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BRITISH STANDARD BS 4072:1999

ICS 71.100.50

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

Copper/chromium/arsenicpreparations for woodpreservation

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This British Standard, havingbeen prepared under thedirection of the SectorCommittee for Materials andChemicals, was published underthe authority of the StandardsCommittee and comes into effecton 15 December 1999

BSI 12-1999

First published as BS 4072,October 1966

Second edition, March 1974Third edition, as BS 4072-1 and

BS 4072-2, August 1987Fourth edition, as BS 4072,

December 1999

The following BSI referencesrelate to the work on thisstandard:Committee reference B/515/2Draft for comment 96/107885 DC

ISBN 0 580 33077 X

BS 4072:1999

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

Committees responsible for thisBritish Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical CommitteeB/515, Wood preservation, to Subcommittee B/515/2, Specification and chemicaltesting for wood preservatives, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Association of Consulting Scientists

British Telecommunications plc

British Wood Preserving and Damp-proofing Association

Chemical Industries Association

Creosote Council

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions Ð represented by the

Building Research Establishment

Timber Research and Development Association

Timber Trade Federation

Coopted members

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BSI 12-1999 i

Contents

Page

Committees responsible Inside front cover

Foreword ii

1 Scope 1

2 Normative references 1

3 Composition 1

4 Sampling 2

5 Insoluble matter 2

6 pH value of solution 2

7 Analysis 2

Annex A (normative) Determination of insoluble matter 3

Annex B (normative) Determination of pH 3

Annex C (informative) Guidance on the treatment and drying of treated timberand on the properties of treated timber 4

Annex D (informative) Method for determination of the concentration of aworking solution using a hydrometer 5

Bibliography 7

Figure D.1 Example of a nomogram which can be used to determine theconcentration of a working solution of preservative from information ontemperature and specific gravity 6

Table 1 Ð Nominal and minimum proportions of components in formulationsbased on hydrated salts 1

Table 2 Ð Nominal and minimum proportions of components in formulationsbased on metal oxides 2

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ii BSI 12-1999

BS 4072:1999

Foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/515/2. It supersedesBS 4072-1:1987 and BS 4072-2:1987, which are withdrawn.

This revision of BS 4072 gives the specification for copper/chromium/arsenic (CCA)wood preservatives, for use in the United Kingdom, previously given in BS 4072-1.Oxide based formulations are now also specified. Guidance on methods for timbertreatment, previously covered by BS 4072-2, is now given in an informative annex.

WARNING. This standard calls for the use of substances that may be injurious tohealth if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability anddoes not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety at anystage.

Attention is drawn especially to the hazardous nature of the formulations and theirsolutions. Particular care and the use of appropriate protective clothing is necessary.Special precautions are required for the disposal of solutions.

Annexes A and B are normative. Annexes C and D are informative.

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity fromlegal obligations.

In particular, attention is drawn to the fact that products conforming to BS 4072require approval under the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 [1] before they canbe supplied, stored, advertised or used in the United Kingdom.

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,pages 1 to 7 and a back cover.

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document waslast issued.

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BS 4072:1999

Table 1 Ð Nominal and minimum proportions of components in formulations based onhydrated salts

Component Type 1 preservatives Type 2 preservatives

Nominal Minimum Nominal Minimum

% m/m % m/m % m/m % m/m

Copper(as CuSO4.5H2O)

32.6 29.5 35.0 31.5

Chromium(as Na2Cr2O7.2H2O)

41.0 37.0 45.0 40.5

Arsenic(as As2O5.2H2O)

26.4 23.5 20.0 18.0

1 ScopeThis standard specifies requirements for two types ofwaterborne preservatives containing mixtures ofcompounds of copper (II), chromium (VI) andarsenic (V) for application to timber to protect itagainst attack in service by wood-destroyingorganisms.

NOTE 1 Test methods are given in annex A and annex B andguidance on methods of timber treatment is given in annex C.

NOTE 2 The preparations are not necessarily suitable for allwood preservation applications. Advice on their suitability is givenin BS 1282 and in commodity specifications and codes of practicefor timber preservation.

