selected vegetables namely, cabbage, potato, onion, garlic and tomato were ranked as the top-selling

vegetables of the sample supermarkets. Supermarkets in Laguna were classified as large and small

supermarkets based on the size of its vegetable section. Based on the results, large supermarkets had

higher average weekly volume of demand for each of the selected vegetables than small

supermarkets in all three demand seasons (peak, normal and lean).The estimated total weekly

demand of the supermarkets in the study areas was computed in all three demand seasons. The

study showed that cabbage was the most in demand vegetable for all demand seasons with 3,685,

6,249 and 2.368 kg per week respectively. The results showed that there were significant changes in

the volume of selected vegetables during peak and lean demand seasons. However, the most in

demand vegetable in terms of volume requirement was not the most valued vegetable based on the

total value of selected vegetables in all supermarkets. The quality of vegetables was graded by

supermarkets based on the following criteria: size, color and varieties. The study revealed that

supermarkets have the same size classification but different size range for cabbage and lettuce while

they all have the same size range for potato. For cabbage and lettuce, supermarkets purchased

medium and large sized only. Freshness of vegetables is also associated with color and supermarkets

have slight difference in color preference. The same varieties for each selected vegetables were

purchased by all the supermarkets in the study. The prices paid by the supermarkets for vegetables

were based on size and variety. Most of the supermarkets that paid the highest prices for each

variety of vegetables were large supermarkets. These were significant increases in the prices of each

variety of selected vegetables during peak demand season. The results of the study regarding the

procurement practices of sample supermarkets showed that most of them order vegetables twice a

week during the afternoon and have it delivered by morning. Most of the respondents prefer their

vegetables to be delivered and paid in credit. The terms of payment ranged from 15 to 30 days. In

order to preserve the freshness and avoid damages of vegetables, supermarkets use various

packaging materials for the vegetables. The study revealed that most of the respondents prefer

suppliers who offer a complete list of vegetables that they need and those who can meet their

desired volume of high quality. They also choose suppliers who are systematic in getting orders and

can provide a consistent and reliable supply. Other supermarkets give priority to suppliers who can

offer low priced vegetables. Some of the problems encountered by the supermarkets with their

suppliers include: supply disruption due to natural calamities such as typhoons, suppliers poor

handling of vegetables, mismatch between peak demand season and peak supply season, suppliers

inability to meet the specified volume and quality required by supermarkets, and under stock due to

delivery rejects. In review of the findings in the study and problems identified by the supermarkets,

the following are recommended: establishment of close linkage with the supermarkets by farmers

and traders who would like to penetrate supermarkets; adjustments in the production and marketing

practices of farmers and traders who are currently catering the supermarkets; and government

provision of technical assistance to farmers to improve production of vegetables to meet the quality

and quantity requirements of supermarkets and provision of market information to both farmers and

traders.

00014 Anit, G.A. 1983. Effects of growth regulations on the ripening of `carabao' mangoes sprayed with

ethephon before harvest. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. [5],

31, [26] leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

The effects of growth regulators on the respiration, ethylene production, color development,

total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) of `Carabao' mangoes were studied. The trees

were induced to flower with KMNO3 and sprayed with 250 ppm ethephon solution one month

before normal harvest. The fruits were harvested 125 days from flower induction. They were dipped

in varying concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyl adenine (BA) and gibberellic acid

(GA3) for five minutes and stored at 20°C. Higher respiration rates were observed on fruits treated

with 500 ppm NAA, 100 and 200 ppm BA, 250 and 1250 ppm NA3. Fruits treated with 50 and 100

ppm NAA, 20 ppm BA and 50 ppm GA3 had lower carbon dioxide production than the control. All

treatments delayed the climacteric rise in respiration. Ethylene was highest at 50 ppm NAA. It was

also observed that 100 ppm NAA, 200 ppm BA, 250 and 1250 ppm GA3 increased ethylene

production compared to the control. Low ethylene production was exhibited by fruits treated with 20

and 100 ppm BA and 50 ppm GA3. All growth regulators slowed down the rate of color development.

No significant effect was observed on TSS and TA content except for 250 ppm GA3 which had

significantly lower TA content of treated fruits. Basing on these results, the apparent benefit from

postharvest application of growth regulators is around the region of 4 days from harvest. Within this

period, ethephon sprayed fruits dipped in appropriate concentration of growth regulators are

greener and have not attained the climacteric peak in respiration.

00015 Apolinario, V.A. 1968. Effect of different level of oxygen on storage of `bungulan' bananas. BS Thesis,


Abstract

The effect of varying levels of oxygen in controlled atmosphere storage of `Bungulan' bananas

was studied. Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage greatly prolonged the life of the fruits under the

conditions of this experiment. Differences in retardation of ripening between varying levels of oxygen

were found to be highly significant. The extent of retardation increased with decreasing levels of

oxygen. Days marketability was not affected by the different oxygen levels. The fruits remained

marketable for three days, owing to their susceptibility to stem-end rot disease. CA storage retained

the good appearance and flavor of the `Bungulan' bananas.

00016 Arboleda, M.S.M. 1986. Fertilizer trials on sampaguita (Jasminum sambac L. Ait.).BS Thesis, University

of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 70 leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

One-year old sampaguita cuttings grown in pots were treated to two different experiments:

different rates of N at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 kg/ha with P and K constant at 30 and 10 kg/ha

respectively; and to different rates of application of constant 10 + 30 + 10 kg NPK/ha at 5, 10, 20, 40

and 80 g/pot. The treatments were applied in May and again in November. Nitrogen application at 10

kg/ha significantly increased total bud production from 89.87 kg/ha of the control (0 N/ha) to 152

kg/ha. There was no significant increase in the total yield when the rates were doubled to 20 and 40

kg N/ha but there was a decrease in yield when 80 kg N was applied. In the second experiment, a 10

+ 30 + 10 kg NPK/ha rate given at 20 g/pot significantly raised total yield to 237 kg/ha compared to all

other treatments. Effects on yield at the application rates of 5, 10, 40 and 80 g/pot were not

significantly different from each other. Weight of 100 flower buds were not affected by both

different N rates (kgN/ha) and different rates (g/pot) of 10 + 30 + 10 kg NPK/ha.

00017 Artes, L.A. 1984. Modified atmosphere storage for lanzones (Lansium domesticum Correa). BS Thesis,

University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)

Abstract

Ethylene production was not discernible in the freshly harvested fruits but increased as

deterioration progressed. Browning of lanzones was found to be significantly delayed for at least a

day when kept in PEB. Weight loss was also reduced to half of that in controls. Storing fruits in

perforated PEB offered far better results than either keeping them in sealed PEB or in PEB with 16

diffusion holes (DH) since fermentation occurred in both treatments due to reduced O2 levels. The

use of perforated PEB, on the other hand, did not adversely affect the taste of stored fruits.

00018 Aspuria, T.G. 1977. Supply requirement of tomato paste. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los

Baños, College, Laguna. 52 leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

Total tomatoes available for consumption in the Philippines was very much below the country's

consumption requirement of 23 grams per capita per day. The study projected the demand for

tomatoes in 1977 to reach a total volume of 374.1 million kilograms. Also, it was revealed that to

meet the dietary requirement of the country by 1980, supply of tomatoes must reach a total volume

of 408.9 million kilograms. Results of the study showed that local tomato production during the last

ten years did not seem to affect the volume of tomato paste imports in the Philippines in the same

way that shifts in hectarage devoted to tomatoes did not extensively increased local tomato

production. These were verified by low correlations between the variables. Tomato paste

importation in the Philippines during the years from 1966 to 1975 exhibited violent fluctuations. In

1976, the country's importation amounted to P1.8 million. Portugal, United States, Italy and Taiwan

were the dominant producer countries which supplied the Philippines with tomato paste. Among the

five respondent companies, only Ram Food Products Incorporated had produced its own tomato

paste. Related products that were made out of this raw material were pork and beans, chilli sauce,

mechado, tomato sauce, spaghetti recipes.

00019 Atienza, Ma. A.M. 1990. Shelf-life evaluation of clay-ash ethylene scrubbers. BS Thesis, University of

the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 35 leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

The shelf-life of ethylene scrubbers using clay and rice hull ash as potassium permanganate

carrier was evaluated at the Postharvest Horticulture Training and Research Center. The ethylene

absorbing capacity of the scrubbers expressed in quantitative terms as a first order rate constant,

remained high even after 24 weeks of storage. Temperature has no significant effect on the rate of

deterioration of the scrubbers, i.e. decrease in the value of their rate constants. After 24 weeks of

storage at 0°C, 10°C, 20°C and ambient (28-32°C), the scrubbers were still effective to the extent of

more than 75 percent relative to their maximum ethylene absorbing capacity. Light hastened

deterioration of the scrubbers stored at 20°C and at ambient temperature. However, there is no

interaction between light and temperature as regards their effect on scrubber deterioration. Color

change of the scrubbers maybe used as a quick indicator for deterioration.

00020 Baes, A.U. 1968. Effect of maturity on some chemical characters of banana (Musa sapientum L. var.

Lacatan). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 14 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

The total sugars, starch, total titratable acids and total soluble solids of bananas (Musa

sapientum var. lacatan) picked at two maturity stages were determined during ripening at 33.3°C.

Bananas picked at two different maturity stages showed parallel trends and that the only effect of

maturity during harvest was time differences in their ripening behaviour. Starch increased to a peak

at the initial stages of ripening but decreased thereafter. Total acids increased coinciding with the

rapid decrease in starch; later total sugars increased coinciding with deceleration in increase in acids.

00021 Bandian, Ma. N. F. 1989. Flotation and other physical and chemical characteristics of immature nuts

(‘buko’) of different coconut cultivars at varying stages of maturity. BS Thesis, University of the

Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 61 leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the flotation, and other physical and chemical

characteristics of immature nuts of five coconut cultivars at three stages of maturity (six, seven and

eight months old). Floating characteristics as an index for determining the maturity of young

coconuts, Cocos nucifera, Linn. were observed. Results showed that buoyancy of all buko samples

increased as they mature. On the other hand, the change in flotation angle decreased as the nuts get

older. These two variables can be used to determine maturity of the nuts of different coconut

cultivars. Other physical and chemical properties such as total soluble solids, pH and volume of liquid

endosperm, volume of nut cavity, thickness and cutting resistance of solid endosperm were also

observed and used as basis for determining varietal differences. It was noted that as the nuts mature,

there was a gradual decrease in the volume and total soluble solids in the liquyid endosperm. No

consistent trends were noted for the pH of the liquid endosperm, but the solid endosperm of the

nuts became thicker and firmer as they mature. Significant cultivar differences were also noted in TSS

and volume of liquid endosperm, volume of nut capacity and thickness and firmness of solid

endosperm. Some dwarf cultivars were similar if not better than the control, `LA', in terms of the

above characters.

00022 Barcelona, L.M.B. Jr. 1992. Effects of different levels of growth regulators on callus production of

Bauhinia galpinii N.E. Br. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 68

leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

The experiment was conducted using two procedures for sterilization. In the first procedure 2%

CaCL was used and the explants were rinsed three times using detegent and water. The second

procedure the explant were with detergent and water for 30 minutes to 1 hour and then soakedin 5%

CaCL for 10 minutes. It was then rinsed with sterile distilled water and soaked in 0.01 % streptomycin

sulfate for 10 minutes. The explant were innoculated in Murashige and Skoog basal media with NAA,

BA, Kiand IBA as growth regulators added singly or in combination. The best among the technique of

sterilization for axillary bud culture of Bauhinia galpinii was double sterilization done by washing the

explants with running rap water and detergent for 30 minutes to 1 hour then soaking it with 5%

calcium hypochlorite for 5 minutes. Afterwards, the explants were rinsed with double distilled water

and re-sterilized with 5% calcium hypochlorite for 5 minutes then rinsed with double distilled water.

After the surface sterilization, the explants were soaked in antibiotic, 0.01% streptomycin sulfate for

10 minutes to prevent fungal and bacterial contamination then rinsed 3 times with sterile distilled

water before inoculation. The treatment combination of NAA + BA gave the highest percentage of

callus formation. Murashige and Skoog media with 5 ppm NAA + 2.5 ppm BA gave the highest degree

of callus formation (80%). The average number of days to callus formation was 12.5 days. The calli

that resulted from this treatment were compact and hard. Auxin when used alone gave high

mortality, but when combined with cytokinin, mortality was reduced significantly and cultures were

kept alive until they were able to produce callus.

00023 Barile, T.V. 1984. Effects of chemicals and low temperature on the vase life of four florist greens. BS


Abstract

Four florist greens, Nephrolepsis cordifolia (L.) K. Presl, Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jossop,

Dracaena sanderana Hort. Sander, and Chrysalidocarpus lustecens H. Wendl were held in different

floral preservatives and evaluated in terms of the rate of senescence and chlorophyll content. The

rate of yellowing of N. cordiflora was slowest when held in 300 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline + 300 ppm

citric acid + 3 percent sugar and 100 ppm Thiabendazole + 300 ppm 8-HQ + 3 percent sugar

compared to the control although differences were small. On the ather hand, stems held in 300 ppm

benzoic acid + 3 percent sugar + 300 ppm 8-HQ and 300 ppm kinetin + 3 percent sugar + 300 ppm 8-

HQ showed a faster rate of senescence. There was no significant difference obtained in A. setaceus

when in different floral preservatives. In D. sanderana, the rate of yellowing was least when held in

300 ppm citric acid + 3 percent sugar + 300 ppm 8-HQ. The rest of the treatments showed similar

results compared to the control. Sugar (3 percent) and 8-hydroxyquinoline at 300 ppm retarded

senescence of C. lutescens the least while the rest of the treatments experienced a faster rate of

senescence just like the control. Regardless of the species used, chlorophyll content decreased with

time for all treatments.

00024 Basug, D.R. 1976. Management study of vegetable farms in Buguias, Benguet Province. BS Thesis,


Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the cultural management of vegetable production and

marketing the physical variable, cost and returns and the production and marketing problems. The

average investment per hectare was P4215. Of this amount, 82 percent was tied to land, 13 percent

to farm supplies and materials, and the remaining 5 percent for tools, equipment and buildings. The

average yield per hectare was 14287 kilograms for cabbage, 8756 and 6337 kilograms for Irish potato

and carrots respectively. At the price of P0.35, P0.50 and P0.45 for cabbage, Irish potato and carrots

per kilo respectively that prevailed during the crop year, gross return per hectare amounted to P4999

for cabbage, P4375 and P2854 for Irish potato and carrots respectively. On the average, P1473 was

spent in the production of cabbage per hectare. Irish potato and carrots accounted P2336 and P599

cost respectively per hectare. Net return per hectare averaged P3296 for cabbage, P1749 and P2070

for Irish potato and carrots respectively. The most common market outlets were chinese financiers,

city buyers or wholesalers, local buyers and retailers.

00025 Beldad, D.D. 1992. A study on packaging of agribusiness products: focus on major Philippine fruits. BS


Abstract

This study sought to determine the packaging practices and materials used for fruits at various

marketing levels. Primary data were obtained though interviews with different fruit producers,

traders and processors in Laguna, Batangas, Cavite and in Metro Manila. An interview schedule was

used. Descriptions, frequency, percentage and ranges were used in the analysis of data. All of the

farmers interviewed used kaing and sacks in packaging their produce. Other materials used were

bangkil (bakid), bayong, bakat, wooden crates, corrugated carton boxes and plastic sheets. Bulky

fruits were bare and others were packaged according fruit type (soft or hard), perishability and

distance travelled. Handling practices differed for each fruit. Among the problems were the product

losses during harvesting. And about 2 percent more during sorting due to mishandling and poor

harvesting methods. Those who marketed their own produce faced high transportation costs and

losses of 5 percent of products due to travel hazards and poor packaging materials. Producers in the

Visayas and Mindanao would have limited lumber for wooden crates because of logging restrictions.

Traders did not alter the packaging materials as the fruits were transported from farms to various

market sites. Kaing and sacks were still used with the addition of plastic crates which were used in

delivering fruits to processing firms. Transportation hazards and poor packaging material resulted

product loss. Mishandling practices like overstacking compressing the packages inside vehicles,

stepping and sleeping on the products, accidental drops and ungentle unloading procedures further

contributed to losses. At the retail level, kaing and bilao were must commonly used to display fruits.

Losses were also incurred in sorting out damaged fruits and stress suffered from consumers. In

supermarkets, fresh fruits were taken cared of in a favorable environment. Re- packing was done

resulting to six packs in plastic covered styrofoam. Bulky fruits were displayed on stalls. Processed

fruits were on shelves in sweetened, dried, whole, chunks, sliced, concentrates, jellies, jams, and

puree forms. They were package in plastic, glass, jars, bottles, aluminum packs, brick packs and tin

cans. Proper labels were on every packaged process products. Among the 17 processors interviewed,

two were juice drink makers, 8 were buko pie bakers and the rest were fruit preservers. The

packaging materials used were chip board boxes for buko pies, bottles for preserves, tin can and high

density plastic (HDP) for fruit drinks. Other materials observed were brick packs and aluminum foils.

Alternative sources of materials were sought for cheaper materials, in case there was a problem with

the current sources and to ensure competition to have a variety of choice materials. The problems

cited were the high prices of materials, limited supply, poor service and low quality materials. Not all

were able to take advantage of discounts due to the high purchase requirement. To address the

existing problems of various level, and to further improved the industry , the following

recommendations were arrived at farmers and traders must realized the importance of proper

packaging and handling extension work of government and private agencies like PHTRC, FPRDI, PIP

and DTI. Seminars brochures and handbooks could be distributed to farmers and traders. Processors

should form an association to increase their bargaining power, take advantage of discounts by buying

in bulk, eliminate competition and to help small scale processors to avail of good quality materials.

They may take advantage of seminars of trade exhibits sponsored by DTI, PIP or PDDCP. Bootle

manufacturers should find alternative materials and if possible, reduced the minimum requirement

to avail of discounts. And for DTI, PIP and PDCP, these agencies could extend their services to farmers

and traders through various seminars of program.

00026 Bicomong, Aileen G. 1997. Physico-chemical changes in minimally processed rambutan (Nephelium

lappaceum, cv Maharlika. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 42


Abstract

The study was undertaken to determine the potential minimal processing (removal of peel ) of

rambutan fruits in order to extend shelf- life and make available to consumers a rambutan product in

its fresh- like form. Rambutan fruits were peeled, packaged in polyethylene (PEB) and polypropylene

(PP) bags and stored for 10 days at 5 C. In another experiment, the intact fruits ( with the peel on )

were first stored in the cold for 10 days, minimally processed, packaged in PEB and PP bags and then

stored for 7 days, in the same cold storage conditions. In the first experiment, among chemical

attributes, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity ( TA) and fH were significantly different among

treatments. The fruits with the peel intact and the minimally processed rambutan in PEB had the

highest TSS values after 10 days on storage. Percent CO2 was also observed to be highest in

minimally- processed rambutan packaged in PEB. Storing intact fruits first for 10 days at 5 C and then

the minimally processed product stored for another 7 days resulted in increasing TSS values which

were significantly different among treatment. However, TA and pH did not significantly vary among

treatments.

