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vHmw>ymzsgtzk. vgpJ;yxhbX. 2019 eH. ysHRpd;cHvXtpXR,HR ysHRpd;cHvXtpXR,HR vD >u0D RursX>zJ uD >y,D Rrk >xD .uvH RxH ;wz.tw>xH .w>ymo;vX w>rk mw>ck .< w>wD w>-w> ‘D;w>oh[H;rl’g tzDcd. ySRvD>u0DRzdvXttd.vX uD>y,DRuvkm’l.qH;td.qd; vD>wz. wl>b.’H;0Jw>uDw>cJvX tydmxGJxD.tcHcDzsd w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,m vXtylRuGHmwz.tCdM.vDRI w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zDcGJ;,mwz.tHR y.Ckm0J’.’D;w>rR y,GJvXtuJxD.to;vX w>’k;tqXuwD>’D; w>uG>qX. rJmb.w>uDw>cJ cDzsdw>rRtgxD.ok;tw>[l;w>*JR’D; rk>usdR0JRuGm tw>rR[;*DRwz.M.vDRI ‘fM.tod; pku0JR w>b.*Hm*lm vXtuJxD.’H;to;rh>*hR< w>wDw>-w>oEl vXtvJRoCJRvdmo;rh>*hR< xH&l>uD>oJ;w>rk>v>uG>pdpSR0J rh>*hR wu;’H;b. xHvD>uD>ylRw>’k;w>,m ‘D;w>rRy,GJ ySR[D.cd.zdcJG;,mwz.uJxD.’H;to; vXxHuD>tylR ‘fvk>v>xloEltod; ‘D;vXtuh>*DRvDRqDvdmo;t*Rwz. td.’H;0J’.M.vDRI vXw>M.tCd w>*kmusJ;pX;bSg&SJ0J w>rRy,GJwz.tHR’D; w>rRuJxD.vd.xD.tDRM. ,HmeD>’H;0JM.vDRI unD’DuvkmpXzSd.u&X (KNU) ‘D; uD>y,DRy’d.wz. qJ;vDR0Jw>ywkmw>c;y}wDRtvHmCH;Cm zJ 2012 eH.0HR tvD>cH w>vJRxD.vJRxDvX w>xH.tDRzsdzsdzsgzsgwz. td.xD.0Jb.q. vD>u0DRzdvXttd.qd;vX uD>y,DRrk> xD.uvHRxH;wz.wl>b.’H;0J w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,m tgtg*D>*D>M.vDRI pku0JRw>b.*Hm*lmpSRvDR0J’ftHR uJxD. w>‘gvDRM>0JusJvX w>rRy,GJtuh>t*DRt*R ‘ftrh> w>[H ;M>ql .[D .cd .uyH m< wu;’H ;b. ‘k ;uJ xD .w>td .o; vXte;’d.xD. vXo0DzdweDRt*D>M.vDRI ursX>ySRw0XvX twl>b.w>wz. uG>qX.rJmb.0J’D;pku0JRw>b.*Hm*lmvX teH.vXtqHtw>ydmxGJxD.tcH< uvkm’l.w>uG>wvDR’D; ‘d;M>b.eD>o;tw>b.’db.xH;vX t’d.trk>wz.M.vDRI vHmymzsgtvXtyJSRM. w>&RvDRtDRvXtJuvH;usdm’D;y,DRusdm M.vDRI vHmymzsgvXusdmoXrHRvXRtHR w>[H;M>tDRohvX unD*h>0D cGJ;,mu%l> w>upD.oMzJ www.khrg.org tylRoh0JM.vDRI

Briefer Beyond the Horizon - Karen · w>*DRtHR b.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgrhR 2006 eH. zJvl>oDuD>q.< rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHRymzsg0J rk.urJw*R ‘D;tzdvHG>*RvX

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Page 1: Briefer Beyond the Horizon - Karen · w>*DRtHR b.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgrhR 2006 eH. zJvl>oDuD>q.< rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHRymzsg0J rk.urJw*R ‘D;tzdvHG>*RvX

vHmw>ymzsgtzk.

vgpJ;yxhbX. 2019 eH.

ysHRpd;cHvXtpXR,HRysHRpd;cHvXtpXR,HRvD>u0DRursX>zJuD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;wz.tw>xH.w>ymo;vX w>rkmw>ck.< w>wDw>-w> ‘D;w>oh[H;rl’g tzDcd.