2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents containprovisions which, through reference in this text,constitute provisions of this British Standard. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to, orrevisions of, any of these publications do not apply.For undated references, the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies.

BS 1647-1:1984, pH measurement Ð Part 1:Specification for pH scale.

BS 1752:1983, Specification for laboratory sinteredor fritted filters including porosity grading.

BS 1792, Specification for one-mark volumetricflasks.

BS 2586, Specification for glass and referenceelectrodes for the measurement of pH.

BS 2648, Performance requirements forelectrically-heated laboratory drying ovens.

BS 3145, Specification for laboratory pH meters.

BS 5666-1, Methods of analysis of wood preservativesand treated timber Ð Part 1: Guide to samplingand preparation of wood preservatives and treatedtimber for analysis.

BS 5666-3, Methods of analysis of wood preservativesand treated timber Ð Part 3: Quantitative analysisof preservatives and treated timber containingcopper/chromium/arsenic formulations.

BS EN ISO 3696:1995, Water for analytical laboratoryuse Ð Specification and test methods.

3 Composition

3.1 Raw materials

The preservatives shall consist of a mixture ofcompounds of copper (II), chromium (VI) andarsenic (V).

NOTE 1 The preferred mixtures of compounds are as follows:

a) copper (II) sulfate, sodium dichromate and hydratedarsenic (V) oxide;

b) copper (II) oxide, chromium (VI) oxide and arsenic (V)oxide. NOTE 2 Minor additives are permitted.

3.2 Formulation

Two formulations are specified (designatedtype 1 and type 2, respectively). The nominalproportion and the minimum proportion of eachcomponent in the preservative formulation shall beas specified in Table 1 for salt based formulations oras specified in Table 2 for oxide based formulations.The sum of the proportions of the individualcomponents shall be not less than 95 % (m/m).

NOTE 1 Variations in composition from the nominal compositioncan arise because of variations in the purity of the ingredients ofthe mixture.

The preservatives shall be supplied as mixtures.

NOTE 2 The usual forms are as a paste or as a concentratedsolution for subsequent dilution.

NOTE 3 Preservatives as supplied can vary in concentration as aresult of variations in water content.

The containers in which the preservatives aresupplied shall carry information on the mass of thepreservative mixture equivalent to unit mass of thepreservative formulation as specified in Table 1 orTable 2, as applicable.

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2 BSI 12- 1999

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Table 2 Ð Nominal and minimum proportions of components in formulations based onmetal oxides

Component Type 1 preservatives Type 2 preservatives

Nominal Minimum Nominal Minimum% m/m % m/m % m/m % m/m

Copper(as CuO)

17.1 15.5 19.1 17.2

Chromium(as CrO3)

45.3 40.9 51.4 46.3

Arsenic(as As2O5)

37.6 33.5 29.5 26.6

4 SamplingThe preservative mixture shall be sampled inaccordance with BS 5666-1.

5 Insoluble matterWhen tested in accordance with annex A, thecontent of insoluble matter in the preservativemixture shall be not more than 0.1 % (m/m).

6 pH value of solutionWhen tested in accordance with annex B the pHvalue of a solution containing the equivalent of 20 g/lof the salt based preservative formulation, or theequivalent of 12 g/l of the oxide based preservativeformulation, shall be in the range 1.8 to 2.8.

7 AnalysisThe copper, chromium and arsenic contents of thepreservative mixture shall be determined inaccordance with BS 5666-3 on a sample prepared inaccordance with BS 5666-1.

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BS 4072:1999

BSI 12-1999 3

Annex A (normative)

Determination of insoluble matter

A.1 Reagent

A.1.1 Water, conforming to grade 3 as specified inBS EN ISO 3696:1995.

A.2 Apparatus

Ordinary laboratory apparatus, together with thefollowing.

A.2.1 Sintered glass filter, pore size indexP40 conforming to BS 1752:1983.

A.2.2 Laboratory drying oven, capable of beingadjusted to (105 ± 5) 8C, conforming to BS 2648.

A.2.3 One-mark volumetric flask, 500 ml capacity,conforming to BS 1792.

