Broadcasting Board of Governors

Voice of America

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Office of Cuba Broadcasting

Radio Free Asia

Middle East Broadcasting Networks

International Broadcasting Bureau

Annual Report2005

“We must defeat the terrorists on the battlefield, and we mustalso defeat them in the battle of ideas.”

—President Bush, September 9, 2005

ON THE COVER: Algerian boys walk in Algiers past an apartment building where satellite dishes protrude from most of the balconies. (AFP Photo/Fayez Nureldine)

Broadcasting Board of Governors2005 ANNUAL REPORT

Table of Contents

Overview 2

Voice of America 4

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 8

Radio Free Asia 12

Office of Cuba Broadcasting 16

Middle East Broadcasting Networks 18

International Broadcasting Bureau 22

Alhurra at Two 24

Expanding Broadcasts in the Muslim World 26

Broadcasting Board of Governors 28

1

To the President and the Congress of the United States of America:

The Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) respectfully submits its tenth

annual report, summarizing the activities of U.S. international, nonmilitary

broadcasting: the Voice of America, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty,

Radio Free Asia, the Middle East Broadcasting Networks, the Office of Cuba

Broadcasting and the International Broadcasting Bureau.This report is

required by Section 305(a) of Public Law 103-236, the U.S. International

Broadcasting Act of 1994.The BBG assumed sole supervision of nonmilitary

U.S. international broadcasting in accordance with the 1998 Foreign Affairs

Reform and Restructuring Act (P.L. 105-277).

Year 2005 saw the increasing impact of our broadcasting services on countries

targeted in the War on Terror. In the Middle East, new surveys showed

substantial increases in audience levels from 2004.Together, Radio Sawa

and Alhurra Television now reach a total unduplicated weekly audience of

35 million people. In Iran, live Persian satellite television programming was

doubled to one hour and the groundwork was laid for a gradual increase to

four hours in 2006. Our broadcasts to Afghanistan have attracted three

quarters of the listening population. In Pakistan, Urdu speakers now have a

VOA-produced current events magazine to watch. Since the May 2004 launch

of Radio Aap ki Dunyaa, a 12-hour-a-day broadcast stream in Urdu, VOA has

more than doubled its Pakistani listening audience.

The success of these still-young broadcasting services reinforces our commit-

ment to our two missions:

■ Serving information-deprived societies that depend on outside broadcasts

to learn what is happening in their own country and the outside world;

■ Serving as the beacon of freedom and democracy in areas where the local

news media does not always reflect those traditions.

Our goal and our standards are the same—to tell the truth.We should not

be judged by whether we are the number one rated station in a given market,

but by whether people turn to us for the truth and open debate about

their future.

Respectfully submitted,

Kenneth Y. Tomlinson

Chairman, Broadcasting Board of Governors

Since October 1999, the BroadcastingBoard of Governors (BBG) has funda-mentally transformed U.S. nonmili-tary international broadcasting inpursuit of its central mission:To pro-mote freedom and democracy and toenhance understanding by broad-casting accurate, objective, and bal-anced news and information aboutthe United States and the world toaudiences abroad.Those audiencesreceive dynamic and creative pro-gramming that inspires intellectualcuriosity and supports aspirations forpolitical, economic, social, and humanrights.This transformation grows outof the post-Cold War and post-September 11 environment, chang-ing priorities in where to broadcastand how to reach key audiencesaround the world.The changes thatthe BBG has implemented havemade international broadcasting aneffective tool in the U.S. effort todirectly access a worldwide audienceof over 140 million, countering misrepresentations of the U.S. and itspolicies, and providing accurate newsand information and vibrant intellec-tual discussions and debates to thosewho do not receive this from theirown media.

The BBG serves as the governingbody of all nonmilitary U.S. broadcastentities and provides programmingin 56 languages via radio, television,and the Internet. All BBG broadcastservices adhere to the broadcastingstandards and principles of theInternational Broadcasting Act of1994 which include reliable, accurate,and comprehensive news; balancedand comprehensive presentations ofU.S. thought, institutions, and policies,as well as discussion about thosepolicies; information about develop-ments throughout the world; and avariety of opinions from nationsaround the world.

With the support of the Adminis-tration and Congress, the BBG hasaccomplished several key goals in FY2005. Alhurra Television and RadioSawa are now reaching a total undu-plicated audience of 35 million adults(15 and over) per week according tothe latest ACNielsen survey.This sur-vey also indicates that, in spite ofhigh levels of anti-American senti-ment throughout the region, audi-ences regard both Alhurra and RadioSawa as credible sources of news andinformation. In less than two years,Alhurra established a presence in thecrowded Arab media news marketthat is a proud success story for theUnited States and the war on terror.VOA continued to build on the suc-cess of its Persian-language televisionnews program, News and Views,expanding its length from 30 to 60minutes a day. An Urdu-language television broadcast was launched on November 14, 2005. Radio Aap kiDunyaa, a 12-hour-a-day Urdu-language radio service formatted toappeal to Pakistani listeners betweenthe ages of 15 and 39, went on the air in May 2004. Its listenership hasdoubled since the launch. Accordingto an InterMedia survey, more thanthree quarters of Afghan radio listen-

Overview

TOP PHOTO: VOA Africa Division reporter Esther Githui interviews Senator Barack Obama (D-IL); SECOND PHOTO: RFA Vice President and Executive Editor Dan Southerland (left) talks with Cambodian opposition leader Sam Rainsy; THIRD PHOTO: RFE/RL Radio Free Afghanistan broadcaster Farida Saifi interviews a nomad womanand her children in Afghanistan’s Logar Province onthe topic of family planning; BOTTOM PHOTO: UkrainianDefense Minister Anatoliy Hrytsenko sits for an interview with RFE/RL in Prague in November.

2

ers are tuning in to BBG’s Radio FreeAfghanistan broadcasts in Dari andPashto. Plans are being made toincrease transmission and programquality of Pashto-language program-ming to the critical border provincesof Afghanistan.

Meanwhile, VOA Indonesian doubledproduction of both radio and TV pro-grams and opened a news bureau inJakarta while over 200 radio and TVstations rebroadcast VOA news andinformation in Indonesia.

Around the globe, the BBG’s exten-sive network of broadcasters andbureaus closely followed important

political events, including nationaland parliamentary elections. RadioFarda and VOA Persian providedextensive coverage of Iran’s June2005 presidential elections. Alhurra-Iraq, a second channel launchedspecifically for Iraq, and Radio Sawafeatured extensive programming inthe run-up to the January 2005national election in Iraq.