ySRvD>u0DRzdvXttd.vX uD>y,DRuvkm’l.qH;td.qd; vD>wz. wl>b.’H;0Jw>uDw>cJvX tydmxGJxD.tcHcDzsd w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,m vXtylRuGHmwz.tCdM.vDRI w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zDcGJ;,mwz.tHR y.Ckm0J’.’D;w>rR y,GJvXtuJxD.to;vX w>’k;tqXuwD>’D; w>uG>qX.rJmb.w>uDw>cJ cDzsdw>rRtgxD.ok;tw>[l;w>*JR’D; rk>usdR0JRuGm tw>rR[;*DRwz.M.vDRI ‘fM.tod; pku0JR w>b.*Hm*lm vXtuJxD.’H;to;rh>*hR< w>wDw>-w>oEl vXtvJRoCJRvdmo;rh>*hR< xH&l>uD>oJ;w>rk>v>uG>pdpSR0J rh>*hR wu;’H;b. xHvD>uD>ylRw>’k;w>,m ‘D;w>rRy,GJ ySR[D.cd.zdcJ G;,mwz.uJxD.’H;to; vXxHuD>tylR ‘fvk>v>xloEltod; ‘D;vXtuh>*DRvDRqDvdmo;t*Rwz. td.’H;0J’.M.vDRI vXw>M.tCd w>*kmusJ;pX;bSg&SJ0J w>rRy,G Jwz.tHR’ D; w>rRuJxD.vd.xD.tDRM. ,HmeD>’H;0JM.vDRI

unD’DuvkmpXzSd.u&X (KNU) ‘D; uD>y,DRy’d.wz. qJ;vDR0Jw>ywkmw>c;y}wDRtvHmCH;Cm zJ 2012 eH.0HR tvD>cH w>vJRxD.vJRxDvX w>xH.tDRzsdzsdzsgzsgwz.td.xD.0Jb.q. vD>u0DRzdvXttd.qd;vX uD>y,DRrk> xD.uvHRxH;wz.wl>b.’H;0J w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,m tgtg*D>*D>M.vDRI pku0JRw>b.*Hm*lmpSRvDR0J’ftHR uJxD.w>‘gvDRM>0JusJvX w>rRy,GJtuh>t*DRt*R ‘ftrh> w>[H;M>ql.[D.cd.uyHm< wu;’H;b. ‘k;uJxD.w>td.o; vXte;’d.xD. vXo0DzdweDRt*D>M.vDRI ursX>ySRw0XvX twl>b.w>wz. uG>qX.rJmb.0J’D;pku0JRw>b.*Hm*lmvX teH.vXtqHtw>ydmxGJxD.tcH< uvkm’l.w>uG>wvDR’D; ‘d;M>b.eD>o;tw>b.’db.xH;vX t’d.trk>wz.M.vDRI

vHmymzsgtvXtyJSRM. w>&RvDRtDRvXtJuvH;usdm’D;y,DRusdm M.vDRI vHmymzsgvXusdmoXrHRvXRtHR w>[H;M>tDRohvX unD*h>0D cGJ;,mu%l> w>upD.oMzJ www.khrg.org tylRoh0JM.vDRI

Page 2: Briefer Beyond the Horizon - Karen · w>*DRtHR b.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgrhR 2006 eH. zJvl>oDuD>q.< rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHRymzsg0J rk.urJw*R ‘D;tzdvHG>*RvX

w>*DRtHR b.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgrhR 2006 eH. zJvl>oDuD>q.< rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHRymzsg0J rk.urJw*R ‘D;tzdvHG>*RvX w>Ch>td.urSHtvD>wwDRM.vDRI ydmrk.tHRt0RM. y,DRok;wz. c;oHuGHmtDR zJ2006 eH.tcgM.vDRI (w>*DR= KHRG)

zJ 2015 eH. w>qJ;vDR0J xHuD>’Dbh.w>ywkmw>c;tvHmCH;Cm (NCA) M. ‘k;td.xD.0J w>qDwvJt*hRweDRM.vDRI ‘fw>rRw>rkmw>ck.tusdRtusJtHR td.uwmxDto; vXqXuwD>cJtHRtod; w>ubSg&SJ0Jw>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zd cGJ;,mvXtylRuGHm vXtrh>w>pH.pdRttXwz. ‘D;w>rRy,GJvXuuJxD.o;toDwz. vXuD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;tylR wkRtywD>qH;tgvJ.M. w>woh.ngtDRzsdzsdzsgzsg’H;b.M.vDRI eD>eD>wcD< w>rRy,GJvXtylRuGHm tw>ydmxGJxD.tcH oh.wz. rRb.’d’H;’.vD>u0DRzdwz.tw>td.rlud;eHR’J; ‘D;wu;’H;b. w>rRy,GJtuh>*DRvXtoDwz.ph>uD; rRb.’d vD>u0DRzdwz. tw>vk>tD.o;orl trk>usdR0JRuGm‘d.r;M.vDRI vXw>M.tCd ySRvXtwl>b.w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zd cGJ;,mwz. u’d;M>b.w>wDw>-w>’D;phtD.vd; vXtrRb.vdmb.p;uhRt0Joh.tw>td.rlM. rh>w>vXt&h‘d.‘d.r;M.vDRI w>b.,d.b.bSDwz. b.w>bSg&SJtDRwkRvDRwDRvDRtd.wtd.M. xJ’.ySRursX>vXtwl>b.w>wz.qXwJm0JohM.vDRI

