‘Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India’

Sub scheme of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojanasupplementing crop husbandry programs in

Eastern Indian States

Status of BGREI Implementation in Preparatory meeting of 26th July 2012

Objective• Increased and assured supply of rice production to

meet the growing demand– Reduce climate change related risks by widening

production base and fast tracking development of high potential production area

• Remove regional imbalance in production– Self sufficiency in major consuming areas– Economies of logistics

• Preserve natural resources– Sustainable production in appropriate agro ecologies

Potential of Eastern Region

The region is endowed with climatic conditions

particularly congenial temperature regime suitable for

year round cropping

Vast unexploited agricultural potential

increasing cropping intensity

Increasing crop productivity

The region witnesses high annual rainfall and is rich in

utilizable surface and ground-water resources

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Net annual ground water availability Annual ground water draft for irrigation

Grou

nd w

ater

in

109

m3

Over Exploited

Average Under Developed

Ground Water Availability and Utilization

Land use

Sl. No. State Geographic

al AreaNet Sown

AreaGross

Cropped Area

Cropping Intensity

(%)

% Irrigated

Area over net

sown

Size of holding(in ha)

1 Assam 7844 2811 4099 145.9 7.0 1.11

2 Bihar 9416 5332 7491 140.5 63.7 0.43

3 Chhattisgarh 13519 4683 5561 118.7 20.8 1.51

4 Jharkhand 7972 1250 1399 111.9 8.1 NA

5 Odisha 15571 5574 9107 163.4 39.1 1.15

6 Uttar Pradesh 24093 16589 240764 149.3 81.1 0.80

7 West Bengal 8875 5256 9530 181.3 59.2 0.79

8 Punjab 5036 4158 7875 189.4 98.0 3.95

9 Haryana 4421 3550 6351 178.9 86.4 2.23

All India 328726 140022 192197 137.3 47.2 1.23

Area in ‘000 hectares

The productivity levels of rice and rice-based cropping systems are about the lowest in the region when compared with that in other states

Rice Yields in 2011-12

Rice Area affected by different stresses in eastern India (lakh ha)

 States

  Flash Flood

prone

 Drought Prone

Salinity/Sodicity

Coastal Inland

Assam 8.0 2 Nil Nil

Bihar 11.0 10 Nil 1.5

Jharkhand Nil 8.2 Nil Nil

Chhattisgrah Nil 27.3 Nil Nil

Orissa 11.6 12.6 1.5 Nil

U.P 9.3 13.1 Nil 6

West Bengal 10.3 14.6 4.4 NilTotal Region 50.2 87.8 5.9 7.5

Total Rice 74 138.2 9.6 20.4

2/3rd 2/3rd 2/3rd 1/3rd

Rainfed rice production is low and unstable mainly due to abiotic stresses

Strategy

• Promote stress tolerant varieties– Submergence tolerant

• Swarna-Sub1 : Assam, UP, Bihar, WB, Orissa• Samba Mahsuri-Sub1 : UP, • IR 64-Sub1 : UP, Orissa, WB

– Drought tolerant • Sahbhagi dhan : UP, Bihar, Orissa, Jharkhand and Chhatisgarh

– Salinity tolerant• CSR-36 : UP & Bihar

• Promote recommended package of practices suitable for different rice ecologies– Upland rice– Rainfed Low land rice– Rainfed Deep water rice– Irrigated rice

Recommendations

Lower Gangetic Plains Region(WB other than Purulia and hill districts)

• Submergence tolerant varieties of Rice need to be promoted

• Scope for utilizing kharif rice fallows for cultivation of rabi pulses and oilseeds

• Reduce upland rice areas with more suitable crops like pulses and oilseeds

• Development of on-farm irrigation resources especially efficient use of ground water(except Arsenic Prone areas)

Middle Gangetic Plains Region (Eastern U.P. and Bihar)

• Increasing the fertilizer use• Use Leaf colour charts for Nitrogen

and promote PSB• Taking care of widespread

deficiency of zinc and boron.

• Promotion of short to medium duration high yielding varieties and hybrids of rice and maize

• Promotion of maize cultivation especially in Rabi

• Promotion of early maturing varieties of sugarcane

• Development of on-farm irrigation resources especially efficient use of ground water

Flood/ water logging, poor drainage, Salinity/alkalinity, Arsenic contamination

Recommendations

Eastern Plateau & Hills Region (Parts of Orissa, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh)

• Promote rainwater harvesting and storage for increasing crop productivity

• Promotion of medium duration High yielding varieties/hybrids of rice

• Improvement in seed supply so as to increase the SRR

• Improvement in productivity of crops in acidic soils through soil treatment with liming materials available in the region

East Coast Plains & Hills (Part of Orissa)

• High yielding varieties for water logged areas and upland areas needs to be propagated

• Discouraging the cultivation of rice in marginal lands and diversifying in favour of oilseeds and pulses

• Utilization of rice fallows for increasing the crop area under pulses and oilseeds

• Rice-fish culture

• Improving soil drainage

Moisture stress, drought and Soil acidity, Iron toxicity

Salinity, Water management, Poor nutritional status of soil, saline lands

Program

2010-11State

Broad outline of components (Numbers)