The Final Report on 9/11 CommissionRecommendations gave a “B” forinternational broadcasting:“Budgetsfor international broadcasting to theArab and Muslim world and U.S.-sponsored broadcasting hours have

increased dramatically, and audienceshares are growing.”

The BBG’s FY 2005 financial state-ments and fuller description of FY2005 accomplishments—thePerformance and AccountabilityReport—are available on the BBGweb site. Independent auditors havegiven our financial statements anunqualified “clean” opinion for thesecond year in a row.This is the highest rating an agency can achieve.

Broadcasting Around the World in 56 Languages

AfricaAfan OromoAmharicEnglish to AfricaFrench to AfricaHausaKinyarwandaKirundiNdebelePortuguese to AfricaShonaSwahiliTigrigna

East AsiaBurmeseCantoneseIndonesianKhmerKoreanLaoMandarinThaiTibetanUyghurVietnamese

EurasiaArmenianAvarAzerbaijaniBelarusianChechenCircassianGeorgianRussianTatar-BashkirUkrainian

Central AsiaKazakhKyrgyzTajikTurkmenUzbek

Near East/North AfricaArabicKurdishTurkish

GlobalEnglishSpecial English

LatinAmericaCreoleSpanish

South AsiaBanglaDariHindiPashtoPersianUrdu

Eastern/ CentralEuropeAlbanianBosnianCroatianGreekMacedonianRomanianSerbian

(GRANTEE)

(GRANTEE)

International Broadcasting Bureau

(GRANTEE)

Broadcasting Board of Governors

The Voice of America (VOA) broadcasts more than 1,000 hours in 44 languages on radio and nearly 50 hours in 23 languages on television of accurate and objective news and information about the U.S. and the world to a weekly audience of more than 100 million worldwide. On the Internet,VOANews.com has become one of the most popular web sites in the world forinternational news. No other site provides as complex a mix of text content,audio, and video files in as many as 44 languages.

In 2005, VOA provided extensive coverage of U.S. relief efforts in disaster areas.VOA deployed a multimedia correspondent team for tsunami coverage inSouth Asia.The team reported from Phuket,Thailand, throughout Sri Lanka—including rebel-held areas—and Aceh, Indonesia.Throughout 2005, the correspondents followed up on reconstruction progress and how people arerebuilding their lives—culminating in a one-year anniversary look live from allthree locations. A senior Aceh rebel negotiator told VOA that his people wouldnever forget help from the United States.

When a massive earthquake struck Pakistan and the divided Kashmir regionkilling more than 70,000 people and leaving hundreds of thousands homelessfacing a harsh Himalayan winter, VOA correspondents were immediately onthe scene. In the days to follow, a VOA correspondent traveled on U.S. militaryhelicopters as they delivered medical aid and evacuated the wounded—themost visible component of Washington’s extensive assistance effort.

Voice of America

David JacksonVOA Director

Employees1,149

FY 2005 Budget$158 million

Weekly Hours Broadcast1,176

Languages44

■ VOA launched its new five-day-a-week television program in Urdu,Beyond the Headlines. Radio Aap kiDunyaa has more than doubled itsUrdu listenership since its launch inMay 2004 and began using a new800 kilowatt transmitter which hasincreased significantly both thestrength and stability of the mediumwave signal.

■ VOA’s flagship evening satellite television newscast to Iran, News &Views, expanded its live program-ming from 30 minutes a day to onehour, providing viewers more head-lines and news analysis about Iran,the United States and the world.

■ VOA continues to diversify andexpand its programming toIndonesia, the world’s most populousMuslim nation.The IndonesianService produces television segmentsfor the largest TV networks inIndonesia to air during prime time.

■ VOA’s Mandarin Service revampedits prime time radio programs to pro-vide audiences with four hours ofcontinuously updated news and fea-ture programming. It also launched anew 30-minute live, daily radio call-inshow. Despite the Chinese govern-ment’s tightening control of themedia, 10 television stations andmore than 70 radio stations nowcarry VOA’s programming, and branded multimedia VOA Mandarin

HIGHLIGHTS:

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5

VOA Dari Service stringer Homayoun Shoaib interviewspoppy farmers in Kandahar, Afghanistan, about growing replacement crops.

6

A stringer for Ejo Bite? (How About the Future?), VOA’s Kirundi-language youth radio program, interviews Burundian refugees in Mtabula RefugeeCamp in Tanzania.

“In the Voice of America’s radio broadcast from London on the first V-E Day, theannouncer asked Europe to ‘think of these Americans as your dead, too.’ In Dutchhearts, they already were. The Americans saw the Dutch spirit in action within weeksof liberation, when this new cemetery marked its first Memorial Day.”

—President Bush, May 8, 2005, in Margraten, The Netherlands

English teaching programs are widelysold throughout China.

■ Beijing Correspondent LuisRamirez visited North Korea, pro-ducing a six-part series on variousaspects of life in this rarely-visited,highly-restrictive closed country.

■ VOA Russian expanded on its tele-vision programming with the launchof a daily, 30-minute television newsprogram called Obyektiv (Focus) thatprovides Russian viewers with a dailymix of news, newsmaker interviews,commentary and analysis, and fea-tures about life in the U.S. and theRussian-American community.

■ After registering a rise in its audi-ence share, VOA Hindi’s weekly TVmagazine Duniya (The World) wasmoved to prime time.VOA Hindi’sreporting of major events in the U.S.,appearing on India’s leading TV news channel Aaj Tak, significantlyexpanded in 2005.

■ New agreements were reachedwith major television stations inCaracas, Venezuela, and Bogotá,Colombia, along with a smaller TVnetwork in Peru, to broadcast VOAcontent.VOA has expanded itsAndean focus radio program Enfoque Andino from 30 to 60 minutes, offering more in-depth cov-erage of developments in Venezuela,Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador.

■ VOA Special English increased itsworldwide broadcasts to 12 times aday. In addition to seven daily short-wave broadcasts, it is now on the Iraq FM, Kuwait FM, Kabul FM, andMoscow MW streams.

■ In the wake of the Andijan violence and the crackdown on international media in Uzbekistan,VOA Uzbek resumed its radio broadcasting.

■ Nearly three years after it began,Studio 7, VOA’s radio program tar-geted to Zimbabwe, has more thandoubled its audience and established

itself as a major player in Zimbabwe’smedia market.