00027 Biglete, N.A. 1986. Coconut water as postharvest dip for pechay (Brassica napus var. chinensis). BS


Abstract

Studies to determine the effect of coconut water on the senescence of pechay were conducted.

Harvested pechay were dipped in coconut water at different stages of maturity and rehydrated in

water from mature nuts and tap water. Coconut water significantly minimized yellowing and

chlorophyll degradation. However, weight loss, wilting and rate of respiration was not retarded by

coconut water treatments. Coconut water does not minimize moisture loss during respiration. Tap

water is better than coconut water in terms of effecting turgidity at rehydration. Pechay at a

moderately wilted stage may still efficiently be rehydrated in tap water.

00028 Buenaobra, J.S. 2007. Landscape maintenance of the columns and one Legaspi Park in Makati City. BS


Abstract

The major practice was conducted separately in two residential condominium buildings, The

Columns, and One Legaspi Park, both located in Makati City from May 2 to June 30, 2006. The sites

were maintained by two landscaping contractors which were the Gardenia Landscaping Incorporated

and Polygons Ventures and Land development, respectively.In both sites, actual participation in the

various landscape maintenance operations such as watering, weeding, pruning, fertilization, pest

control and plant replacements were performed. Plant identification, interviews and other relevant

documentations were also performed. Two maintenance manuals were prepared and submitted to

Ayala Land for completion. For both areas, the problems encountered were quite the same. These

were: the lack of landscape field men for maintenance operation; inadequate knowledge and skills of

field men; few irresponsible acts of people; and extreme hot weather conditions causing withering

and death to plants. Appropriate recommendations were also suggested to address the mentioned

problems.

00029 Buera, M.V.B. 2003. Effects of mycorrhizal inoculant fertilizers on mini-roses (Rosa hybrida cv.) pot

plant production. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 53 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Mycovam and different types of fertilizers

in the growth and development of mini-roses (Rosa hybrida cv.) Treatment of the test plants with

Solophos (0-21-0) and Peter's Bloom 99-45-15) foliar fertilizer was found the most effective in

enhancing growth and survival of mini-roses. However, application cost of Peter's Bloom (9-45-15)

treatment was higher due to frequent application. Addition of Multicote (17-17-17) show release

fertilizer to Mycovam had no positive effects on survival and resulted to even higher cost of

application. Mycorrhizal treatments, especially at a higher level, were found to be equally effective

with Solophos (0-21-0) and Peter's Bloom (9-45-15) in increasing the number of shoots and

stimulating earlier flowering.

00030 Bulawan, J.S. Prolonging the vaselife of different bougainvillea cultivars. BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract

An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of six holding solutions (distilled water,

florafresh, distilled water after pulsing in silver thiosulfate, alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (ANAA),

ANNA with silver thiosulfate) on the vaselife, visual quality and water uptake of five bougainvillea

cultivars. The various holding solutions significantly extended the vaselife of these cultivars (Tules

Violet, Roman Pink, Rainbow, Red-36-petals and Guam. up to 7 days in some of the cultivars

compared with the vaselife of the control which is either one or two days only. The best holding

solution for each cultivar varies, that is, alpha-naphthalene acetic acid for cv. Tules Viloet and Guam,

ANAA with STS for Roman Pink, ANNA with florafresh for cv. Rainbow and florafresh for cv. Red-36-

petals. The holding solutions with ANNA extended the vaselife longer than those without ANNA.

Liquid uptake has no correlation with the vaselife of each cultivar. Visual quality rating of the

inflorescences held in the distilled water (control) exhibited abscission after a day while

inflorescences held in the other solutions did not abscised during the observation period except for

Roman Pink held in ANNA with florafresh. Based on the results of this study, all the cv. tested have a

potential as a cutflower.

00031 Calara, E.S. 1969. The effect of varying carbon dioxide levels on the storage of `Bungulan' bananas. BS


Abstract

Five percent carbon dioxide and 3 per cent oxygen caused a maximum retardation in the rate of

ripening and color change of `Bungulan' banana after 4 and 5 weeks of storage. Controlled

atmosphere storage successfully extended the marketability of the `Bungulan' bananas for several

days. At high CO2 levels (10 and 15 percent) fruits exhibited a type of injury similar to the symptoms

of chilling. The decay was lowest on fruits treated with 5 percent CO2 and 3 percent O2.

00032 Calinao, Ma. L. P. 1985. Shipment storage trials on two foliage plants. BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract

F. benjamina and A. commutatum were dark stored at 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°C and ambient

temperature for 7 or 14 days using either potted or bareroot plants, and then held in the dark under

ambient temperature for 15 days. Leaf drop, leaf color change, and decrease in chlorophyll content

was minimized with sub-ambient temperatures. Plant grade was highest at 5°, 10° and 15°C

immediately after storage for both plants, although differences between 10°, 15°, 20°, and ambient

were not significant as post-storage time increased. Plants stored at 5° for longer periods suffered

extensive leaf drop and leaf damage. Plants stored for 7 days had significantly reduced drop for F.

benjamina, less vertical leaf angulation for A. commutatum and reduced leaf color change with

higher chlorophyll content and plant grade for both plants throughout the post-storge period

compared to plants stored for 14 days. Bareroot E. benjamina were significantly better for all values

compared to the potted plants throughout the post-storage period but A. commutatum showed

reduced leaf color change, less vertical angulation and higher plant grade for potted treatments.

00033 Capilos, L.A. 1984. Studies on the postharvest handling of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum

morifolium Lam.)cv. Yellow Taiwan. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,

Laguna. 65, [11] leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

Effects of the foliar application of Prolong (an emulsifiable formulation of sucrose esters), Decho-

Lustr (commercial preparation of wax) and kinetin on the vaselife of chrysanthemum

(Chrysanthemum morifolium Lam.) cv. Yellow Taiwan at half-opened bud stage was studied under

ambient temperature and at 20°C. The addition of different concentrations of sugar and benzoic acid

to the holding solutions containing standard concentrations of 8-hydroxyquinoline (400 ppm) and

citric acid (100 ppm) was likewise examined. Using a standard cocktail containing 400 ppm 8-

hydroxyquinoline + 100 ppm citric acid + 5 percent sucrose for flowers at 20°C and dipping the leaves

in 1 percent Prolong resulted in a vaselife of 24.30 days. The result however, was not significantly

different from the control at 20°C (23.70 days). Prolong had no beneficial effect on the leaves of the

flowers. Browning of the leaves was evident on the fourth day. For the untreated leaves, browning

was not evident until the sixth day. Holding flowers in distilled water only and treating the leaves

with 2.5 percent Prolong was also not beneficial. Those held under ambient condition had the

shortest vaselife of 5 days. Flowers held at 20 °C had significantly longer vaselife than those at

ambient condition. Benzoic acid was not a suitable component of holding solutions due to its

undesirable effects on the leaves of chrysanthemum. The leaves turned yellow on the third day.

Incorporation of 5-10 percent sugar to the holding solutions enabled the successful opening of cut

chrysanthemums at half-open bud stage. Holding flowers in solutions with these concentrations

consistently gave longer vaselife. Concentrations beyond 10 percent did not guarantee the extension

of vaselife. The use of Decco-Lustr for flowers held in 400 ppm 8-HQ +100 ppm citric acid + 5-10

percent sucrose at ambient condition maintained freshness of leaves until the seventh day and had a

vaselife of 22.20 days. Flowers held in 400 ppm 8-HQ + 100 ppm citric acid + 5 percent sucrose + 5

ppm kinetin at 20°C resulted in the longest vaselife of 25 days. However, browning of the leaves was

noted on the second day.

00034 Capiña, X.G. 2009. Effect of precooling storage temperature and modified atmosphere packaging on

quality and postharvest characteristics of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.cv.Maharlika)

fruits. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 83 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

Freshly harvested rambutan fruits vc. MAharlika at color stages 4 (pink with 10-15% of the peel

area still green), 5 (fully pink or red) and 6 (deep red color) were stored at 8°C, 13°C, 25°C and

ambient condition to determine the appropriate maturity for harvest and temperature for

storage.Fruits harvested stored at 13°C remained marketable for 8 days, longer than those stored at

25°C and at ambient. Browning developed more rapidly in the less mature (CA 4) fruits which

incurred the highest weigh loss. It was also the least acceptable to the sensory panellist. Visual

quality was significantly affected by storage temperature, such that fruits stored at higher

temperature (25°C and ambient) deteriorated faster. Loss of quality in fruits stored at 8°C was mainly

due to the appearance of chilling injury symptoms, excessive drying and hardening of the peel,

particularly the spinterns.To determine the effect of precooling temperature and modified

atmosphere packaging (MAP), rambutan fruits harvested at CI5 were hydrocooled in 5°C and 10°C

ice-water and packed in 0.002 inch thick PEB with 4 and 0 (sealed) pinholes before storage at 13°C.

Results showed that hydrocooled fruits stored in MAP maintained high moisture level in the peel.

Hydrocooling at 10°C significantly reduced peel and spintern browning. MAP markedly retarded

browning. Packaging in PEB with 4 pinholes and stored at 13°C was found to be the most effective

method of extending the storage life of rambutan fruits. This treatment did not adversely affect the

physic-chemical and sensory characteristics of the fruits.

00035 Capistrano, L.G. 1974. Factors influencing brown spotting of `bungulan' bananas. II Storage

treatments. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)

Abstract

Fungicides, volatile absorbers, modified atmosphere, and wax treatments were used on

`Bungulan' banana stored at 15.7°C for three weeks to determine their effects on the appearance of

brown spots after ripening. The physiological nature of brown spotting was confirmed with the

success of modified atmosphere and wax treatments and the failure of fungicidal treatments to

reduce spot development and extend the shelf life of the fruits. Spot development was slightly

delayed on fruits previously stored with volatile absorbers, notably activated charcoal. Brown

spotting was very severe on fully degreened fruits stored in perforated polyethylene bags while it

was practically absent on fruits kept inside sealed polyethylene bags at ambient temperature. These

results further confirmed the relationship between oxygen supply and brown spotting.

00036 Cartagena, L.A. 1993. High temperature storage of 'Red Creole' (allium cepa) onions. BS Thesis,


Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of storing onion at high temperature and

to compare the storage of bulb onions at low and high temperatures. Results showed that onions

stored at 30 C and 35 C easily deteriorated due to diseases. Visual quality was low and weight loss

was high. Onions stored at these temperatures must be consumed within two months after harvest.

Onions stored ar 0 C had low incidence of molds and rots. It lasted beyond 7 months, but sprouting

and root formation was high due to frequent breakdown of the refrigerating system. Sprouting was

observed to be lowest in onions stored at ambient temperature ( 28 C -32 C ) and 25 had as much

weight loss as and lower root formation and rot incidence than those at 20 C and ambient

temperature. There were not much difference in bulb firmness, total soluble solids and respiration

rate among treatments. If it were for the high incidence of disease, storage at 25 C ar ambient

temperature ( 28 C - 32 C) would be a good alternative to 0 C.

00037 Celemin, R.C. 1988. The economics of cold storage among gladiolus farmers in Los Baños. BS Thesis,


Abstract

This study analyzed the economics of cold storage among gladiolus farmers. It generally aimed to

determine the effect of cold storage on the economic performance of gladiolus farmers. Specifically it

aimed to: (1) determine the extent or adoption of cold storage technology among gladiolus farmers;

(2) describe the nature of cold storage practice among gladiolus farmers; (3) identify the factors

influencing a farmer's decision to utilize cold storage facilities in gladiolus marketing; (4) assess the

profitability of cold storing gladiolus; and (5) pinpoint some problems encountered in cold storing

and recommend some possible solutions to alleviate them. Primary data used in this study were

gathered through personal interviews conducted among 60 randomly selected gladiolus farmers. The

samples were classified into two types. The first type os farmers were those who did not adopt the

cold storage technique and instead sold their produce immediately after harvest. The farmer's extent

of adoption of cold storage technology was only 17 percent since not all of them cold store, instead

most farmers sold their flowers immediately after harvest. Farmers practice cold storage prior to All

Saints Day when gladiolus flowers command higher prices. Harvested flowers were sorted into colors,

graded and tied into bundles. A bundle contains 30-40 dozens of gladiolus flowers. After which the

flowers were ready for transport to the cold storage facility. Farmers utilized cold storage facilities

located in UPLB: at IFST and at PHTRC, and in Manila: at FTI and at Clemente Enterprises. Factors that

significantly affected farmer's decision, based on results using the chi-square tests, were time and

volume of harvest, presence of immediate buyers, profitability of the practice, and capability of the

farmer. When harvesting occurs about a week before the target date of sale which was All Saints Day,

and harvest is in bulk, most farmers cold store. If harvesting was very early or done just in time for

selling, farmers find no need to cold store. When ther were immediate buyers offering a good price,

farmers sold their harvest immediately. However, when harvests were in bulk and buyers were not

sufficient enough to absorb all the harvested flowers, some farmers cold stored. The profitability of

this practice strongly influenced the farmer's decision, as higher prices received after storage exhibits

also higher returns that off-set the additional cost of storage. Gladiolus farming was mainly a family-

based enterprise, wherein husband and wife worked at the farm most of the time. Because of too

much work in the farm, farmers did not have extra time to cold store their flowers; instead they were

satisfied by growing the flowers and selling them afterwards. It was found out through t-test that

farmers who cold store received higher prices than those who did not cold store. Partial budget

analysis was used to determine the profitability of cold storing and results showed that farmers got a

P3.00 net return per dozen of gladiolus flowers cold stored. The main problem encountered by

farmers in cold storing was the quality losses incurred such as wilting or rottening of some flowers

that lower the selling price. Such losses results from accidental fluctuations in storage temperature,

improper handling of flowers, distance of cold storage facilities availed of, and length of storage.

00038 Chingcuanco, W.O. 1988. In-plant training at the Postharvest Training and Research Center,

Department of Horticulture, University of the Philippines at Los Baños. BS Thesis, University of


00039 Chua, M.J. 1987. Maturity index determination and effects of low temperature and enclosure in

polyethylene bag on the physico-chemical changes of young cob corn (Zea mays). BS Thesis,


Abstract

Effects of low temperature and enclosure in polyethylene bag on the physico-chemical changes

of harvested `Super Sweet' young cob corn, using different maturity indices, were determined. Of the

indices used, days after corn ear appearance was the best as it was highly correlated with texture,

cob length, and cob diameter. Toughening started on the fifth day after corn ear appearance. The

right time to harvest young cob corn is thus on the fourth day after corn ear appearance where

tender young cob corns of acceptable length and diameter were obtained. Storage at 20°C was as

effective as that at 0°C for the first three days of storage in terms of weight loss, texture, sugar

content and respiration rate. Cob corn stored for 20 days at 0°C are still marketable. Young cob corns

were storeable only for 3 days at ambient conditions. Enclosure in polyethylene bag minimized

weight loss at all temperatures but it did not affect texture, shrivelling and sugar content.

00040 Chua, R.K.O. 2008. Comparative business analysis between the performance of the current

distribution system of fruits and the proposed cold chain system from Oriental Mindoro to

Batangas. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 164 leaves.

(unpublished)

00041 Clado, B.R. 1986. Evaluation of coconut coirdust as storage medium for tomatoes (Lycopersicum

esculentum Mill.). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 70 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

Studies on prolonging the storage and shelf life of green-mature and firm-rripe tomatoes using

non-refrigerated methods were conducted. The studies were composed of two experiments. In

experiment I, green-mature Ìmproved Pope' tomatoes were used and imbedded in coirdust at

varying moisture content and in sawdust at the recommended moisture level. In experiment II, firm-

ripe `Panag-ulan' tomatoes were imbedded in coirdust using the best moisture level in the first

experiment. The effectivity of coirdust was compared to sawdust, clay jar and drip cooler storage.

Rate of ripening of green-mature tomatoes was not affected by storage in coirdust, sawdust or drip

cooler. However, the fruits exhibited higher VQR, lesser weight loss and shrivelling compared to

those stored under ordinary room condition. The fruits remained firm and even gain in weight. These

beneficial effects of moist coirdust and sawdust storage were also observed using firm-ripe

tomatoes. However, the color quality of the fruits was better than the control. The extension of

storage and shelf life of tomatoes was primarily due to the reduction in temperature and the

consequent increase in relative humidity inside moist media, moistened clay jar and drip cooler.

00042 Climaco, Ma. E.A. 1992. The acceptability and postharvest behavior of 'Cuarenta dias' banana

harvested at different stages of maturity. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,


Abstract

'Cuarenta Dias' banana harvested at 40, 45, and 50 days after flower emergence were used in the

study. Fruits of the three maturities were compared in terms physical and chemical characteristics at

the ripe stage, and physiological characteristics during ripening at 25°C. Ripening was characterized

by a decrease in total and peel weight, firmness, and diameter, and increase in pulp weight, pulp to

peel ratio, and chromameter a and b values. Despite differences in values for total soluble solids,

titratable acidity and fruit weight, 50 day old fruits exhibited a pattern comparable to that observed

in 40 day old fruits. Tannin concentration in fruits showed and increase in tannin, and this might be

attributed to a ripening disorder caused by an incidental high temperature exposure.Respiration rate

increased for all maturities up to the climateric peak, then declined thereafter, This increase in

respiration coincides with the increase in ethylene. Fruit of 50 day old frius were not significantly

different from each other in terms of general acceptance or hedonic rating.

00043 Cortes, T.L. 1972. Factors affecting firmness of some fruits. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los


Abstract

Data on oleocellosis, as measured by a pressure tester, and the rate of ripening of individual

fruits using a penetrometer were taken to evaluate fruit firmness. Oleocellosis (blemish due to the oil

release) of calamansi decreased as temperature and relative humidity increased. Light intensity per

se does not affect the occurrence of oleocellosis. Ripening in chico, caimito, bananas and mangoes

started from the stem end. However, the subsequent rate of ripening from the stem end towards the

rest of the fruit differed. It was relatively uniform in bananas, faster at the stylar end than at the

equator in mangoes, and increasing from the equator to the stylar end in chico and caimito.

00044 Dagaas, F.A.T. 2001. Drop impact test of three different varieties of tomatoes as affected by picking

maturity and storage temperature. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,

Laguna. 62 leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

Tomatoes of three different varieties and picking maturity were first stored at three different

storage temperatures before subjecting them to drop impact test. Force of impact was measured by

a load transducer connected to a strain amplifier. A multi-meter was connected to the strain

amplifier to give a voltage output of the force. The independent parameters and their interaction

showed significant effects on the dependent variable considered. The BRCI variety proved to be the

most resistant to bruising while the del Monte variety was the least. It was also proved that as the

tomato ripens, its susceptibility to bruising increases. An increase in the storage temperature also

predisposed the tomato to bruising.

