BRUSLESS DC ELECTRIC MOTOR

BRUSHLESS MOTOR ANDITS APPLICATIONSSUBMITTED TOPROF. JAIMALA GAMBHIR

SUBMITTED BYAMANDEEP SINGH(13104036)ANKUSH GARG(13104050)CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONCONSTRUCTIONWORKINGADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESCOMPARISON WITH BRUSHED MOTORAPPLICATIONSBRUSLESS DC ELECTRIC MOTOR

Brushless DC electric motor also known aselectronically commutated motor are powered by aDCelectric source via an integratedinverter/switching power supply.

STATORThe BLDC motor stator is made out of laminated steel stacked up to carry the windings. Windings in a stator can be arranged in two patterns; i.e. a star pattern (Y) or delta pattern (). The major difference between the two patterns is that the Y pattern gives high torque at low RPM and the pattern gives low torque at low RPM.

ROTORThe rotor of a typical BLDC motor is made out of permanent magnets. Depending upon the application requirements, the number of poles in the rotor may vary. Increasing the number of poles does give better torque but at the cost of reducing the maximum possible speed

WORKINGThe armature contains anelectromagnet. When you run electricity into this electromagnet, it creates a magnetic field in the armature that attracts and repels the magnets in the rotor. So the rotor spins through 180 degrees. To keep it spinning, we have to change the poles of the electromagnet. The hall sensor handle this change in polarity. Hall sensor is attached to the stator when it faces the magnets perpendicularly and can distinguish if the north or south pole is in front of it.Hall sensor change the polarity of the supply accordingly.As there is no commutator current direction is controlled electronically.Hall sensors are used to determine the position during commutation.ADVANTAGESIncreased efficiency and reliabilityLonger lifeElimination of sparksNoiseless operationLight weightSmall in sizeMaintanence freeSpeed control over wide range of speed.

DISADVANTAGESRequire complex circuitAdditional sensorsHigher costProfessionals required to operate it.Electronic controller very sensitive to voltage spikes

BRUSHLESS V/S BRUSHED MOTOR

APPLICATIONSBrushless motors are used computerhard drivesand CD/DVD players.Small cooling fans in electronic equipment are powered exclusively by brushless motors. They can be found in cordless power tools where the increased efficiency of the motor leads to longer periods of use.TRANSPORTHigh power brushless motors are found inelectric vehiclesandhybrid vehicles.A number ofelectric bicycles use brushless motors that are with the stator fixed solidly to the axle and the magnets attached to and rotating with the wheel.

HEATING AND VENTILATIONSInHVACandrefrigerationindustries use of brushless motors sharply increases instead of various types ofAC motors.The most significant reason to switch to a brushless motor is the dramatic reduction in power.The built-in microprocessor allows for programmability, better control over airflow, and serial communication.15INDUSTRIALENGINEERINGBrushless motors are primarily used for manufacturing engineering applications.Because of their high power density, good speed-torque characteristics, high efficiency and wide speed ranges and low maintenance.The most common uses of brushless DC motors in industrial engineering are linear motors. servomotors, actuators for industrial robots and feed drives for machine tools.

MOTION CONTROLSYSTEMSBrushless motors are commonly used as pump, fan and spindle drives in adjustable or variable speed applications. They can develop high torque with good speed response. They can be easily automated for remote control. Also they have good thermal characteristics and high energy efficiency.Brushless DC motors are widely used asservomotors since their precise motion is based upon a closedloop control systemthat provides tightly controlled and stable operation.

POSITIONING AND ACTUATION SYSTEMSFor assembly robots brushless stepper are used in manufacturing processes such as welding or painting. Brushless motors can also be used to drive linear actuators.Motors that directly produce linear motion are calledlinear motors. The advantage of linear motors is that they can produce linear motion without the need of atransmission system, such as gears or belts.

AEROMODELINGA microprocessor-controlled BLDC motor powering a micro radio-controlled airplane. Thisexternal rotor motor weighs 5g and consumes approximately 11W.Brushless motors are a popular motor choice formodel aircraftincludinghelicopters. They have revolutionized the market for electric-powered model flight.They have also encouraged a growth of simple , light weight electric model air craft. The large power-to-weight ratio of modern batteries and brushless motors allows models to ascend vertically, rather than climb gradually.The low noise and lack of mess compared to smallglow fuelinternal combustion engines is another reason for their popularity.

RADIO CONTROLLED CARSTheir popularity has also risen in theradio controlled cararea. These motors provide a great amount of power to RC cars.These cars can achieve speeds over 100 miles per hour (160km/h).Brushless motors are capable of producing more torque and have a larger peak RPM compared to nitro or gasoline powered engines.

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