■ Among many Africa Division programs on HIV/AIDS, VOA HausaService organized a GrassrootsHIV/AIDS Summit in Nigeria.

■ The Horn of Africa Service restoreda one-hour Amharic format.Combined with the popular Tigrignaand Afan Oromo broadcasts, theHorn now has a solid two-hour blockof news, health information, and talk shows.

■ VOA opened the new KanoReporting Center (KRC) in northernNigeria’s largest city with funds pro-vided by USAID/Nigeria.VOA Hausareporters at the center produce aweekly youth health program. A facil-ity for both reporting and training,the center was officially launched inconjunction with a health-reportingworkshop for women journalists.

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William Chen, host of VOA’s Mandarin-language program Issues & Opinions, talks with Congressman

James Leach (R-IA) about U.S.-China relations.

VOA Persian Service correspondent Katayoun Beglarireports from Lebanon during thatcountry’s 2005 elections.

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a non-profit international commu-nications organization broadcasting to Eastern and Southeastern Europe,Russia, the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Southwestern Asia. Incountries stretching from Belarus to Afghanistan and from the Arctic Sea tothe Persian Gulf, listeners rely on RFE/RL’s daily news, analysis, and currentaffairs programming to provide a coherent, objective account of events intheir region and the world. RFE/RL broadcasts more than 1,000 hours of radioprogramming a week from its operations center in Prague, Czech Republic,and 23 bureaus in its broadcast region. Its corporate headquarters are locatedin Washington, D.C.

Through the transmission of its programs via the Internet and over shortwave,AM, FM, UKV, cable and satellite frequencies, RFE/RL provides local and region-al reporting of news and developments to audiences denied access to free,independent media and ruled by repressive, anti-democratic governments.

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Thomas DineRFE/RL President(1997–2005)

Employees512

FY 2005 Budget$74 million

Weekly Hours Broadcast1,037

Languages28

■ RFE/RL’s Radio Free Afghanistanservice provided 12 hours of live coverage of Afghanistan’s first parlia-mentary elections in decades onSeptember 18, with 136 live reportsby 37 stringers covering all 34Afghan provinces, as well as 12 dis-cussions with experts and observers.Comprehensive coverage like thisearned Radio Free Afghanistan aweekly listenership rate of more than75 percent in 2005.

■ RFE/RL’s network of correspon-dents covering Central Asia providedextensive coverage of the May 12-13mass unrest in Andijan, Uzbekistan.RFE/RL’s Russian, Uzbek, and Tajikservices all sent correspondents tothe scene, covering the unrest fromseveral angles—from Andijan itself;from Osh, Kyrgyzstan; and from theborder areas among Tajikistan,Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan.The TajikService’s Tashkent-based reporter,himself a native of Andijan, traveledimmediately to cover the unrest andbecame a primary source of informa-tion for international agencies.

■ Radio Free Iraq correspondentsinside Iraq and elsewhere providedextensive, day-long live coverage ofthe country's three major elections in 2005—in January to the interimNational Assembly, in October on theConstitution, and in December to thepermanent National Assembly.

■ Live, on-air interviews with the campaign directors for bothAyatollah Ali-Akbar HashemiRafsanjani and then-Tehran MayorMahmoud Ahmadinejad just beforethe second round of Iran’s presiden-tial election in June were an unprece-dented acknowledgement of thereach enjoyed by Radio Farda, thejoint RFE/RL-VOA Persian languagebroadcast effort to Iran. Given theIranian rulers’ consistent condemna-tions of Radio Farda as subversive,the interviews showed that neithercandidate could afford to overlookthe popularity and credibility RadioFarda enjoys among Iranians.

■ Kyrgyzstan’s state-run radio broad-caster unilaterally stopped nation-

HIGHLIGHTS:

8

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During a March 14, 2005 protest rally in Osh as part of Kyrgyzstan’s “Tulip Revolution,” participants listened to Radio Azattyk using megaphones mountedon top of cars and connected to shortwave radio sets.

“I [have] visited a lot of villages and towns. I was surprised that people there wereaware of all of the news. Radio Liberty is the mass media outlet that is providingthe people in remote villages with such information.”

—Kyrgyz Acting Foreign Minister Roza Otunbayeva, June 14, 2005

10

RFE/RL Romania-Moldova Service correspondent Lina Grau talks to inmates at Moldova's Leova Prisonin November.

“Radio Free Europe is still as important today as it was before. It is important forcountries with authoritarian or semi-authoritarian regimes, where it spreads free information. But it is also important for countries with fresh democracies, where it can show them how to build relations and establish conditions after having had freedom for a short time.”

—Vaclav Havel, September 12, 2005, Agence France Presse

wide rebroadcasting of RFE/RLKyrgyz Service programs on February24, just before the disputed parlia-mentary elections that provoked the“Tulip Revolution” that brought downthe government of President AskarAkaev. Participants in the “TulipRevolution” listened to RFE/RL KyrgyzService broadcasts using speakersmounted on top of cars and connect-ed to shortwave radio sets.

■ RFE/RL’s Belarus Service was thefirst to announce to its listeners theselection, in August, of a single,unified opposition candidate tostand in the 2006 presidential election against current PresidentAlyaksandr Lukashenka—oftenreferred to as Europe’s last dictator.

■ Two correspondents for RFE/RL’sNorth Caucasus Service providedfirst-hand coverage of the October 13armed clashes in Nalchik, the capitalof Russia’s Kabardino-BalkariaRepublic, where they gainedunprecedented interviews with representatives of the RussianFederal Security Service (FSB) whowere in the FSB office in Nalchikwhen it was attacked.

■ RFE/RL’s Russian Service providedcomprehensive coverage of the trial of the only known accused

terrorist to survive the Beslan mas-sacre, as well as of the September trip by the “Mothers of Beslan” toMoscow to meet with RussianPresident Vladimir Putin.

■ The average number of monthlypage views on RFE/RL web siteincreased by more than 42 percent incalendar year 2005 as compared with

the previous year, to over 9.7 million.In October 2005, monthly page viewsexceeded 12 million.

■ In June, RFE/RL signed a “build-to-lease” agreement that provides for the relocation of the RFE/RL operations center to a new site inPrague, Czech Republic.

■ On March 30, RFE/RL unveiled anew logo—a flaming, burnt-orangetorch—and a new signature line,“Illuminate Your World.”

11

Radio Farda broadcasters cover the presidential elections in Iran from Farda’s studios in Prague.