vHmw>upD.wbh.tHR ymzsgxD.w>xH.b.C;’D; w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,mtuh>t*DRvXtylRuGHmwz.’D; w>rRy,GJ tuh>t*DRvX tqDwvJxD.to;wz. vXuD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;tylR Ckm’D;w>’d;M>w>wDw>-w> ‘D;w>bSDb.rR*hRxD.uhR w>rRb.’dySR[D.cd.zdcJG;,mwz.tHRt*D>M.vDRI ‘fod;w>ue>yX> w>qDwvJwz.tHRt*D> unD*h>0DcGJ;,m u&l> (KHRG) ynd.’D; oHuG>oH’d;o0Dzdwz. b.C;’D;t0Joh.tw>td.rl w>td.o;vXw>rR NCA zJ2015 eH. 0HRtvD>cHM.vDRI ‘fvJ.*hR’fvJ.*hR p;xD.vXw>rRywkmw>c; zJ 2012 eH.0HRvHRvHRM. w>-uX;e>yX>tDRvX ok;tw>[l; w>*JR ‘D;w>rRy,GJ ySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,mwz.tHR qDwvJo;tgr;M.vDRI vHmw>upD.wbhh.tHR ynd.’k;b.xGJ0J w>tX.vDRb.o; cHbsDvXm’DwuwD>ng’fod;w>uqdurd.xHtDR< rh>vXo0Dzdwz.xH.vX w>rRw>ywkmw>c; cHuwD>vXmtHR rh>w>wrHRCDvXtrR’H;to; wkRrk>rqgweHRtHRM.vDRI

2

Page 3: Briefer Beyond the Horizon - Karen · w>*DRtHR b.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgrhR 2006 eH. zJvl>oDuD>q.< rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHRymzsg0J rk.urJw*R ‘D;tzdvHG>*RvX

tqX’d. 1 = w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,mvX w>wcsK;rR’H;w>ywkmw>c; = w>[h.ogttXvX tqX’d. 1 = w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,mvX w>wcsK;rR’H;w>ywkmw>c; = w>[h.ogttXvX w>wl>b.tDRwkRrk>rqgweHRtHRw>wl>b.tDRwkRrk>rqgweHRtHR

vHmtqX’d. 1 uGJ;zsgxD. b.C;uD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;tylR w>rRy,GJ‘D;rRb.’dySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,mvXtuJxD.to; vXtylRuGHmwz. zJw>wrRw>ywkmw>c;’H;b.tcgM.vDRI w>tHRu’k;oh.ngySRb.C;’D; w>vXursX>wz.b.uG>qX.rJmb.0J wcsK;’H;vX 2012 eH. ‘D;ynd.ymzsg0J vDRqD’.w>b.C; w>ok;ql.vD>usJ’D; w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,m tw>b.’db.xH;vXtydmxGJxD.tcHwz.M.vDRI ‘fod;w>ue>yX>0J ursX>vXttd.vXuD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;wz. tw>xH.< w>uDw>cJvXtuG>qX.rJmb.0JzJ w>rkmw>ck.tuwD> ‘D;w>rd.M>o;vDw>wDw>-w>vX ySRwl>b.w>wz.tusgt*D> t&h’d.vXw>ue>yX>0J w>pH.pdRwJpdR’D; w>[h.ogvXttXwz.tHRM.vDRI

tqXzd (u) = w>uG>u’guhRtqXzd (u) = w>uG>u’guhR tHRymzsgxD.y,DRok; tw>[JEkm’k;xD’gunDo0Dzdwz.vX tusdRtusJvDRwH> vDRqJ;tylR ‘D;qD.wH>rReXR’k;uJxD.ursX>vXttd.vXw>’k;uJxD.o;[D.u0DRwz.ql w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zd cGJ;,mtgtg*D>*D> ‘fw>tug’d.wrHRM.vDRI w>rRy,GJwz.tHRy.Ckm’D; w>rRoHrR0D< w>rRqgy,GJ< w>rRvXtw vDR*mySRulySRunD rhwrh> w>rRvXtvRuyDRwtd.< w>ol0Jrk.AcGg w>rRw&DwygxD’gydmrk. ‘fw>’k;tpku0JR wrHR‘D; ‘fw>rR[;*DRw>pkvD>cD.cd.wrHRtod;M.vDRI y,DR ok;pl;ugySRursX>wz. ‘fySRrRw>zdvXw>w[h.tDRtbl; tvJ< w>oltDRvXok;*h>0Dw>ynd.t*D>< qD.wH>rReXR ySRwl>b.w>wz.vXw>pkql.cD.wu; ‘D;w>rRysHRrRzk; vXuJxD.o;orl tw>vDRb.,d.‘.vJmM.vDRI y,DRok; wz.rRph>uD;0J w>*kmql.ysdql.w>< w>ChM>ql.w>‘D; rRo ud;w>’D;uD>y,DRy’d.tw>u&Xu&dwz.vX w>[H;M>ql.[D.cd.uyHmM.vDRI

