Upload
michael-esak
View
228
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
1/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USAVinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
MANAGING YIELD BROILERS
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
2/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USAVinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Body Weight (g) of Male Broilers
Age 1989 1996 % Change
42 1970 (4.3 lbs.) 2380 (5.2 lbs.) 21%
49 2430 (5.3 lbs.) 2900 (6.4 lbs.) 20%
56 2869 (6.3 lbs) 3430 (7.5 lbs.) 20%
Leeson and Summers, 1997
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
3/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USAVinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Change in Body Weight of Male Broilers
AGE (Days) 1993 versus 1989 1996 versus 1993
7 +29 -18
14 +29 -15
21 +31 -13
28 +25 0
35 +17 +4
42 +14 +6
49 +14 +5
56 +14 +5
Leeson and Summers, 1997
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
4/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Question
Todays modern yield type broiler
is more or lessforgiving o
f
management inconsistencies than
yesterdays broiler?
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
5/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Answer
YES! Todays modern yield type
broiler is less forgiving of
manage
ment inconsistencies than
yesterdays broiler?
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
6/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
.. make sure that for Roasters
a high protein starter feed is fed and that the calories in the grower
and finisher feeds are not too high.
the ca-p ratio is proper and that no 3-nitro is fed at all.
limit the fat in the starter also.
square footage per bird is important. o not over crowd. Give 7.5
lb birds a square foot of floor space.
USA Intergrator Veterinarian comments
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
7/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Temperature
On days 0-14 chickens are Poikilothermic
Cant regulate body temperature
From days 15 to end are Homeothermic Maintain Body Temp within a narrow range
Thermal Neutral Zone = 65-75oF(18-24oC)
Hi yield broilers
tend to be smaller chicks .thereforebrooding conditions critical
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
8/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Body Temp of Chicks After Brief Cold Exposure
smaller Hi Yield chicks may be more affected
Cold Stress Treatment
(2.5 hrs @ 65oF (18
oC)
Time AfterStress
24 hrs 48 hrs 72 hrs 96 hrs
Young
Breeders
95.4 (35.2) 96.1 (35.6) 98.6 (37) 99.1 (37.3)
Old
Breeders
97.7 (36.5) 100.9 (36.3) 99.9 (37.2) 101.8 (38.8)
Weytjens et al., 1999
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
9/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
..in order to optimize yield potential,
all strains that I've tested should be marketed 7-8 weeks age.
if you maximize nutrition, environment, etc to enable the "best"
performance, then extensive sudden death-ascites mortality
invariably occurs (this is not true in a hot production scene-only temparatesituations).
mortality can be substancially relieved by imposing growth
restriction by one means or another early in development;
however, this restriction is concurrent to high breast meat developmentand this loss cannot be readily recovered in the remaining time before
market.
this loss is only apparent if you are deboning for breast meat, otherwise
its not a factor.
USA University Nutritionist Comments
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
10/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
is caused by reduced oxygen availability (ex. poorer lung/bloodcapacity, ventilation) or increased oxygen demand (ex. fast growth, coldtemperatures),
in response to above the heart works harder and enlarges to tryto supply more oxygen,
in some birds right heart fails & sudden death occurs. Bloodbecomes more viscous (PCV increases) and backs up throughoutbody,in chronic right heart failure, liver enlarges and fluid seepsinto the abdomen..."water belly".
yield type broilers are more susceptible to ascites. This isprobably because the increase breast muscle mass reduces lungcapacity and/or increases oxygen demand.
Ascites is more important in Hi-Yield broilers
.why does it happens?
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
11/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
1) Avoid cool temperatures and fast early growth. They
are the most common cause of ascites because they increase
oxygen demand. This is much more important than oxygen
availability (ventilation) and can be influenced the quickest and
to the greatest degree by the grower.2) Avoid poor ventilation or other conditions reducing
amount of oxygen available (ex. excessive gas brooder use,
vaccination reaction, ammonia). In reality it is very difficult to
reduce oxygen levels in a chicken house by ventilation alone.
3) Avoid high salt diets and high altitude. These can
directly cause ascites but are unique situations not often
encountered.
How to prevent Ascites?