00045 Daguman, I.L. 1956. The organic acids of some Philippine fruits. BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract

The acidity of the fruit is one of the factors that affects its flavor. The acid content of six species

of citrus fruits and twenty-five other fruits grown in the Philippines was determined by

chromatographic analysis. Citric, malic, oxalic, lactic or succinic and formic, -ketoglutaric or fumaric

acids were found in them. Citric acid was found in most of the fruits analyzed and was the

predominant acid in the citrus fruits, Antidesma bunius, Ananas comosus, Garcinia kydia, Sandoricum

koetjape, Averrhoa bilimbi, Artocarpus rigida, Spondias membin, Spondias dulcis, Calamus sp.

Malpighia glabra and Aglaia diffusa. Generally, the acidity of the well-recognized acidic fruits

analyzed was due to a high amount of citric acid. Achras sapota, Diospyros discolor, Flaccurtia

ramontchi and Annona muricata had malic acid and Averrhoa carambola and oxalic acid as its

predominant acid. The occurrence of acetic and lactic acids in some of the fruits is perhaps due to the

deterioration of the fruit during the advance ripening stages except in some cases as in Psidium

guajava and Tamarindus indica.

00046 Dalisay, Ma. D.S. 1993. Factors affecting the water uptake of Heliconia inflorescence. BS Thesis,


Abstract

The water uptake of inflorescences of two Heliconia cultivars: Jacquinii and Parrot as affected by

time of harvest, method of cutting, low temperature holding of plant prior to harvest and treatment

with gibberelic acid were determined then related to their subsequent vaselife. Inflourescences

harvested at 3:00 a.m. irrespective of cultivars had the highest water uptake values relative to those

harvested during the latter part of the day up to 12:00 noon. Irrespective of time of harvest of

cultivars, consistent decrease in uptake occurred up to the sixth hour after harvest. All parameters

studied such as time of harvest, method of cutting, low temperature exposure of plants before

harvest and treatment with gibberellic all enhanced water uptake in varying degrees relative to the

control. When water uptake trends were related to the subsequent postharvest life of the

influorecences, harvesting during the early part of the day (3:00-8:00 a.m.) coupled with cutting

under water gave a vaselife extension of 5 days relative to the control, 4 days with gibberellic acid

treatment (50 ppm) and 3 days for low temperature treatment. Whether there is an additive or

synergistic effect on water uptake and vaselife if all the positive effects of the parameters studied

would be combined remains to be determined.

00047 Danso, M.A. 2000. Mud brick structure for storing sweet potato (Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam) roots to

control quality deterioration. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.


Abstract

The study compared quality deterioration of sweet potato roots in three different storage

structures: a Mud Brick store with thatch roofing, Ambient condition using cement wall with

corrugated iron roofing and Cold store at 13°C. Storage of sweet potato roots at ambient condition

resulted in the highest weight loss of toots in both trials as a result of high temperature and low

relative humidity during storage. The first trial was conducted during the cooler time of the year from

November to January, when the temperature averaged 27°C and the average relative humidity was

80 percent, while the second trial was conducted during summer when the average temperature was

31°C and relative humidity, 90 percent. Weight loss of roots was slightly lower during the first trial

compare to the second trial but the effect of the storage structures on weight loss during the second

trial was the same. Although all the roots were sound at the start of storage, slight disease symptoms

were observed in the roots stored at ambient condition after 15 days in both trials. On the other

hand, those in the cold store and in the mud brick showed disease symptoms only after 30 days in

the first trial and after 45 days in the second trial. It can therefore be concluded that mud brick store

offered a good alternative to the cold storage especially in places where cold storage facilities are not

available or unaffordable. Mud brick storage should be recommended and adopted since the

materials used are easily available and affordable to even the resource-poor farmers.

00048 Data, E.S. 1973. Storage studies on calamansi fruits. II. chemical changes. BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract The effects of temperature, maturity, wax treatment and application of growth regulators on

soluble solids, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid of calamansi fruits were studied under refrigerated

conditions. Soluble solids increased in green fruits and decreased in yellow fruit with time. Similarly,

soluble solids increased as the temperature increased. Between Ethephon ad Gibberellic Acid 3, the

former produced more soluble solids than the latter. On the other hand, titratable acidity decreased

as storage temperature decreased, while ascorbic acid decreased with increase in storage

temperature. Wax treatment and GGA3 slowed down loss of titratable acid and ascorbic acid. This

loss was greater in green fruits than in yellow fruits.

00049 Data, A.C. 1998. Shelf stability evaluation of 'florafresh' a flower preservative. BS Thesis, University of


Abstract

An experiment was conducted from June to October 1997 to determine the shelf stability of

'Florafresh' flower preservative and to compare its effect on the vaselife, visual quality and water

uptake of cut roses at different holding temperatures. Storage temperature did not significantly

affect the potency of 'Florafresh' as reflected in the visual quality rating (VQR), vaselife and water

uptake of cut roses. Vaselife of cut roses held at ambient lasts longer when placed freshly prepared

to 3 months old 'Florefresh', while 4 month old 'Florafresh' lasts longer when held at 20°C. Visual

quality rating of flowers held in 'Florafresh' was significantly superior over the control. On the

average, control flowers reached thei limit marketability (VQR 4) before the end of the fourth day,

while cut roses held in 'Florafresh' was in good condition until the end of day six. 'Florafresh' was still

effective even after four months of storage ambient or at 20°C. The different holding solution did not

affect the amount of water uptake of cut roses.

00050 Davis, J.L. 1979. Diffusion hole technique for modified atmosphere storage of avocados. BS Thesis,


Abstract

The effects of the thickness of films (0.05 and 0.06 mm) and number of diffusion holes (0, 4, 8,

16, 32 and perforated) on carbon dioxide, oxygen and ethylene level, storage life, and quality of

"Purple" and "Green" avocados were determined under modified atmosphere. Measurements of

CO2, O2, and C2H4 levels, observation of physiological disorders and ripening changes were made.

The results indicated that the sealed polyethylene bags accumulated higher levels of CO2 and C2H4

in thicker films than thinner ones. Oxygen levels were likewise lowest in thicker sealed polyethylene

films. Different number of diffusion holes affected significantly the gas composition during the 11 and

13 days storage period of "Purple" and "Green" avocados, respectively. The interaction of these two

factors on the level of the different gases affected the storage life and quality of fruits. Increased

ripening as indicated by high total soluble solids, low firmness, and natural color development, were

observed on both types of avocados. Physiological disorders observed were symptoms carbon

dioxide injury, discoloration and softening of the mesocarp and browning of the vascular bundles.

00051 Deanon, C.J. 1979. Light intensity and nutrition interaction on flowering of "quilted pink" african

violets. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 60 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

The effect of light intensity and phosphorus nutrition interaction on the flowering of african

violets was evaluated. There was four light intensity treatments combined with four nutrition

treatments. There was no significant difference in the vegetative development among the means of

the treatments. Significant differences in the number and length of inflorescence stalks, average

percentage opened flowers and flower diameter were obtained among the different treatments. For

the flower development, plants treated with 20-20-1- and 20-10-10 at light intensities of 400 fc and

500 fc responded best compared with other treatments.

00052 De Pedro, C.B. 1995. Development and processing of spiced green mango using three cultivars of

Mangifera indica Linn. for the Filipino consumers. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los


Abstract

From the reformulation and packaging of mango chutney using three cultivars of Mangifera

indica Linn. ( Carabao, Pico and Katchamitha ) for the Filipino consumers, spiced green mango was

developed and processed. The effect of the cultivar was determined as well as the approprite

working condition. Sensory evaluation showed that vinegar combined with green mangoes had a very

strong and objectionable sourness. Thus, vinegar was eliminated and it was found that the innate

sources of the mango used. The use of clove buds makes the aroma mellow and desirable. Garlic,

onions, raisins, and chili powder makes the product full and flavourful. Also soft texture was found to

be unacceptable. A test using 0.17% Ca Cl @ as firming agent gave no significant improvement after 3

hours. Fermentation and browning occurred after 24 hours. Size alteration was also done and it

showed that the green mango strips with smaller cross sectional area are the most firm but are still

limp. Sprinkling a generous amount of rock salt to the mango strips before cooking resulted to

osmotic dehydration which made the texture firm and crunchy. Among the three cultivars,

Katchamitha is best for this product because it is the crunchiest and its lack pf sourness cannot be

standardized as it is highly dependent on maturity. Processing for 15 minutes in boiling water bath is

sufficient in making the product stable after one year of storage at room temperature but it also

results to softening. Since pH ranges from 2.7 to 3.1 and total soluble solid is more than 30 brix, the

product may just be hot filled.

00053 Del Castillo, E.M.M. 1983. Vaselife extension of anthurium flowers (Anthurium andreamumcvs.

Baguio White, Duangsmorn, Kaumana, and Nitta). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los


Abstract

The effects of different holding solutions, namely: distilled water, combination of 1 percent

sucrose and 200 ppm hydroxyquinoline sulfate (HQS) with either 300 ppm of ascorbic acid, citric acid,

aluminum sulfate or sodium benzoate on vaselife and weight loss of anthurium flowers (cvs.

Duangsmorn, Nitta, Kaumana and Baguio White) were evaluated. In another experiment, the effects

of antitranspirants, "Shellac" and "Primafresh" wax, on vaselife and weight loss of anthurium flowers

(cvs. Kaumana and Nitta) using distilled water and citric acid as holding solutions were also

determined. in general, all the holding solutions neither improved vaselife nor decreased weight loss.

However, the holding solution containing sodium benzoate, improved vaselife and decreased weight

loss of the cultivar Baguio White, when compared to those held in distilled water. There was a

significant interaction between cultivar and holding solution as regards vaselife and weight loss of cut

anthurium flowers. The use of antitranspirants and holding solutions significantly decreased mean

vaselife and significantly increased mean weight loss of anthurium flowers (cvs. Kaumana and Nitta).

However, antitranspirants improved visual appearance of the flowers especially "Shellac" when

applied to the spathe.

00054 Del Rosario, M.L.V.G. 1998. Flower induction in Spathyphyllum 'Mauna Loa'. BS Thesis, University of


Abstract

A study on the flower induction of Spathiphyllum 'Mauna Loa' was conducted using growth

regulators such as gibberellic acid and benzyladenine under two different shade levels. The

appearance of flower buds was observed to be most favorable under 75% shade irrespective of

treatments. Application of 500 ppm of gibberellic acid markedly increased inflorescence emergence

at 50% shade and 100% flowering at 75% at 13 weeks after treatment. The addition of benzyladenine

at 25 ppm induced earlier flower initiation of all the plants at 12 weeks, increased the average flower

production to 1.13 flowers per plant. However, benzyladenine did not reduce the incidence of the

deformed flowers produced. Plants kept at 75% shade and treated with 500 ppm gibberellic acid and

25 or 50 ppm benzyladenine had wider leaves than those at 50% shade.

00055 Del Rosario, R.P. 1974. Storage studies on calamansi fruits. IV. Respiration. BS Thesis, University of


00056 Del Valle, M.S. 1995. Physio-chemical basis of endogenous brown spot development in pineapple

(Ananascomosus cv. Queen). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.


Abstract

Storage of 'Queen' pineapple at temperature 18°C and below predispose the fruits to develop

endogenous brown spot (EBS). Changes in total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acids (TA) and levels of

gases, phenolic compounds and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity accompany the development of

EBS. There was a delay in peel color development during low temperature storage but upon exposure

to high temperature (28°C) an increased rate was observed which was higher than the control

(ambient storage). The visual quality rating (VQR) of the fruits was initially high ahd remained stable

during cold storage but a faster rate of senescence and deteriorative changes was manifested during

transfer to ambient temperature. Weight loss incurred during cold storage ranged from 0.34% to

0.69% but this range increased upon exposure of fruits to ambient temperature following cold

storage. Total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) decreased coincident with EBS

development. There was no change in pH during storage. Total phenols and polyphenol oxidase

(PPO) in fruits subjected to low temperature storage showed increasing levels and activity,

respectively, which corresponded to EBS development and severity.

00057 Dinulos, A.L.M. 1982. Levels of lead in the groundwater land in the leaves of the vegetable Ipomoea

aquatica from Laguna. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 55


Abstract

Analysis of lead in groundwater and in the leaves of a vegetable, Ipomoea aquatica showed

concentration that varied according to location. Mean concentration of lead in drinking water ranged

from .0007-.0027 ppm with highest population mean concentration of lead at .0022 ppm while the

lowest was .0008 ppm. Comparison of the population mean concentration of lead from different

stations showed a general increase in lead concentration with proximity to the highway. Analysis of

variance showed that variations in lead concentrations due to stations and sampling dates were

significant at 95 percent level of confidence. Levels of lead in drinking water were very much below

the maximum permissible level and maybe considered negligible and insignificant. The levels found

for the leaves of Ipomoea aquantica fell within the natural level of lead in vegetation. Highest mean

lead concentration was 4.26 ppm while the lowest was 1.46 ppm. The middle leaf portions contained

the highest levels of lead with population mean concentration at 2.84 and 2.96 ppm for the first and

second sampling, respectively. Generally, an inverse relationship between levels of lead in the leaves

of Ipomoea aquatic and proximity to the highway was found. Variation in lead concentrations due to

sampling stations and leaf portions of the plant were significant at 95 percent level of confidence.

However, variations in lead concentrations due to time of collection of samples were found to be

insignificant at 95 percent confidence level.

00058 Domingo, A.N. 1997. Production and management of selected foliage plants in Los Baños, Laguna. BS


Abstract

The off-campus phase of the major practice program was conducted in the Municipality of Los

Banos in two separate barangays, namely San Antonio and Maahas from November 1996 to February

1997. Seven small-scale farms involved in the production of five selected aroid species (Aglaonema

spp., Dieffenbachia spp., Philodendron spp., Spathiphyllum spp., and Syngonium spp.) were

considered for this study. Through direct participation, observation, and dialogues with the growers,

the different production practices and cultural management of the foliage plants were documented.

Regardless of the size of the production areas, the different farms employ similar methods of culture,

production, management, and marketing practices. Problems encountered were recognized and

appropriate solutions were recommended.

00059 Durana, G.A. 2002. Production and management of orchids at Green Land, Sampaloc, Sariaya,

Quezon. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 69 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

The major practice was conducted at Excellent Laboratory in FC Farm in Barangay Gulang-Gulang

Lucena City and at Green Land in Barangay Sampaloc II, Sariaya Quezon from December 2001 to

February 2002, inclusive. Production and management operations of orchids were given focus.

Orchids were mainly propagated through micropropagation/tissue culture. Knudson C was the

inorganic based medium used in micropropagation. For embryo culture, 0.07%-0.10% agar and 0.50%

tomato puree were added; for shoots/meristem and inflorescence culture 0.07%-0.10% agar, 1 ppm

BA and 1 ppm kinetin were added; while reflasking medium was added with 0.07%-0.10% agar and 2

ppm NAA. Every Tuesdays and Thursdays, pollination and collection of shoots and inflorescence and

immature seed pods were done. Micropropagation and reflasking was done everyday except

Saturdays, which was the schedule for general cleaning.Seedlings ready for deflasking were brought

to Green Land for compotting (community potting). Compots were not readily watered or fertilized

(it has enough nutrients enough to support its requirements) for less than a week. After 3-4 months,

seedlings were individually plaved in Triple 0. Another 3-4 months and the seedlings were

transplanted in pot #3, then after a few months, the plants were ready for sale. Established orchid

plants were fertilized weekly with foliar fertilizer (every three months using slow release fertilizer).

Watering was done between 7-8 in the morning and 3-4 in the afternoon, though sometimes it is

necessary to water at midday during summer days. Green Land brings their products at Country

Flower Farm and Garden World (affiliate companies) where whole plants and cutflowers were sold to

walk-in clients (direct buyers), others were sent to their buyers who order whole or cutflowers.

Marketing strategies involved joining garden shows/exhibits and sponsoring such activities.

00060 Esguerra, E.B. 1977. Effect of waxing and storage conditions on the storage life of ginger (Zingiber

officinale). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 57 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

The effect of waxing and storage conditions on the storage life of ginger rhizomes was

determined using the following parameters: respiration rate, percentage weight loss, starch, sugar,

crude fiber content and visual quality index. Ginger rhizomes kept in cold storage respired less and

lost loss weight. Waxing also produced similar results regardless of the conditions in which the

rhizomes were stored but was more effective under cold storage condition. Tag was the most

effective coating used, followed by Prima Fresh. Percentage starch, sugar and crude fiber content

during the first 2 months and visual quality index after 2 months were not significantly affected by

storage conditions and waxing. Apparently, the differences were still not great enough to be noted

visually. Grade fiber content was unaffected by storage conditions but was decreased by waxing. The

percentage weight loss, starch and crude fiber content significantly increased with time regardless off

waxing and storage conditions while the respiration rate and visual quality decreased. There was no

significant change in the sugar content of the rhizomes with time.

00061 Espanto, L.H. 1984. Handling, storage and ripening of "Saba" (Musa spp.). BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract

The specific steps in the traditional postharvest handling of `Saba' were documented from

information obtained by distributing questionnaires to farmers of Putho, Los Baños, Laguna. This was

done to compare their usual practice with methods designed on the basis of the results obtained

from earlier studies on bananas conducted at the ASEAN Postharvest Horticulture Training and

Research Center. Transport experiments showed that the biggest volume of `Saba' hands can be

conveyed at any one time by carrying the fruits in clusters attached to ends of a bamboo pole

("pingga") compared to using either the "kaing" or a wooden crate. Mechanical damage in the

clusters is minimal, and the "kaing" and wooden crate, therefore do not offer an additional

advantage in terms of protection against injury. The cluster method is also the least costly. Ripening

can be equally enhanced by exposing the fruits to CaC2 in drums or sacks or by dipping them in 5000

ppm ethephon solution. Visual quality and weight loss for all treated fruits were essentially the same;

untreated fruit generally exhibited the slowest weight loss and lower deterioration of visual quality.

00062 Estigoy, R.P. 1983. Farm level storage of onion using sawdust as bed material. BS Thesis, University of


Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effectivity of the thickness of sawdust as bed

material for onion bulbs. There were four treatments, namely 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5

centimeters sawdust which were replicated three times. Observations were done every fifteen days

until the shelf life of onion was reached. The results showed that the storing of onions at various

depths of sawdust as bed material had significant effect on the storage life of onion bulbs. Results

also revealed that the thickness of sawdust has no effect on the sproutability of onion bulbs when

stored. The treatment with sawdust depth of 7.55 cm resulted to the longest storage life of onion

bulbs.

