BRITISH EMPIRE (continued) - Northwestern University …digital.library.northwestern.edu/league/le0283ci.pdf · BRITISH EMPIRE (continued) UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA GENERAL ... after

BRITISH EMPIRE (continued)

UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA

GENERAL

Area: Sq. miles: 795,289.Population (Census of I92I): 7,156,666,

of which 1,542,161 whites.

Army.

A. HIGHER ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL

The Defence Forces are administered by a IDefence Headquarter,consisting of:

Minister of Defence (ex-officio), President.Chief of the General Staff.Adjutant-General.Quartermaster-General.Director of Medical Services.Director of Air Services.

The Chief of the General Staff is charged with co-ordination andcontrol, and is alone responsible to the Minister for the direction ofmilitary policy.

There is also a Council of Defence, consisting of four non-depart-mental members. It has no executive functions, but is largely anadvisory body to the minister.

B. MILITARY DISTRICTS

The Union is divided into fifteen Military Districts, each in chargeof a District Staff Officer who is also the Registering Officer.

UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 373

C. CONSTITUTION AND ORGANISATION OF THEMILITARY FORCES

i. GENERAL.

The Defence Forces consist of:(i) Permanent Force.

(ii) Coast Garrison Force.(iii) Citizen Force.(iv) Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve.(v) Any Special Reserve established under the Act.

Every citizen of European descent between his I7th and 6oth yearis liable to render personal service in time of war in any part of SouthAfrica in defence of the Union. Every citizen is also liable to undergoa course of peace training, beginning in his 2ist year and lasting fouryears, but he may volunteer to begin his training in any year betweenhis I7th and 2ist year. Normally not more than 50 per cent of thoseliable will actually be taken for peace training.

Registration for all citizens on attaining the age of 17 is compulsory,but has been in abeyance since 1914. When registration is in force,a provisional ballot is prepared annually in each Military District ofall citizens registered in the district who are in their 2ist year and whohave not voluntarily entered for peace training ; if the numbers enteredvoluntarily fall short of the numbers required to complete establishmentsof units, the shortage is made good by ballot. Those not requiredfor peace training must serve as members of a Rifle Association fora period of four years.

REGISTRATION, I924 - POSITION at March 3Ist, 1924.

Number Total Total Voluntary Entries TotalMilitary District No. liable for Number Non-

Registration Registered Mounted Infantry and VoluntaryDismounted Registrations

I ....... 5,594 4,998 62 4,428 2342....... 6, 66 5,228 158 4,579 4223 ....... 3,781 3,477 531 2,643 2074 ....... 2,195 1,848 841 797 I375 ....... 2,747 2,567 264 1,837 III6....... 3,738 3,199 998 1,835 36I7 ....... 4,538 3,715 699 2,616 4008....... 9,801 9, IO 2,156 6,oo001 481

9 .... . 7,147 7,267 537 5,602 848o ....... 4,831 4,329 1,456 2,287 586

II . . . . . . . 4,328 3,769 728 2,633 40812 ........ 2,288 1,735 491 1,152 9213 ....... 2,544 1,903 367 1,400 62

14 ....... 4,899 4,303 154 3,713 43615 ....... 3,727 3,053 459 2,297 297

Total..... 68,324 60,492 9,901 43,820 5,082

374 BRITISH EMPIRE

2. PERMANENT FORCE.

This Force consists of:I. Staff Corps;

II. Instructional Corps;III. Naval Service;IV. Field Artillery;V. The ist Regiment, South African Mounted Riflemen;

VI. Permanent Garrison Artillery;VII. Engineer Corps;

VIII. Air Force;IX. Service Corps;X. Medical Corps

XI. Ordnance Corps;XII. Veterinary Corps;

XIII. Administrative, Pay and Clerical Corps.The organisation aimed at for the Air Force is to establish a Head-quarters, Depot, and one Squadron of three flights, each of six machines,

and later on to establish a second Squadron.

3. COAST GARRISON FORCE.

The Coast Garrison Force, established for the protection of thedefended ports of the Union, consists of the Coast Garrison Artilleryand the Coast Defence Corps.

The Coast Garrison Artillery consists of:ist Division, styled the Cape Garrison Artillery.2nd Division, styled the Durban Garrison Artillery.