Former U.S.S.R. PresidentMikhail Gorbachev, a co-owner of Radio-1Center, and BBG GovernorD. Jeffrey Hirschberg after the signing of anagreement to placeRFE/RL Russian Serviceprogramming on the UKV-frequency broadcaster in Moscow.

Radio Free Asia (RFA) is a private, non-profit news organization providing dailybroadcasts in nine languages to listeners in Asia whose governments restrictfreedom of information and expression. RFA broadcasts accurate and timelynews and information, along with a range of voices and opinions from withinAsia—with the aim of demonstrating freedom of expression over the airwavesand online.

In 2005, Libby Liu, previously RFA’s Vice President for Administration andFinance, was appointed RFA President. Liu, who succeeded RFA’s foundingpresident, Richard Richter, is the first woman and the first American of Asian ancestry to serve as permanent head of a U.S. international broad-casting entity.

RFA focuses primarily on news and features of unique and specific relevanceto its target countries.Through shortwave transmission and the Internet, RFAbroadcasts in Mandarin, Cantonese, Uyghur, three dialects of Tibetan, Burmese,Vietnamese, Korean, Lao, and Khmer.

All broadcasts originate from RFA’s Washington, D.C., headquarters. RFA also has bureaus in Hong Kong,Taipei, Phnom Penh, Dharamsala, Bangkok,Seoul, and Ankara, as well as a vast network of stringers around the world.News reports and call-in programs allow listeners to express views andexchange ideas.

RFA is dedicated at all levels to maximizing its use of new and emerging technologies to expand the reach of its broadcasts. RFA continues to build itsreputation as the East Asian news service of record, with RFA news storiesreproduced daily in major media around the world. RFA follows the strictestjournalistic standards of objectivity, integrity, and balance. Informing EastAsian listeners from all social strata and maintaining credibility among themare RFA’s top priorities.

Radio Free Asia

Libby LiuRFA President

Employees252

FY 2005 Budget$29 million

Weekly Hours Broadcast252

Languages9

■ RFA Uyghur led the world media inreporting the release and exile fromChina of Uyghur dissident RebiyaKadeer. RFA Uyghur also broke newground by dramatizing and publish-ing online in three languages a shortstory,“Wild Pigeon,” whose authorand publisher are both now servingjail terms in China for tacitly criticiz-ing the Chinese government.

■ RFA Tibetan broadcast unique and exclusive coverage of a new

Chinese crackdown in 2005 onTibetan Buddhist monks and nunsloyal to the exiled Tibetan leader, theDalai Lama.

■ RFA Mandarin broke news inDecember of a deadly crackdown inwhich Chinese police opened fire onprotesters in the southern provinceof Guangdong, in what became a major international news story.RFA Mandarin also devoted exhaustive coverage to a series

HIGHLIGHTS:

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RFA Burmese Service Director Soe Thinn interviews Buddhist novices in northern Burma’s Wa AutonomousRegion adjacent to the Chinese border.

“I have learned so much by listening to you. Because of RFA, I see China in a different light. I now understand China. And I have a goal in life. Thank you, Radio Free Asia, for your contribution to the realization of democracy, rule of law,freedom, and human rights in China. You will always have my support.”

—18-year-old student from Sichuan Province, China

14

RFA Mandarin Service broadcasters Jia Yuan (left) andJill Ku read news segments broadcast to China from RFA’s Washington studios.

“RFA broadcasts, like an educator, have brightened our hearts . . . . They haveopened our eyes. China always wants to keep the Uyghurs ignorant of the world. But now we understand democracy, human rights, and freedom. RFA broadcastingmeans more than food, drink, and air to us, because it gives us hope and inspiration.We hope RFA increases broadcasting time in the Uyghur language.”

—RFA Uyghur Service listener

of deadly industrial accidents and ecological disasters.

■ RFA Lao launched a new program, Prime Time, producedentirely in Bangkok.

■ RFA Korean covered in depthNorth Korea’s human rights abusesand controversial nuclear program,with live, on-site broadcasts frominternational conferences inWashington and Seoul.

■ RFA Vietnamese led the interna-tional media with its in-depth coverage of Vietnamese PrimeMinister Phan Van Khai’s visit to the United States.

■ RFA Cantonese obtained and published online exclusive videofootage of a protest in the southernChinese village of Taishi, where villagers petitioned for months toremove their elected village chief.

■ RFA Burmese broke new groundwith its coverage of Burma’s political stalemate and deepeningethnic divisions.

■ RFA Khmer gave extensive cover-age to Prime Minister Hun Sen’songoing crackdown on human rightsactivists and independent media,as well as preparations for a U.N.-ledtribunal aimed at bringing KhmerRouge leaders to justice.

15

RFA Korean Service staff members cover FreedomHouse’s Freedom for All Koreans event held at the

Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C. RFA broadcast live coverage of the event to listeners in North Korea.

Dinn Phanara, wife of jailedindependent Cambodian broadcaster Mam Sonandogreets BBG Governor BlanquitaW. Cullum (left) and Radio Free Asia Vice President and Executive Editor DanSoutherland outside of Beehive105 radio studios in PhnomPenh, Cambodia.

The Office of Cuba Broadcasting (OCB) oversees the operations of Radio Martí and TV Martí from its headquarters in Miami, Florida. Radio Martí went on the air May 20, 1985 and TV Martí went on the air March 27, 1990.They serveas a consistently reliable and authoritative source of accurate, objective, andcomprehensive news to the people of Cuba.

Radio Martí broadcasts news and a variety of features and news analysis pro-grams seven days a week, 24 hours a day.TV Martí produces eight hours oforiginal programming daily, including a 30-minute newscast each day.Whilethe Cuban government continues to attempt to jam Radio and TV Martí’sbroadcasts, the BBG has worked to identify options to overcome the jamming.

Office of Cuba Broadcasting

Pedro RoigOCB Director

Employees150

FY 2005 Budget$27 million

Weekly Hours Broadcast330

LanguageSpanish

■ The Pennsylvania Air NationalGuard and the U.S. Air Force continueto provide C-130 aircraft support forthe transmission of TV and RadioMartí broadcasts to Cuba periodicallyfor 4-1/2 hours.

■ A new airborne transmission system for TV and Radio Martí broad-casts to Cuba will begin in FY 2006.

■ In 2005, OCB invested over$300,000 in digital upgrades to TV Martí’s facilities.This takes OCB one step closer to a fully digital TV operation.

