Broadband: Regional Capacity Building

Broadband: Regional Capacity Building

FTTH Middle East Conference 2009,10-11 November 2009, Amman, Jordan

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10-11 November 2009, Amman, Jordan

Alaa Al-Din (Aladdin ) Jawad Kadhem Al-RadhiConsultant Engineer, Researcher, Scholar, Educator,

Instructor, ToT & Capacity [email protected] [email protected], +962 796347600

� Bachelor Electrical Engineering, College Of Engineering / Baghdad University - Iraq

� Masters CINS: Computer Information Network Security, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

� Passionate / Advocate of New Horizons: Science, Technology, ICT & Internet for The Best Interests of Humanity, Environment, Education, e-services & Living Conditions

� Committed to “ICT Success Factors” & “21st Century Information / Economic Society Demands, Researches & Promotions”

� Advisory Council Member: PIR: Public Interest Registry www.pir.org

� Board of Trustees: AKMS: Arab Knowledge & Management Society www.akms.org

� IGF Ambassador & Global Member: ISOC: Internet Society www.isoc.org

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� IGF Ambassador & Global Member: ISOC: Internet Society www.isoc.org

� President: IPv6 Forum Jordan Chapter www.ipv6forum.com

� Alumni, ASK & International Contact: DePaul University Chicago, USA / School of CDM: Computing & Digital Media, www.depaul.edu

� Fellow: ITU, MENOG, ICANN & DIPLO Foundation

� Member: IEEE, COMSOC , ISCRAM, ICIE, ACS, UN-GAID, JORLA, Internet 2 SIG & EU MED CONNECT 2.

� Awarded “Information Share” Winner 2007-2009: ASIS&T: American Society for Information Science & Technology www.asis.org

Please Remember: Think Global ; Act local Please Remember: Think Global ; Act local

My Multi-Disciplinary Works

IPv6IPv6

DNSSECDNSSEC

Network SecurityNetwork Security CyberCyber

Information Society Information Society

4G4G

Future InternetFuture InternetBroadbandBroadband

PMPM

Web 3.0Web 2.0/3.0

E-LearningE-Learning

Spectrum Manag. Spectrum Manag. Security PoliciesSecurity Policies

Internet SecurityInternet Security

KM

NGNNGN

Thinking HatsThinking Hats

Disaster RecoveryDisaster Recovery

Business ContinuityBusiness Continuity

Cloud / Grid ComputingCloud / Grid Computing

Green ITGreen IT

ForensicsForensics

RFIDRFID

GSM SecurityGSM Security

BiometricsBiometrics

IAIAHuman SecurityHuman Security

CERTCERT

Convergence NetworksConvergence Networks

E-LearningE-Learning

ICT DICT4D

Security Tools & SolutionsSecurity Tools & Solutions

Thinking HatsThinking Hats

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

E-Gov.E-Gov.

Mind MapsMind Maps

Cloud / Grid ComputingCloud / Grid Computing

Security MetricsSecurity Metrics

Penetration TestingPenetration TestingVirtualizationVirtualization

FiberFiberIDS/IPSIDS/IPS

Digital DivideDigital Divide

Ubiquitous ComputingUbiquitous Computing

Sensor NetworksSensor Networks

In-Depth SecurityIn-Depth Security Wireless SecurityWireless Security

Wi-MaxWi-Max

Identity Mang.Identity Mang.Digital SocietiesDigital Societies

Application SecurityApplication Security

My Beliefs & Mottos

There Is NO Answer, But ONLY Solutions.There Is NO Answer, But ONLY Solutions.

The Future Is Already Here, It's Just NOT Evenly Distributed.The Future Is Already Here, It's Just NOT Evenly Distributed.

You can NOT gain ground if you are standing still.You can NOT gain ground if you are standing still.

Knowledge is like a garden; if it is NOT cultivated, it can NOT be harvested.

Knowledge is like a garden; if it is NOT cultivated, it can NOT be harvested.

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it can NOT be harvested.it can NOT be harvested.

Be the Change you seek in the world.Be the Change you seek in the world.

Bridging the Gap between Knowing and Doing.Bridging the Gap between Knowing and Doing.