00063 Estipona, J.L. 1986. Minimum concentration of ethephon for ripening of tomatoes. BS Thesis,


Abstract

Green mature 'Improved Pope' tomatoes were dipped in Ethephon at high concentration for ten

minutes ( 1250 ppm, 2500 ppm, and 3750 ppm ) and at low concentrations ( 250 ppm and 500 ppm )

for one and three hours dipping periods. For a ten minute dip, 1250 ppm was an effective as the

higher concentrations with no decrease in quality of the fruits. When the dipping period was

extended to one or three hours 250 ppm and 500 ppm still accelerated ripening, with 500 ppm being

more effective as three hours. Quality of the fruits was unaffected but the rate of weight loss was

significantly lower in the Ethephon-treated fruits relative to the control. Ethephon treatments at all

concentrations increased CO2 and ethylene production compared with the control.

00064 Eusebio, S.A. 1985. Determination of the labor requirement to produce a crop of mums. BS Thesis,


Abstract

The University of the Philippines at Los Baños offered a major practice program to students. The

program consisted of 2 phases: on-campus, which provided the student exposure to practical farm

situations which enabled her to integrate acquired theoretical knowledge in horticulture. A study to

determine the labor requirement in producing a crop of mums showed that about 159.7 man-days

are needed for every 1,000 sq.m. of production area or 24,000 plants. The monetary value of this

labor is about P4,411.88 which is equivalent to P3.45 per hour. maintenance operations had the

highest requirement and cost of 52.9 man-days and P1,460.04 respectively. Other operations which

resulted to high labor requirements and costs were defoliation, transplanting, and packing.

00065 Farcon, E.B. 1977. Changes in crude fibers, sugar, and starch contents of ginger treated with fungicide

and stored at different temperatures. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,


Abstract

Starch, sugar and fiberr contents of the "Hawaiian" cultivar were analyzed to determine the

effects of the different storage temperatures, length of storage and fungicide treatments on the

quality of the rhizomes. The chemical analysis was done at the Department of Horticulture, U.P. at

Los Baños from March, 1976 to February 1977. Starch content of the ginger rhizomes increased with

an increase in temperature from 45-50°F (7.22-10°C) to 55-60°F (12.78-15.56°C) while fiber content

decreased and sugars (total and reducing) were unaffected. fungicide treatments did not affect the

four constituents. With the exception of fiber content, all the other constituents tended to decrease

with time.

00066 Ferino, M.A.B. 1993. Rose production and management at Puyat Farm, Baguio City. BS Thesis,


Abstract The off campus major practice was conducted in a 1,945.1 sq m rose major production area at

puyat far, Baguio city. The farm operation for rose growing such as land preparation, cutting,

budding, planting/ transplanting, irrigation fertilization, weeding, spraying, pruning, pinching

disbudding, harvesting bunching, packaging and marketing were performed. A farm requires a total

cost of P 16,179.00 to produce 2,500 plants in a 500 sq m of land area, Problems encountered in the

farm were identified and feasible solutions were recommended.

00067 Fernandez, R.T. 1981. Effect of three potting media on the growth and flowering of chrysanthemum

(C. morifolium cv. Illini Trophy) under natural and extended day lengths. BS Thesis, University of


Abstract

Soil ammendments consisting of ricehull, sawdust and hog manure were used for preparing

potting media for chrysanthemum plants grown under natural daylength and under long day

condition. Ammendments did not alte the vegetative growth of potted chrysanthemums. However,

larger crown flower diameter were produced when these artificial media mixtures were used.

Irrespective of the type of media used, plants exposed to long day condition had greater vegetative

growth in terms of height, stem diameter and leaf number. Differences in leaf size were not

statistically significant compared to plants exposed to natural daylength. The most significant effect

of long day exposure was the enhancement of more uniform flower initiation and development. By

using hog manure, sawdust and ricehull as soil amendment, media weight may be reduced 32

percent, 50 percent and 66 percent respectively without any detrimental effect on the flowering

behavior of potted chrysanthemums.

00068 Fernandez, L.C. 2000. Techno-managerial assessment of a UPLB-developed technology: the case of

PHTRC ethylene absorbent for banana and papaya. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los


00069 Flores, F.D. 1990. Report on practical training at the Postharvest Horticultural Training and Research

Center, UPLB. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 149 leaves.

(unpublished)

00070 Flores, N.B. 1980. The use of liners in the packaging of chayote. BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract

A survey on packaging and transport of chayote was conducted in a selected barrio in Nagcarlan,

Laguna, before an experiment was conducted using different liners in the packaging of chayote to

determine their effects on quality. four types of packages were used: "bangkil", bamboo crate or

kaing, sacks and bags in the order of their preference. Of the liners used, banana leaves was the next

popular, followed by "bingobing" leaves. Polyethylene film, gabi leaves and newspaper were also

used. In transporting their produce from the farm to the house, 41 percent used animal power, 36

percent combination of both man and animal-power and 23 percent, man-power but from the house

to the market, 80 percent used motor vehicle and the remaining 20 percent used animal-power. In

transporting chayote in kaings to a total distance of 65 kms, polyethylene film was the most effective

liner in reducing percent injury, followed by newspaper, then by banana leaves. They also minimized

chlorophyll degradation and quality deterioration. Results show that during subsequent storage at

ambient temperature as during transport, polyethylene film, newspaper and banana leaves ranked

first, second and third respectively in maintaining the shelf-life of chayote.

00071 Flores, T.T. 1976. Effect of polyethylene packages on storage of bananas. BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract

Green, unripe `Bungulan' banana fruits were stored in perforated and non-perforated

polyethylene bags of different thickness and contents and held at ambient temperatures. Non-

perforated bags extended the storage life of the fruits regardless of the contents and thickness used.

The desirable carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration inside the polyethylene bags was attained

shortly after storage and must have brought about the observed lower pulp-to-peel ratio, slower

color development, firmer fruits with lower total soluble solids and lower stem-end rot incidence

after seven days of storage.

00072 Francisco, G.D. 1999. Controlled atmospheres storage of 'queen' pineapple (Anana comosus (L.)

Merrill) fruits. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 38 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract The study was undertaken to determine the potential of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage to extend the postharvest life of 'Queen' pineapple. CA was established using the combinations of O2 and CO2 serving as treatments: T1=air or 21% O2+0.03% CO2, T2=100% O2+15% CO2 and T3=100%

O2+7% CO2. The fruits were stored at 13°C and evaluated after twenty days for various quality attributes such as: peel color, weight loss, visual quality, severity of chilling injury, chemical changes, and sensory quality. Peel color development was delayed in 100% O2+7% CO2 (T3). Visual quality ratings (VQR) and weight loss were not significantly different among treatments although VQR in fruits at T3 was high. Although chilling injury was observed in all treatments after 20 days of storage, T3 fruits exhibited least severity. The total soluble solids (TSS) of pineapple fruits increased with storage while the titratable acidity and pH did not show any consistent trend. fruits in T1 and T3 had higher TSS than T2. Fruits subjected to high CO2 whether 7% or 15% showed lower titratable acidity compared to those stord in air. The sensory attibuts did not significantly differ among treatments. However, panelists scored fruits in t3 higher in terms of general accepatablity or hedonic rating.Results of this study showed that a CA atmosphere of 1005 O2+7% CO2 was effective in delaying the yellowing of peel and maintaining the quality of 'Queen' pineapple fruits.

00073 Garcia, C.S. 2004. Landscape maintenance operations in selected landscaped sites at Ayala,

Greenbelt, Makati. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 89 leaves.

(unpublished)

00074 Garcia, J.L. 1976. Effects of ultra violet light on storage of banana. BS Thesis, University of the

Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 8, [11] leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

`Bungulan' and `Dwarf Cavendish' bananas of different maturity were subjected to varying

periods of ultra violet (UV) light treatments to determine the effect on respiration, soluble solids,

firmness and color development. Ultra violet light was effective in delaying ripening of fully mature

`Dwarf Cavendish' fruits after 4 days on a daily four-hour exposure. Respiration rate was lower than

the control and color change was likewise slower. Data on soluble solids and firmness further

supported the benefit that may be derived from four-hour daily exposure to ultra violet light treated.

Fully-mature `Bungulan' banana did not respond well to UV light treatment. However, light 3/4 full

fruits lasted for 23 days on a daily four-hour exposure period compared to 15 days of the control.

00075 Garcia, T.B. 1979. Respiration, quality and ethylene production of three winged bean varieties stored

at various temperatures. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 23


Abstract

Three winged bean varieties (TPT-2, TPT-l4 and Pangasinan Medium) of the same maturity were

carefully selected and stored at different temperatures (5,l0, l5 and 20°C). Respiration rate, ethylene

evolution and quality index were determined. Both of the `TPTs' were found to have longer shelf life

at all temperatures and less sensitive to chilling injury than `Pangasinan Medium' at 5 and l0°C. Pods

kept longest at 15°C. There are slight differences in the respiration rate and ethylene evolution of

the pods at different temperatures during storage. At 5 and l5°C, both were steady except on the 8th

day where respiration rate increased at 5°C. At l0°C, ethylene evolution increased while respiration

rate decreased abruptly on the 3rd and then increased at the 8th and l0th day. Respiration rate and

ethylene evolution both declined with time at 20°C, but while respiration rate levelled off, ethylene

evolution increased at the l6th day. Among varieties, differences in respiration rate and ethylene

evolution were great. Respiration rate and ethylene evolution of `TPT-2' were greater than both

1TPT-14' and `Pangasinan Medium'.

00076 Garganta, J.C. 2005. Extending the postharvest life of bittergourd (Momordica charantia L.) through

modified atmosphere packaging, BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,


Abstract

Bittergourd (c.v galaxy) fruits were sealed in different plastic films [Polyethylene bag (PEB),

polyvinylchloride, polypropylene and zeolite-coated film] to determine the suitable packaging

material under ambient condition. The effects of diffusion holes and ethylene adsorbent were also

studied. Fruits sealed in PEB had the highest quality among the fruits sealed in plastic film. Sealing

the fruits in plastic films effectively reduced weight loss. Shrivelling, and softening of fruits but

development of several diseases were enhanced. Bitter gourd placed in PEB with 4 pinpricks

containing 2 fruits (500-600 g) had the best quality. Yellowing of fruits was retarded at the same time

disease development was lowered compared to other treatment under Modified Atmosphere

condition. Ethylene adsorbent (KMnO4) was used to lower the ethylene level inside PEB. Lower

ethylene level was observed in sealed PEB with KMnO4 than in perforated PEB with the same amount

of KMnO4. Yellowing of fruit was more rapid in perforated than in sealed PEB. The amount of KMnO4

had no significant effect on the level of ethylene inside the bag during four days of in storage. Control

fruits (exposed) generally had a marketable life of two days at ambient condition. The fruits remained

edible for two more days. Fruits sealed in PEB with ethylene adsorbent (KMnO4) remained

marketable for four days inside the bag and edible for one more day after removal from the bag.

00077 Garrovillas, E.R. 1986. Economic analysis of public cold storage facilities: food terminal incorporated-

central refrigerated warehouse case. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,


Abstract

An economic analysis of the Food Terminal Incorporated-Central Refrigerated Warehouse (FTI-

CRW) was conducted in order to assess its operational and economic efficiency. Specifically, this

study aimed to (1) identify the capacity utilization and storage practices of the Food Terminal

Incorporated-Central Refrigerated Warehouse; (2) determine the extent of storage losses; (3)

determine the cost and returns of operating the Food Termimal Incorporated-Central Refrigerated

Warehouse; (4) determine the factors affecting th estorage cost for selected agricultural products;

and (5) assess the operational problems involved in the Food Terminal Incorporated Central

Refrigerated Warehouse and recommend possible improvements. Results of the study showed that

the FTI-CRW stored different commodities ranging from food items to non-food items that come

frrom government institutions, private institutions/individuals, and exporters/importers. It was

observed that majority of the goods were food items (82%) and the remaining 18%, non-food items.

It was also found that most of the commodities came from private institutions (83%), government

institutions (7%), private individuals (1%), and exporters/importers (10%). The length of storage

varied according to the type and market prospective of the goods. Non-food items were stored at a

longer period than food items. This was due to the highly perishable nature of food items. Fruits/

vegetables were stored for six months; dairy/ poultry products, 8 months; and, concentrated juices 7

months. Storage fees such as warehousing rates, plug-in rates and overtime rates had increased

considerably every year. The only rates that did not change from 1983 to 1985 were handling fee,

onion storage fee and dry storage fee. Capacity utilization of chillers and freezers was very much way

below their maximum capacity. The average per cent capacity of chiller and freezer sections

increeased over the years but maximum utilization was not attained. This observation attributed to

the failure of the management to strengthen the marketing tie-ups with hte consuming and

producing public. Food items contributed to the bulk storage losses of the facility due to spoilage.

Among the food item,s stored, fruits/vegetables which were highly perishable accounted for 17% of

the storage losse. Storage losses, however decllined from 22% in 1983 to 10% in 1985. The FTI-CRW

experienced a substantial profit as revealed by its income statement during this year 1985. The net

income of the facility was P3,275,004.75, while the incurred storage cost for the period amounted

P392,160.54.

00078 Gaston, Ma. H.D. 1987. Vase life extension on gladiolus sp. cv. "Red Japanese". BS Thesis, University


Abstract

This study consisted of 2 parts. In Experiment 1, the effect of storage and sugar pulsing with or

without alar, on the rate of opening of gladiolus spikes cv Red Japanese were studied. Pulsing with

10% sucrose did not have a significant effect, however, alar slowed down the rate of opening of the

spikes. The 2 best treatments obtained were those unpulsed and treated with alar regardless of the

length of storage. Experiment 2 evaluated the post storage of pulsed and unpulsed spikes with or

witout alar. The best treatment was the one opened with alar. This shows that alar slowed down the

opening of the florets. Therefore, the use of alar to extend Gladiolus vaselife is recommended.

However, further studies on alar concentrations and proportions to be used should also be

performed to obtain much better results.

00079 Gutierrez, Ma. L.V. 1980. Effect of size, internodal and nodal cutting, concentration of IBA and

Hormek on rooting of Arachnis Maggie Oei. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,


Abstract Treatment of Arachnis Maggie Oei cuttings with IBA or Hormex increased the number of rooted

cuttings as well as the speed of root initiation. IBA was particularly effective at 4000 ppm. Without

hormone treatment, 6-node cuttings are better than 4-node cuttings. Between the two growth

regulators used, IBA was generally better than Hormex especially when used on international

cuttings at a concentration of 400 ppm. There was no apparent difference between nodal and

internodal cuttings when rooted in the absence of growth regulator treatment.

00080 Gutierrez, R.L. 1993. Cytology of Mokara 'CharkKuan': a trigeneric hybrid. BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract The emeiotic behavior of the chromosome of Mokara was studied. High frequency of chromosome abnormalities like laggards, non-congression, bridges and polyspore formation were obsreved in meiosis I and II. Karyotype analysis showed a chromosome number of 3n=37, indicaitne poor homology of parental chromosome. Pollen fertility test revealed a low percentage of fertile pollen. Pollen grains exhibited a great variability in size and shape. A very low percentage of pollen grains were germinated. Hence, pollen tubes were highly abnormal. This confirms the hybrid nature

of Mokara as a male sterile. 00081 Hernandez, A.B. 2005. Kinetic studies of ethylene oxidation by potassium permanganate adsorbed on

various carriers. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 128 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract The ethylene scrubbing efficiency and stability of three KMnO4-carrier mixtures were studied, namely rice hull ash, coconut coir dust and lahar ash. The kinetic order (n) with respect to ethylene of the reaction between C2H4 and KMnO4 was equal to 1.35 ± 0.39, 1.46 ± 1.09 and 0.84 ± 0.18 for rice hull ash-based scrubber, coconut coir dust-based and lahar ash-based, respectively. Rate constants, k’ and k, were calculated based on pseudo-first order kinetics. The ethylene scrubbing efficiency was evaluated using the calculated k’ and k, i.e., the permanganate-dependent and intrinsic rate constants, respectively. It was found out that 0.04 M was the optimum KMnO4 concentration for scrubbing ethylene with rate constant k’ values of 0.0216 ± 0.0020 min

-1, 0.0085 ± 0.0015 min

-1 and

0.0127 ± 0.0003 min-1

for rice hull ash-based scrubber, coconut coir dust-based scrubber and lahar ash-based scrubber, respectively. Rice hull ash was found to be the most effective carrier for the ethylene scrubber followed by lahar ash and then coconut coir dust. Lahar-ash based scrubber had the highest k value of 8.12 ± 0.75 g carrier-min

-1/g KMnO4, followed by rice hull ash-based scrubber

with 2.28 ± 0.21 g carrier-min-1

/g KMnO4 and coconut coir dust-based scrubber with o0.21 ± 0.04 g

carrier-min-1

/g KMnO4 at 0.04 M KMnO4. At the same KMnO4 loading the lahar ash-based scrubber,

was more efficient followed by rice hull ash-based scrubber and coconut coir dust-based scrubber, The ethylene scrubbing efficiency can be better described by the permanganate-dependent rate constant, k’ (rate constant per g KMnO4). Therefore, the most efficient scrubber was the rice hull ash-based scrubber, followed by the lahar ash-based scrubber and coconut coir dust-based scrubber. The scrubber stability was determined by measuring how much the rate constants, k’ and k of the scrubbers change with time. It was found that the lahar ash-based scrubber had the fastest decrease in k’ and k with time with slopes of-5.93x10

-4 and -0.471, respectively, followed by the coconut coir

dust-based scrubber with corresponding slopes of -2.57x10-4 and -0.007. On the other hand, rice hull

ash-based scrubber had a slope of almost 0 for both rate constants. The zero or less negative slope indicated scrubber stability; therefore, the most stable scrubber was the rice hull ash-based scrubber followed by the coconut coir dust-based scrubber and the least stable was the lahar ash-based scrubber.

00082 Hojilla, J.O. 1997. An analysis of the profitability of selected cutflowers in Cavite, 1995. BS Thesis,


Abstract

This study aimed to study to analyze the profitability of cutflower production in the province of

Cavite. Statistical random sampling was utilized in selecting the 36 sample cutflower growers in this

study consisting of 18 commercial and 18 backyard cutflower growers. Descriptive and statistical

methods were used in this study. The T-test of means was conducted to test the hypothesis that

there was a significant difference in the mean annual net returns per 100-sq.m. between commercial

and backyard farms. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to determine if there were

significant differences in the mean annual net were returns per 100-sq.m. among cutflower species

and among cutflower cultivars of each cutflower species. Regression analysis were conducted to

determine effects of selected factors such as material cost, fixed capital investment, labor cost,

cultivars, cold storage, and market outlet on the profitability of cutflower production in Cavite. Per

farm and per 100-sq.m. regression models were estimated. For the per farm regression model, farm

area devoted to cutflower production was included as explanatory variable. Results of the study

showed that there were significant differences in the mean annual net returns per 100-sq.m.

between farm types, among cutflower species, and among cutflower cultivars of the different

cutflower species. Findings of the study also revealed that factors which significantly influenced the

profitablity of cutflower production in Cavite for the per farm regression model were material cost,

labor cost, and cold storage practice. On the other hand, all the explanatory variables included in the

per 100-sq.m. regression model were found to have no significant effects on the profitability of

cutflower production in the province. Government support in terms of seminars on cutflower

production and postharvest handling practices by the Department of Agriculture was very minimal.