■ Radio Martí News covered live theAndrei Sakharov Award given to theCuban dissident group Damas deBlanco, (Ladies in White).The groupcomprises wives and relatives ofpolitical prisoners.The Cuban govern-ment did not allow the group to travel to receive the award but theywere able to listen to the award coverage on Radio Martí.

■ Secretary of State CondoleezzaRice said Radio Martí’s truthful broad-casts are among the most effectiveU.S. weapons in the war of ideas. Shealso made clear her support for theairborne transmissions of TV Martí.

“The information for the Cubans is a very important tool to us becauseCastro would like nothing better than to have his people shut off fromthis information.”

■ In November 2005,TV Martí completed production of a specialshort documentary on the involve-ment of Cuban agents in the torture and murder of U.S. POWs in Vietnam during 1967 and 1968.This documentary was picked up bythe prestigious University of MiamiInstitute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies (ICCAS).

■ Radio Martí produced live reportsfrom the May 20 Assembly for thePromotion of Civil Society, whichbrought together diverse oppositiongroups to discuss promoting democracy in Cuba. A resolution waspassed recognizing Radio Martí “forall the years of providing informationto the Cuban people.”

HIGHLIGHTS:

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“Another of Mr. Bush’s cynical actions is the constant, increasing radio and television attacks on our people.”

—Cuban President Fidel Castro, July 26, 2005

17

Broadcasters read the news in an OCB studio in Miami.

The Middle East Broadcasting Networks, Inc. (MBN), a non-profit grantee of theBBG, operates Alhurra Television and Radio Sawa.

Throughout the Middle East, Alhurra TV and Radio Sawa continue to grow inpopularity and credibility. Independent surveys by respected research compa-nies including ACNielsen and Ipsos, show that, together, Alhurra TV and RadioSawa effectively reach a significant weekly audience of more than 35 millionadults.The recent ACNielsen survey of nine countries in the Middle Eastreports that 77 percent of Alhurra’s viewers and 73 percent of Radio Sawa’s listeners consider their news to be reliable. Both broadcasters adhere to thehighest professional standards of journalism.They seek to promote the freemarketplace of ideas, freedom of speech, and the protection of human rightsincluding freedom of religion.Their modern and forward-looking style isbased on respect for the intelligence and culture of their large audiences.

Alhurra TV was launched on February 14, 2004. At the core of its programmingis an extensive schedule of news and information which is consistently reliableand authoritative, accurate, objective and comprehensive. Complementing thenews are talk shows, debates, documentaries and entertaining informationprograms on a wide variety of subjects including sports, health, travel, fashion,and technology. Alhurra’s daily program schedule is available on the Internetat www.alhurra.com.

Alhurra keeps its audience informed throughout the day and night with threein-depth one-hour newscasts, 10-minute updates at the top of other hours,and news headlines during the hour. Alhurra’s broadcasts originate from itsheadquarters in Springfield, Virginia, as well as bureaus and production cen-ters in Baghdad, Dubai, Beirut, and Amman. In addition to regular newscasts,Alhurra presents extensive live coverage of breaking news as it happens.

In April 2004, a second channel was launched specifically for Iraq. Alhurra-Iraqis broadcast via satellite, as well as via terrestrial transmitters in Baghdad(Channel 12) and Basra (Channel 3). Alhurra-Iraq’s news and current affairs programs concentrate on issues facing the Iraqi viewers as they move into anew era, rebuilding their country.

Both Alhurra and Alhurra-Iraq transmit across the Middle East and North Africaon the Nilesat and Arabsat satellites, the same satellites used by the majorregional Arabic channels.

Radio Sawa seeks to effectively reach a significant portion of the influentialunder-30 population of the Middle East. Broadcasting 24/7, mostly on FM,Radio Sawa provides its audience with reliable and objective up-to-date news,interesting information, and an upbeat blend of Arabic popular and main-stream Western music. Aside from listeners under 30 who make up the majority of the population in the Middle East, Radio Sawa targets news-seek-ers of all ages. Radio Sawa is committed to broadcasting accurate, authorita-tive, comprehensive, and timely news about the Middle East, the United States,and the world.

Middle East Broadcasting Networks

Bert KleinmanMBN President

Employees220

FY 2005 Budget$71 million

Weekly Hours Broadcast504

LanguageArabic

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Anchors Talal A-Sada and Samar Haddad on the set ofone of Alhurra’s prime time newscasts, The World Today.

“. . . Alhurra has established its ‘Arab’ presence internationally despite its Americanorigin. The station is novel. It is American. It speaks Arabic. Its management hashired the best media people in the Arab world.”

—Al Diyar newspaper

“One of the reasons that U.S-supported Radio Sawa is so popular in Syria is becauseit is able to attract the young and disenfranchised.”

—Farid N. Ghadry, president of the Reform Party of Syria, Washington Times, October 31, 2005

20

A view of one of Radio Sawa’s broadcasting studios.

■ Alhurra and Radio Sawa providedlive continuous coverage of the three historic elections in Iraq withcorrespondents reporting frompolling centers throughout Iraq, aswell as analysis from expert guests inBaghdad and Washington.

■ Alhurra produced and broadcastthe first televised electoral debate in Iraq’s history, featuring six candidates representing the majorpolitical parties.

■ Free Hour, Alhurra’s daily prime-time talk show, broadcast a specialseries of programs live from Egypt.The series discussed the economic,educational, political, and humanrights challenges facing Egypt, bring-ing together politicians and expertsbefore a live studio audience.

■ Alhurra broadcast a live town hallmeeting from Kuwait focusing onwomen’s rights.The panel consistedof six members of the KuwaitiParliament who discussed the possi-bility of reforming laws affectingwomen’s political participation inKuwait as well as the role of womenthroughout the Middle East.

■ Alhurra broadcast a live town hall meeting live from Damascus.The guests discussed media laws inSyria and the lack of freedom of thepress there.They also called for theend of interference in the press bySyrian authorities.

■ Alhurra broadcast a special two-hour town hall meeting live fromSharm el-Sheik, Egypt, soon after theterrorist attacks there.The town hallmeeting presented a frank and opendiscussion of the war on terror andthe negative effects of the bombings.

■ Alhurra and Radio Sawa providedextensive live coverage of the after-math of the assassination of formerLebanese Prime Minister Rafik Haririand the resulting Cedar Revolution inLebanon, including live town hallmeetings in Beirut. Both Alhurra andSawa carried live broadcasts of thedemonstrations, interviews withLebanese officials and reaction fromordinary citizens.

