Broadband Networks & Smart Grids - AGCOM

GRUPPO TELECOM ITALIA

Broadband Networks & Smart GridsRoma (AGCOM), 1 luglio 2011

Telecom Italia /Public & Regulatory AffairsLorenzo Pupillo

Broadband Networks & Smart Grids

Table of ContentIntroduzioneSmart GridsICT & EnergyICT & Smart GridsBroadband Networks & Smart GridsPolicy & Regulatory Issues ICT & Smart Grid in Italia: i progetti in corso Conclusioni

Telecom Italia/Public & Regulatory AffairsLorenzo Pupillo

“i Seminari dell’AGCOM”Broadband Networks & Smart Grids

33Lorenzo Pupillo, Telecom Italia/Public & Regulatory Affairs


4

Smart Grids: the context

Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2009

48%

52% 49%

51%

MW

Social duty to contain climate changes through CO2 emissions reduction

Social and Political duty to satisfy quality of life

expectations

Economical duty and technological challenge to prepare to the massive

growth of electric vehicles, renewable energy sources, distributed

microgeneration energy systems

Lorenzo Pupillo, Telecom Italia/Public & Regulatory Affairs




66

Smart Grids: What is it?

Smart Grid is not a system! It is the concept of modernizing the electrical grid with ICT technologies.

The smart grid should manage power production, transmission, distribution and

consumption.

Smart Grid concept: the similarities to what happened in the TLC network:

In the eighties from analog to digital : the network equipment became “Smart”

Today the Web 2.0: Consumer become “Prosumers”.



77

Smart grids can be essentially be defined by their functions and their components

“A smart grid is an electricity network that uses digital and otheradvanced technologies to monitor and manage the transport ofelectricity from all generation sources to meet the varying electricitydemands of end-users.

Smart grids co-ordinate the needs and capabilities of all generators,grid operators, end-users and electricity market stakeholders to operateall parts of the system as efficiently as possible, minimising costs andenvironmental impacts while maximising system reliability, resilienceand stability”

(IEA, 2011)



88

Architettura di una Smart Grid

“A Smart Grid would work the same way that the Internet does. The difference is that while the Internet optimizes the routing of information, the Smart Grid optimizes the routing of electrons.”*

* “SMART 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age”, GeSI, 2008.



99

Smart Grids: Why !General Drivers

Consumption growth especially for non-OECD countries

Climate changes

Kyoto and EU 20-20-20 targets

Renewable energy developments

Specific/sector Drivers

Costs reduction

Renewable energy sources management

New business models (prosumers)

Consumer active participation

Reliability increase

Power failure time/year/household in USA: 162’

Resiliency increase against attack and natural disaster

EV (Electric vehicle) developments

Demand – Response and Self Heal

Virtual Energy Storage capabilities enabled by smart gridThe energy peak syndrome in Italy … and not only


Table of ContentIntroduzioneSmart GridsICT & EnergyICT & Smart GridsBroadband Networks & Smart GridsPolict & Regulatory Issues ICT & Smart Grid in Italia: i progetti in corso Conclusioni



1111

ICT is an enabler for energy saving & efficiency

ICT is a major source of energy consumption

~8% of the total electric consumption~15% estimated at 2020

ICT is both part of the problem and of the solution

PCs

30 GW

TVs

44 GW

others 40 GW

data centers 29 GW

network equipment

25 GW



1212

Energy consumption trend – wireline network

‘84 ‘88 ‘92 ‘96

GWh

Years‘98 ‘10‘08

Start of network digitalization

End of network digitalization

E TOT

E TLC

Fixed network domain

E TOT: total energy consumption from mains (TLC equipment, cooling, ausiliary systems)

E TLC: energy consumption of TLC equipment Source: Telecom Italia

End user appliancesPower Consumption

New challenge on energy savingNeed of further actions on TLC equipments

FUTURE high priority on energy

Last decade 20% reduction, but strong OPEX increase due to increased energy cost

’80-’90 Digital switching/ISDN = network consumption X 4

Energy consumption became a Key Issue

Start ADSL deployment



1313

Values in GWh

Energy consumption evolution 2008-2010-85 GWh

2010

2.171

2.256

2007

1. Sites Efficiency2. Switch off/compacting old equipment3. More efficient lighting4. Alternative energies5. Segregation/compacting equipment rooms6. Efficient use of offices7. Next Gen. Data Centres, virtualization …

1. BroadBand : ADSL, Switching, Intelligent Netw., Core network….)2. MobileNetwork3. OLO/ULL4. Data Centres5. Start of the NGN2

405

INCREASE

490

SAVING



1414

Energy consumption trend – IT infrastructure before 2008

(1) „Worldwide Server Power and Cooling Expenses“, IDC, 2006(2) Uptime institute & Thermal Management Consortium

Server Growth(1)Base installata (M unità)

+12% p.a.