w>*DRtHRymzsgxD.0J o0Dzdwz.vXb.w>c;oHtDRvX y,DRok;vXusJ zJzs;’h’D;o’g’X[D.u0DR< rk>-wD>uD>&h. zJ 2007 eH. vgr;&S; 21 oDteHRM.vDRI (w>*DR= KHRG)

?y,DRok;wtJ.y[;xD. wvXuGHmvXw>ymyeD.[D.u0DRtcsXb.I trXyrRM> vHmw>ysJ [;vXw>vJRw>uhRt*D> vDRI yrh>wymuJt0Joh.tw>od.w>oDM. w>zD.ySR’D;rRoHySRohvDRI […] t0Joh.rRoH0JySRo0DzdwbsK;*R vXtvJRrRtD.n.’D;CktD.w>’d;w>v. vXyS>ylRzJw>ymyeD.wvXtvD>tcgM.vDRI/

ydmcGgw*RvXtpH;qXw>oHuG>vXttd.vX rluD>q.< csX.vGH>xl.uD>&h.< yuduD>cDrk>xD.

tqXzd (c) = w>ok;ql.vD>usJ tqXzd (c) = w>ok;ql.vD>usJ tHRyJmxHeDRz;0J w>[JuJxD.o;’D; w>vXt[JydmxGJxD.tcHwz. vXw>ok;ql.vD>usJcDzsd w>obH.obk.tCdM.vDRI unDzd’D;ySRw0Xt*Rwz. b.ymwh>t’lo0D’D; Ch>rSH[;zsd;wbsD0HRwbsD cDzsdw>’k;uJ xD.o;vX ok;zD.pku0JRwz.tbX.pXRtCdM.vDRI vXw>t’dtwJmweDRtylR y,DRok;td.’D;w>ynd.vDRwH>vDRqJ; ‘D; ymyeD.Cm’lo0D‘D;rRysHRrRzk;o0Dzdwz.vXuok;vD>ok;usJM.vDRI ySRweDRCh>xD.uGHmrh>vXt0Joh.ysHRvX ub. w>ymyeD.tDRvX w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,mt*D> zJySRt*Rb.ymwh>t’lo0DcDzsd w>[H;M>ql.t[D.cd.uyHmtcgM.vDRI unD’Duvkmw>xl.zsJ;ok;rk>’d. (KNLA) ok;zdtbl;twH>wz. b.w>xH.yeD.ymtDRvXy,DRok;tCd t0Joh. b.uG>qX.rJm’D; w>td.o;vXw>ok;ql.vD>usJM.vDRI ySRvXw>ok;ql.tvD>tusJwz. b.ymwh>uGHmtw>ol.w>zs; tvD>wz.tCd t0Joh.uG>qX.rJmb.’D; w>vk>tD.eD>cdo;orltw>*h>uD’D; w>tD.wulwvX y.Ckmph>uD;’D; ySRvD>td.urSHwz. ‘D; ySRb.uDb.cJvX’Ju0DRylRwz.M.vDRI t0Joh.b.uG>qX.rJmb.0J’D; w>td.ql.td.cVtw>uDw>cJ‘D; tgwuh> rh>vXw>td.w>qd; w>td.o;vXtzSD.t,m’D; w>’d;M>b.ql.cVw>qD.xGJrRpXRwvXySJRtCdM.vDRI

3ysHRpd;cHvXtpXR,HR

Page 4: Briefer Beyond the Horizon - Karen · w>*DRtHR b.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgrhR 2006 eH. zJvl>oDuD>q.< rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHRymzsg0J rk.urJw*R ‘D;tzdvHG>*RvX

w>*DRwbh.tHRb.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgtDul; 3 oD< 2006 eH. zJvl>oDuD>q.< rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHR’k;eJ.0J zdo.vXtb.w>ok;ql.tvD>tusJwz. rRvdM>w>vX w>ymtd.u’kye>tvD>M.vDRI (w>*DR= KHRG)

tqXzd (*) = w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,m tw>b.’db.xH;wz.tqXzd (*) = w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,m tw>b.’db.xH;wz. tHRuG>u’guhRw>b.’db.xH;vXtuwD>zk.‘D; uwD>,HmvXttd.xD.cDzsd w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,m’D; w>vk>tD.o;orl< w>td.ql.td.cV‘D; w>ul.b.ul.ohtw> *h>uDwz.tCdM.vDRI

w>*h>tug’d.vXw>CkxH.oh.ngtDRwz.