■ Radio Sawa launched a new weekly program for Iraq, Law and the Citizen, providing legal advice on topics such as the rights of women,property disputes, and marriages.

■ On the second anniversary of theterrorist attacks in Morocco, Alhurrabroadcast a special edition of FreeHour, which included a new docu-mentary Alhurra commissioned onAl-Qaeda and extremism in Morocco.

■ Alhurra was the only Arabic-language satellite television channelin the Middle East to broadcast theIraqi National Congress sessions in their entirety. In addition to the proceedings themselves, Alhurra’scoverage included interviews withkey participants and reaction fromcitizens in Iraq and leaders aroundthe world.

■ Alhurra launched a new web site,providing viewers with up-to-dateinformation on Alhurra’s daily program schedule as well as newsupdates from Radio Sawa’s popularall-news web site.

■ Radio Sawa broadcast Windows onthe Iraqi Constitution, in the weeksleading up to the Iraqi vote on thenew constitution.This daily programfeatured Iraqi experts explaining themeaning of every article of the newIraqi constitution.

■ Alhurra began a weekly program,Inside Washington, giving viewers anin-depth look at the American politi-cal process.Through interviews andin-depth reports, Inside Washingtonprovides viewers all over the MiddleEast with fresh perspectives on theU.S. and its foreign policy.

HIGHLIGHTS:

21

An Alhurra correspondent reporting from the field during heavy fighting in Falllujah.

The International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB) provides administrative, technical,policy, and program support to the Voice of America and the Office of CubaBroadcasting. It also provides transmission services for all the BBG broadcastservices. IBB stays on the cutting edge of technology, managing a complexnetwork of domestic and overseas transmitting stations as well as satellite andother Internet delivery systems.This network relays U.S. government-fundedprograms to transmitting stations and to AM, FM, shortwave, and cable com-munications worldwide.The IBB Office of Policy produces the U.S. governmenteditorials heard daily on VOA broadcasts.

International Broadcasting Bureau

Employees882

FY 2005 Budget$248 million (includes IBB and BBG)

■ New FM transmitters were estab-lished in key Afghanistan cities.

■ Improvements to the transmitter inTajikistan for broadcasts to Pakistancontinue, including the installation of a new 800 kW medium wave transmitter and a new antenna system to be completed in FY 2006.

■ New BBG TV transmitters are being installed in Mosul and Al Hillato bring the total to four BBG TVtransmitters broadcasting Alhurraprograms in major cities of Iraq.

■ A new 800-kilowatt medium wavetransmitter leased from the UnitedArab Emirates is improving the transmission of Radio Sawa to Saudi Arabia and other Middle East audiences.

■ A fourth shortwave transmitterbegan service from the IBB KuwaitTransmitting Station to expandbroadcast capacity to critical audiences in Afghanistan and Central Asia.

■ A country-to-country agreementwith Sudan was signed for up to 12FMs to be located throughout thecountry to broadcast Radio Sawa.

■ VOA and RFA Mandarin broadcastswere introduced on Eutelsat direct-to-home satellite television and radio.

■ New affiliate agreements weresigned for both RFE/RL and VOA serv-ices to Ukraine and new UKV affiliateagreements for RFE/RL Russian.

HIGHLIGHTS:

22 BBG technicians inspect antenna components on theground prior to their remounting onto antenna towers.

23

Satellite receiving dish overlooks a field of radio transmitting antennas at one of the BBG’s transmittingstations worldwide.

In the fall of 2005, Alhurra Televisionprovided extensive coverage of theEgyptian presidential and parliamen-tary elections, including exclusivereports on the candidates, thedebates, and the violence on electionday.With more than 11 hours of livecontinuous coverage on election day, updates from correspondentsthroughout Egypt, expert guests withanalysis from Egypt and Washington,and a special two-hour edition of FreeHour, Alhurra came in for high praisefrom the Arabic-language newspaperAl Quds Al Arabi. By no means friendlyto the United States, Al Quds Al Arabidescribed Alhurra’s coverage of the

elections in Egypt this way:“Alhurratelevision emerged like a black stallion in this satellite competition,since it was able to attract normalviewers and activists alike thanks toits wide range of guests from theopposition who are not fearful of crit-icizing the Mubarak regime, as well asMubarak and his family specifically,while viewers showed disinterest inAljazeera’s coverage.”

Representative Adam Schiff (D-CA)heard this praise cited during con-gressional testimony, and posed thisquestion about Alhurra Television:“Ifthis is a niche, isn't this a great one to

really try to develop and exploit inother countries? If what you can offerto people, what will get Arab audi-ences to tune in, is their chance tohear something other than their ownstate-run message; not even necessar-ily the American message, but heartheir domestic, internal debate, thatseems to me something you couldoffer that really would distinguishyourself from your competitors in theregion and get people tuning in.”

Congressman Schiff put his finger onwhat is becoming the raison d'être ofAmerica’s two-year-old introductionto the crowded Middle East satellite

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Alhurra At Two

Michel Ghandour, Alhurra’s State Department correspondent, reporting live.

television marketplace. Over 21 mil-lion adults a week in the Middle Eastnow have an alternative source ofnews, presenting open discussion,different opinions, new perspectiveson issues affecting the Middle Eastand the world, and a balanced viewof America and American policies.

America has established itself as aplayer in the Arabic-language newsmarket. Alhurra has become thechannel for serious people seekingserious debate.This has been accom-plished at a fraction of the budget of our competitors.

Alhurra Television broadcasts 24 hours a day, seven days a week to viewers all over the Middle East,bringing unprecedented town hallmeetings, talk shows, and debates. Ina typical week, more than 150 Alhurrajournalists around the world produce40 hours of news, 24 hours of debatesand talk shows, 33 hours of currentaffairs programs, as well as ground-breaking town hall meetings carriedlive from places like Damascus, Beirut,Cairo, Khartoum—and even from aPalestinian refugee camp in southLebanon.These town hall meetingsfeature debates and intelligent discussion on issues few others in the Arab media would dare tackle:freedom and democracy in theMiddle East, women’s rights in theArab world, and the challenge ofglobal terrorism.

Because of Alhurra, the Arab streetcan hear what the President,Secretary of State, and Members ofCongress are saying—without filter.Real issues and debates can be presented substantively and intelli-gently—an intellectually vigorousalternative to the tabloid-style,victim-based fare that Arab viewersare constantly exposed to.

Alhurra has provided to the region aforum for open debate. In addtion tostimulating discussion on freedomand democracy, issues such as

human rights, economics, and therole of women in society, are now on the table.