The Coast Defence Corps also consists of two Divisions, each Divisionconsisting of:

A Fortress Engineer Section, composed of men who have re-ceived training as electrical engineers, fitters, etc.

A Harbour Control Section composed of harbour, lighthouse,and post and telegraph employees.

The first engagement is for four years; men may subsequentlyre-engage for periods of three years.

4. CITIZEN FORCE.

The Citizen Force is composed of all persons liable to render personaliservice in time of war who are not members of the Permanent Force,iCoast Garrison Force or Naval Volunteer Reserve.

It comprises the following divisions:(i) Active Citizen Force;(2) Citizen Force Reserve;(3) National Reserve.

(i) The Active Citizen Force is organised by units of the variouscombatant arms (including an Aviation Corps) and departmental


services ; the organization aims at the provision of Field Forces properlyequipped to take the field composed of Groups of Units in the sameor adjoining Districts. (The new Act transfers the Aviation Corpsfrom the Citizen to the Permanent Force.)

In I920, the Railways and Harbour Brigades, created from theDefence Rifle Association organisation of the same name, becamepart of the Active Citizen Force. It consists at present of two Bat-talions, but establishments for other Units, including TransportationBattalions, Harbour Companies, Supply Companies, Armoured Trains,etc., are under consideration.

Enrolment may be either voluntary, between the ages of 17 and21 years or by ballot at the age of 21 years, as explained in paragraph i.Service is for four years.

Owing to the fact that registration has been in abeyance since 1914,in order to keep the Active Citizen Force in being, it was found neces-sary to call for volunteers between the ages of 17 and 21 years to undergothe four years' course of training, and it was decided that only thoseUnits should be accepted for training in which voluntary enlistmentsexceeded 50 per cent of establishment.

(2) The Citizen Force Reserve is divided into two classes : Class A. -Citizens not past their 45th year who have undergone their four-yearspeace training. Men other than those who join the Permanent ForceReserve act as reservists to the particular Units in which they did theirtraining up to a certain age; after that age they go to form ReserveUnits capable of taking the field. Class B. - All other citizens, notpast their 45th year, other than those who join the Permanent ForceReserve, who are serving or who have served as members of a RifleAssociation. They are organised to form Territorial Corps or Comman-dos, of which IIo are established.

(3) The National Reserve consists of all citizens who are notmembers of any other portion of the Defence Force, and are liable torender personal service, i.e., those who have finished their servicein the various Reserves and are under 60 years of age.

5. SPECIAL RESERVES.

The special Reserves established under the Act consist of:(i) Reserve of Officers.(2) Permanent Force Reserve. Under the new Bill these consist of:

(a) Those who have completed their period of engagementand are required to serve in the Reserve. Service in thisReserve is for not more than five years nor beyond 35years of age.

(b) All other citizens except members of the Coast GarrisonForce, Active Citizen Force or R.N.V.R., who arequalified by health, experience and age, who volunteerand are accepted.

376 BRITISH EMPIRE

(3) Coast Garrison Force Reserve. - This is composed of membersof the C. G. F. who have completed their period of trainingand service and who are not past their 45th year. They areliable to present themselves once annually for inspection.

(4) Veteran Reserve. - This consists of members of the NationalReserve or of Class B of the Citizen Force Reserve (other thanthose who have joined the Permanent Force Reserve) whohave had war experience or an adequate military trainingand who engage to serve in time of war with the Veteran Re-serve.

6. RIFLE ASSOCIATIONS.

These were instituted in order to ensure that all citizens liable torender personal service in time of war should, as far as possible, beproficient in or familiar with military weapons of precision. In additionto those liable but not entered in their 2Ist year for peace training,as outlined in paragraph i, every other citizen liable to render personalservice in time of war may engage to serve as member of a RifleAssociation.

7. CADETS.

In districts where facilities can be provided, all boys between their13th and I7th years may be required to undergo annually, subjectto their parents' consent, a prescribed course of Cadet training, includingmusketry.

The powers and duties originally vested in the Commandant ofCadets are now exercised and carried out by the Chief of the GeneralStaff.

8. AIR FORCE.

The South African Air Force is part of the Union Defence Force,and is administered by the Air Section at Defence Headquartersunder a Director of Air Services, who is also the executive Commanderof the Air Force.