• cdcd.ursX>vX ttd.vXuD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;wz. ‘d;oMRxD.to;vX pHmySJRw>ol.w>zs; rhwrh> w>rRvX weHR*D>weHR*D>’D; cDzsdw>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,mtXtXoDoDtCd [H.cd.oHo’.uGHm rhwrh> tw>vDRr>wpd>wvD> ’.vJmtHR ‘k;uJxD.w>vk>tD.o;orltw>uDw>cJt,HmxXz;’d.vX[H.zdCDzdt*D>oh0J’.M.vDRI

• y,DRok;tw>[H;M>ql. rhwrh>rR[;*DRuGHmo0Dzdt[D.cd.uyHmvD>usJ ‘D;q.zduD>zdwz.M. }wDCmo0Dzdwz. ‘fod;urRw>vXweHR*D>weHR*D>vXw>obVtylR ‘D;u’d;M>b.w>td.ql.td.cV tw>[h.rRpXRt*D>M.vDRI vXw>M.tCd w>tHR’k;uJxD.0Jw>ysHRw>zk;vX vD>u0DRzdwz.tw>qXxX.*X>usXRb.C;rk>usdR0JRuGmwuyR M.vDRI

• vD>u0DRzdvXttd.rlwh>vXtb.w>oHuG>oH’d;tDRvX unD*h>0DcGJ;,mu&l> (KHRG) wz. wl>b.’H;eD>cdtw>td.ql.td.cVw>*h>uDvXt,HmtxX’D; eD>o;tw>b.’db.xH;oh.wz.M.vDRI

• w>’k;w>,R< w>EkmvDR’k;’lo0Dwz.< w>vk>tD.o;orlw>uDw>cJ’D; w>ok;ql.vD>usJwz. rRb.’d0JunD o;p>wz.tw>’d;M>b.w>ul.b.ul.ohtcGJ;t,m ‘D;zd’Hzdo.tg*Rb.[;xD.uGHmuFdM.vDRI [H.zdCDzdweDR vXt[H.cd.oHo’.uGHmt0Joh. wcsK;vX 2012 eH.oh.wz. qD.xGJrRpXRuhRtzdtvHRtw>ul.b.ul.oh wM>wohvXRb.M.vDRI

4

Page 5: Briefer Beyond the Horizon - Karen · w>*DRtHR b.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgrhR 2006 eH. zJvl>oDuD>q.< rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHRymzsg0J rk.urJw*R ‘D;tzdvHG>*RvX

w>*DRtHRb.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgtDul; 4 oD<2006 eH. zJvl>oDuD>q.< rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI ydmrk.tHRtd.zsJ.xD.tzdvXyS>ylR zJt0J Ch>rSH[;zsd;tcgM.vDRI t0JrRM>0Jw>u[ku,mvX ysDylRuoH.o&.w*Rttd.M.vDRI (w>*DR= KHRG)

tqX’d. 2 = w>qJ;vDRxHuD>’Dbh.w>ywkmw>c;vHmCH;Cm0HR w>td.o;vX uD>y,DRrk>xD.tqX’d. 2 = w>qJ;vDRxHuD>’Dbh.w>ywkmw>c;vHmCH;Cm0HR w>td.o;vX uD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;tylR uvHRxH;tylR

vHmtqX’d. 2 rRuG>0J o0Dzdwz.tw>b.bsD;b.’g td.’D;w>rkmw>ck.tusJvXqXuwD>cJtHR< w>wl>b. b.C; w>ywkmw>c;tHR b.’dt0Joh.tw>td.rl’fvJ. ‘D;t0Joh.xH.pdympXRw>vXcgqlngrEkRvJ.wz.M.vDRI vHmtqX’d.tHRorHord;0J rh>w>rRy,GJvXtylRuGHmwz.vDRpSRtd.wtd. ‘D;vD>u0DRzdwz. vJRcDzsduG>qX.rJmb. w>rRysHRrRzk;