Alhurra’s news professionals gave thepeople of Iraq debates among candi-dates—the first televised debate in a democratic election in the historyof Iraq. On election day in Iraq, the people were able to see that, withinhours after a bombing at a pollingbooth, with blood still on the street,people were lined up to vote.

As for Alhurra’s coverage of theEgyptian election, CongressmanSchiff said it best:“It sounds like thecoverage that you did in Egypt wasvery successful, in part because it wasunique, in that you were giving aplatform for debate over Egyptianelections—which Egypt would notallow in any other forum.”

TOP PHOTO: A teleprompter shows an anchor on The Global, one of Alhurra’s prime time newscasts;MIDDLE PHOTO: A participant in Alhurra’s historic

town hall meeting on freedom of speech, live from downtown Damascus, Syria; BOTTOM PHOTO:Colleagues and relatives take the coffin of Alhurra

correspondent Abdel Hussein Khazaal for burial afterhe was killed by unknown attackers in Basra, Iraq,

in February 2005 (AFP photo/Essam al-Sudani).

26

After establishing 24/7 coverage ofthe Arabic-speaking Muslim world,dramatic progress characterizedBBG’s outreach to non-Arabic speak-ing Muslim populations in 2005.

VOA’s Persian-language service hasdoubled its TV audience since 2004.By late 2005, independent audienceresearch showed more than one infive viewers in Iran watched our pro-gramming each week. In May, thedaily satellite television show Newsand Views expanded from 30 minutesto one hour with multiple repeats,

setting the stage for an increase inoriginal programming to four hoursin 2006.To cover the Iranian electionslive on June 17, News and Views pro-duced a special three-hour broad-cast. Features now include a twice-weekly feature on women andwomen’s rights issues, regular inter-views with prominent Iranian politi-cal experts, activists,journalists andacademics, along with daily e-mailcomments from viewers in Iran.

Radio Farda, a joint project of VOAand RFE/RL, continued to target

younger audiences with a mix ofPersian and Western music alongwith eight hours of news and currentaffairs programming daily. At theRFE/RL web site, news about events in Iran can be found in both Persianand English.

Afghanistan is both a BBG successstory and fertile territory for greateraccomplishments.VOA and RFE/RLprovide a combined 24/7 coveragewith programming in both Dari andPashto.The latest independentresearch figures available show more

Expanding Broadcasts in the Muslim World

Journalist Luna Shad hosts Next Chapter, VOA’s Persian-language youth television program.

than three quarters of Afghan listeners are tuning to our broadcastseach week.VOA’s Radio Ashna is nowproduced in a more contemporary,fast-paced format with daily call-inshows and in-country reporting frommore than 20 stringers. RFE/RL’sRadio Free Afghanistan offeredextensive coverage of the parliamen-tary elections in September, featuringlive interviews with officials and vot-ers throughout the country. Plans arein the works for new transmittingfacilities to bring radio programmingto the remote provinces alongAfghanistan’s eastern border and adaily television program in both Dariand Pashto to be broadcast directlyto viewers via satellite.

As already noted in earlier sections,VOA’s Urdu radio programming hasattracted a strong audience in theshort time it has been on the air. InNovember, Beyond the Headlinesmade its TV debut, offering a currentevents magazine format that is car-ried in prime time on GEO, Pakistan’smost widely watched satellite TVchannel. Particular emphasis is givento the lives of Pakistani-Americans,how they have succeeded in theiradopted country while maintainingcultural and religious traditions.

A sometimes-overlooked statistic isthat one out of every five Muslims inthe world lives in sub-Saharan Africa,some 250 million people, and VOAalso reaches a large percentage ofthem. In Nigeria, the VOA Hausa Service has a weekly audience reachof over 50 percent.

In Indonesia, with the world’s largestMuslim population, VOA IndonesianTV attracted large audiences for itscoverage of that country’s president’svisit to the U.S. in September. Itsreports were aired on 21 national and regional stations in the sprawlingisland nation.

Continued strengthening of programcontent and transmission quality of these services should produce further gains in 2006.

TOP PHOTO: State Department Deputy SpokesmanAdam Ereli (center) during a Radio Farda

call-in show with moderator and Radio Farda Washington Director Behruz Nikzat (left);

MIDDLE PHOTO: Radio Free Afghanistan stringerReshteen Qaderi in Kandahar; BOTTOM PHOTO:

Aneka Osman, anchor of the VOA’s Urdu-language television program Beyond the Headlines.

27

28

Kenneth Y. TomlinsonChairman

Kenneth Y.Tomlinson is a formerdirector of the Voice of America and has more than 35 years of journalistic experience. He began his career as a reporter for theRichmond Times-Dispatch in 1965.In 1968 he joined the Washingtonbureau of Reader’s Digest, thenserved as a correspondent inVietnam, and eventually in Paris,where he covered events in Europe,Africa, and the Middle East. In 1982,President Ronald Reagan appointedTomlinson Director of VOA, where he served until 1984. After his tenureat VOA,Tomlinson returned toReader’s Digest to serve as managingeditor. He was subsequently namedexecutive editor of the Digest in1985 and editor-in-chief in 1989.He retired from Reader’s Digest in1996. He has served as the chairmanof the National Commission onLibraries and Information Science(1985), and as a member of the U.S. Board for InternationalBroadcasting (1986-1994).

Joaquin F. Blaya

Joaquin F. Blaya is chairman of BlayaMedia, Inc. Since emigrating to theUnited States from Chile 36 yearsago, Blaya has held a number of senior management positions withmedia companies. He has served aschairman of Radio Unica, a Spanish-language radio network, and as CEOof the Telemundo Group, Inc., thenation’s second-largest Spanish language television network. Blayaalso served as president of UnivisionHoldings, Inc., the nation’s largestSpanish-language media company.Before coming to the United States,he worked in several marketing and media firms. He is chairman ofthe UM/Sylvester ComprehensiveCancer Center. Blaya is also a member of the Board of Trustees atthe University of Miami.

Blanquita Walsh Cullum

Blanquita Walsh Cullum is chairmanof the Talk Radio First AmendmentCommittee. She is former presidentof the National Association of RadioTalk Show Hosts. Every year since1995, she has been named by TALKERS magazine, the trade publi-cation for the industry, as one of theTop 100 broadcasters in talk radio.Her nationally syndicated program,Newsbeat, is heard coast-to-coast onthe Radio America Network. She isthe president and founder of theYoung American BroadcastersProgram. Cullum, the first Hispanicwoman and the first radio talk showhost to serve on the BBG, is also amember of the National Moment ofRemembrance Commission. Cullumfrequently appears on national tele-vision. She began her broadcastingcareer over 25 years ago in SanAntonio,Texas. She also has workedfor the Coors Corporation and theNational Bureau of the Census.