The organisation of the force is:(i) headquarters;(2) aircraft depot, including stores section, workshops, and reserve

airplane park;(3) flying training school, capable of training fifteen to twenty

pupils at the same time ;(4) service squadrons, of which one squadron is at present fully

established;(5) special reserve of pilot officers on a numerical establishment of

twenty-four special reserve officers to each active aeroplaneflight;

(6) general reserve of officers.


D. TRAINING

i. PERMANENT FORCE.

The S. A. M. R. are trained on regular lines for both mounted andartillery duties.

2. COAST GARRISON FORCE.

The course of training for the South African Garrison Artillery inany one training year is :

Maximum. .......... 24 days.Minimum........... 18 )

Of these, 14 and Io days respectively must be continuous, i.e.,field training in camp or bivouac. Recruits will perform drills ofi/ hour's duration thrice weekly during the months of July, Augustand September. The periods of non-continuous days' training arethe same as for the Active Citizen Force.

The course of training for the Fortress Engineer Section of theCoast Defence Corps will be the same as that laid down for the CoastGarrison Artillery, except that recruits' drills will be of two hours'duration. Members of the Harbour Control Section of the Coast DefenceCorps are liable to attend and undergo a period of practice mobilisationor training not exceeding four days in any one training year.

3. ACTIVE CITIZEN FORCE.

Although by the Defence Act all recruits are liable to a maximumof 30 days, and all trained men to a maximum of 21 days' trainingannually, the course of training at present prescribed by the regulationsis as follows:

(a) For the first year's (recruit) training:Mounted troops ......... 25 days.Field Artillery .......... 23 DEngineers ............ 22 )Infantry ............ 22 )Departmental troops ....... 22 D

Of the above, 22 days for mounted troops, 14 for Field Artilleryand 12 for other arms must be "continuous", i.e., field training in campor bivouac.

(b) For the second and subsequent years:Mounted troops ......... i8 days.Field Artillery .......... 21 )Engineers ............ 18 ),Infantry ............ . 8 DDepartmental troops ....... 6 D

Of the above, 15 days for the mounted troops and Field Artillery,

378 BRITISH EMPIRE

io for the Engineers and I2 for other arms are " continuous ". Aday of non-continuous training consists of one period of 8 hours ortwo periods of 4 hours or six periods of i 1 hour.

With the exception of the two Battalions of the Railways and Har-bour Brigade, the training of the Units of the Active Citizen Forceaccepted for peace training during 1921 was, owing to lack of funds,restricted to the firing of the annual musketry course and attendanceat one inspection parade.

Four officers' courses, each lasting three weeks, were held at theMilitary School.

The Act of 1922 lays down that, during the four years of liabilityto training, the training shall be done in three periods, of which the firstperiod shall be in the first year and shall not exceed fifty days' continuoustraining, and the other two periods together shall not exceed thirtydays.

During the Military Year 1923-24 the following units were acceptedfor peace training:

Unit Military DistrictNo..

8th Citizen Battery (T. H. A.) ......... 8ist Mounted Rifles (N. C.) ............ . 42nd D a (N. C.) . . . . . . . . . . . . .3rd D N (N. M.R.) ... 5........ 5th D (I. L. H.) ..... 8

19th (T. M. P.) . . .. 3ist Infantry (D. L. I.) . . .. .2nd , (D. E. O. R.) ...... I3rd ) (P. A. G.)... .. 25th )) (Kaff Rifles). . ...... 36th i) (C. T. Highlanders) .. .7th , (Kimberley Regt) .... 3. 8th A (Tvl. Scottish) ...... 89th D (C. P. R.) ... i

ioth D (Wit. Rifles) ......... .8iith (R. L. I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812th , (Pretoria Regt.) ..... .... .... 9ist Infantry Bttn. R. and H. Brig. ........2nd P Bttn. R. and H. Brig. . . . . Various

Two Armoured Trains R. and H. Brigade. .Ist Field Ambulance (S. A. M. C.) . . ... 82nd)) (S. A.M. C.) . .. 5No. i Company (S. A. M. C.) ..... .. INo. 2 a (S. A.M. C.)............ 8

4. CITIZEN FORCE RESERVE.

All members are liable to be called upon once annually for inspection.Reservists are permitted to attend the annual continuous training underthe following conditions:


Class A. - If allotted to Units of the Active Citizen Force, theirtotal attendance shall not involve an excess over the establishmentof a Unit of more than io per cent; if belonging to Reserve Unitsonly, then in sufficient numbers to form Units of the strength of a Bat-tery, Squadron or Company.