The 1st hurdle is the people who will NOT accept the change that's already happened. People do NOT

lack strength; they lack will !

The 1st hurdle is the people who will NOT accept the change that's already happened. People do NOT

lack strength; they lack will !

Old vs. Today Business ModelsOld vs. Today Business Models

OLD TODAY

One De-Facto Monopolist Many providers of various services

Voice was the service provided Voice one service, Access is another

Cost depended on Call length & Distance

Distance have NO impact

Party called paid all parties involved

Internet uses model “bill and keep”

Variables in Telco's

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Variables in Telco's

� Technology Continuously & Rapidly Evolving

� Consumers Associating with Brands

� Change Management Life-cycle

� Solutions Diversity

� Direct / Indirect Competition is Changing the Games Rules

� Budget Limitation

Customer Centric Team+Brand

+ Operational Excellence

Success Key is:

=

The Needs: New Services = More Bandwidth New Services = More Bandwidth = New Architecture= New Architecture

3.7Mbps MPEG-2 CBR VHS Quality Video Stream

64Kbps Phone Line

128Kbps ISDN

600Kbps DSL

3Mbps DSL

1.544Mbps T1

10Mbps Ethernet

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100Mbps Ethernet

20Mbps MPEG-2 CBR HDTV Quality Video

Stream

Work at home

Educational & Medical

Applications

75% of users watch online videoYouTube = 27% of internet traffic

The Needs: ICT Success Factors

Broadband is the foundation for information society of 21st Century

Change the Operators

Economic Model

Creation of Multi-Service Providers: Any (Time,Place): VoD, IPTV, etc

Choke Points in 3.5G Networks due to Capacity Reach

Convergence Is Coming

� Broadband and IP everywhere (Convergence) is a true global

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� Broadband and IP everywhere (Convergence) is a true global trend, including in Mobile:

� Network Transformation to IP

� Fixed Mobile Convergence driven

� Global trend toward a flat network model

� Network Transformation shall enable proactive, valuable and sustainable differentiation

Cellular / Fixed: Worlds ConvergeCoverage / Mobility

802.16e

Wide Area

Mobile

Metro Area

Nomadic

Cellular Industry

802.16d

3.X G2G 2.5G 3G

Mobile

Broadband

HSPA / LTE

FDD & TDD TDD

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Coverage / Mobility

Data Speeds (Kbps) span a wide range100,000

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802.11n (Smart Antennas) 802.11 with

Mesh extents.

802.16eWiMAX

Local Area

Fixed

Metro Area

Nomadic

802.16dWiMAX

802.11 b/a/g

Fixed Wireless Industry

BB Definition Technically Functionally Market Wise

� ITU: Any network with a capacity >1.5 Mbit/s

� Countries have definitions which range from 200 kbit/s to 30 Mbit/s

Networks capable of carrying full-multimedia to end users with some degree of interactivity

� ADSL or Cable Modems

� BB services delivered by wireless, satellite and fiber optics

BB Access Technologies:

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� Type of technology (wire line or wireless)

� Area of coverage

� Distance from the network access (e.g. from local telephone exchange)

� Speed of data transmission

� Cost of deployment

� Wireless technologies:

� 3G – Third generation cellular mobile

� WLAN – Wireless Local Area Networks

� FWA – Fixed Wireless Access or “Wireless Local Loop” WLL

� Satellite

� Wired technologies:

� ADSL, VDSL, etc.

� Power Line Communications PLC

� Fiber Optic

BB Technologies: Wireless Technologies

3G Cellular Mobile

In EU , the best-known for 3G mobile is “UMTS2” (or “Wideband CDMA”).

WLAN (Wi-Fi)

“license exempt” spectrum (2,4 GHz and 5 GHz band) so-called “Hotspots”; at relatively low

investment & operational costs.

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• Subject to frequency spectrum availability• Can be deployed Easily & Less Costly (e.g. Stations, Airports, etc)

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FWA:FIXED WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP (WLL) or “LMDS”

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Uses radio links to connect fixed user rooftop antennas to BS antennas of the access network, & can reach over 30 km. The best-known wireless technology, called Local Multi-point Distribution System (LMDS), ensures a wide variety of access services

Satellite44� Used in isolated areas where NO

infrastructure can be deployed. � High latency (> 1 Sec. due long

radio transmission path), is a problem for various services

� Controlling is quite difficult, so the use can be highly restricted by law in some countries.

WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access � Global cell throughput, at 25 Mbit/s/cell; with IP native;� P–to–M microwave, with a 15 Km cell radius & Non line–of–sight � A main BB technology driver for emerging countries as being

supported by & interoperable. � Shares infrastructure (mainly masts, power, & security) with the

legacy mobile cellular infrastructure, avoiding the deployment of a WiMAX infrastructure “from scratch”.

� Can be deployed in urban & suburban areas, where copper is of limited availability or poor quality.

BB Technologies: Wireless Technologies

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limited availability or poor quality.

“Always Connected”

Urban & Rural areas

BB Technologies: Wired:

Current ADSL systems allow speeds of up to 2 Mbit/s downstream, and over 500 kbit/s upstream – reaching up to 5 km from the

telephone exchange.

ADSL Power Line Communications PLC

� This emerging technology allows for providing BB over electric power lines. It permits distribution of broadband Internet at speeds up to 50 Mbits/ second, & is most suited for use inside buildings. It can potentially provide connectivity via any electric plug

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connectivity via any electric plug in, for example, a house, school or hospital.

� The tech. can be used outdoors with some distance limitations.

� PLC has now gone through the experimentation stages & is currently being deployed in some schools and government buildings as a promising solution.

Fiber Optic

Is the most “future-proof” tech. to offer. New rollout techniques allow fiber to reuse existing infrastructure (water, gas, etc). Different “depths” of reach of fiber closer to the end user are sometimes described as FTTH: Fiber-to-the-Home

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BB Technologies: Wired: Fiber Optic

Fiber Network = Fiber-Based Access Network, connection subscribers to central point: Access Node

Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) Fiber-To-The-Building (FTTB)

Single Subscriber Multiple Subscriber

Not more than 2m from an external wall of subscriber’s premises.

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Access

Network � Fixed wireless networks (e.g. WLAN or WiMax)

� Mobile Network Base Stations

� Larger # of Subscribers (Houses, Buildings, etc)

FTTH Deployment TopologiesPoint To Multipoint (P2MP)

A Tree topology using Passive Optical Network (PON) where unpowered Optical splitters (32-128) are deployed in the field to be operated by one of the PONtechnologies (e.g. Giga PON) using TDM based MAC protocols to control the access of multiple subscribers over shared fiber.

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Point To Multipoint (P

Point To Point (P2P) Typically using Ethernet

Technologies ( 100BASE-BX10, 1000BASE-BX10), which can be mixed with SDH/SONET, for e.g., to provide dedicated fibers between the POP (Point Of Presence) and either the subscriber or a first active aggregation point in the network.

over shared fiber.

FTTH Deployment Topologies: PON Fiber Networks

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P2MP & P2P Access Solutions

Optical Line Terminal (OLT) @ service provider’s central office

G(Giga)PON = 2.5Gbit/s & 1.25Gbit/s To & From 64 users Max.

EPON =2Gbit/s downstream bit rate

Subscribers

GPON

PON =

# of Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) @ subscribers premises+

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OLT

= 3600 Subscribers

(based on Max. 64 / GPON

connection)

20 km

P2MP & P2P Access Solutions

Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) @ subscribers premises

* Indoor application (I-series)* Outdoor application (O-series)* Business application (B-series)* FTTB (Fiber-To-The-Building):

* Covers # of analogue phone connections (POTS)* # of Ethernet (Fast or Gig)* RF connections for video

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* RF connections for video overlay

PON use purely optical passive components that can withstand severe environment conditions without the need to consumer energy between the CO exchange & customer premises. The benefit Telecoms is low maintenance requirements

P2P

One dedicated fiber / customer between the Ethernet switch (POP) & home

One fiber to an aggregation point & dedicated fiber from there onwards

Easy to implement

Suitable for FTTB

All-Fiber Access Network Layout

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P Comparison

P2MP & P2P Comparison

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P Comparison

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P2MP & P2P Comparison

BB Network Model

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Networks

Challenges

3 Transformation Steps to Delivering BB

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BB Services: Any (Where, Tim

e, How)