Considering that many of the cutflower growers lacked financial resources especially for pest and

disease control, pest and disease infectation was a major problem of the cutfllower growers in the

province.

00083 Ira, M.T. 1996. The response of dry- packed stored roses to critical high temperature exposure. BS

Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted on two cut rose cultivars, 'Dallas and Baguio Red' to determine

their critical high temperature (CHT) and to characterize the physical and physiological changes in

rose flowers exposed to CHT and hyperthermal temperatures. Temperature effects on roses is a

function of temperature and time of exposure. It is the time which cause irreversible cell damage or

death. The CHT obtained were 37.5°C and 42.5°C for the cultivar 'Baguio Red' and 'Dallas',

respectively. Weight loss, respiration rate, opening of petal index (OPI), visual quality rating (VQR)

and ethylene production increased relative to thr control in flowers subjected to the CHT. Water

uptake, however, decreased relative to the control. The applicability of ion leakage as a predictive

tool for determining temperature-stress related responses of cut roses has been successfully

demonstrated.

00084 Javellana, J.M.D. 1995. Effect of four commercial foliar fertilizers on growth and flowers production

of three anthurium cultivars. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.


Abstract

An experiment was conducted to determine wether the nutritional needs of anthurium could be

satisfied solely with foliar fertilization. Of the four foliar fertilizers compared, Albatros was the best

followed by Algafer, Wuxal amd Vitagro. Plants treated with Albatros foliar fertilizer produced the

most number of suckers and highest N, P, and K concentrations. Highest Mg concentrations were

observed in Wuxal treated plants and the control. Suckers treated with Albatros and Algafer

produced the most number of leaves while suckers treated with Albatros, Algafer and Wuxal

maintained the most number of leaves. Foliar Analysis showed that N, P, K, Ca and Mg were all within

the range reported to be sufficient for anthurium. This is generally true for all the four foliar fertilizers

used in this study.

00085 Juaneza, M.U. 2004. Enhancement of rooting in mussaenda (Mussaenda sp.) by inoculation with

plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,


Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Plant Growth Promoting

Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in enhancing rooting in stem and tip cuttings of Mussaenda such as ‘Doña Eva’

(a hard-to-root cultivar) and ‘Queen Sirikit’ (an easy-to-root cultivar). The treatments used in the

experiment were 15-minutes dip in 100 ppm IBA, dip in Modified Quickroot powder (containing 100

ppm IAA), 15-miuntes dip in PGPR inoculants BTToRe and TceRe 37w and the control. Treatment of

cuttings with IBA (100 ppm) was found to be the most effective in enhancing the rooting

performance of Doña Eva in terms of the parameters length of longest root, length of root zone and

root quality rating. Cuttigns treated with PGPR also resulted in better rooting comparable to that

achieved when Modified Quickroot (100 ppm IAA) was used, although not as good as IBA (100 ppm).

No significant differences in percent rooting, length of root zone and root quality rating were

achieved in rooting of ‘Queen Sirikit’ medial stem cuttings using different treatments and control. For

tip cuttings, PGPRs BTToRe and TceRe 37 w obtained significant effects on mean root length and root

quality rating. Therefore PGPR could be used to enhance rooting of ‘Doña Eva’ stem cuttings and

‘Queen Sirikit’ tip cuttings but not in medial stem cuttings. PGPRs had the same effect as modified

Quickroot (100 ppm IAA) hence, these PGPRs could replace 100 ppm commercial IAA. The use of

PGPRs could also be of some advantage since their ability to colonize in the rhizosphere and in the

root itself could cause long-term benefits such as production of natural PGRs , and protection of

plants from disease-causing microorganisms.

00086 Labios, E.V. 1978. Effect of succinic and 2, -dimethyl hydrazide (SADE) on the quality of ginger

(Zingiber officinale Roscoe) during ambient storage. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los


Abstract

Different concentrations of succinic acid Z, P-dimethyl hydrazide (SADE) were applied on ginger

rhizomes before and after curing to determine their effects on sprouting, weight loss, respiration

rate, starch, sugar, crude fiber and visual quality. Curing was done by spreading the rhizomes for

seven days under an open shed with temperatures ranging from 26.1°C to 30.0°C and relative

humidity of 60 to 90 percent. At 1,000 ND 2,000 ppm, significant reductions on the amount and

length of sprouts, and high visual quality were observed. Lower weight loss and respiration rate were

also obtained at these concentrations. Starch, sugar and fiber content were unaffected. SADH

treatment before curing was more effective in maintaining quality than when applied after curing.

The amount of sprouts and weight loss increased with time regardless of treatment. Visual quality

also declined significantly at subsequent observation periods.

00087 Lalap, Divine L. 2012. Retardation of ripening in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Cv Diamante

Maxima) fruit with 1-methylcyclopropene. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,


Abstract

1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an antagonist of ethylene action and has been reported to

retard or prevent ripening of climacteric fruits. This study was conducted to assess the physic-

chemical and physiological changes of tomatoes treated with varying concentrations of 1-MCP either

in gaseous or aqueous for at different exposure periods or dipping durations.Reduction in the

respiration rates during the early stages of ripening was observed in fruits treated with 250 and 1000

ppb 1-MCP for 12 or 24 hours. Attainment of the respiratory climacteric was also delayed with

application of 250 and 1000 ppb 1-MCP. On the other hand, treatment with 250 to 500 ppb 1-MCP in

gaseous form for 12 hours at ambient conditions (31-40°C) significantly delayed peel color

development in tomatoes for 10 days. Loss of firmness was also delayed with 500 1-MCP applied for

12 hours. Visual quality rating, shrivelling cumulative weight loss, total soluble solid content (TSS),

titratable acidity (TA) and pH (at the table ripe stage) were not significantly altered by 1-MCP

treatment. Treatment with aqueous 1-MCP did not have any significant effect in retarding peel color

change to tomato fruits, cumulative weight loss, shriveling, TSS and TA. Significant difference was

observed only in firmness values of tomatoes at PCI 4. However, 1-MCP did not significantly delay the

loss of firmness at the ripe stage. Application of 1-MCP in gaseous form at 500 ppb for 24 hours

resulted in better retardation of ripening (gauged from color change and firmness) than aqueous

treatments.

00088 Lales, C.B. 1980. The effects of two chemical inhibitors on the sprouting and loss of length of potato

tubers. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 16 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

CIPC at 1-3 g/kg applied as a dust inhibited sprouting of `Conchita' white potato for 91 days at

20° storage room without significant effect on the percentage of decay. the amount of weight loss

increased with the increasing concentration of CIPC but it was only the tubers treated with 3 g/kg

which gave statistically higher weight loss than those treated with 1 g/kg. Visual quality was not

affected by CIPC treatments. Thus, the optimum concentration is 1 gram of CIPC per kilogram of

`Conchita' white potato. sulfuric acid in dilute concentrations of 2,500-7,500 ppm applied as a dip had

no significant effect on the percentage of sprouting, decay and visual quality index. However, weight

loss was affected by sulfuric acid treatment. Weight loss increased with increasing concentration.

Untreated tubers and those treated with 2,500 ppm had the least weight loss. therefore, sulfuric acid

cannot be recommended for sprout inhibition.

00089 Langaoan, V.B. 1986. Stomatal density, size and behavior at different intervals of harvesting selected

vegetables. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 47 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

Primary impressions of the epidermis of selected leafy (Malabar spinach, sweet potato, swamp

cabbage, amaranth, jute mallow) and legume (hyacinth bean, cowpea, stringbean) crops at their

basal, median and apical regions were obtained using nail polish. Impressions were taken at different

time intervals after harvest. The stomatal density of the leaves were found to be higher in the leafy

crops than in the legumes. In the leafy crops, sweet potato exhibited the greatest number of

stomates followed by swamp cabbage, Malabar spinach, jute mallow and amaranth, respectively. For

the legumes, cowpea had the most number of stomates while hyacinth bean had the least. Stomatal

aperture, width and length varies among the crops. There were decreases in aperture, width and

length as the length of time from harvest increased. However, these changes occurred at different

time intervals. A direct relationship between the stomatal aperture decrease and thedegree of

wilting existed. Stomatal density seemed to have lesser effect on wilting than on stomatal closure. A

faster rate of stomatal closure was exhibited by malabar spinach despite the great number of

stomates.

00090 Lansigan, A.P. 1974. Chemical test as a quick method of ascertaining maturity in `Carabao' mango

fruits. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)

Abstract

As the mango fruit matures, per cent total soluble solids increased with corresponding decrease

in per cent titratable acidity. Consequently, solid to acid ratio also increased. Marked differences in

these chemical parameters were also observed in fruits picked at different locations in the tree,

notably at the immature stage. However, this variation levelled off with increasing maturity. Similarly,

a time lag from harvest presented significant changes in the chemical constituents of mango fruits.

This necessitates appropriate correction values for minimum levels of maturity set for future

standardization work.

00091 Lantican, J.M. 1993. Production and management of chrysanthemum in Puyat Farm, Baguio City. BS


Abstract

A major practice was conducted in Puyat Farm, a three-hectare chrysanthemum farm located at

Km. 3 Asin Road, Baguio City. It was intended to study, analyze and experience the various aspects of

production and management of a chrysanthemum farm. An in-depth understanding of the farm

activities was achieved by actual participation in the different cultural practices. Some farm activities

such as land preparation, transplanting, netting, spraying, watering, fertilization, weeding, pinching,

disbudding, harvesting, storage and handling, and marketing were performed. Some of the physical

and socio-economic data were gathered from primary and secondary sources. Cultural and

management problems were identified such as: 1) uprooted cuttings not properly washed with

water; 2) exposure of workers to chemical pesticides; 3) high plant density; and 4) high incidence of

white rust.

00092 Lapitan, G.E. 1979. The effect of giberrellic acid on the dormancy and sprouting of gladiolus corms. BS


Abstract

Gibberellic acid when used on cured corms of Gladiolus grandiflora cv. `Spic and Span',

significantly reduced the number of days to shoot appearance (ca. 48 to 50 days sooner) and per cent

germination (ca. 46 to 55 more) compared to GA-treated freshly-dug corms and untreated freshly

dug corms. GA-treatment cannot, however, equal the extent of germination promotion and percent

germination elicited by cold storage on cures corms. The effect of GA-treatment on the spike length,

number of florets per spike is, however comparable to that elicited by cold storage.

00093 Lasapin, L.L. 1974. Regulation of mango ripening by controlled atmosphere storage and chemical

treatments. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 30 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

The tolerance of `carabao' mangoes to very low 02 and very high CO2 atmosphere in a CA

storage room was determined in terms at respiration, starch, chlorophyll and alcohol contents. The

respiration rate of the fruits from 0 day to 38th day of storage increased. However, it declined

abruptly from 36th day to 42nd day, at which fruits were already 100 percent yellow. The starch

content decreased with storage. Chlorophyll was only present in green fruits. Ethrel and CaC2-treated

fruits showed zero chlorophyll reading 7 days after treatment. The alcohol content was quite high

right after storage, but decreased after the fruits have been exposed to normal atmosphere. Also,

only those fruits which were exposed to 20 percent CO2, 5 percent O2 showed a quite measurable

amount of ethyl alcohol at green stage after storage and at ripening. The effects of chemicals,

namely, ethrel and calcium carbide on acceleration of ripening were also observed. The treated fruits

attained regular ripening seven days after treatment with these chemicals.

00094 Laurente, J.B. 1999. Alleviation of endogeneous brown spot development in 'Queen' pineapple

(Ananas comosus L. Merr) fruits by hot water treatment. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines

Los Baños, College, Laguna. 58 leaves. (unpublished)

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of hot water treatment in alleviating

Endogenous Brown Spot (EBS) development of 'Queen' pineapple fruits. The temperature of the

water for heat treatment was optimized. The optimum temperature effective in alleviating EBS

development was used to determine the physico-chemical changes associated with heat treatment.

The optimized water temperature found effective in the alleviation of EBS was 45°C. Heat treatment

significantly delayed peel color development in cold stored pineapple fruits. Upon holding at ambient

following cold storage, heat-treated and untreated exhibited an increased ratre of peel development.

regardless of treatment, conditin and duration of storage, pulp color changed from opaque yellow to

transluscent yellow. Total soluble solids increased significantly from an initial storage value of about

11°Brix to 14°Brix in both conditions. Titratable acidity in heat-treated fruits were significantly lower

than nontreated fruits stored at ambient. Fruit pH was not influenced by heat treatment, condition

and duration. Results of this study showed that hot water treatment (HWT) at 45°C for 10 minutes

was found to be effective in the alleviation of EBS developmen in pineapple fruits prior to storage.

The experiment also confirmed that EBS develops only when the fruits were stored at lower

temperature.

00095 Lazaro, J.C. 1981. Cashew growing in corporate and owner-operated farms in Bagac, Bataan. BS


00096 Leyesa, F.C. 1974. Effect of kind of wax and delayed waxing on tomato fruits. BS Thesis, University of

the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)

Abstract

The effect of waxing and the time of application on the shelf-life and nutrient status of tomato

fruits were studied under ambient conditions. The efficacy of wax (Sta-Fresh, Prima Fresh or Tag)

was found to be proportional to the time of application. Freshly harvested fruits dipped in wax were

characterized by a reduced weight loss and respiration rate, increased color development, decreased

soluble solids and high retention of tiratable acidity and ascorbic acid as compared to the control. Tag

was found to be the most effective among three kinds of waxes tested.

00097 Licuanan, R.R. 1983. Artificial opening of aster (Aster geyeri (Gray) Howell) inflorescence. BS Thesis,


Abstract

Aster geyeri cut in bud stage were successfully opened under artificial conditions. A solution of 5

percent sucrose plus 200 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline plus 0.08 percent citric acid at 20°C was effective

in opening tight bud Aster inflorescence. Aster inflorescence harvested at Stage II (terminal crowns

opened) had the best floral display but Stage III (25 percent flowers opened) had the most number of

additional opened flowers. Temperature influenced the opening of Aster flowers per inflorescence.

At room temperature, flowers held in the opening solution of 8-HQC plus 5 percent sucrose dipped in

1 ppm kinetin were consistently better than those held in the distilled water. However, at 20°C, floral

quality of those held in distilled water were better than those held in distilled water at room

temperature.

00098 Logan, S.P. 1970. The effects of growth regulators on the quality of tomato fruits. BS Thesis,


Abstract

The effects of gibberellic acid (GA), 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kinetin), succinic acid 2,2-dimethyl

hydroxide (Alar), 3-chloroethane phosphoric acid (Ethrel) and napthalene acitic acid (NAA) on the

growth, development and fruit quality of `VC 11-1' and `2029' tomatoes were studied. Stem

elongation was promoted by low levels of GA and NAA but inhibited by Alar and Ethrel. Yield of

`2029' tomato was decreased by Ethrel or kinetin treatments. Early and uniform ripening was

promoted by Ethrel but retarded by NAA, Alar and GA. Other effects resulting from growth regulator

treatments included increased titratable acidity of fruits with GA and kinetin, reduced acidity with

Ethrel, prolonged storage life with Alar, intensified puffiness with kinetin, enhanced fruit russetting

with GA, and induced adventitious rust formation with Ethrel and NAA.

00099 Macaraeg, E.M. 1993. Extending tomato greenlife by modified atmosphere and KMnO4. BS Thesis,


Abstract

Ripening of mature green 'Improved Pope' tomato was retarded for 9-17 days under ambient

conditions (20-25°C) in 0.002 mils polyethylene (PE) bags with zero , 2 and 4 pinholes for gas

diffusion, maintaining high CO2 (2-6%) and low O2 (3-5% O2) concentrations. Bags with 2-4 diffusion

holes (DH) per 3 kg tomatoes gave the best results, since the high CO2 levels and relative humidity in

a completely sealed PE bags resulted in reduction in the concentration of ethylene and delayed the

rate of ripening. The use of only one adsorbent was as equally effective as the use of two. Using PE

bags with DH without C2H4 adsorbent was as equally as the completely sealed bags in retarding the

rate of ripening. Some physico-chemical composition of the fruits were significantly affected by

storage. Fruits stored in PE bags with 2-4 DH and C2H4 adsorbent had superior VQR, were firm and

had acceptable odor and flavor, and increased TSS. The fruits ripened normally upon exposure to air.

00100 Madrigal, G.M.B. 2005. Chemical and physical methods of removing latex stains in mango (Mangifera

indica Linn. cv. Carabao) fruits. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,


Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the best chemical and physical methods of removing

latex stain in “Carabao’ mangoes even with the delay in the application of chemical and physical

treatments. The chemicals tested were 0.04% commercial detergent, 1% aluminium potassium

sulphate (alum) and 1% acetic acid. The physical treatments on the other hand, were high

temperature short term dip (HTSTD) at 60°C for 30 seconds, hot water treatment (HWT) at 55°C for

10 minutes, and washing in water for one minute. A preliminary experiment characterized the nature

of latex staining in ‘Carabao’ mangoes. Latex “spurt” which exuded up to the first 30 seconds from

the removal of the pedicel primarily caused burning while “ooze” caused latex staining and slight

burning as well. The study also showed that latex still exuded onto the fruit surface after removing

the pedicel even up to 36 hours after harvest. One percent (1%) alum and HWT (55°C for 10 min)

were the best chemical and physical methods for removing latex stain, respectively. Both treatments

also significantly reduced the severity of latex burn. All treatments did not affect the physio-chemical

attributes of the fruits at ripe stage although 1% alum slightly delayed peel color change. Acetic acid

and detergent resulted in lenticel spotting. Latex stain was removed while latex burn was reduced

with 1% alum or HWT even when the treatment was delayed for up to 72 hours after latex

inoculation.

00101 Magbanua, M.F.F. 1982. The browning disorder of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.). I. physico-

chemical considerations. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 25


Abstract

The physical and chemical basis of the browning disorder of rambutan were studied by excising

the out-growth at epidermal tissues (spinterns). Treatment with Pro-long (a surface coating agent),

ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite (anti-oxidants) was made to gain an insight into the nature of

this disorder. Excessive browning of the entire excised spinterns and whole fruits were found at the

tip of spinterns and progressed towards the base with time. High moisture loss was also observed at

the tip and lowest at the base. This can be attributed to surface area to volume relationship. A

modified cone method of approximating surface area of rambutan spinterns was discussed as

employed in this experiment. sodium metabisulfite aggravated the browning incidence at all

concentrations while ascorbic acid at 1 percent partially reduced browning.