Class B. -- Provided sufficient members for each Corps attend soas to form an officer's command.

5. RIFLE ASSOCIATIONS.

Compulsory members (see above) undergo a prescribed course oftraining and exercise, arms, ammunition and accoutrements being issuedat Government expense. Other members will be provided with a rifleon loan or purchase and a free annual grant of ammunition. All memberswill be required at least once a year to produce their rifles, etc., forinspection.

NUMBER AND MEMBERSHIP OF DEFENCE ASSOCIATIONS

BY PROVINCES, 1922-23.

Number MembershipProvince of

Associations Officers Other Ranks Total

Cape of Good Hope . . . 433 874 50,836 51,710Natal ........... 6i 73 4,7 I I 4,784Transvaal..... 362 1,122 52,398 53,520Orange Free State . . . . . 231 458 25,927 26,385

Union at June 30th, 1923 . I,O87 2,527 I33,872 136,399

At June 30th, 1922 .... 1,050 2,608 129,101 131,709

6. CADETS.

The" training includes instruction principally in drill, musketry,hygiene'and signalling, and when personnel are available other subjectssuch as camp cooking, map reading, knots and lashings, swimming, etc.Where no facilities exist for Cadet training, boys between their I3thand I7th years may join a Rifle Association as Cadet members.

Camps have been held regularly since 19I7, except in the KimberleyMilitary District, where the distance to be travelled by Cadets is toogreat.

Two courses of instruction for Cadet officers are held annually atthe Military School.

380 BRITISH EMPIRE

The following statement shows the number of officers and cadetsin each of the four Provinces at June 3oth, I913, I922, and I923

1913 1922 1923Provinces

Officers cadets Officers cadets Officers Cadets

Cape ......... I77 3,943 440 I6,575 472 17,671Transvaal ....... 135 3,173 402 13,650 418 14,491Natal.. 32 3,858 69 3,956 70 4,055Orange Free State . . - — 87 3,367 76 2,903

Total........ 344 10,974 998 37,548 1,036 39,120

7. MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS.

At the Military School at Roberts' Heights courses are held for officersof the Permanent and Active Citizen Forces, Defence Rifle Associations,Cadet Forces and for N. C. O.s and men of the Permanent Force. Thesubjects dealt with include: Staff duties, intelligence, tactics of allarms, reconnaissance, drill, map reading and field sketching, topography,field engineering, musketry (including machine guns and Lewis guns)gunnery, signalling, field cooking, military hygiene, interior economy,military law, Union Military Discipline Code, Defence Act, etc.


E. BUDGET EFFECTIVES

1925-I926.

Officers Other Officials Native

Administration ........... 1.37Quartermaster General ......... 46Medical Service ............ 76 51Military College .......... 33 29

Total............... -. 292 80o

PERMANENT FIELD FORCE

(including Ordnance, Supply andother Services)

Staff .... 7 24 - 9Batteries of Field Artillery ....... Io 316 - iiMounted Machine-Gun Squadrons. . . 12 320 — 7Engineer Corps .2 31 . 75Service Corps ............. 5 59 o6Ordnance Corps............ Io 123 - IIIVeterinary Corps ....... .. .. 3 - 6

Total.. 46 876 - 325

PERMANENT FORCE (CAPE PENINSULA)

Headquarters Staff .. 3 5 'I3Instructional Staff ...... . I 6 Militarv Police and Detention Barracks . 2 - -

Garrison Artillery ........... 6o - 8Fortress Engineers ........... 3 64 i8Air Force .............. 27 40 To6

Total............... 43 487 - 45

CITIZEN FORCE AND CADETS

Total ...... ........ I I70 72

F. POLICE

The South African Force is constituted under the Police Act, No. 14of i912. The Force, which is under the command and control of aCommissioner of Police, may be employed in case of war or other emer-gency to assist in the Defence of the Union in any part of South Africa.