201020082006200420022000

power density growth2)Kwatts/m2 per server e sistemi di archiviazione

+13% p.a.

20102008

2006

2004

2002

2000

IT Costs Growth (steady volumegrowth)

Energy

Human

2011

117

19

12

2007

100

17

7

• Salary growth• Inflation• HW capacity grows faster

then human productivity

• Steady cost according to performance growth

• Energy price• Emissions related fee• HW consumption

• Facility management costs

Fonte: Booz & Co. data centre cost projection model

Infrastructure.

Data Center



1515

-200k€/month

M03 M04 M05 M06 M07 M08 M09 M10 M11 M12 M01 M02 M03 M04 M05 M06 M07 M08 M09 M10 M11 M122008 2009

Energy Costs trend – IT infrastructure after 2008

Next Generation Data Center Project

Consolitation of 12.000 servers into

2.000

Infrastructure utilization index from

30% to 90%

Rehosting, virtualization and resource sharing


Table of ContentIntroduzioneSmart GridsICT & EnergyICT & Smart GridsBroadband Networks & Smart GridsPolict & Regulatory Issues ICT & Smart Grid in Italia: i progetti in corso Conclusioni



1717

How ICT can be the solution

EnergyIdentification

Data

Connected DevicesAn overlay ICT Network to the power infrastructure ->

Integrated Communication technology for the Smart Grid



1818

ICT meets Power : the horizontal viewService Plane

Billinge-CommerceSubscription management and activationBusiness processes

Control and Connectivity planeProtection and restorationTraffic engineeringConnectivity and routingVirtualizationAccess technologiesTime synchronization

Energy PlaneSensorsElectric storage and interconnectionTransmission and Distribution Power Systems, etc.

… with some vertical enablersPrivacy, Security, Data models

18

Service

Energy

IP NetworkCommunication & Control

(Source: ETSI/Smart Grids Scoping Meeting – June 14, 2010)



1919

CONCETTO CHIAVE DELLE SMART GRID

ENERGY + INFORMATION < ENERGY

Watson, R., Boudreau, M. and Chen, A. (2010).



20

The Smart Grid Communications Physical Architecture

Utility Wireless Workshop: March 2011 – Brussels (EUTC)



21

Smart Meter – Smart Grid – Smart Market Design

21

What needs to be „smart“?

Transmission System are

relatively intelligent and

controlled on the basis of reliable data

Medium and low-voltage grids are controlled virtually "blind"

Make these grids smarter to be able to control them actively at all

Not a single smart meter is necessary to achieve this

Fonte : BentZA 2010 Lorenzo Pupillo, Telecom Italia/Public & Regulatory Affairs


22

The Smart Grid Communications Physical Architecture

Utility Wireless Workshop: March 2011 – Brussels (EUTC)



Anticipated Smart Grid Benefits

23

Supply

Side

Increase or maintain the energy system’s level of:

Reliability

Security

Power quality

Resilience

Energy & economic

efficiency

Environmental

sustainability

Optimization of facility utilization and reduced need for exceed capacity provided by peak load power plants Improved connection and operation of generators of all

sizes and technologies Reduced environmental impact of the whole electricity supply system

Electricity

Network

Preventive maintenance and remote grid management through better monitoring and control features Minimized energy losses through efficient energy routing Increased degree of automation and “self-healing”

responses to system disturbances Effective incorporation of DER and PHEVs

Demand

Side

Provide consumers with greater information and alternatives of supply Increased responsiveness and flexibility of demand Enhanced efficiency by better management options

and greater awareness about energy consumption More participative and active role of power consumers Enable innovative services and applications



2424

The Role of a Smart Grid

Fonte: BentZA 2010Lorenzo Pupillo, Telecom Italia/Public & Regulatory Affairs


Wind in North Dakota

Solar in the Southwest

High Voltage Transmission

Lorenzo Pupillo, Telecom Italia/Public & Regulatory Affairs 25


2626

Perdite nella trasmissione e distribuzione di energia elettrica

Level of distribution losses in the electrical grid in different regions, distribution of losses by geographic area

(percentage)