00102 Maghari, A.G. 1991. Some physio-chemical and physiological characteristics of `Senorita' banana

fruits at varying harvest maturities stored and ripened at different conditions. BS Thesis,


Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effect of storage and ripening temperatures on some

phsico-chemical and physiological characteristics of `Señorita' banana fruits at different harvest

maturities and to correlate some physical changes with the chemical and physiological process

occurring during the ripening. Results show that color change, weight loss, quality deterioration of

fruits of various maturities either in air or MA condition were significantly inhibited when ripened at

20°C relative to 25°C. Regardless of ripening temperature and storage condition on the other hand,

fruits of advanced maturity had higher total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugars and lower

chlorophylll content than relatively young ones. Physiological analysis indicated that respiration

andethylene production in each maturity was lower in fruit previously stored in MA ripened at 20°C

followed by fruit in air control at 20°C and fruit in MA at 25°C. The highest mean was shown in air

control fruit ripened at 25°C. Fruit in air ripened either at 20°C or 25°C attained respiratory peak

earlier than fruit previously stored in MA.

00103 Magnaye, Ma. G.B. 2004. Extending the postharvest-life of ‘Grand Gala’ roses through pulsing. BS


Abstract

Studies were conducted to determine the optimum pulsing condition for ‘Grand Gala’ roses

harvested at different maturities and to compare the vaselife and quality of pulsed roses at different

temperatures. Cutroses harvested when bud was fully opened and calyx was fully reflexed (stage 2)

remained highly acceptable after 7-14 days cold storage (5°C) when pulsed with 20% sugar. The same

result was obtained when roses harvested at tight bud stage and calyx was at right angle (stage 1)

were pulsed with 5% sugar for 6 hours and 20% sugar for 12 hours. However, flowers harvested at

bud stage can only stand up to 7 days of cold storage, and suffered from bent-neck more, than stage

2 roses. Pulsing with 15% sugar for 6 and 12 hours improved flower opening after storage. Moreover,

there was no occurrence of blueing on pulsed roses.Cutflowers displayed at 20°C lasted a day longer

than those placed in ambient temperature. Stage 1 and 2 cutroses can be stored up to 7 and 14 days,

respectively, at 5°C after pulsing.

00104 Mallari, D.V. 2002. The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on the vaselife of the three baby aster

cultivars. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 55 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the vaselife of three baby aster cultivars was

investigated. Response of 'MOnte Cassino' and 'Ada Ballard' baby aster to varying 1-MCP

concentrations for 6 hours exposure and varying exposure durations to ppm 1-MCP at 75 percent

flowers open were determined. Best 1-MCP concentration and exposure duration obtained were

tested on 'Monte Cassino', 'Ada Ballard' and 'White Princess' baby asters harvested at earlier stages

(25 percent and 50 percent flowers open). Vaselife of the three baby aster cultivars ('Monte Cassino',

'Ada BAllard' and 'White Princess') treated with 1-MPC was extended. For 'Monte Cassino' and 'Ada

BAllard' with 75 percent flowers open, best 1-MPC concentration for 6 hours exposure duration was

1.2 ppm. 'Monte Cassino' and 'Ada Ballard' remained saleable for 10.5 and 9.9 days respectivekly.

Best exposure duration of the two cultivars with the same flower opening to 0.6 ppm 1-MCP was 18

hours. 'Monte Cassino' remained saleable for 10.0 days while 'Ada Ballard' for 11.7 days. Vaselife of

the three cultivars treated with 1-MCP at 25 percent flowers open was not significantly different

from the vaselife of the untreated except in 'Monte Cassino' cultivar. At 50 percent flowers open,

'Monte Cassino', White Princess' and 'Ada Ballard' cultivars treated with 1-MCP remained saleable for

11.0, 11.11 and 11.0 days, respectively while the untreated lasted for 7.33, 9.11 and 7.44 days,

respectively. Investigation on response of babyaster at 25 percent flower opening to higher 1-MCP

concentration is recommended.

00105 Mañebo, K.C.B. 2006. Effects of two plant growth regulators on delaying the maturity and harvesting

of 'carabao' mango (Mangifera indica). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,


Abstract

The effects of low concentration of gibberellic acid (GA3) and the potential of 2, 4-

dichlorophenoxyacetic acid isobutyl ester (2, 4-D) in delaying harvesting of mango were studied. One

month after the expected date of harvest (150 DAFI), 23% of the original fruits in the control were

still on the trees. Analysis of the results showed that at 5 and 25 ppm, GA3 was too low to exert any

effect in improving the retention of fruits on the trees for one more month. In the case of 2, 4-D it

was found that the concentration used was too high and it even became detrimental to the fruit

retention since the mean percentage fruit retention was lower as compared to the control.Analysis of

fruit quality showed that in terms of titratable acidity and fruit firmness, the treatments had no effect

on the fruits. With regards to the peel color index and total soluble solids, 2, 4-D enhanced the

yellowing of the peel and the breakdown of the starch into sugar.Results of the sensory evaluation

showed that GA3 did not improve the quality of the fruits in terms of the pulp color, aroma, off-odor,

hedonic rating, sweetness, texture, and off-flavor. However, the 25 ppm GA3-treated fruits had better

characteristic mango flavor.

00106 Mapue, C.S. 2001. Postharvest handling of mango prior to processing. BS Thesis, University of the

Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 54 leaves. (unpublished).

Abstract

Postharvest handling operations performed on 'Carabao' mangoes to be utilized as raw materials

for processing were observed. Maturity, handling and disease control were found to have an

influence on the recovery of the fruits. Fruits at the mature stage developed good quality

characteristics, but immature fruits showed signs of deterioration after ripening. Disease

development was a major problem in fruits. Anthracnose and stem-end rot became apparent only at

the table ripe stage. However, hot water treatment proved to be effective in controlling anthracnose.

Handling in terms of repeated sorting cause damage through excessive vibration and impact. An

experiment was conducted regarding maturity determination. Newly harvested 'Carabao' mangoes

were subjected to floatation in different salt solutions, then subjected to hot water treatment.

Mature fruit (floaters in 1.5 percent, floaters 2.0 percent and sinkers in 2.0 percent salt solutions)

developed good eating quality while less matured ones (floaters in 1.0 percent salt solution) showed

limited eating characteristics as expressed by lower total soluble solids, higher titratable acidity and

lower pH values. The results of sensory evaluation were consistent with these observations. No

internal oe external damage was observed in to the fruits at any maturity.

00107 Maranan, H.I. 1982. Respiration and ethylene production of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.) with

internal breakdown. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 59

leaves. (unpublhed)

Abstract

`Carabao' mango fruits harvested 108 and 120 days after flower induction during the rainy

months of 1981 were studied to establish possible relationship between internal breakdown and the

rates of respiration and ethylene production. Internal breakdown at the developmental stage did

not bring significant change in the respiratory activity of the mango fruits. However, ethylene

increased significantly during this period. Immature fruits were more prone to this physiological

disorder than mature fruits. Internal breakdown coincided with an increase in titratable acidity and a

decrease in total soluble solids of ripe fruits. This experiment confirms a previous report that storage

of mango fruits in sealed polyethylene bags at ambient temperature leads to the development of

internal breakdown.

00108 Marges, H.E. 1991. Effect of temperature, duration and method of storage on the vase life of baby

aster (Aster geyeri (Gray) Howell). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,


Abstract

Baby Aster (Aster geyeri (Gray) Howell) flowers were wet and dry packed-stored, stored at 0°C,

5°C and 10°C for 5, 10 and 15 days. After each storage period, the flowers were withdrawn from

storoage and their vase life and other quality parameters were then evaluated under ambient

conditions, (28-30°C, RH 90). Aster flowers which were stored at 0°C had longer vase life than those

stored at 5°C and 10°C. Regardless of temperature, flowers stored for five days lasted longer (10

days) than those stored for ten and fifteen days (9 and 8 days, respectively). Using a visual quality

rating scale from 1 to 9, wet-stored flowers had better visual quality rating (VQR = 8.3) than those

which were stored dry (VQR = 7.6).

00109 Maza, N.S. 1990. Agricultural Engineering field practice on packinghouse operations and maintenance

at the Postharvest Horticultural Training and Research Center: a comprehensive report. BS


Abstract

The major practice has provided the student trainee with the background on packinghouse

operations and maintenance. It also helped the student to developed discipline and right attitude

toward work. In all packinghouse operations and related activities, it is important to avoid damages

to the product especially if the commodity is perishable. After harvest, the quality can no longer be

increased but it can be maintained. It is also important to have quality control on the commodities.

The operation on mango and onions are critical because quality affects the price and storage life. The

student trainee also made some designs of packinghouse equipment. During the training period it

was learned that in the design of any engineering equipment or facilities, the capability of the

fabricator should be considered. The most important aspect is its functionality. However if it could be

made simple, it has to be simple, to be easier to fabricate. It is also important to maintain the

equipment. There should be a regular maintenance activity in any packinghouse. When any

equipment fail it should be repaired as soon as possible to avoid making it complicated.

00110 Medrana, G.T. 1974. Chemical Regulation of building behavior in garlic. BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract

Heavier cloves gave better yield in terms of bulb size and weight irrespective of size of the

original mother bulb or stock. Soaking cloves in gibberellic acid solution elicited production of rough

bulbs, the degree of roughness increasing with higher gibberellic acid concentrations. Chemical

modification of bulbing behavior, i.e. production of rough bulbs for increasing proportion of cloves of

one-gram weight or over, is more effective on cloves from medium bulbs followed by small and large

bulbs respectively.

00111 Meim, D.D.L. 1980. Development and regulation of senescent spotting on `Bungulan' banana (Musa

sapientum L. var. suareolens Blanco, Teodoro). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,


Abstract

Freshly harvested green `Bungulan' bananas were dipped in Ethrel (1000 ppm) and Benlate (1000

ppm) suspension and held at 20°C to observe the incidence of senescent spotting and devise ways of

minimizing its occurrence during retail. Senescent spots developed within eight days. the degree of

spotting was high when: (a) ethylene production increased, (b) respiratory activity decreased, and (c)

general ripening ensued. Developing sections of affected tissue were cultured for pathological

verification, but no pathological organism was isolated. Spotting incidence was minimized by: (a)

lowering holding temperatures from ambient conditions to 20°C, (b) packing in perforated

polyethylene bags, and (c) combining lowered holding temperatures with perforated polyethylene

bag packaging. the delay in senescent spotting ranged from 24 to 48 hours after the full yellow color

developed; where perforated polyethylene bag packaging in ambient room conditions delayed

spotting for 24 h while delay was longest when left exposed in 20°C. It is therefore recommended

that degreened `Bungulan' bananas be displayed for retail no later than the color index 5 stage

(yellow with green tips) shelved in perforated polyethylene packs (0.002 cm thick), and held in 20°C

to keep unblemished and in good eating quality for up to three days.

00112 Mendoza, A.C. 1993. In vitro culture of Heliconia Psittacorum 'parrot'. BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract

The effect of antibiotic, organic additive and plant growth regulators on multiple shoot

formation, shoot height, weight and number of leaves produced by Heliconia psittacorum 'Parrot'

cultured in vitro using Murashige and Skoog basal medium was studied. Incorporation of 100 mg/l

streptomycin sulfate into the medium reduced bacterial contamination to 60 % as compared to 90-

100% of antibiotic-free media. Application of 150 mg/l coconut water (organic additive) did not affect

shoot growth when combined with either benzylaminopurine (BA) or kinetin (Ki). Vigorously growing

shoots with fully developed leaves regenerated in 5-10 mg/l BA were induced to produce buds after

they were detopped and sub-cultured in 10 mg/l BA. Regenerated shoots from Ki failed to produce

leaves and barely reached 1 cm high. However, combination of 1 mg/l Ki and 5-10 mg/l BA induced

multiple shoot formation after 12 weeks of culture.

00113 Mendoza, V.R.P. 1999. Banana production and managemnt at Marsman Estate Plantaion, Inc. in Sto.

Tomas, Davao del Norte. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 132


Abstract

The major practice was conducted in the 1,305 hectares banana plantation of Marsman Estate

Plantation Inc. Located in Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte from April to May 1999. During the major

practice the student participated in farm activities like weeding, harvesting, deflowering, fertilizing,

weed spraying, stem sanitizing, desuckering, sucker selecting, planting, desilting, harvesting, bud

injecting, bud and bunch spraying, propping, and many other activities such as mixing of chemicals,

aerial spraying and nematicide application to protect the student from any danger and chemical

exposure. Through observation and participation in various farm activities, the student was able to

understand and put into practice the principles involved in crop production that were taught inside

the classroom. Primary data were obtained through actual participation in the farm and laboratory

activities, whereas secondary data such as geographical profile, soil description, climate and other

information were obtained from municipality. Some problems were identified during the actual

participation and observation of different activities held in the plantation. All the information needed

in the cost and returns analysis were kept confidential. Instead the plantation management provided

some information regarding the expenditure cost (per ha basis) for the establishment of banana

plantation for export market.

00114 Mendoza, J.A.L. 2001. Ripening, handling and marketing of ‘saba’ banana. BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract

The farm practice was divided into two portions: the squash peel-ripening experiment and the

handling and marketing distribution documentation. Interviews with banana wholesalers/retailers

were made concerning their current ripening practices and their reaction to the innovation of squash

peel ripening banana particularly 'Saba'. The experiment was conducted at the Postharvest

Horticulture Training and Resource Center (PHTRC), UPLB from April to May 3, 2002. The

documentation of the handling and marketing distribution of bananas, on the other hand, was done

in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro from August 16-18, 2000. The student went along with the middlemen on

their scheduled trip to Mindoro and then back to Tanauan, Batangas where they sell the bananas to

the wholesalers/retailers. During the documentation, the bananas were observed to be mishandled

and subject to multiple handling. The fruits were often thrown to the ground resulting in losses and

various postharvest quality defects (bruises, cuts, cracks, latex staining etc.). Separation of individual

fingers from the hand when dropped and over ripening of fruits were the main cause of losses in

terms of the volume of marketable fruits. Careful handling of the bananas was not practiced since the

final quality of the fruits is not evident before the fruit is fully ripe. Particularly for 'Saba', the primary

basis for price is not the quality but size. In the experiment for ripening bananas with squash peel,

newly harvested, 19-week old banana hands were enclosed inside the 'kaing' together with the

squash peel (control, 0.5g, 1.0 g and 5.0 g per finger) for 96 hours. Peel color development, softening

and ethylene evolution were monitored daily. Sensory evaluation of the treated bananas was also

conducted to determine the acceptability of technology and its effect on the eating quality of

bananas. Experimental results, on the other hand, showed significant differences between control

fruits and squash peel-treated bananas. Ripening was enhanced as evidenced by the acceleration of

peel color development and softening in treated samples. Squash peel-treated fruits reached the

marketable stage of CI 4-5 within 2-3 days after treatment, compared to control fruits. Ripening was

a result of the increases levels of ethylene within the 'kaing'. The accumulated ethylene was

produced by the squash peel and subsequently by the fruits which exhibited autocatalytic ethylene

synthesis. The fruits treated at the rate of 5 g squash peel per finger reached the minimum

concentration of 0.3-ppm ethylene in less than eight hours suggesting that a day's enclosure with this

amount of squash peel is sufficient to induce ripening of the bananas. Sensory evaluation showed no

significant differences among treatments, clearly showing that squash peel had no undesirable

effects on the eating quality of the 'Saba' bananas. An interview with several banan retailers revealed

that carburo is th commonly used ripening agent. However, some had shifted to ethrel because it is

more efficient in terms of energy, time and labor, resulting in lower cost of treatment.

00115 Mercado, J.C. 1980. The effects of fertilization and topping on the yield of two varieties of hot pepper

(Capsicum frutescens L.). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 48


Abstract

Eighteen combinations of two varieties, three fertilization levels and three harvesting methods

were tested to determine the possibility of producing hot pepper plants with high fruit, seed and top

yields. `Tabasco' significantly produced better fruit and seed yields than `Pasete', while top yield was

observed to be the same for both varieties. With the application of 143.5-143.5-143.5 kg NPK/ha, the

two varieties tested produced the highest fruit and seed yields, followed by 73.5-73.5-73.5 kg

NPK/ha. An increase in fertilization relatively increased the weight and number of tops produced.

Untopped pepper plants produced more and heavier fruits and seeds than topped plants. Flower

removal did not significantly affect the weight and number of tops produced.

00116 Mercadero, R.D. 1998. Characterization of the physiological and physico- chemical changes in sinta

papaya (Carica papaya L.) during storage at different temperatures. University of the Philippines


Abstract

The physiological and physico-chemical changes in 'Sinta' papaya were fruits characterized and

optimum temperature requirement for storage and ripening was determined. The fruits were stored

at ambient (20C ), 25C, 20C,15C and 12C until they reach the full yellow stage. Sample fruits stored at

ambient (15C), 12C, were withdrawn weekly for 4 weeks and transferred to 25C for ripening. An

upsurge in ethylene production was observed to occur earlier than the respiratory climacteric.

Earliest respiratory and ethylene production peak occurred in fruits stored at ambient temperature

having a color index of 3 to 4 . Fruits stored at high temperature showed a more rapid peel color

change as exhibited bt fruits stored at ambient which reach the full yellow stage on the 8th day and

in the 10th and 11th day for those held at25 and 20C, respestively. Symptoms of chilling injury was

noted for fruits stored for 15C for three weeks and 12C for two weeks, thus registering a significant

higher disease incidence. Prolonged storage at low temperature decrease fruit firmness. As storage

temperature decrease, organoleptic qualities of fruits also decreased. The optimum temperature for

ripening ' Sinta papaya is 20C with the fruits attaining uniform ripening and good peel coloration. For

prolonged storage, frits can be kept at 15C for two weeks and then transferred to 25C for ripen.

00117 Mindog, E.C.A. 2005. Control of natural fruit dehiscence in durian (Durio zibethinus Murray cv.

Chanee) using fruit coatings. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.


00118 Miraña, J.E. 2001. Growth and flowering response of French marigold (Tagetes patula cv. Sunkist)

under different concentrations of paclobutrazol. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los


Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the most suitable concentration of paclobutrazol that

would give the best dwarfing effect on French marigold cv. Sunkist, determine the effects of different

concentrations on its flowering and to establish the dose response- curve of paclobutrazol

application with regard to the flowering height control of French marigold. In general, growth control

of French marigold was not significantly different under concentrations 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 75 and 100

ppm, although they were significantly different with the untreated plants. Measurement of dry

weight of shoot, final length of the main stem, final height of the plant, final crown size and

internode length showed no significant differences among the 12.5- 100 ppm concentration treated

plants. In terms of lateral branch production, the highest among the treated plants were obtained

under the 50 ppm concentration resulting in more commercially attractive plants. No significant

differences among the concentration of different concentrations used in other parameters measured

like dry weight of roots, final diameter of the main stem and flower diameter were observed.

Significant differences, on the other hand, were obtained in the number of roots with the highest

value obtained in 50 ppm treated plants. All the plants regardless of the treatments, flowered earlier

than expected. Most profuse flowering and highest dry weight of flowers were in the 50 ppm

concentration of paclobutrazol. Four to eight days delay in the emergence of the first flower was

observed in 75 and 100 ppm concentrations of pactobutrazol. Number of nodes to first flower and

flower diameter also showed no significant differences among treatments.