Period of service is for three years, with renewals of two-year periods.The budget effectives of Police in I925-1926 is of 10,242 officers and

other ranks of which 3,948 natives, etc.

382 BRITISH EMPIRE

II.

Navy.

LIST OF UNITS.

(I925)Surveying vessel:Protea (I919). Displacement 800 tons. Dimensions: 231 X 28 ft.

74 in. X 72 feet. Guns: I 3-pdr.Miscellaneous:

4 units (mine-sweeping trawlers, depot ship, etc.).

III.

Budget Expenditure on National Defence.

A. NOTES ON BUDGET PROCEDURE.

(i) The financial year covers the period April Ist to March 3Ist.The budget for a given year is usually presented to Parliament beforethe end of the preceding year, and is voted some months after its close.The closed accounts are published some 7 or 8 months after the endof the fiscal year to which they refer.

(2) The general budget, as distinguished from the Railways andHarbours administration budget, contains two separate accounts -the Revenue Account and the Loan Account. The former is creditedwith all money from revenue proper, and is charged with the greaterpart of current expenditure, including debt service. The Loan Accountis credited with money derived from the raising of loans, etc. Capitalexpenditure and such extraordinary expenditure as war costs, theconstruction of military establishments, etc., are charged to this fund.

(3) The budget is drawn up on the system of gross appropriations.(4) The Provinces and Local Authorities do not contribute to thecosts of national defence.


B. BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON NATIONAL DEFENCE.

I. Siummary of De/ence Expenditure (Gross).

TABLE I.

Closed Closed Estimates EstimatesAccounts Accounts submitted to submitted to

Parliament Parliament

1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26

£'s (ooo's omitted)

Revenue Account, Ministry of De-fence :

Army. ........... 771 777 812 736Navy............ ^ 54 .69 68Navy . . . . .. . .... 47 54 69 68Air Force ......... 87 103 ioI 94

Total Revenue Account . 905 934 982 898

Loan Account:Ministry of Defence ..... 34 48 I4 5Post-war expenditure. 97Defence endowment account . 185 57 63 5

Total Loan Account ... 316 105 177

Total ........ . 1,221 I,039 1,159

% % % OloDefence Expenditure Index .. . . Ioo 83 95 5

Index Number of Wholesale Prices :1913 100 .oo .... . 1281 I27 I28 130°

1922-23 = oo0 . . . . oo 99 Ioo 102

£'s (ooo's omitted)Defence Expenditure reduced to pre- 1

war price level ........ 950 820 9mIo

Index of Defence Expenditure % % % /0reduced to pre-war price level . . ioo 86 96

1April i922 to January 1923.2 April I923 to January 1924.3 April I924 to January 1925.'April 1925.

Not available.

Except in 1922-23, where post-war expenditure is included as shownabove, the figures in the table exclude war charges, pensions and debtservice.

384 BRITISH EMPIRE

II. Analysis of Defence Expenditure.

(i) The following table gives an analysis of the defence expenditurecharged to the Revenue Account for the financial years 1923-24, 1924-25and I925-26.

TABLE 2.

Closed Estimates Estimatessubmitted to submitted to

Parliament Parliament

1923-24 1924-25 1925-26

£'s (ooo's omitted).

Administration . . .......... 6o 61 56

Quartermaster-General's Section .... Ix6 15 I 151

Medical services . ............ 4 15 14

Military College ............. 29 25 25

Permanent Field Force. ........ 220 3132 2712

Permanent Force (Cape Peninsula) . . . . 73 81 8

South African Air Force ........ 103 IoI 94

Naval services ............. 54 69 68

Citizen Forces and Cadets ....... 230 254 230

Special services ............ 35 39 38

Telegraphs and Telephones ....... 9 7

Total .......... ... 934 982 898

Headquarters only.2 Permanent Field Force, including Ordnance, Supply and other Services formerly included in Quartermaster.

General's section.

The table above shows the expenditure of the various military andnaval corps and institutions, while in Table 3 below are shown thesums spent on different objects - personal services (salaries), arms,ammunition, etc.


TABLE 3.