tuh>*DRtoDvX qXuwD>cJtHRoh.wz.M.vDRI

tqXzd (u) = w>td.rlvX w>qJ;vDRxHuD>’Dbh.w>ywkmw>c;tvHmCH;Cm0HRtvD>cHtqXzd (u) = w>td.rlvX w>qJ;vDRxHuD>’Dbh.w>ywkmw>c;tvHmCH;Cm0HRtvD>cH tHRyJmxHeDRz;w>td.o;vX uD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;tylR’D; usX>wH>uhR0JvX w>td.o;*hR’d.xD.zJw>rRw>rkmw>ck.tqXuwD>M.vDRI w>uDw>cJ td.wh>weDRb.q. w>[l;w>*JRtw>obV[JtgxD.0J ‘D;[h.ph>uD;ursX>weDRtcGJ;vX uqJ;rRu’D;w>vk>tD.eD>cd o;orltw>[l;w>*JRwz.M.vDRI ‘fvJ.*hR’fvJ.*hR ySRw0Xtd.’H;weDRvX tuG>qX.rJmb.’D; w>uDw>cJcDzsdw>ok;ql.vD>usJtCd ‘D;[D.cd.vD> rhwrh>w>zH;w>rRtcGJ;t,mwtd.tCdM.vDRI

w>*h>tug’d.vXw>CkxH.oh.ngtDRwz.

• ySRpH;qXw>oHHuG>oH’d; vXw>vD>weDRymzsgxD.0Jql KHRG ttd.vX< ok;w>[l;w>*JRtgxD.tCd w>c;vdmo;vX ySRzD.pku0JRwz.tusgtd.xD.0J vDRqD’.w>vX rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM. w>Ch>rSH[;zsd;td.xD.b.q. t0Joh.wl>b.vXw>bH.w>bXtd.tgxD.M>’H;vXtylRuGHmM.vDRI

• vX[D.u0DRylR w>’d;M>b.w>td.ql.td.cVoeX.w>qD.xGJrRpXR’D; w>’d;M>b.w>ul.b.ul.ohtusJ*hRxD.0J b.q. w>*h>uDwz.td.’H;0Jtgr;M.vDRI

• KHRG uGJ;eD.uGJ;Cg0J w>rRy,GJtuh>t*DRtXoD’fvk>v>tod; ‘ftrh>w>rRoHrR0D< w>zD.ql.rRw&Dwyg’D; rk.cGgoGH.xHw>rRy,GJ< w>rRb.’dzdo.cGJ;,m< eD>cdtw>rRy,GJ< w>eDRz;w>t’l.tqXvXw>bl.w>bgtzDcd.< w>rXql.’D;w>Chql.Chpd;w>wz.M.vDRI

• ‘k;td.zsgxD.w>rRy,GJtuh>*DRvX tuJxD.o; vXty.Ckm’D; w>[H;M>ql.[D.cd.uyHmtgxD. ‘D;w>wymuJ0J unDcdcd.ursX>tw>cGJ;w>,mrh>vXw>cl.MqX.[D.vmw>xl;w>wDRoh.wz.tCdM.vDRI

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w>*DRwbh.tHRb.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgtD;uxdbX. 14 oD< 2015 eH.< vXvX>’d.0h>< vX>’d.uD>q.< csX.vGH>xl.uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DR tHRymzsg0J o0Dzdt*R 4000 bsJ.vXttd.vX rl< vX>’d.‘D;qDxH; uD>q.wz. ymzSd.rRoud;0Jw>o*X>qdtrl;wcsK;’H;vX w>uqJ; vDRxHuD>’Dbh.w>ywkmw>c;tvHmCH;CmteHRM.vDRI (w>*DR= ySRo0Dzd)

w>*DRwbh.tHRb.w>’dM>tDRzJ vg’HRpJbX.2017 eH.vX xDwxl.uD>q.< wDtluD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHR’k;eJ.0J y,DRok;todvh.wz.qSXtgxD.0J w>tD.w>tD’D;ok;zdoH.zdwz.ql csX.vm’D; uD>oh’Xok;uvXRwz.ttd.M.vDRI (w>*DR= KHRG)

6

Page 7: Briefer Beyond the Horizon - Karen · w>*DRtHR b.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgrhR 2006 eH. zJvl>oDuD>q.< rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHRymzsg0J rk.urJw*R ‘D;tzdvHG>*RvX

w>*DRwbh.tHRb.w>’dM>tDR zJ vgtDul; 15 oD 2016eH.< vX ‘D.z;cd.uD>q.< wDtluD>&h.M.vDRI w>*DRtHR ‘k;eJ.0J w>yeD.twX. vX vD>u0DRo0Dzdoh.wz.t[D.cd.zDcd.M.vDRI w>yeD.twX.tHR ok;cd.uFDRuFDRvGURvXtrh>uFdcd.vX y,DRok;b,h.eDRw>rRvdok; uvXRtuFdcd. qDvDR0J zJvgtDul; 10 oD zJ 2016 eH.teHRM.vDRI w>yeD.twX.pH;0JvX [D.cd.tHRrh>ok;w>c;vd[D.u0DRvH‘D; -wDCm vD>u0DRzdwz.vX u[JEkmvDR0JM.vDRI (w>*DR= KHRG)