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BB Services: Any (Where, Tim

e, How)

Wireless BB Access

Global Broadband Perspectives:

� Light Touch Regulation

� Let the market do the work

� Focus on creating right environment and removing regulatory obstacles

� Generally open market with

National Strategies Extending Access� Government generally

stands back but steps in to assist in specific areas where private sector might not deliver:� Access to schools,

hospital, libraries, etc� Access in regional or

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� Generally open market with a minimum of licensing requirements

� E-government initiatives

� No direct central government funding of access

e.g. NZ, Switzerland

� Access in regional or urban zones

� Digital divide initiatives to encourage access among disadvantaged or minority groups

� Government initiatives to support education, training, awareness raising, applications development etc.

e.g. UK, Germany, USA

Comprehensive National Plans

� Government positions itself as a technology champion

� Combines large-scale public funding with governmental guidance of private market

� Sees broadband as critical to international competitiveness

� Often associated with Asian countries

e.g. Japan, Rep. Of Korea, Malaysia, Singapore

Global Broadband Perspectives:

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e.g. Japan, Rep. Of Korea, Malaysia, Singapore

4 Principles for Broadband Connectivity

Universality Deployment & Subscription

Involve of Public & Private Sectors Future-Ready

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Major MENA Broadband Barriers:

Price11 22 DSL, Spectrum & Regulation

Deployment Barriers 1. Technical: Constraints on DSL technologies on older cable TV

networks.2. Regulatory:

1. Where infrastructure competition is NOT permitted, roll-out had been slower and prices higher.

2. Where there is cross-ownership between cable TV operators and incumbent Telco's, roll-out is slower.

3. Economic:1. High prices, Financial crisis is slowing down deployment2. Perceived lack of .killer applications

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� High prices & low market maturity slow down BB penetration

� Bundled services, whereby BB is provided with other services like telephony & TV content, constitute a key enabler for price reduction for service providers.

Price11 22 DSL, Spectrum & Regulation� Lack of a service culture & insufficient

quality of telephony copper (especially for DSL deployment) are factors hindering the deployment of Broadband. The promotion of a service culture and transparency as regards copper quality are needed. Wireless local loop WLL Technologies constitute an alternative to copper lines, provided that the availability of the needed frequency spectrum is ensured by governments & regulatory bodies.

� Peering is defined as an agreement between 2 ISPs to interconnect their networks in order to bypass expensive transit networks. This connection is made through Internet exchange points, or IXPs, which are facilities where ISPs can deploy cable to interconnect with other providers, generally from the same country or region.

� MENA countries can take advantage of 3 IXPs: EMIX in the United Arab Emirates, CRIX in Egypt & Beirut.


Peering & IXP Development33

Arab Emirates, CRIX in Egypt & Beirut.� Peering enables achievement of 3 goals:

� Lower costs: The traffic between 2 providers does NOT require an international transit bandwidth, which is very expensive.

� Reduce latency: by taking a shorter route for a connection, which is crucial for applications with a high QoS like VoIP.

� Decrease IP packets loss: This increases the efficiency of the provider’s network.

� To overcome the lack of national & regional peering, several attempts have been made to build a regional “Pan–Arab Back-bone Network”. To date, these attempts are still on-going.

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� Mass BB adoption is the result of the availability of content & applications that are relevant to users in their native language, & contributes in turn to the promotion of improved productivity in the economy as a result of this mass adoption.


44 Contents & Applications Local Loop Unbundling LLU55

� World-wide, local loop unbundling of the fixed telephony infrastructure is becoming an essential pre–requisite for such a market; hence result of this mass adoption.

Both factors are lacking in the MENA region. The development of digital Arabic content & the lifting of restrictions on Internet access allow the Internet to become the main medium for the exchange of knowledge between people.

� On–line Arabic content is typically estimated at approximately 1-2% of the total Web content

market; hence regulators should enforce it and avoid restrictions on the provision of other services. In the long term, incumbent operators will benefit from such competitive markets by becoming multi–service operators themselves.