Broadcasting Board of Governors

D. Jeffrey Hirschberg

D. Jeffrey Hirschberg is a partner atKalorama Partners, LLC, a consultingfirm concerned with transparency,corporate governance, and riskassessment. He was director of thecorporate responsibility practice atHowrey, Simon, Arnold and White,LLP. Hirschberg retired from Ernst &Young in 1999 as vice chairman/governmental affairs. Previously, heworked as a private attorney in bothWashington, D.C., and Milwaukee,Wisconsin. From 1972-1980,Hirschberg worked for the U.S.Justice Department as a specialattorney and deputy chief of thecriminal division’s special litigationsection. He also prosecuted civil and criminal matters as an assistantU.S. Attorney in Milwaukee. He is a director of the U.S.-Russian BusinessCouncil and a member of the Boardof Advisors for the Foreign CorruptPractices Act Reporter.

Edward E. Kaufman

Edward E. Kaufman is president ofPublic Strategies, a political andmanagement consulting firm based in Wilmington, Delaware. In1995, he was appointed a chartermember of the Broadcasting Board of Governors. Since 1991,he has been a Senior LecturingFellow at Duke University’s School of Law, Fuqua School of Business,and Sanford Institute of PublicPolicy. He is a Trustee of ChristianaCare Corporation and a member ofthe Board of Directors of Childrenand Families First. Kaufman was for-merly Chief of Staff to U. S. SenatorJoseph R. Biden, Jr. (D-DE). Previously,he worked in various technical,financial, and marketing positionswith the DuPont Company.

TOP PHOTO: BBG Board Chairman Kenneth Tomlinsonaccepts a handmade gift from an RFE/RL journalist

in Kabul during his June visit to Afghanistan; MIDDLE PHOTO: Members of the Broadcasting Board

of Governors join MBN President Bert Kleinman (second from left) for a tour of the Alhurra

television studios in Springfield, Virginia; BOTTOM PHOTO: BBG Governor Edward E. Kaufmanhonors recipients of the 2005 David Burke Award for Distinguished Journalism in Washington, DC.

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Norman J. Pattiz

Norman J. Pattiz is founder andchairman of Westwood One,America’s largest radio network and supplier of local TV content.Westwood One owns, manages ordistributes the NBC Radio Network,CBS Radio Network, the MutualBroadcasting System, CNN Radio,Metro Networks, Metro Traffic andShadow Traffic. He serves as a mem-ber of the University of California’sBoard of Regents. Pattiz is a pastpresident and executive boardmember of the Broadcast EducationAssociation and a trustee of theMuseum of Television & Radio,the Hollywood Radio & TelevisionSociety and the NARAS Foundation.He is a member of the Council onForeign Relations and the PacificCouncil of International Relations.

Steven J. Simmons

Steven J. Simmons is chairman,CEO of Patriot Media andCommunications, LLC, a cable televi-sion company. It offers over 80,000customers digital programming,high speed Internet access, digitalphone and other advanced commu-nications services. Simmons chairsthe Cable TV Entrepreneurs Club of22 present and former cable CEO’s,previously served on the NationalCable TV Association Board, and wasvoted a Cable TV Pioneer. From1982-1994, he was chairman, CEO ofSimmons Communications, Inc. (SCI),which served cable subscribers in 20states with over 50 offices nation-wide. Prior to SCI, Simmons servedalmost four years on the WhiteHouse’s domestic policy staff, whichfollowed his being assistant, thenassociate professor, and author ofcommunications law articles atUniversity of California.

Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice

Secretary Rice serves as the ex-officio member of the bipartisanBoard. Prior to becoming Secretaryof State, Dr. Rice served as Assistantto the President for NationalSecurity Affairs, commonly referredto as the National Security Advisor.She also was in government servicefrom 1989 through March 1991, theperiod of German reunification andthe final days of the Soviet Union,when she served in the BushAdministration as Director, and thenSenior Director, of Soviet and EastEuropean Affairs in the NationalSecurity Council, and a SpecialAssistant to the President forNational Security Affairs.

BBG Governor Steven Simmons(second from right) and VOADirector David Jackson (thirdfrom right) are photographedalongside GEO Television officials at the launch of VOA'sBeyond the Headlines TV show in Islamabad, Pakistan, inNovember 2005.

VOICE OF AMERICA330 Independence Avenue, S.W.Washington, DC 20237Telephone: (202) 203-4959; Fax: (202) 203-4960Internet: http://www.voanews.com

RADIO FREE EUROPE/RADIO LIBERTY1201 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.Washington, DC 20036Telephone: 202-457-6900; Fax: 202-457-6992Broadcast Headquarters:Vinohradska 1CZ-110 00 Prague 1, Czech RepublicTelephone: 420-221-121-111; Fax: 420-221-123-013Internet: http://www.rferl.org

RADIO FREE ASIA2025 M Street, N.W.Washington, DC 20036Telephone: (202) 530-4900; Fax: (202) 530-7794Internet: http://www.rfa.org

MIDDLE EAST BROADCASTING NETWORKS(ALHURRA AND RADIO SAWA)7600 Boston BoulevardSpringfield, VA 22153Telephone: 703-852-9000Internet:http://www.alhurra.com; http://www.radiosawa.com

OFFICE OF CUBA BROADCASTING(RADIO AND TV MARTÍ)4201 N.W. 77th AvenueMiami, FL 33166Telephone: (305) 437-7000; Fax: (305) 437-7016Internet: http://www.martínoticias.com

BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS STAFFBrian T. Conniff, Executive DirectorCarol M. Booker, Legal Counsel/Ethics OfficerJanet Stormes, Chief Financial OfficerLarry Hart, Communications CoordinatorBruce Sherman, Strategic Planning ManagerSusan Andross, Congressional CoordinatorOanh Tran, Special Projects OfficerJohn Giambalvo, Policy and Program CoordinatorJames Morrow, Program Review and Strategic Planning Officer

Brian T. ConniffBBG Executive Director

Broadcasting Board of Governors330 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20237

Telephone: 202-203-4959 ■ Fax: 202-203-4960Email: publicaffairs@ibb.gov ■ Internet: http://www.bbg.gov