00119 Miranda, Ma. L.L. 1985. Vase life extension of chrysanthemum (Chysanthemum morifolium

Ram.)"Yellow Taiwan" flowers with silver compounds and ethanol.BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract

Effects of different ethanol concentrations, different frequencies of changing solution on the

vaselife of chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. ) cv. Yellow Taiwan held under

ambient and at 20°C temperatures were evaluated. Pulse and unpulsed mature and immature

chrysanthemums treated with silver compounds before storage were likewise compared to Ag+-

treated unpulsed flowers without storage, with respect to improvement of their vaselife.

Irrespective of holding temperatures, flowers without ethanol treatment had significantly longer

vaselife 9 19.6-28.40 days ) than those treated with ethanol. Among the ethanol- treated flowers,

those treated with 10% ethanol lasted significantly longer and were better looking than the other

concentrations used, whether solutions were changed every other day or not. Flowers treated

with 10% ETOH + 5% sucrose and chenged every other day lasted the longest in the ethanol

series ( 29.6 days ). Pulsed, Ag-treated mature flowers dry-pack stored for 20 days then held in

200 ppm HQ + 0.08% citric acid + 3% sucrose lasted longest among the pulsed flowers ( 13.70

days ). unpulsed flowers lasted longer when treated with AgNO3 ( 18.40 days ). Immature

flowers lasted longer when pulsed, treated with with AgNO3, and held in 200 ppm HQ + 0.08%

citric acid + 3% sucrose ( 22.3 days ). In the whole experiment, unstored flowers lasted the

longest when held in 10% ETOH + 5% sucrose, changed every other day, and under 20°C ( 29.6

days ). Flowers pulsed and dry-packed for 20 days, lasted longest when AgNO3 was used and

held in 200 ppm HQ + 0.08% citric acid + 3% sucrose (13.70) days for mature and 22.30 days for

immature flowers.

00120 Moskito, E.A. 1986. Storage of ripe ìmproved pope' tomatoes in rice hull ash. BS Thesis, University of


Abstract

Ripe (Color Index 6) Ìmproved Pope' tomatoes were embedded in rice hull ash of different

moisture levels and stored under ambient condition and in a drip cooler at varying periods. The fruits

in moist ash had higher visual quality rating and lesser weight loss than those stored in dry ash and

control. Shrivelling was minimal and the fruits remained firm throughout storage due to reduced

temperature and increased relative humidity inside the moist ash pile. The use of a drip cooler with

with moist ash had little advantage over moist ash storage alone in terms of weight change and

shrivelling of the fruits. However, firmer fruits were obtained from the drip cooler.

00121 Nagpala, E.G.L. 2006. Postharvest responses of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruits to oil-

based coatings. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 96 leaves.

(unpublished)

00122 Navarro, M.P. 2000. advocacy of improved postharvest handling system of mango to fruit retailers in

Bucal, Calamba, Laguna. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 45


Abstract

The major practice was held at Bucal, Calamba , Laguna. The postharvest handling practices such

as improved ripening procedures, use of retail containers and control of fruit fly, and marketing of

mangoes were documented from the interviews of small-scale retailers. This provided an opportunity

for the student to apply the knowledge learned from the university, by advocating the use of

improved postharvest handling practices that may alleviate or solve the problems being encountered

by the retailers. This community experience was documented and presented. Many of the retailers

were receptive to the introduction of improved postharvest handling practices. All respondents had

no contact with change agents and were unfamiliar with informational gatherings like seminars and

field days. Not all respondents adopted the improved postharvest handling practices

00123 Ocampo, D.C. 1984. Postharvest behavior and responses to flower conditioning of different

chrysanthemum cultivars. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 47


Abstract

The experiment was conducted at Postharvest Research Training Center (PHTRC) laboratory with

20°C room temperature to determine and compare the response of a standard type chrysanthemum,

'Little Jean' white to different holding solutions. Distilled water, 5 percent sugar, 300 ppm HQC, 100

ppm AgNO3 and combination of the latter three were used as postharvest holding solutions. the best

holding solutions found were as follows: 5 percent sugar + 300 ppm HQC for 'Little Jean' purple, 300

ppm HQC with presoaking of stems in 100 ppm AgNO3 for 10 minutes on 'Little Jean' white and 5

percent sugar with pre-soaking of stems in 100 ppm AgNO3 for 10 minutes on 'Flores de4 Manila'.

The holding solutions best for each of the cultivars exhibited an increase in flower diameter,

prolonged vaselife and had good foliage condition. With the best holding solutions found, sugar

concentration and soaking time in AgNO3 were varied. Still 5 percent sugar was good for 'Little Jean'

purple and 10 percent sugar for 'Flores de Manila'. Pre-soaking time in 100 ppm AgNO3 of 5 and 10

minutes were considered to be good for 'Little Jean' white and 'Flores de Manila', respectively. The

best holding solutions found did a great job in improving postharvest cut chrysanthemum flowers i.e.

extending vaselife, augmenting flower size and retaining good foliage condition.

00124 Olazo, E.C. 1997. A feasibility study of establishing and managing hydroponic cutflower farm in Lipa

City, Batangas. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 123 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

The cutflower industry is blessed with built-in advantages such as having tropical and sub-tropical climate, strategic location with respect to major export markets and the presence of flowers and parent materials to develop. Aside from these built-in advantages, the industry is one of the top priorities in the five-year Philippine Agricultural Development Plan of the Department of Agriculture. These advantages however are not fully enjoyed by the industry because they are faced with problems hampering the development of the industry. Some of the major problems in the industry are limited improved production technologies, inappropriate post-harvest handling practices, high transportation cost, lack of access to market information and government interventions. The study was done primarily to determine the feasibility of establishing and managing a cutflower farm, adapting hydroponics technology, in Lipa City, Batangas. The project aimed to (i) present an overview of the local cutflower industry; (ii) determine its technical and financial viability; (iii) determine the market prospects of the products; and (iv) identify potential problems with regards to technology adoption and suggest solutions to overcome these problems. The study focused on the viability of establishing a 1,200 square meter chrysanthemum-gladioli farm using the soilless farming method. Primary and secondary data were used in the conduct of the study. Interview with Interview with experts in the field of hydroponics and cutflower growing was made to obtained

primary data on production, marketing and financial aspects of the study. Secondary data were

obtained from different research institutions to support and supplement the primary data. Net

Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) and payback period were

determined to assess the financial performance of the project. The target markets of the project

would be markets centers, in Manila, Quezon City and Makati. Marketing agreements will be entered

into since sellers prefer this kind of agreement for them to have stable supply of cutflowers. This

agreement will last for two years and can be renewed 60 days before the last delivery. Payment will

be done on a cash-on-delivery basis. Although there was limited information on demand, a gap was

believed to be existing between supply and demand. It was found out that local supply was not able

to cope up with the demand especially during peak months thus; traders resorted to importation

from other countries. Based on the computed financial indicators, the project is feasible with a

computed NPV of P678,282, an IRR of 72.

00125 Olufon, K. 1977. Structure and operational efficiency in the fish produce. BS Thesis, University of the

Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)

00126 Ortega, M.C. 1998. Postharvest life evaluation of three tropical florist greens. BS Thesis, University of


Abstract

The effect of different stages of leaf maturity, holding solutions, and methods of storage on the

postharvest life of three tropical florist greens (Murraya paniculata, Polypodium punctatum, and

Dracaena godseffiana cv Florida Beauty) were determined. Stage maturity had no significant effect

except for Murraya paniculata where presence of water sprouts tended to enhance senescence. Leaf

abscission was the greatest defect of Murraya paniculata. Formation of roots in Dracaena

godseffiana cv Florida beauty resulted in the extension of vaselife. More than 50% of the shoot

foliage held in tap water rooted. On the whole, holding the florist greens in distilled or tap water

proved superior over the use of preservatives. The extent of vaselife that may be obtained by using

preservatives does not compensate for the added cost. In fact, for Polypodium punctatum, use of

Florafresh in combination with Cocogrow resulted in discoloration of the leaf bases. For Murraya

paniculata, the use of MA had the most beneficial effect when coupled to dark storage. Irrespective

of the species, dark storage was generally better.

00127 Oropesa. A.M.R. 2003. Determination of rooting behavior of selected cut foliage and its effect on

their visual quality and postharvest life. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,


00128 Pacol, M.V. 2008. Postharvest behavior of different banana (Musa sp. Colla) cultivars (latundan and

señorita) dipped in 'green keeper' TM,1. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,


00129 Paderon, R.M. 19894. The use of skin coatings during storage of `Saba' banana (Musa balbisiana

Colla). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 57 leaves.

(unpublished)

00130 Payson, H.M. 1999. Modified atmosphere storage of 'Sinta' Papaya (Carica papaya cv. Sinta) under

ambient condition. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 74 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

The response of 'Sinta' papaya fruits to modified atmosphere (MA) storage under ambient

condition (32-34°C) was determined. Fruits were kept in 0.05 mm thick polyethylene bags (PEB) with

0, 4, 8, and 16 diffussion holes (DH) which after two weeks were exposed and allowed to ripen. A

study was also conducted to determine the optimum duration of storage under MA. Polyethylene

bags with 0 DH had the lowest oxygen levle (1.1- 8.1 percent) and fruits exhibited the slowest change

in peel color during storage. However, disease incidence was very high. In 4 DH bags, oxygen level

went down from 13.61 to 5.9 percent and fruits were at peel color index 3.5-4 upon removal from

the bags. Disease incidence was low and fruits remained acceptable until the 13th day. Fruits in 8 and

16 DH treatments exhibited high oxygen levels and ripening was not significantly retarded. The

optimum duration of storage under ambient condition for "Sinta' papaya is one week in 0.05 mm

thick PEB with 4 DH. The fruits ripened in 5 days were obtained in terms of weight loss, pulp color,

total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and firmness. Sensory evaluation at the ripe stage however,

showed that MA storage decreased sweetness and characeteristic papaya flavor at the ripe stage.

00131 Peñaflor, L.A.C. 2000. Pruning methods in relation to yield, quality and postharvest extension of

sampaguita. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 57 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to determine which of the five pruning methods (unpruned

plants/control, plants reduced to 3 shoots and pruned to 30 cm, plants reduced to 3 shoots and

pruned to 60 cm, plants reduced to 6 shoots and pruned to 30 cm and plants reduced to 6 shoots and

pruned to 60 cm) will give the optimum yield, quality and postharvest extension of sampaguita

flowers. Plant responses like number of days to first flowering, time of peak flowering, number of

flowers produced, weight and size of flowers and postharvest behavior of flowers were observed and

evaluated to analyze the effects of different pruning methods. Unpruned plants flowered the earliest

and exhibited normal flowering. Pruned plants exhibited sudden increase of flower production, which

is the result of an explosion of vegetative growth when prunning is extensive. Analysis of variance on

the number and weight of flowers were significant only on the second and third month. Control

plants had the highest mean number of flowers (17.0) and mean weight of flowers (4.1 g) on the

second month while plants reduced to 3 shoots and pruned to 60 cm had the lowest mean number of

flowers (13.5) and mean weight of flowers (3.2 g). On the third month, plants reduced to 6 shoots

and pruned to 60 cm had the highest mean number of flowers (64.4) and mean weight of flowers

(18.0 g) while plants reduced to 3 shoots and pruned to 60 had the lowest mean number of flowers

(39.9) and mean weight of flowers (10.2 g). Pruned plants produced buds which were generally larger

than buds produced by unpruned plants. Flower buds were grouped and subjected to three storage

onditions, namely; exposed to 1-Methylcyclopropane (an ethylene inhibitor) for four hours and

transferred to 15°C cold room, immediately stored at 15°C cold room and stored at temperature

(25°C). Number of buds which were still closed were monitored daily. Rate of discoloration of flowers

was also observed. More buds stayed closed and fresh when immediately stored at 15°C.

00132 Punzalan, A.S. 1976. Some factors affecting the postharvest life of Miraudy cut roses. BS Thesis,


Abstract Vase life of unstored and dry-packed stored cut 'Mirandy' roses grown under lowland and upland

conditions were evaluated. Based on the over-all numerical score of the 4 vase-life indices used

(maturity, color quality, leaf condition and neck turgidity), lowland-grown cut flowers showed longer

vase-life than upland-grown flowers. Evaluation of different holding solutions (distilled water, 8-HOS,

citric acid, cycocel, 7-Up and silver nitrate) for the extension of vase-life of dry packed stored cut

'Mirandy' roses showed 7-Up to bethe best. Vase-life was extended to an extent equal or even better

than the vase-life of unstored blooms.

00133 Quintana, I.A.J. 1994. Growth regulation of potted chrysanthemum with alar (Succinic Acid -2, 2 -

Dimethyl Hydrazide). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 76


00134 Remetio-Bote, E.M. 2001. Effect of commercially available fertilizer products on production of potted

flowering mussaenda. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 48


Abstract

Two experiments were conducted using mussaenda cv. Dona Luz cuttings. The first study compared

the effect of five foliar fertilizers on petaloid and leaf color, on stem and peduncle length and flower

development, while the second study determined the best fertilizer dosage. Among the five fertilizers

used, only the fertilizer whose analysis is 15-15-30 had significantly increased survival rate relative to

the unfertilized control. The same fertilizer also gave improvement of petaloid color but not on stem

and peduncle length, and flower development. Result of the second experiment showed that while

all fertilized plants, irrespective of dosage, resulted in improved petaloid color, relative to the control,

the best response was obtained with the recommended dosage and twice the recommended dosage,

followed by 1/2 the recommended dosage is just as good as the recommended rate for the fertilizer

with 15-15-30 analysis.

00135 Reyes, A.B. 1994. Physio-chemical changes in 'solo' papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruits as affected by wax

treatments. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 59 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

This study was conducted to provide chemical and physiological bases on the use of wax

coatings for the 'Solo' papaya in order to maintain the quality and extend the postharvest life of the

fresh fruit. Peel color development , firmness and sensory attributes were not impaired by waxing.

Rates of respiration were significantly low in waxed compared to the control. The delay in peel color

development in waxed fruits by as much as 4 days relative to unwaxed fruits due to the delayed

attainment of the climacteric peaks in these fruits relative to the control. Weight loss was reduced

thru waxing by as much as 64% relative to unwaxed fruits. Total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable

acidity (TA) did not significantly differ among the treatments as well as on storage. Results showed

that ‘Solo’ papaya coated with mineral oil and oleate were the best edible film coatings for ‘Solo’

papaya in maintaining the quality and extending the postharvest life of the fresh fruit. Coconut oil

reduced the visual quality of the fruit due to black blemishes exhibited on the fruit surafe. Disease

incidence and severity as well as peel disorder was absent except in the coconut-oil treated fruits.

00136 Rodriguez, R.C. 1981. Refrigerated and non-refrigerated storage of red creole onion. BS Thesis,


Abstract

A preliminary study was conducted to compare two village level storage methods ( storage by

hanging and storage in dried rice straw ) and their modifications with that of cold storage ( 0°C and

70-95% RH ) for small to medium-sized Red Creole onions ( Allium cepa L. ) with regards to weight

loss, rotting, sprouting and quality rating. The storage methods significantly influenced the percent

weight loss, rotting and sprouting but not the quality rating of the remaining good bulbs.

00137 Rodriguez, Z.A. 1999. Effects of various types of surfactants on the postharvest behavior of

chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,


Abstract

A study was conducted at the Postharvest Horticulture Training and Research Center to

determine the effect of various types of surfactants on the postharvest behavior of Chrysanthemum

Taiwan 'Yellow', soaking cutflowers in surfactants after storage resulted in significantly longer vaselife

and water uptake, 0.1 percent Teepol and 0.01 percent Tween 20 consistently gave the highest

values. For Chrysanthemun reagan 'White', soaking had no significant effect on the vaselife, flower

diameter, and opening index of florets. However, Tween 20 at 0.01 percent and 0.1 percent

concentration, and 0.01 percent Amazing Glaze consistently produced longer vaselife regardless of

soaking practice.

00138 Roxas, M.P. 1997. Production of rooted chrysanthemum cuttings. BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract

Two chrysanthemum cultivars, standard yellow ('Taiwan yellow') and spray-type white ('Little

Angel') were used to determine the potential to produce number of rooted cuttings and length of

time to rooting and a harvestable cutting from flush period one to four. The cuttings were treated

with 100 ppm of indole-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Stem cuttings of spray-

type white cultivar treated with auxin rooted the earliest (6.50 days) and the earliest to produce a

harvestable cutting (31.0 days). Stock plants of standard yellow cultivar at 0 ppm continuously

increased the number of rooted cuttings but obtained the lowest total number of harvestable cutting

after four flushes. Spray-type white cultivar without auxin-treatment produced the highest number

of cuttings regardless of treatment after four flushes. The effect of auxin-treatment was not

significant for the same flush period in terms of number of days to rooting and days to produce a

harvestable cutting. However, spray-type white cultivar rooted the earlier compared to the standard

yellow cultivar. The highest number of harvestable cuttings resulted during third flush period in

spray-type white cultivar.

00139 Salazar, B.M. 2005. Physico-chemical and physiological bases of finger drop in nanana (Musa

acuminate cv. Cuarenta Dias) and its control. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,


00140 Salubre, Bexie B. 2000. An oil-based edible coating to extend the shelf life of cucumber (Cucumis

sativus). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 65 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of edible oils on the shelf life of

cucumber stored in ambient and 15°C storage temperatures. Cucumber fruits were coated in coconut

oil, canola oil, palm oil, soybean oil (edible oils) and a commercial wax (FMC) thinly and then stored

for two weeks. At ambient temperature, coconut oil treatment was found to be effective in

prolonging the shelf life (14 days) of cucumber as compared to the other treatments. Coconut oil-

treated cucumber on the 14th

day of storage had an acceptable sensory and visual quality rating, and

yellowing was observed much later (9 days after storage) than the other treatments.Canola oil and

soybean oil was found to be effective in prolonging the shelf life of cucumbers in cold storage (15°C).

Cucumber coated with canola oil remained disease-free and has a visual quality rating of 6 until the

14th

day of observation. However, soybean oil was considered highly acceptable in terms of sensory

attributes than canola oil-treated cucumbers. Storage at 15°C delayed the deterioration of cucumber.

Disease incidence, decline in visual rating, shriveling, yellowing and firmness were observed to be

lower at 15°C than at ambient temperature. Oil-coated or non-coated cucumber fruits did not exhibit

changes in pH, titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble sugars (TSS) during storage and at ambient and

15°C. Furthermore, although cucumber is considered a non-climacteric fruit, both coated and non-

coated fruits exhibited a climacteric-like CO2 peak.

00141 Sang, Y.T. 1963. Effects of gibberellic acid on the sprouting of dormant potatoes. BS Thesis, University


Abstract

Treatment of Red Pontiac potatoes with various GA concentrations (1, 5 and 10 ppm) shortened

the rest period of whole and halved potato seed pieces from 7.90 days to 50.98 days. The stimulatory

effect of GA increases with concentration and period of soaking as well as with decrease in the age of

tuber from harvest. Five ppm GA and a soaking period of from 5 to 10 minutes gave the most

promising results.