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� The scope of Universal Access is confined to basic, conventional ICT services, & Universal Access to BB remains an unstated priority in national policies. An extended scope for Universal Access, which includes BB, should be clearly planed in national ICT policies, with an increase in investments for upgrading operators’ access networks. Associated regulatory mechanisms are needed to ensure effective competition while


66 Universal Access & ICT Policy

mechanisms are needed to ensure effective competition while bridging the digital divide between urban and rural areas

77 Converged Networks & Policy Making

� Network operators need to anticipate the convergence of their networks towards NGN model, where a single IP-based be able to provide any kind of service (Internet, voice, video, etc.)

� Policymakers in Government institutions should formulate policies that harness Broadband to achieve socioeconomic development. 29

Going Forward:

Understand your “Broadband Ecosystem”11

3 Pillars for BB

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� Driver: Acting as a neutral, facilitating party in the process

� Investor: As an investor, providing seed money & ROI late

� User: As a user, the authority can benefit directly in terms of administrative efficiency gains & as a user you can also encourage others, especially SMEs, to adopt broadband

� Service Provider: As a service provider over broadband Internet connections, an authority will be able to ensure better, faster, and more modern public services to its citizens

Define Your Role22

Going Forward: Think of key challenges33

� Project Management: Many organizations with differing aims, organizational skills are often involved. Complex tasks include public tendering, contract negotiations & monitoring execution, as well as general co-ordination & communication tasks.

� Design: Including making technological choices. Different technologies have different characteristics. that have a decisive impact on the project result.

� Legal Considerations: Laws & market structures are different from one country to another.

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� “Infrastructure-Only” Logic: Building infrastructure without having in mind the services it will carry and which users it will serve.

� “Captive Market” Logic: Building infrastructure at the demand, & in conditions, of one big user such as the biggest local enterprise.

� “Over-segmentation” Logic: Isolating major broadband consumers by nature of the service or platform they use.

Some Traps to Avoid!44

Going Forward: 55

Policy Makers?

� How important will BB be for the national economies?

� What demand-side stimulation policies work best?

� Policies have to follow market demand

� Optimize tech. capability Localized contents & applications

� Telecommunications Liberalization is key

� Support BB infrastructure deployment

� Encourage investments

� Reduce Government ownership while increasing government support

What's Next?

� Commission a feasibility study, including exploration of partners & their expectations, stakeholder analysis, assessment of topology,

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What's Next?

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their expectations, stakeholder analysis, assessment of topology, demographics, skills.

� Develop cost & ROI Return On Investment scenarios

� Improve technical & HR related to QoS as a key enabler for BB

� Provide relevant content & applications

� Improve regional connectivity & peering, & allow the emergence of powerful regional service providers

� Include BB access as a Universal Service Obligation

� Develop & generalize LLU & the emergence of multiple–service offers by newcomers & incumbents

� Bring down BB prices with bundled service offers

Some Resources

� www.broadband-europe.eu� www.ftthcouncil.eu� www.cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict� www.broadband.gov� www.spectrummanagement.eu� www.future-internet.eu� www.thinkbroadband.com� www.broadband.coop� www.ict-mobilesummit.eu� www.ieee-mobilewimax.org� www.getwimax.org

� www.itu.int� www.oecd.org� www.etsi.org� www.dslforum.org� www.ieee802.org� www.ict-bone.eu� www.ict-forward.eu� www.internet2.edu� www.i-society.eu� www.mesh-ip.eu� www.ngmn.org

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Some Resources

� www.getwimax.org� www.ieee802.org� www.wimaxforum.org� www.wimaxroaming.org� www.ict-fireworks.eu� www.ict-forward.eu� www.internet2.edu� www.nem-summit.eu� www.serviceweb30.eu� www.broadband-forum.org

� www.ngmn.org� www.ripe.net� www.educause.edu� www.ict-e3.eu� www.comsoc.org� www.ieee.org� www.ftthcouncil.org� www.cssc.eu� www.canarie.ca� www.ict-bone.eu

Knowledge is Like a Garden; if it is NOT Cultivated, it can NOT be Harvested.

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Please Remember: Think Global ; Act local Please Remember: Think Global ; Act local

Documents

Broadband: Regional Capacity Building