A.2.4 Analytical balance.

A.3 Preparation of test portion

Place a sintered glass filter (A.2.1) in the drying oven(A.2.2) previously adjusted to (105 ± 5) 8C. Dry for aperiod of 1 h, transfer to a desiccator and allow to coolto room temperature. Weigh the filter then repeat thedrying, cooling and weighing operations until thedifference between two successive weighings is notgreater than 0.5 mg.

Take a mass of the preservative sample which containsthe equivalent of (10 ± 0.1) g of the salt basedformulation or (6 ± 0.1) g of the oxide basedformulation and weigh it to the nearest 0.001 g.Transfer this test portion to a beaker and dissolve itin 250 ml of warm water (not exceeding 40 8C), stirringcontinuously. Allow the solution to cool to roomtemperature and filter it through the pre-weighedsintered glass filter into a 500 ml one-mark volumetricflask (A.2.3). Wash the beaker and the residue fivetimes with (10 ± 1) ml portions of warm water (notexceeding 40 8C), collecting the washings in a cleanbeaker. Allow the washings to cool to roomtemperature and then quantitatively transfer thewashings to the 500 ml flask. Dilute to the mark withwater (A.1.1) and reserve for the determination of thepH value (see annex B).

A.4 Determination

Transfer the sintered glass filter containing the residuefrom A.3 to the drying oven (A.2.2) previouslyadjusted to (105 ± 5) 8C. Dry for a period of 1 h,transfer to a desiccator and allow to cool in thedesiccator to room temperature. Weigh the filter thenrepeat the drying, cooling and weighing operationsuntil the difference between two successive weighingsis not greater than 0.5 mg.

A.5 Calculation

Calculate the quantity of insoluble matter in thepreservative mixture (M) as a percentage by mass(% m/m) using the following equation:

M = 3 100m2 2 m1

m3

where:

m1 is the mass of the dried sintered glass filterin grams (g);

m2 is the mass of the sintered glass filter andresidue after drying in grams (g);

m3 is the mass of the test portion (see A.3) ingrams (g).

Annex B (normative)

Determination of pH

B.1 Reagent

B.1.1 Water, conforming to grade 3 as specified inBS EN ISO 3696:1995.

B.2 Apparatus

Ordinary laboratory apparatus, together with thefollowing.

B.2.1 Sintered glass filter, pore size indexP40 conforming to BS 1752:1983.

B.2.2 pH meter, conforming to BS 3145, fitted withelectrodes conforming to BS 2586.

B.2.3 One-mark volumetric flask, 500 ml capacity,conforming to BS 1792.

B.2.4 Analytical balance.

B.3 Preparation of test solution

Follow the procedure described in A.3 to obtain a testsolution of the preservative in a 500 ml one-markvolumetric flask.

NOTE If the pH value alone is to be determined, there is nonecessity to dry and weigh the sintered glass filter.

B.4 Determination

Determine the pH of the test solution prepared inaccordance with A.3 at (20 ± 1) 8C using the pH meter(B.2.2) in accordance with the procedure described foraccuracy class 0.3 given in BS 1647-1:1984, B.4.

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4 BSI 12-1999

BS 4072:1999

1) Pressure values given are relative to a gauge pressure of zero bar at atmospheric pressure.

Annex C (informative)

Guidance on the treatment and drying oftreated timber and on the properties oftreated timber

C.1 General

This annex gives guidance on the treatment of timberusing waterborne copper/chromium/arsenic (CCA)wood preservative formulations conforming to thisstandard.

C.2 Preservative solution

C.2.1 Preparation of working solution

The working solution should be prepared from one ofthe formulations specified in this standard and shouldbe mixed thoroughly before initial use. Theconcentration of the working solution can bedetermined using a hydrometer, using the methodgiven in annex D.

C.2.2 Storage temperature

The working solution temperature should not beallowed to exceed 40 8C, as this can lead to solutioninstability, deposition of active ingredients and sludgeon treated timbers.

C.2.3 Analysis of working solution

If required, the proportions of the active ingredients inthe working solutions can be determined inaccordance with BS 5666-3.

The pH can be determined using the method given inannex B.