00142 Santos, A.L. 2002. A farm practice report on the production and management of bedding plants at

King Louis Farm, Baguio City. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.


00143 Santos, G.A. et al. Pre-harvest factors affecting fruit quality. 1. Mineral Nutrition. BS Thesis, University

of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)

Abstract

The interrelations of N, K and Ca on storage life, solids acids and other fruit characters were

determined on tomatoes (Var. Ìmproved Harbot') by applying varying levels of (NH4)2SO4, KCL and

CaCl2. High N and K levels shortened the storage life, whereas Ca prolonged the marketability of the

fruit. Excessive applications of N in the fruit in contrast with applied K and Ca. Fruit acidity was

increased by applying high levels of N.K and Ca. Soluble solids in the fruit increased with N and Ca

decreased with K application. Ripening and maturity were delayed by applying high levels of and

apparently not affected by Ca.

00144 Santos, Ma. B.R. 1983. Effects of detopping and three growth regulators on the suckering ability of

Anthurium andreanum cv. Duangsmorn. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,


Abstract

The effect of plant condition and three growth regulators (Benzyladenine, kinetin and Gibberellic

acid) on the suckering ability of Anthurium andreanum cv. Duangsmorn was tested. In general,

breaking of dormancy of lateral buds was significantly greater in detopped plants with BA at 1000

ppm and 1500 ppm or kinetin at 1500 ppm also broke dormancy axillary buds in intact plants.

Benzyladenine at both concentrations were equally effective as detopping. Application of growth

regulators inhibited significantly elongation of lateral shoots markedly on detopped plants.

00145 Santos, R.A. 1979. Influence of maturity and storage temperature on physiological processes of

winged bean pods (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines


Abstract

Five pod maturity classes (14, 15, 16, 17 and 18) day-old) of winged bean variety TPT-2 were

stored at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25°C. Respiration rate, ethylene evolution and quality index were

determined. The respiration and ethylene evolution of all maturity clases stored at different

temperatures fluctuated with time. These fluctuations were attributed to the non-climacteric

behavior of the crop, chilling injury at low temperature and decay at high temperature. No significant

differences were observed in average respiration rate and ethylene evolution among the maturity

clases studied. Pods stored at 5 and 10°C deteriorated earlier due to chilling injury. Storage at 15 to

25°C resulted in deterioration due to decay. Among the maturity classes, 15 and 16-day old pods

were found to have the longest shelf-life at all temperatures. The optimum temperature for storage

of winged bean pods was found to be 15°C. At this temperature, respiration rate and ethylene

evolution were lower and storage life of pods were longer regardless of maturity class.

00146 Sing, J.L. 1985. A preliminary study on the anatomy of fruit set in rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum

Linn.). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 81 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

Controlled pollination was made using a `Seematjan' tree to trace the pollen tube growth and to

determine how soon is fruit set from the time of pollination. Flowers were collected at different

stages of development, killed and fixed in FAA, sectioned and stained using standard histological

procedures. In this study however, only the initial development of the embryo sac was observed due

to technical difficulties in obtaining the desired sections despite voluminous samples prepared. The

ovule of the rambutan pistil appears anatropous and bitegmic, with the inner integuments forming

the micropyle. Initiation of the embryo sac formation was 3 days after pollination and matured 3 days

later (6 days after pollination), which confirms that this stage is ready for fertilization. Future works

are suggested to ascertain processes leading to fertilization and fruit set.

00147 Sy, J.A. 1983. Pasteur effect studies on mango. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,


Abstract

Newly harvested, 113 days-old `Carabao' mango fruits were used to ascertain the critical O2

concentration and the effects of different oxygen levels on the respiration of the fruits. A total of

eight oxygen levels (0, 1.5, 2.4, 3.0, 3.8 6.4, 12.1 and 21.0 percent), each representing a treatment,

were employed in a flow through system for 7 days. The set-up for establishing O2 levels by mixing

N2 gas and air was discussed and was found to be reasonably close to the theoretical or calculated

values within 10 percent variation. Oxygen consumption analyses indicated some discrepancies.

These were attributed to (1) some inherent errors in the experimental set-up that deserve further

investigation or refinements and (2) possibility of O2 production by photosynthesizing mangoes

which merits more critical research. Based on the mean daily CO2 production and the loss in weight,

the best method of storing mangoes under 20°C temperature is at 3.0 percent O2. Above and below

this level, CO2 production and weight loss increased.

00148 Tagumpay, E.A. 1991. Baby aster and gladiolus production and management in Barrio Bayog, Los

Baños, Laguna. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 52 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

Ornamental Crops Nursery and at the Fruit Crops Nursery of the Department of Horticulture,

UPLB-CA from November l988 to March l988. This phase included the identification and labelling of

ornamental plants, media preparation, potting and repotting, fertilizer application, plant propagation

and other cultural practices. The production and marketing of Baby aster and gladioulus in Bo.

Bayog, Los Baños was studied in the off-campus phase from October l990 to January l99l.

Information on the cultural methods for Baby aster and gladiolus production were obtained through

interviews with 45 randomly selected growers. The survey shows that the major problems

encountered by the growers are the high cost of production, lack of storage facilities near the farm,

wider price fluctuation of cutflowers and losses due to typhoons. It is therefore recommended that a

cooperative be formed. Through this cooperative, the growers can help one another and cut-throat

competition will be eliminated. A bigger cold storage facility should be installed aside from the

existing ones in UPLB so that growers need to go other places. This would also help the farmers

minimize on transport cost. As regards the problem on typhoon associated losses, windbreaks should

be planted to minimize the damage brought about by strong winds. Drainage canals should be

constructed and plots should be raised to minimize the effect of flooding. Technical improvement of

the present lighting practice for Baby aster must be made to reduce energy cost.

00149 Talahiban, Z.D. 2007. Assessment of the aesthetic value and growth of herbs and spices in containers

as components of the Herba Hortikultura Garden, Agri-Park, College of Agriculture, University of

the Philippines Los Baños. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 94


00150 Tamayo, L.O. 1995. Effect of ethylene adsorbent on the postharvest life of Vanda 'JVB' spikes held

under modified atmosphere. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.


Abstract

Two laboratory experiments were conducted from June to October 1992. The first one was

directed to determine the optimum number of three-gram sachet of PHTRC ethylene adsorbent (PEA)

required to maintain flower quality during a five-day storage period at 20°C, as well as an acceptable

vaselife at ambient condition after storage. The response of two stages of maturity (75 percent open

spikes and 100 percent open spikes) was also evaluated. Storing one Vanda spike with at least two

sachets of ethylene adsorbent gave the best results in terms of vaselife. The stage of maturity of the

spikes, did not have a significant effect on cost of the parameters studied such as gas

production/consumption, visual quality rating (VQR), weight loss and vaselife. The second

experiment compared the effects of Modified Atmosphere (MA)- storage in conjunction with low

temperature storage, the use of PEA and silver thiosulfate (STS) solution. Results show that low

temperature (15°C) was not as effective in maintaing the freshness of the flowers even in conjunction

with MA, in terms of VQR, vaselife and weight loss compared to the use of PEA or STS during storage.

Control spikes reached their limit of marketability at the end of the five-day storage period at 20°C

while the rest when displayed at ambient conditions after five days of storage at 15° or 20°C, lasted

in good condition for at least six days.

00151 Teodoro, Ma. M.A. 1987. Growth and flowering responses of unstopped and stopped potted

poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrimma Willd.)cv. Plenissima to growth retardant, Alar 85. BS Thesis,


Abstract

The growth retardant, Alar 85 (N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid), was applied on poinsettia

plants to control their vegetative growth and flowering. It was found effective in reducing plant

height at about 6000 to 8000 ppm concentrations. The number of nodes was decreased and the main

stem diameter was thickened at higher concentrations of the growth retardant. There was no

observed bract development on all plants but flower buds were formed which had been aborted after

about a month. There was no apparent phytotoxic effect on plants by any of the concentrations of

Alar 85 used.

00152 Topacio, J.T. 1978. Effects of simulated handling injuries on the storage life and quality of ginger

(Zingiber officinale Roscoe). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.


Abstract

`Hawaiian' ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) rhizomes were subjected to different handling

treatments simulating the injuries incurred during the processes of digging, picking and emptying into

containers, transporting and storing to determine their effects on the storage life and quality of the

rhizomes. With time, sugar content increased and starch content generally decreased but the crude

fiber content remained constant. Rhizomes sustaining cuts, compression and abrasion injuries

exhibited the highest loss in weight, rate of respiration, decrease in starch content, visual quality

index and therefore, the shortest storage life. On the other hand, carefully-handled rhizomes had the

lowest weight loss and respiration rate but with the highest starch content and visual quality index.

Rhizomes sustaining cuts had more weight loss than those with either abrasion or compression

injuries, and the effect of cuts on the rate of respiration is comparable to the combined effects of the

two latter injuries.

00153 Torsar, M.A. 2007. Production and management of papaya in Ato Belen's Farm, Brgy. San Juan, San

Pablo City, Laguna. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 68 leaves.

(unpublished)

Abstract

The major farm practice on papaya production and management was conducted at Ato Belen’s

Farm in Brgy. San Juan, San Pablo City, Laguna from the period of May-September 2006. The farm is

owned and being managed by Mr. Renato Belen, together with his wife, Mrs. Eleanor Amante-Belen.

The farm consists of a 1.5 ha of nursery and 13-hectare orchard, which is planted to different fruit

crops like banana, lanzones, rambutan and papaya. The total area planted to papaya is 3.2 ha and is

intercropped with banana, rambutan and lanzones. Seedlings were raised inside the greenhouse and

transplanted to the filed after about 38 days from sowing. The plants were fertilized initially every

month but starting on the 5th

month, fertilizer was applied every two months until the end of its

productive year. Soil test analysis was done to determine the availability of the nutrients in the soil.

The farm is dependent on the rain for its water requirement except during the months of March and

April when plants are irrigated individually. Control of anthracnose and fruit flies was done with the

use of fungicide and insecticide. The Farm has so far produced about 60,000 marketable fruits with a

gross income of P540,000.00. Production cost was P129,799.00 giving a net income of P410,201.00 or

an average net income of P205.10 per papaya tree.

00154 Umali, B.E. 1975. Effects of wax-ethylene and wax-acetylene combinations on some postharvest

characteristics of bananas. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 24


Ethylene and acetylene gases were bubbled in three types of waxes (Prima Fresh, Banana Wax,

and Traffic Grade) to find out if weight loss would be minimized in time with early ripening of

`Bungulan' bananas. Standard degreening agents like Ethephon (1000 ppm), ethylene (1000 ppm),

and CaC2 (10 gm/20 L space) were concurrently used in `Bungulan' bananas to compare their color

development, weight loss, and chemical changes with the same changes in fruits treated with waxes

and gas-wax formulations. Fruits trerated with degreening agents ripened a week earlier. Waxed

treatments delayed slightly the color development of full three-quarter bananas. However, waxed

light three-quarter fruits had significantly slower color development than the control. color

development in fruits treated with wax-ethylene and wax-acetylene formulations was not

significantly minimized by Banana Wax and Traffic Grade waxes, wax-ethylene and wax-acetylene

mixtures. Total soluble solids and titratable acidity of the fruits coated with waxes, wax-ethylene, and

wax-acetylene formulations were nearly the same as the control. However, bananas treated with

degreening agents had slightly higher solids and lower acid than control.

00155 Valdez, N.B. 1981. The use of liners to minimize the quality decline of ampalaya (Momordica

charantia L.). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 35 leaves.

(unpublished)

Ampalaya fruits from Looc, Calamba, Laguna were transported directly after harvest to the

PHTRC at College, Laguna using "kaing" that were unlined (control) and lined with banana leaves,

plastic films or newspapers to determine the effect of the use of liners on the percentage injury,

chlorophyll content, weith loss, respiration rate and visual quality index of the fruits. Percentage

injury and respiration of ampalaya fruits were reduced with the use of liners during transport. When

the fruits were stored at ambient temperature in the same containers used during transport, the use

of any of the liners slowed down chlorophyll degradation, weight loss and decline in visual quality

index. There were no significant differences due to the lining materials. When stored for more than

three days, plastic films and newspapers were more effective than banana leaves in slowing down

chlorophyll degradation and decline in visual quality index. This was due to the deterioration of the

banana leaves after three days.

00156 Valenzuela, A.L.A. 2002. Potential competition and synergism of the fungi causing the banana (Musa

sp.) crown rot complex. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 32


Abstract

Six fungal species were isolated from diseased banana fruits obtained from fruit stands and the

market in Los Banos, Laguna. They were tested for pathogenicity and three isolates were proven to

cause crown rot. Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat., Colletotrichum musae Berk. and Curt. and Fusarium

Sheld. were the pathogenic fungi that were identified. Among the three fungi, L. theobromae

produced the largest lesions when the fungi were inoculated individually in banana fruits. When L.

theobromae was mixed with C. musae and F. moniliforme as inoculin, the rotting caused was less

compared to the treatment with L. theobromae alone, indicating some competition among the

fungal pathogens. No differences in disease severity were observed when C. musae or F. moniliforme

were used singly as inoculum or in combination with the other pathogens. No synergism was

observed in the study.

00157 Valera, N.B. 1982. Effect of floral preservatives on the vase life of low temperature dry-packed stored

roses. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 41 leaves.

(unpublished)

00158 Valones. T.M. 1979. A major practice report in ornamental horticulture. BS Thesis, University of the


Abstract

The major practice program was divided into two phrases: activities done on-campus

(Ornamental Horticulture Nursery) and off-campus (Bayog, Los Baños, Laguna). The student

practitioner had the chance to integrate various principles in ornamental crop production (e.g. plant

indentification, fertilization, use of plant growth regulators and postharvest treatment) and to be

exposed to practical production problems. The second phase of the study dealt on the cultural

production and marketing practices of gladiolus growers in Bayog, Los Baños, Laguna. These aspects

were analyzed in detail in order to identify socio-economic, biological and physical problems

besetting the gladiolus industry in Bayog. In general, low farm profitability resulted out of an

inefficient management and full productive land, lack of limited and high costs of hired labor. To

improve the industry, several approaches were determined - employing improved farm technology;

adjusting production to the supply and demand situation and marketing through farmers'

association.

00159 Vargas, G.V. 1995. Production and management of anthuriums in Los Baños, Laguna. BS Thesis,


Abstract

The off-campus phase of the major practice program was conducted in the municipality of Los Banos in two separate barangays, namely, Batong Malake and Putho from December 1994 up to Februaury 3, 1995. Three representative anthurium farms were selected with the following production area of 2,000, 3,200 and 10,000 sq meters, respectively. Through direct participation and observation, the different farming operations for anthurium growing such as propagation, planting, weeding, fertilization, irrigation, pesticide application, disease control, grading, harvesting, and marketing were documented. Regardless of the area of production, the three representative farms employ similar operations in production and marketing. Problems encountered were identified and appropriate solutions were recommended.

00160 Vicencio, P.G. 1974. Factors affecting physiological brown spots in bungulan bananas. BS Thesis,


Abstract

Pre-ripening treatments, such as fungicides, temperature, ethephon, calcium carbide, volatile

adsorbers and sucrose were used to determine their effects on the severity of physiological brown-

spotting on`Bungulan' bananas. Spotting was found to be associated with chlorophyll degradation

and oxygen levels. The more yellow the fruits were (fully degreened at 70°F), the more severe the

spotting conversely, greenish yellow fruits (ripened at 82°F) produced lesser spotting. Low oxygen

levels prevented the development of spots even at full yellow stage. Exposing yellow fruits to the

atmosphere promoted the development of brown-spotswithin a few minutes, thus spotting of

`Bungulan' banana could be due to oxidation reaction. Fungicides like Benlate, Tecto 90 and

Manzate T did not affect thetime of spot appearance and degree of spotting. This confirms the

physiogenic nature of brown-spotting.

00161 Villena, Z.O. 1978. Influence of the length of the curing period on the quality and storage life of

ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,


Abstract

`Hawaiian' ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) rhizomes were subjected to varying lengths of

curing periods ranging from 3 to l8 days at a temperature of 26.ll°C to 30°C and a relative humidity of

60% to 90%. The weight loss immediately after treatment increased with the length of the curing

period. This trend continued up to the 12th

week from harvest. On the 12th

week, the weight loss of

the rhizomes cured from 18 days was significantly higher than those of the rest. Respiration rate was

not affected although those of 3, 6 and 9 were slightly lower than that of the uncured rhizomes

which may be indicative of a longer potential storage life. The starch, sugar and fiber content of the

rhizomes were also unaffected. Variation in the visual quality of the rhizomes cured for different

number of days only because evident on the 5th

month of storage. The rhizomes cured for 9 days

were of better quality than the rest of the cured rhizomes, while those cured for 15 days were of the

lowest quality.

00162 Villodres, N.A. 1998. The postharvest behavior of saba banana subjected to waterlogged condition

during development. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 72


Abstract

The postharvest behavior of Saba banana fruits obtained from plants in a wtarelogged area was

compared with those from plants in a well-drained area. Fruits from waterlogged plants exhibited

accelerated ripening. This was accompanied by increases in the level of 1-aminocyclopropane-

1carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene which control the onset of various physico-chemical changes

associated with ripening: color development, decrease in pulp firmness, hydrolysis of starch,

accumulation of sugars and decline in AIS content. Green-and shelf-life were also reduced compared

to fruits from plants in the well-drained area. However, apart from the rate of ripening, the

postharvest changes in Saba fruit from waterlogged plants were comparable to those observed in

fruits from well-drained areas. No abnormal lignification and phenolic build-up were observed.

00163 Vizmonte, E.V. 1982. Farm level storage of yellow granex onion using sawdust and rice hull. BS Thesis,


Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the best number of layer of onions that may be used in

storing yellow granex onion variety using sawdust and ricehull as the storage media. The treatments

used on the study were B1 - one layer, B2 - two layers, B3 - three layers. The storage media used

were: K1 - sawdust and K2- rice hull. Results showed that the percentage marketable recoveries were

significantly different after four months of storage. Storing yellow granex onion bulbs in two layers,

using sawdust resulted in the highest recovery of marketable bulbs. On other hand, no appreciable

differences on the percentage recovery were noted in storing the bulbs or any layer and in any

storing materials used on the study. Results further revealed that onion bulbs stored in one layer

exhibited the highest percentage recovery at the end of the 12th week of storage. However,

economic analysis shows that yellow granex should not be stored beyond six weeks. Longer than six

weeks may result in a low profit. Maximum profit is calculated at its 4th week of storage using one

layer of onions and sawdust as the medium of storage.

Documents

BS THESES - University of the Philippines Los Baños THESES 00001 Abaño, A.A. 2001. Production and management of small trees and shrubs at Kalikasan Nursery, San Antonio, Quezon