7%

8%

9%

17%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

Latin America

Asia

Europe

United-States

CEPAL(2010)



Perdite nella trasmissione e distribuzione di energia elettrica in America LatinaDetails of distribution losses, average losses in the electrical grid by

country in Latin America( percentage)

average losses by country in Latin America

Chile

Paraguay

Costa Rica

Bahamas

Porto Rico

Belize

Barbados

Aruba

Guatem

ala

Peru

Salvador

Argentina

Cuba

Panama

Est plur of Bolivia

Brazil

Mexico

Colom

bia

Nicaragua

Urugay

Honduras

Rep Bol of Venezuela

R. Domi

Haiti

Ecuador

CEPAL(2010)



CO2 Savings Potential of Smart Grids

Fonte Gesi: 2008



For a profitable Business Case the full SMT’s potential has to be leveraged; Demand Response is the key

29Source: Faruqui et al. (2009), FERC (2010)

U.S. Demand Response PotentialPresent value costs and AMI-benefits (EU)

Business as Usual

Achievable Participation

Full Participation



30

Electricity sector challenges ICT applications

Generation

Renewable energy generation Smart meters Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V)

Distributed, small-scale electricity generation Virtual power plants Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) Smart meters

Transport (Transmission & Distribution)

Transmission and distribution grid management Sensor-based networks Embedded systems and software Integrated software systems and application programming interfaces (APIs) Smart meters Communications protocols, including machine-to-machine communication (M2M)

Storage

Storage capacities (physical and logical) V2G, G2V and vehicle-to-home (V2H) Smart meters End-user interfaces

Retail

Dynamic and real-time pricing for electricity

consumption and distributed generation

Smart meters End-user interfaces

Consumption

Electricity conservation and energy-efficiency End-user interfaces Smart meters Electricity data intelligence

(Automated) demand management End-user interfaces Smart meters Communication protocols, including M2M “Smart” buildings technologies “Smart” electronic devices Data centres and cloud computing

Integration of electric vehicles (and renewable energy

sources)

End-user interfaces Smart meters V2G, G2V Communications protocols, including M2M Integrated software systems and APIs

Facilitate access to electricity in developing countries (Electrification)

Mapping “smart” to “grid”: Smart Grid OECD May 2011Lorenzo Pupillo, Telecom Italia/Public & Regulatory Affairs


31

produzione trasmissione distribuzione utenti

oggi

domani

Mercato verticalmente integratoI generatori “seguono” il carico

Liberalizzazione del mercatoGeneratori e carichi operano in modo

coordinato

rete“intelligente”

Il cambiamento del contesto

Fonte: ERSE 2010Lorenzo Pupillo, Telecom Italia/Public & Regulatory Affairs


32

L’evoluzione della rete di trasmissione verso le smartgrids

La rete di trasmissione è già intelligente

Grazie al controllo in tempo reale dei grossi generatori, si garantisce l’equilibrio tra generazione e consumo

I nuovi problemi da affrontare

Difficoltà nelle realizzazione di nuove linee

Aumenta la generazione non programmabile (eolico, FV)

Maggior variabilità degli scambi di energia con l’estero

Gli sviluppi attesi

Sfruttare i “margini” dell’attuale rete tramite una gestione più flessibile

Sensoristica avanzata e sistemi di previsione in tempo reale, per fornire al gestore un quadro sempre aggiornato della situazione

Gestione dell’aleatorietà (es. sistemi di accumulo)

Interazione con la rete di distribuzione

Integrazione delle reti e dei mercati europei dell’energia

Fonte: RSE 2011



33

L’evoluzione della rete di distribuzione verso le smart grids

L’attuale rete di distribuzione è di tipo “passivo”

La rete distribuisce ai consumatori la potenza prelevata dalla rete di trasmissione: nessuna gestione dei generatori e carichi connessi alla rete di distribuzione

la generazione distribuita è considerata un’eccezione: viene collegata secondo l’approccio “fit & forget” (rete dimensionata sul “caso peggiore”)

Una volta connessi i generatori producono quando e come vogliono: la rete di distribuzione deve sempre accettare la potenza prodotta

Connessione di un grande numero di piccoli generatori sulla rete di distribuzione. Quali problemi?

l’approccio “fit & forget” limita eccessivamente l’hosting capacity, cioè il numero di generatori che possono essere connessi alla rete

Non è più garantito il flusso mono-direzionale dell’energia: possibile l’inversione di flusso

I generatori sulla rete di distribuzione si disconnettono a causa di disturbi sulla rete di trasmissione