C.3 Loading of timber in the treatment cylinder

As far as practicable, only timbers of the same speciesand similar cross-sectional areas should be treated inthe same charge. Timbers for which different schedulesare appropriate, owing to either size or species, shouldnot be treated in the same charge, unless the mostintense schedule can be applied without detriment tothose timbers that are more easily treated.

The timber should be stacked in the cylinder in such away that the CCA preservative solution has free accessto all surfaces of the timber. If necessary, the timbershould be separated by sticks or laths.NOTE The use of sticks or laths is particularly important whenplaned timber is to be treated.

C.4 Treatment schedules

C.4.1 General

Treatment schedules for waterborne CCA preservativesare normally based on high vacuum and pressurecycles, and are carried out industrially in sealedtreatment cylinders.

Examples of a full cell (Bethel) process and an emptycell (Lowry) process are given in C.4.2 and C.4.3,respectively.

C.4.2 Full cell (Bethel) process

C.4.2.1 Initial vacuum stage

The timber should be subjected to an initial vacuum ofat least 20.8 bar (20.8 3 105 Pa)1) and maintained atthis pressure for an appropriate time.

C.4.2.2 Flooding

On completion of the initial vacuum stage thetreatment cylinder should be flooded with preservativesolution before the vacuum is released.

C.4.2.3 Pressure stage

The timber and preservative in the cylinder should besubjected to a minimum hydraulic pressure of 12.4 bar(12.43 105 Pa)1) for an appropriate time. The pressureperiod begins when the pressure first reaches 12.4 bar.

Under exceptional circumstances a lower pressure[minimum 10 bar (103 105 Pa)1)] and consequentextension of the pressure period is necessary to avoidcollapse of the timber.

C.4.2.4 Final vacuum stage

At the end of the pressure stage, the cylinder shouldbe emptied of preservative solution and a final vacuumshould be applied. The vacuum should be released assoon as the gauge reading reaches a vacuum of20.8 bar (20.8 3 105 Pa)1), or after 15 min, whicheveris the sooner.

C.4.3 Empty cell (Lowry) process

C.4.3.1 Flooding

After loading, the cylinder should be flooded withpreservative solution at atmospheric pressure.

C.4.3.2 Pressure stage

The timber and preservative in the cylinder should besubjected to the pressure recommended in C.4.2.3, foran appropriate period.

C.4.3.3 Final vacuum stage

If a final vacuum stage is required, the proceduredescribed in C.4.2.4 should be carried out.

C.5 Post treatment processing of treated timber

C.5.1 Post treatment storage

Under the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 [1] itis required that timber freshly treated with CCA woodpreservative that has not undergone an acceleratedfixation process is stored on-site for at least 48 hbefore despatch to allow the timber to drain and toallow fixation to commence.

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C.5.2 Accelerated fixation

Accelerated fixation systems increase the rate at whichfixation takes place. Under controlled conditionstimber subjected to an accelerated fixation process canbe moved from the treatment site less than 48 h aftertreatment, but advice on this should be sought fromthe preservative manufacturer.

The accelerated fixation process involves an input ofenergy to the timber to raise its temperature and henceincrease the rate of fixation. This can be achieved by avariety of methods including steaming and immersionin hot water.

C.5.3 Drying of treated timber

Treated timber will dry naturally with adequate aircirculation.

If treated timber is required at a specific moisturecontent or is required to be dried more quickly then itcan be kiln dried, taking precautions to avoidmovement or splitting. The rate of drying of treatedtimber should be carefully controlled or it will affectfixation.

C.6 Post treatment operations on treatedtimber

C.6.1 Additional preservative treatment afterfabrication

It is recommended that all fabrication such as cross-cutting, notching or drilling for bolts should becompleted before treatment. However, if it isunavoidable that such operations are carried out afterany pressure impregnation treatment, the exposedsurfaces of the timber should be treated liberally, bybrushing, spraying or dipping, with a preservativeformulation recommended by the preservativemanufacturer.

This remedial treatment will not replace the fullpreservative protection of the impregnation process.