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
12/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Performance of Chicks Brooded at VariousTemperatures
Broo i g Tem erat re
(o )
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
Bo y
Weig t
3
eeks
l s.(g)
ee
o versio
3 eeks
iva ility scites
Mortality
95 (35) 90 (32) 85 (29.5) 1.77(804) 1.35 97.69 .83
90 (32) 85 (29.5) 80 (26.6) 1.75
(795)
1.37 96.88 .83
85 (29.5) 80 (26.6) 75 (23.8) 1.74
(790)
1.39 98.33 .62
80 (26.6) 75 (23.8) 70 (21) 1.66
(754)
1.42 95.21 2.5
eaton et al., 1996
Hi yield broilers have more muscle massHi yield broilers have more muscle mass
therefore more susceptible to Ascitestherefore more susceptible to Ascites
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
13/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Keep buildings warm...don't sacrifice temperature for ventilation.
Don't grow birds excessively fast...particularly during the 1st 3
weeks of life by;
a. using low density starter(ex 1275 Kcal/lb,20% protein),
b. avoiding pelleting and fats in early feeds,
c. restricting lights (ex natural light between 3-21 days).
Ascites Rules of Thumbs
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
14/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
...It is my impression that the higher-yielding breedsneed a bit more protein and a bit less energy.
Even among the high yield breeds, there are some fairlysignificant differences among the individual breeds.
ex; Cobb is without doubt the most tolerant of dietary abuse,
in my opinion, the Hubbard probably has the highest protein req.
Ross and FSY are probably in between, and the Ross 508 is differentfrom the Ross 308.
You really need to talk to a nutritionist who knows what he isdoing.
I also think that holding them back a bit at first (usually withlighting programs) is beneficial from the standpoint of livabilityand skeletal and cardiovascular health.
It probably adversely impacts yield however.
USA Intergrator Veterinarian Comments
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
15/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Lighting Programs
Wide variety of programs that are published andused
Effective program depends on type of housing, type
of bird, season, and final weight Program must be simple to assure proper application
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
16/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Sample Lighting Program (3)
a Light ar Inten it
0-3 24 0 20
4-14 Nat ral
15-21 20
22-50 20 4 20
50+24 0 20
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
17/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Sample Lighting Program ( )
a Light (hr ) ar (hr ) Inten it (lu )
0 23 1 20
-2 20 4 20
-4 18 6 20
5- 4 6 18 5
5-2 10 14 5
22-28 14 10 5
29- 5 18 6 5
Adapted from Claussen and Goldkist, Inc.
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
18/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Comparative Broiler Performance
Performa ce o ti o s
Program
ig t/Dark
Program
m er ol 3,787,609 3,772,976
Liva ility 95.93 96.38
vg. Weig t
l s.
5.03 5.09
/ 2.0 1.98
o ems 1.05 0.87
avis et al., 1997
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
19/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
..In order to optimize yield potential, all strains that I've
tested with should be
Employing the averageAgri Stat nutrient values is
appropriate in providing for good performance.
Strain-crosses available can differ markedly in their
progression and nature of development.
The one "best for the job" depends on age to market,
environment, and product objectives, i.e. this differs for each
company, place, and time.
No one strain-cross remains the same as dramitic changes can
occur within two years.
USA University Nutritionist Comments (continued)
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
20/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
...It is my belief that
"better" feed will pay dividends based on processability,
and yield, not to mention other general pains in the ass
such as leg problems, IP, etc.
I think we still have a lot to learn (about Hi Yield broilers)
some of the "new" yielding yeilding breeds seem to be
showing a little more hardiness, but for the most part they
are less forgiving.
USA Intergrator Veterinarian Comments
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
21/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
..Basically the high-yielding birds
are about the same in yield characteristics.Therefore the
differences are in live performances.
how to feed them depends on what you want;least cost vs maximum yield
generally if one wants to have better performances at a higher
cost (but better bottom line at the end = yield) one should push
them hard with a higher nutrient levels.
USA Intergrator Nutritionist Comments
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
22/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Final Thoughts
Hi-Yield broilers
are less forgiving
may require higher plane of nutrition ~ optimum yield
tend to be smaller chicks.brooding is more important
tend to be proned to ascites
avoid cool temps early
slow early growth .. feed/lighting programs
strains are not all alike.may need to manage eachstrain differently!
8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken
23/23
11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA
VinelandVineland
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Thank youThank you