C PT WH WU SM W. B. 2 2 4 2 3

Odisha 5 14 0 1 1Chhattisgarh 4 7 2 1 0

Bihar 5 8 0 0 1U. P. 4 6 0 2 0

Assam 3 4 0 0 1JH 2 3 2 0 1

Total 6 44 8 6 7

2011-12• Technology promotion in compact

blocks of 1000 hectares – 391– Rice ecology specific technologies

• Emphasis on line sowing/transplantation, land preparation

– Hybrid rice promotion– Promotion of resource conservation

technologies for wheat crop– Involvement of Progressive farmers

• Asset building– Water source development

• Shallow tube wells – 29,500• Borewells and dugwells – 9,000

– Water pump sets – 4,200– Zero till seed drills – 2,000

• Site specific local needs - 18 % of funds

Crops included rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane, oilseeds & pulses.C: Number of crops; PT: Production Technology; WH: Water Harvesting; WU: Water Utilization; SM: Stress Management/Soil amelioration.

Program for 2012-13Component Physical Targets

Block DemonstrationsDemonstrations on Rice-1000 ha each (Nos.) 598.6

Demonstrations on Wheat-1000 ha each (Nos.) 112.5Asset Building

Shallow Tube Wells (Nos.) 55266Pump sets (Nos.) 92357

Dug wells/Bore wells (Nos.) 2130Zero Till seed Drills (Nos.) 2267

Check Dams 260Site Specific Activities

Rice Demonstrations on SRI Technology (Nos.) 28Construction of Minor Irrigation Tanks (Nos) 92

New LBCD for 175 set of BPCD of 2011-12 (Set) 8Farm cum Fish Ponds in sub-merged low land (Nos.) 1000

Creation of Community Irrigation Projects (Nos.) 684Check Dam/Diversion Weir Irrigation Projects (Nos.) 10

Irrigation (Water Conveyance) PVC of High Density Polythene Pipe (Nos.) 23766Drum seeders/Markers (Nos.) 525

Handholding of last year’s demonstrations (Nos.) 27000Institutional Support for Establishment of Krishi Utpadan Kendra (Nos.) 240

Gypsum Application (Ha) 4500Demonstrations on Line Sowing (Ha 72672

Steps initiated by GoI

Funds

Rs in crores

State 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 TotalWest Bengal 102.37 72.2 269 443.57Odisha 79.67 62.62 217.25 359.54Chhattisgarh 67.15 55.21 131.5 253.86Uttar Pradesh (Eastern) 57.27 85.66 105.5 248.43Bihar 63.94 55.33 119.25 238.52Assam 17.5 33.32 95.5 146.32Jharkhand 12.1 31.68 59 102.78Total states 400 396.02 997 1793M&E 0 3.98 3 6.98G. Total 400 400 1000 1800

Rice Production

In lakh tonnes

Technical Backstopping• CRRI, Cuttack assigned the Nodal responsibility of

monitoring.– Nomination of Scientist for each BGREI States by CRRI.

• Out of 125 districts, 25 districts of Assam(4), Bihar(1), Chhattisgarh(6), Jharkhand (3) and Odisha (11) were covered by CRRI during 2011-12. – Response from other associated institutions was weak

during the year. • Organised awareness meetings and State level

workshops – planning, monitoring, documentation, technical support

in implementation and in organizing crop cutting experiments etc.

Key feed backs

• Noteworthy initiatives;• Bihar and Jharkhand promoted SRI with rice hybrids

• Involvement of NGOs for Line transplantation- Odisha and UP

• Drum seeders/seed drills in Chhattisgarh and UP

• Shallow tube well linked promotion of Boro Rice season in Assam

• Increase in adoption of hybrid rice and sub-mergence/drought tolerant varieties;

• Increased demand for farm machinery- self propelled reaper/combine harvester etc.

• Demand for marketing, processing and procurement support

Impact Evaluation• To assess the efficacy of the programme implemented up to March 2012,

impact evaluation study assigned to Agriculture Economic Research Centres (AERCs) of BGREI States

• Consolidated report is expected by end November, 2012. – The report received in respect of Chhattisgarh, Odisha and West Bengal

reveals.• Comprehensive input package with cluster demonstration resulted

significant increase in productivity of rice, – which narrowed down the yield gap from 31.81% to 12.67% in Chhattisgarh

and from 24.71% to 19.12% in West Bengal– Perceived by farmers as one of the best programme in terms of adequacy of

input package and technology dissemination– Progressive farmers were found most viable links between extension

machinery and beneficiary farmers.• Problem of marketing and low market price still persists across States

Lessons Learnt for Improvement• Involve State Agriculture University/KVKs

– Identifying yield gaps and planning key interventions• Crop monitoring through the crop cycle

– Document the field observations and analyse the results on what worked and what didn’t

• Ensure field presence– Converge staff across domains, supplement by NGOs

• Deliver technology and not cash– Fill gaps in farmers’ practice– Launch specific campaigns on key interventions

• Integrated services to farmers– Coordinate with marketing, finance, power, water and revenue

departments through out the crop cycle

Sum up

• Eastern India Initiative has returned spectacular results in 2011-12 with sharp increase in crop productivity

• Gap identification by involvement of scientists would help to better address the constraints

• Committee of Chief Ministers would provide a forum for coordination across departments

Thank you !