w>*DRwbh.tHR b.w>’dM>tDR zJ vgr;&S; 21 oD< 2019 eH. vXCJ’X u&l>< vX>’d.uD>q.< csX.vGH>xl.uD>&h.M.vDRI w>*DRtHR ‘k;eJ.0J o0DzdvX CJ’Xu&l>wz. ymzsgxD.tw>b.o;xD’g0J y,DRok; tw>whxD.usJtw>wdmusJRM.vDRI (w>*DR= KHRG)

tqXzd (c) = vD>u0DRtw>xH.b.C; w>rkmw>ck.tw>vJRusJ tqXzd (c) = vD>u0DRtw>xH.b.C; w>rkmw>ck.tw>vJRusJ tHR ymzsgxD.0J o0Dzdtg’Htg*RvX KHRG oHuG>oH’d; tDRwz. tw>oh.ngcD.wCmb.C; NCA ‘D;w>rkmw>ck.tusdRtusJpSR0J’d.r;M.vDRI ySRtg*RymzsgxD. tw>rd.M> o;vDvXurRvdM>tgxD.w>’D; EkmvDRrRoud;w>’D; ySRrRw>qXwJmoh.wz. ‘fod;uymzsgxD.t0Joh. tw>[h.ul. wz. ‘D;urRpXR0J w>’d;M>w>rkmw>ck.vXt,lmuXt*D>M.vDRI

w>*h>tug’d.vXw>CkxH.oh.ngtDRwz.

• w>*h>weDR ‘k;pSRvDRw>emvX w>rkmw>ck.tusdRusJtzDcd. ‘D; [h.0Jw>wl>b.vX w>w[JpdmM>w>rkmw>ck.vXt,lmuXb.M.vDRI w>*h>y.Ckm0J’D; w>rRy,GJw>ywkmw>c;< w>rRvJ>xD. ok;tw>[l;w>*JRuU>uU>’D; w>’k;pJ;jyJ;vXtuJxD.to; KNLA ‘D; y,DRok; tbX.pXRvXw>vD>wbsK;wDRvX uD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;ylR ‘D;uD>y,DRok;tw>[H;M>ql.’D; w>ol0Jvk>v>xloEl[D.cd.wz.M.vDRI

• ursX>weDRymzsgxD.tw>b.,d.vX y,DRok;tHRol0Jw>rkmw>ck.tusdRusJ ‘fod;urRql.xD.usXRxD.tw> pdw>urDRvX[D.u0DRtylR ‘D;’fod;w>’k;uuJxD.’H;to;vX cgqlngt*D>M.vDRI

• ySRt*RweDRwJzsgph>uD;0JvX w>vXtrR[;*DR w>rkmw>ck.vXt,lmuXtHRrh>0J w>qDwvJxH&l>uD>oJ;oEl vXuD>y,DRylR,HmeD>0JtCd rRb.’duhRw>ol.xD. ‘H.rd.jch.pH.oEl ‘D;uD>pXzSd. (zJ.’&X.) y’d.tuh>t*DR tHRM.vDRI wu;’H;b. ySRweDRwl>b.vX w>bH.w>bXvXt0Joh.t*D>wtd. rh>vXy,DRok;qSXEkm0JvXuvJR qlng’D; ‘k;td.xD.ok;wzkCDtuh>t*DRtCdM.vDRI

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Page 9: Briefer Beyond the Horizon - Karen · w>*DRtHR b.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgrhR 2006 eH. zJvl>oDuD>q.< rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHRymzsg0J rk.urJw*R ‘D;tzdvHG>*RvX

tqX’d. 3= w>wDw>-w>vXuD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;tylRt*h>tusdRtqX’d. 3= w>wDw>-w>vXuD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;tylRt*h>tusdR

tqX’d. 3 ymzsgb.C; w>wDw>-w>tusdRtusJoElvXtzd;oJp;wz.t*h>vDRI w>yJmxHeDRz;tqduwX>wxH.M.rh>0J w>wRw>wz.vX ttd.xD.zJw>Ck’d;M>uhRw>wDw>-w> vXw>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,mwz. vXtuJxD.wh>to; wcsK;w>rR’H;vXw>rkmw>ck.w>vJRusJ tqXuwD>b.M.vDRI ‘D;vXcHwywD>M.< yJmxHeDRz;0Jw>vJRcDzsdtuvkmuvkm vXuD> y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;tylR b.xGJ’D;w>wDw>-w>tusJoEl vXtuJxD.o;zJw>ywkmw>c;0HRtvD>cHM.vDRI w>*h>w>usdRrd>yS>vX vHmwqX’d.tHRCk0Jtw>pH;qXM.rh>0J oJp;’D;w>pH.nD.yDwhoeX. vXuD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH; tylRwz.tHR [H;rl[H;’gvXw>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zDcGJ;,mvXtuJxD.o; zJw>rkmw>ck.w>vJRusJtqXuwD>M>wM> M.vDRI

