Britain’s settlement by Anglo-Saxons & Scots — Year 5 and 6 (Oak Class)

What should I already know?

The earliest people that lived in Britain made weapons from stones, bronze and iron.

Archaeologists found out about the past by looking at artefacts.

Romans invaded and settled in Britain bringing towns, roads and con-struction.

Key Vocabulary

Angles People from Germany who invaded Britain around 410 A.D. (tribes

from modern-day Denmark)

Anglo-Saxon The name given to people who travelled from Germany and South

Denmark and settled in Britain

Christianity A religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ

Jutes People from the Jutland peninsula (Germany and South Denmark)

migration Movement from one place to another in order to settle there

missionary A person from a religion sent to spread the faith

Pagan A religion that involves worshipping many gods and goddesses

Picts Ancient tribes who lived in northern Scotland

runes Alphabet consisting of between 26-33 letters used to write Old Eng-

lish

Romans The Romans invaded and settle din Britain for over 400 years

starting with their first successful raid in 54 BC

settler People who migrate to a new place. When people start a communi-

ty, this is a settlement

Saxons German-Dutch tribes who settled in Britain from around 45o AD

Scots People from Ireland, who like the Picts, were fierce and powerful

fighters

Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms (600 AD)

The chief of the village lived in a larger house in the centre of the village. This house might also contain a meeting hall.

Fields for growing crops were ploughed over to prepare them for planting. Oxen would pull a basic plough which was

The Anglo-Saxons positioned their villages near a water source, such as a river or lake, which would provide drinking water and fish to eat.

Some buildings were reserved for specific purposes, such as a space for performing a craft like weaving or as storage units.

Livestock was kept in the village. Children would often be responsible for looking out for wolves, which were wild in Britain during the Anglo-Saxon times.

Family groups lived in smaller village houses.

Pots made from clay were fired (dried out and hardened) on a large open fire.

The Anglo-Saxons believed in lots of different gods

who they believed represented and were responsible

for different things. The people prayed to the gods in

hope they would offer protection and provide them

with the things they needed.

Woden—God of battle and

war

Eostre—Goddess of

rebirth

Frige—Goddess of the household &

childbirth

Tiw — another God of war

Big question: How did the Anglo Saxons shape Britain?

Key Texts Key websites

200 AD 410AD 556AD 597AD 617 AD 779 AD 787 AD 410 — 550 AD (The Dark Ages)

Picts invaded

Ireland

Last of the

Romans left

Britain leaving

it unguarded.

Gaelic speak-

ing Scotti in-

vaded (from

Ireland) de-

scended from

Picts invaded

and claimed

land in Scot-

land

British King

Vortigen asks

his brothers to

come from

Denmark &

help to keep

Picts & Scots

out

Hengest and

Horsa settle in

Britain (Kent)

forcing British

out

Other German-

ic tribes invad-

ed. Biggest

were ‘Angles’

and ‘Saxons’

Anglo-Saxons

Seven King-

doms created

across Britain

St Augustine

brings Christi-

anity to Britain

from Rome

and becomes

Archbishop of

Canterbury

Northumbria

becomes the

supreme king-

dom

Mercia be-

comes the su-

preme king-

dom and King

Offa builds a

dyke along the

Welsh border

to protect

Mercia from

Welsh raids.

Britain experi-

ences it’s first

Viking raid.

A new invader!

Where did the Anglo-Saxons come from?

The Romans left Britain in 410AD due to

fierce tribes attacking Italy and every sol-

dier was needed back at home to defend

the country. Without an army of its own, it

left the country vulnerable to attackers. The

Anglo-Saxons came from Denmark, Nether-

lands and northern Germany across the

North Sea in wooden boats. They con-

quered England but failed to conquer

Scotland, Wales and Cornwall (an area of

south-west England).

A monk from the island of Iona—Aiden was asked by King Oswald (of Northum-bria) to teach his people about Christi-anity. He founded a monastery on the island of Lindisfarne. (610 AD)

A Roman monk—Augustine, was sent by the Pope to tell the Anglo-Saxons abut Christianity. He founded Canterbury Cathedral. (597 AD)

An Irish monk— Columba, intro-duced Christianity to Scotland. He founded a monastery on the island of Iona. (550 AD)

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zxsbcdm/articles/zq2m6sg

http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/saxons/when.htm

https://www.history.org.uk/primary/resource/3865/anglo-saxons-a-brief-history

https://www.dkfindout.com/uk/history/anglo-saxons/

https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/members-area/kids/anglo-saxon-england/anglo-saxon-interview/

Conversion to Christianity