Nel black-out tedesco del 2006 sono stati persi in Italia 2600 MW



34

Perché le reti elettriche attuali non sono adeguate (2)

Istogramma cumulato della percentuale di nodi con GD installabile pari al valore indicato in ascissa:dettaglio dei vincoli nodali più stringenti, assumendo come limite di variazione rapida di tensione il 4%

delvalore nominale

AEEG ARG/elt 25/09 “MONITORAGGIO DELLO SVILUPPO DEGLI IMPIANTI DI GENERAZIONE DISTRIBUITA PER GLI ANNI 2007 E 2008” Allegato 2

Fonte RSE 2010Lorenzo Pupillo, Telecom Italia/Public & Regulatory Affairs


35

I problemi ci sono già adesso

Richieste connessioni MT >> carichi

Inversione flusso (16% cabine primarie:

dato Enel Distribuzione)

Impatti non sono limitati alla distribuzione ma si propagano anche su livelli superiori (MT -> AT)

Problema di coordinamento delle risorse Richieste MT su rete Enel Distribuzione

(Enel Distribuzione, giornata 22 feb 2010)

Fonte: ERSA 2010Lorenzo Pupillo, Telecom Italia/Public & Regulatory Affairs


36

Smart grid: i servizi per i clienti finali

Apertura del mercato ai clienti finali: nuovi servizi

Una più ampia offerta per i consumatori attraverso i segnali di prezzo (energy pricing and critical peak pricing)

Favorire un maggior e più diretto coinvolgimento dei consumatori nella gestione dei propri prelievi

Prezzi per fascia oraria, grazie e alla disponibilità del contatore elettronico

Contatore elettronico di seconda generazioni (comunicazione bidirezionale)

Visualizzazione dei consumi

Integrazione tra contatore e sistemi di home & building automation

Domanda attiva

Fonte RSE 2011Lorenzo Pupillo, Telecom Italia/Public & Regulatory Affairs


37

Per aumentare le possibilità di gestione ottimizzata della rete elettrica, si includono

nella gestione:

organi di retegeneratori

comandabili

un insieme di clienti finali in grado di variare su richiesta la potenza assorbita/generata

(Virtual User/Virtual Power Plant)

Gestione integrata

dispositivi di accumulo



38

Una piattaforma per l’integrazione

http://seesgen-ict.erse-web.it/

Fonte : ERSE 2010Lorenzo Pupillo, Telecom Italia/Public & Regulatory Affairs




4040

BROADBAND & SMART GRIDS

TRANSMISSION NETWORK

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK



4141

BROADBAND AND THE SMART GRID

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION: “CONNECTING AMERICA: THE NATIONAL BROADBAND PLAN”

TRANSMISSION NETWORK



4242

BROADBAND & SMART GRIDS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

END USERS

OPERATORS



43

Broadband can help customers track and use energy more efficiently, and be a platform for innovation



44

Smart Grids for the telco operator

2 4 8 16 321 hour 0.8 1.5 3.1 6.1 12.315' 3.1 6.1 12.3 24.6 49.25' 9.2 18.4 36.9 73.7 147.51' 46.1 92.2 184.3 368.6 737.35 sec 553.0 1105.9 2211.8 4423.7 8847.4

kbit/day transmitted by each meter

Traffic?

For comparison:Average size of an e-mail: 59 kBytes (source School of Information Management, Berkeley: How Much Information? 2003 )

Services!

• Ecosistemi

• Interoperabilità

• Modelli di business

# of tx parameters

frequ

ency

(hypothesis: each parameter is codified with 16 bits without any data compression)



4545

BroadBand and UltraBB benefits for the Smart Grid

Benefit of TLC Broadband Network Usage for smart grid:Network Maturity and costs: The network is already there, to build an ad hoc network takes time and money!Network Planning & Management: Never neglect network planning & management issue complexity!Network capillarityNetwork & Data SecurityAAA protocols (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting)Data CenterBroadband as Home Networking component BB will allow the management of all home power sockets. Telstra estimates that stand by management could save 0.33% of Australia’s total energy consumption.

Issues to be tackled:Mission critical requirement: latency, availability, redundancy and security.



4646

… what is needed by the Distributed Generation (1/2)Critical issues

(Source: P. Mora – ERSE – 07/2010)



4747

… what is needed by the Distributed Generation (2/2)

(Source: P. Mora – ERSE – 07/2010)

Requirements on communications


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Broadband Networks & Smart Grids - AGCOM