Estimates Estimates Estimates Estimatessubmitted submitted submitted submitted

to to to toParliament Parliament Parliament Parliament

____________________ 1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26

£'s (ooo's omitted)Salaries, wages and allowances . 6 536 537 475Subsistence and transport . .. 35 35 37 42Clothing .. ...... 59 51 6i 63Arms, equipment and ammunition . 69 69 73 70Rations, forage, fuel and light.. . 121 i13 129 Ii6Animals and vehicles ...... 9 8 17 9Medical services ..... 17 6 15 15Veterinary and farrier services 2 i i 2Camps and field manoeuvres . . 3 8 i 9Aerodromes and aviation stores . 5 20 3 13Capitation grants.4 3 4 4Ranges and Bisleys . . 1 6 i8 iNaval stores, equipment works and

repairs . ..... . 15 22 20 19Miscellaneous and incidental expenses 35 27 22 20Rates- Light, Sanitary Services, etc. 15 19Telegraphs and Telephones .9 7

Total ........... 916 935 982 898

Military Establishments. No information is available as to whether,and if so, to what extent, the Union of South Africa maintains militaryfactories or other establishments.

(2) Defence Expenditure charged to the Loan Account.

(a) Ministry of Defence. The expenditure shown in Table i ismainly on account of construction, viz., construction of oil-fuel tanks,naval store and workshop accommodation, additional barracks, etc.

(b) Post-war expenditure is to be regarded as a war charge. Itincludes expenditure on hospital and medical treatment, artificial limbfactory, etc. In the budgets from I923-24 onwards the post-warexpenditure has been transferred to the Revenue Account (£98,oooin i923-24, £76,ooo in i924-25 and 73,00ooo in 925-26, included under"Pensions ").

(c) The expenditure in the Defence Endowment Account for 1922-23consists partly of purchase of War Department property and partly

25

386 BRITISH EMPIRE

of general defence works. The War Department property referred towas taken over in consequence of the withdrawal of the regular garrisonstationed in the Union before the war. The costs of general defenceworks are initial costs in connection with the reorganisation of SouthAfrican defence forces. The expenditure for 1923-24 and 1924-25 isonly for general defence works.

III. Receipts in connection with Defence Expenditure.

"Departmental receipts," so called, accounted for on the revenueside of the budget, were as follows:

Closed Accounts Closed Accounts Closed Accounts

1921-1922 1922-1923 1923-1924

E's (ooo's omitted)Revenue Account . ..... 37 63 24Loan Account ..... . . 3 . 30 -

Total ........ 67 63 24

The receipts in the Revenue Account are mainly due to sale of dis-used material; in the Loan Account, to sale of surplus war material.

The departmental receipts (Revenue Account) are estimated at£25,000 for 1924-25 and £20,000 for 1925-26.

IV. Expenditure re/erring to Previous Years.

(I) Debt Service. No interest on or redemption of public debtis charged to the military budgets.

(2) Pensions. The pensions account in the budget does not showcivil and military pensions separately. There is, however, an itemfor " War Allowances, " including war pensions for all wars in whichSouth Africa has participated. The amounts provided for are thefollowing:

£'s (ooo's omitted).Closed Accounts 1922-23 ............. I,039

1923-24 ............. 935Estimates 1924-25 ............. 840

1925-26 .......... 860


IV.

Industries capable of being used for War Purposes.

RAW MATERIALS, MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS, ETC.

(Output, Imports, Exports.)

I. FUEL

(In thousands of metric tons.)

A. Coal B. Petroleum

Motor spirit, ParaffinBenzene and other

Coal Coke and Naphtha Lubricating min. oi

OUTPUT.

1 (thousands of gallons 2)1920 10,408 21192I I0,339 231922 8,831 371923 Io,8io 54I924 11,33I

IMPORTS.

920 0 -4 -- 1,012 2,799 10,397-92I 4 II,339 2,538 I5,975

I922 4 I 10,672 2,432 10,500I923 0.6 2 14,487 2,976 o10,170I924 2 18,875 4,046 16,573

EXPORTS.3

I920 1,i8o 5I92I 1,628 2.3 -1922 1,340 91923 1,727 31 — .1924 1,744 21 -_

1 Local sale.2 I English gallon = 4.546 litres.a Coke and patent fuel.

388 BRITISH EMPIRE

II. ORES AND METALS(In metric tons.)

A. Ores.

Iron Manganese Copper Lead Zinc Chrome Pyrites

OUTPUT.1 1 2 3 2 1

I920 2,326 6i 9,870 526 2,13 3,1471921 2 ,192 275 I43 192 1,161 363 3,9491922 1,913 128 640 4,040 - 86 2,8481923 521 393 8,581 5,134 - - 2,996I924 - 335 9,035 4,730 - 824 2,350