C.6.2 Painting

Any treated timber that is to be stained, painted orvarnished should be allowed to dry to the moisturecontent specified by the supplier of the coating. Thesurface of the dried timber should be brushed toremove any surface deposits.

C.6.3 Gluing

The preservative manufacturer should be consulted forrecommended adhesives. Before application of theadhesive the treated timber should be lightly sanded orbrushed with a wire brush to remove any surfacedeposits.

The adhesive manufacturer's instructions concerningthe moisture content of the timber should be followed.

C.6.4 Application of metal fixings

CCA treated timber has a long life expectancy,therefore metal fixings should be chosen to give acomparable life.

Certain types of metal fixing are liable to corrode if thewood in which they are embedded becomes wet.

Where there is a risk that the moisture content of thetimber will exceed 20 % (m/m), the metal fixings shouldbe chosen so that the effects of corrosion areminimized taking the following into account.

a) Fittings to the timber should not be fixeduntil 14 days after treatment or until the moisturecontent has fallen below 20 % (m/m).

b) If the timber is likely to become wet and a longservice life is required, fittings of austenitic stainlesssteel (excluding free machining grades), or copperor silicon bronze should be used in preference toother types of fitting.

c) Account should be taken of the likelihood ofcorrosion against intended service life of thecomponent in selecting such fittings.

NOTE 1 If only occasional dampness is expected, coated lowcarbon steel (e.g. sherardized, galvanized or cadmium plated)fittings can be used. Better performance will be obtained fromfittings with thicker coatings.

d) Fittings of unprotected low carbon steel, iron andaluminium should be used only on timber themoisture content of which is expected to remainbelow 20 % (m/m) for most of its service life andthen only in indoor or well protected environments.Aluminium alloys containing copper should not beused.

e) Sheet aluminium roof coverings or claddingsshould not be used in direct contact with CCAtreated timber.

NOTE 2 Aluminium roof coverings or claddings can be used ifa bitumen emulsion, bitumen barrier paper or felt or othersuitable water repellent barrier is placed between the timberand the aluminium sheeting.

Annex D (informative)

Method for determination of theconcentration of a working solution usinga hydrometer

D.1 Apparatus

D.1.1 Hydrometer, conforming to series L50 asspecified in BS 718:1991, graduated for medium surfacetension and calibrated relative to water at atemperature of (15.5 ± 0.1) 8C.

D.1.2 Glass cylinder, of nominal capacity 500 ml,preferably ungraduated but otherwise conforming toBS 604.

D.1.3 Thermometer, total immersion type, conformingto BS 593:1989. Type A 40 ÊC is suitable.

D.2 Procedure

Obtain a representative sample of about 500 ml of theworking solution.

Transfer the solution to the glass cylinder (D.1.2) andplace the cylinder on a level surface.

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Figure D.1 Ð Example of a nomogram which can be used to determinethe concentration of a working solution of preservative frominformation on temperature and specific gravity

Insert the thermometer (D.1.3) into the solution andwhen the temperature has reached equilibrium with itssurroundings and has remained constant for 1 minrecord the temperature and then remove thethermometer from the solution.Ensure that the hydrometer (D.1.1) is clean and dry.Place the hydrometer in the solution and when it hassettled to a constant level read off the solution level onthe graduated scale on the stem of the of thehydrometer, with the eye directly in line with thesurface of the solution. Record the reading to thenearest 0.000 5.

Using an accurately prepared nomogram specific to thepreservative formulation (normally supplied by thepreservative manufacturer) (see Figure D.1), place astraight edged ruler across the temperature andhydrometer reading (specific gravity) scales at thepoints recorded for the solution sample. Theconcentration (in grams per litre) of the solution undertest is given by the point at which the ruler intersectsthe concentration scale.

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Bibliography

Standards publications

BS 593:1989, Specification for laboratory thermometers.

BS 604:1982, Specification for graduated glass measuring cylinders.

BS 718:1991, Specification for density hydrometers.

BS 1282:1999, Wood preservatives ± Guidance on choice, use and application.

Other document

[1] GREAT BRITAIN. Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986. SI 1986/1510. London: The Stationery Office.

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BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4AL

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