IMPORTS.920 -921

1922

I9231924 3 5

EXPORTS.4 5

1920 Io 7,793 6 2,148192I 186 5 1,I741922 I- 00 34i923 - - 2,657 521924 - - 462 210o - 93

B. Metals.

Pig Iron Iron and Steel Copper Lead Zinc Aluminium

OUTPUT.6 6 6

I920 1,368 I2,198 4,496 260 1,122I92I 1,041 20,170 95 164 5901922 - 15,443 597 3,878I923 24,552 6,I7I 4,897I924 8,162 4,492

1 Local sale.2 Shipped.a Partly local sale, partly shipped.4 Ore and concentrates.s Ore and bullion.6 Metal content.


Iron and Steel Copper Lead Zinc Aluminium

IMPORTS.1 2 3 4 5

I920 1,331 i8o 851 1,4811921 1,164 132 566 1,561 -1922 979 89 894 1,913 --

1923 2,472 I00 884 2,2761924 2,715 338 723 2,447 4

EXPORTS.6 7 8 9

1920 1,331 I031921 0.8 -1922 - 1,422

1923 2,324 0.7 1924 1,839 28

III. CHEMICAL PRODUCTS(In metric tons.)

A. Raw Material.Nitrate of Sodium Salt Sulphur

OUTPUT.

920o -- 80,613192I 62,0321922 75,8061923 62,170

1 Cast iron, pig and ingot. Iron and steel imports in bar, bolt and rod, in angle,channel, girders, beams, hoop, pipes, plates, wrought iron and steel, wire, etc., were121,752 metric tons in 1920, 60,825 in 1921 ; 111,713 in 1922 ; 132,519 in 1923; 1;62,531in 1924. Excluding rails, which were 7,282 M.T. in 1923; 16,490 in 1924. No weightshown prior to 1923.

. In bar, ingot and rod, plate and sheet, etc. Crude (ingot, pig and slab), 1924, 1 M.T.3 In pig, sheet, pipes, etc.4 Unmanufactured.5 Ingots. Bar, sheet, etc., 1924, 13 M.T.6 Iron and steel exports in angle, channel, bar, bolt, rod, wire, etc., were 2,141 metric

tons in 1920 ; 1,097 in 1921 I 1,028 in 1922; 852 in i923; 775 in 1924-7 Regulus and matte. Copper exports in bar, rod, ingot, etc., were 26 metric

tons in 1920; 20 tons in 1921; 544 in 1922.8 Ingots. Bar, pipe and sheet in 1920, 73 M. T.; in 1921, 20 ; in 1922, 5 ; in 1923,

2,294; in I924, 3,830.9 Bar, ingot, plate and sheet 3 M.T. in 1920; 6 in 1921; 2 in 1922; 5 in 19231

8 in 1924.

390 BRITISH EMPIRE

Nitrate of Sodium Salt Sulphur

IMPORTS.1920 31 772 20,9711921 8 2,630 12,4291922 22 2,770 9,737I923 6o 2,304 14,7141924 4 2,060 9,270

EXPORTS.I920 1,248I92I 604 271922 287 91923 130 51924 III 32

B. Manufactured Products.Sulphate Nitric Sulphuric Soda Spirit

of Ammonia Acid Acid (r,ooo gallons)OUTPUT.

1920 1,844192I 833 2831922 i88 i151923 462 87

IMPORTS. 871920 4 I5 2,091 441921 439 2 Io 1,10o6 401922 3 I 5 3,026 22I923 239 3 23 2,5561924 487 4 36 2,829

EXPORTS.1920 1,272 - 46 - 281921 1,390 358 0.03 191922 i68 — 87 - I1923 137 -88 61924 448 0.4 78 8

IV. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

A. Cereals.(In metric tons.)

Wheat Rye Barley Oats MaizePRODUCTION.

1920 207,200 20,000 23,600 86,700 1,210,8001921 229,100 17,200 28,600 75,300 894,ooo1922 170,700 20,300 26,400 83,100 1,792,900923 I64,ooo 997,900

1924 1,859,700


1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925M.Q. M.Q. M.Q. M.Q. M.Q. M.Q.

WHEAT

Imports o106,6oo 21,500 38,100 129,400 155,500 -

Exports 200 -.. ..

WHEAT FLOUR

Imports 65,400 21,200 30,000 44,400 38,600 Exports 7,400 7,900 2,100 1,400 go900

RYE

Imports . - -

Exports I,oo - -—

RYE FLOUR

Imports - - --

Exports 400 300 -

BARLEY

Imports 3,300 - - -

Exports oo00

OATS

Imports 2,600 500 200 100 -

Exports ,6oo 4,100 2,100o 3,300 ,800oo

MAIZE

Imports 8,400oo -

Exports 31,600 352,600 246,800 5xi,8oo 65,300

RICE

Imports 21,600 29,200 31,000 38,000 34,400Exports 300 200 I00 00 I00 -

B. Potatoes.

(Metric tons.)

PRODUCTION. IMPORTS. EXPORTS.

I920 ioi,6oo 1,903 1,9581921 117,900 783 2,5931922 95,700 531 1,4761923 - 798 1,2761924 1,463 1,204

392 BRITISH EMPIRE

V. LIVE-STOCK (Number).Cattle Sheep Pigs

1920 5,974,8021 26,228,9603 560,I55 i92I 8,557,0892 31,729,5122 914,7692I922 6,552,8371 28,495,7483 540,634 41923 9,3I5,182 31,223,746 867,679

Horses Goats Mules1920 69o,I246 4,895,08o 92,795 71921 920,468 2 7,836,6962 116,789 21922 767,4815 5,528,552 6 112,946I923 857,550 8,244,154 118,963

Horses Mules Cattle Goats PigsIMPORTS.

8

1920 298 60 6i6 958 641921 216 41 325 56 391922 I56 65 3 421923 94 138 2 96I924 81i 24 - I

EXPORTS.

I920 430 314 1,66i 4,843 I,1441921 24I 86 1,979 1,752 1,7931922 259 231 702 2,240 7621923 178 223 177 2,398 9311924 97 479 138 2,030 273

VI. MEATS (Metric tons).Fresh, Chilled Smoked, Salted Preserved,and Frozen and Dried other

IMPORTS.1920 1,000 66 950I921 3 205 2101922 98 308 4741923 36 421 679I924 2i 578 1,245

1 Exclusive of the cattle in towns, on native reserves or on land occupied by natives.2 Census.3 Exclusive of the sheep in towns, etc.* Exclusive of the pigs in towns, etc.5 Exclusive of the horses in towns, etc.6 Exclusive of the goats in towns, etc.? Exclusive of the mules in towns, etc.8 Excluding "oxen, " not shown after 1921: 1920 16,407.

1921 = 19,148.


Fresh, Chilled Smoked, Salted Preserved,and Frozen and Dried other

EXPORTS.I920 5,857 328 39I92I 966 283 37I922 324 I64 2i1923 279 46 401924 3,897 37 25

VII. MISCELLANEOUS(In metric tons).

Cotton RubberIMPORTS.

i920 -- O.I192I 31I922 -- 0.41923 27i924 i72

EXPORTS.2

1920 452 12192I 415 0.061922 7291923 I,I73 61924 1,497 7

I Indiarubber and guttapercha, raw.2 Indiarubber and substitutes, raw.

Sources.Communication from the Government, May iith, 1924.Notes on the Land Forces of British Dominions, Colonies and Pro-

tectorates.Jane's Fighting Ships, I925.The Closed Accounts for the Financial Years 1921-22 and 1922-23.The Estimates of Revenue and Expenditure for the Financial

Years 1923-24 and I924-25, submitted to Parliament.Department of Mines and Industries. Annual Reports of the Secretary

for Mines and Industries and the Government Mining Engineer. Pretoria,1922 and 1923.

Publications of Imperial Mineral Resources Bureau, London.Annual Statement of the Trade and Shipping of the Union of South

Africa, I920 to 1924.International Year-Book of Agricultural Statistics, Rome, 1925.Year-Book of Union of South Africa.

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