tqXzd (1) = w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,mvXuJxD.o; wcsK;zJw>rRw>ywkmw>c;’H;b.wz.t*D> w>[H;M>rl’gwtd.tqXzd (1) = w>rRy,GJySR[D.cd.zdcGJ;,mvXuJxD.o; wcsK;zJw>rRw>ywkmw>c;’H;b.wz.t*D> w>[H;M>rl’gwtd.vXySJRvXySJR ‘f KHRG rRw>xH.vdmoHuG>tylRtod; ySRvXtrRy,GJwh>ySR[D.cd.zDcGJ;,mwcsK;’H;vXw>ywkmw>c;wz.M. tg’.wuh>w> ’k;ylRzsJ;tDRvXw>pH.nD.yDwhM.vDRI o0Dzdwz.wJzsgxD.0JvX zJt0Joh.*JRvdmrRM>w>wDw>-w>tqX uwD> w>}wDrRwHmwmtuvkmuvkmwz.rh>0J=

• w>ysHRb.ok;zD.pku0JRwz.tCd t0Joh.ymzsg xD.w>wl>b. b.C;w>rRb.’dySR[D.cd.zDcGJ;,m wz.t*h> wbl.b.I

• uD>y,DRy’d.tw>wDw>-w>tusJoElwz. wtd. ’D; w>pH.nD.yDwhvXtobV’D; yD>&DtusdRtusJ vXvXySJRySJRb.

• ok;rDRpd&dRy’d.tpdRqXuwD> oJp;’d.pdoElwz.wtd.vXtd.ySJR

• xHz duD>z dursX>tpdurDRwtd.vXupH.nD. y,DRy’d.ok;vXtrRw&Dwygt0Joh.wz.b.

ySRpH;qXw>oHuG>wz.tg*R [h.ul.0JusdRusJvXw>ubSg%SJ w>rRb.’dySR[D.cd.zDcGJ;,mvXuJxD.wh> to;vXtylRuGHm wz.t*D>M.vDRI w>[h.ul.[h.z;wz.M.rh>0J= vdmbXvdmuGD>ySRrRy,GJySR[D.cd.zDcGJ;,mwz. ‘fw>wDw>-w> tusJoEltd.ympXRtod; rhwrh> xk;uGHmySRoh.wz.M. vXySRM>pdM>urDRtvD>tvRtylRM.vDRI w>[h.ul.ymzsg ph>uD;vX w>upH.nD.ySRrRur.w>wz.cDzsd w>od.CD.tusJ’ftrh>= w>wl>vdmtX.vDRuhRw>ur.< w>Chys>w>ur.< w>tk.uDRo;vXwrRvXRw>ur.wz.M.b.vDRI vD>u0DRzdtg’Htg*R wJzsgxD.0JvX to;vD’d;M>uhR t0Joh.[D.cd. uyHmvX w>[H;M>ql.wh>tDRoh.wz.’D; qX’d;M>b.uhR0JphtD.vd;vXvXySJRySJRvX w>rRw&DwygvXt0Joh.b.vJRcDzsd wh>tDRwz.t*D>M.vDRI ySRt*RweDRwJzsgxD.0JvX t0Joh.tJ.’d;M>b.w>[h.qXuhR’ftrh> usd.ph< w>yD;w>vD’D; o;*h>yDngw>qD.xGJrRpXRwz.M.vDRI

tqXzd (2)tqXzd (2) w>xH.w>ymo;vXchcgcJtHR w>yXqSX&J.usJRw>wDw>-w>tusdRtusJvX uD>y,DRrk>xD.uvHRxH;tylR vHmtqXzdtHRymzsg0J vD>u0DRzdtw>xH.w>ymo;b.C;w>*h>tHR< ‘D;usX>wH>uhRw>*h>vX vD>u0DRw>wDw>-w> tusJoEloXcgvXm [H;M>rl’gvDRwH>vDRrHvXw>bSg%SJuhR ySR[D.cd.zDcGJ;,mw>rR,GJ vXtuJxD.wh>o;wcsK;’H; w>ywkm w>c;’H;b.tqXuwD>wM>eDwcgb.I

w>*h>tug’d.vXw>CkxH.oh.ngtDRwz.=

• vk>v>xloElw>wDw>-w>tusJM. w*X>usXRvDRwH>b.< bSg&SJw>rl;w>&>t’d.wz.wM>b.< qD.oeH;w>pH.nD.yDwhwM>b.’D; w>tD.usd.tD.phtd.’H;’.w>vX ‘lo0Dcd.e>wz. tusgvDRI

?t0Joh.yXxHyXuD> ‘ftw>b.o;’.0Jtod;vDRI t0Joh.wvlRxGJoJp;w>bsXb.< zJok;y’d.yXw> tqXuwD>M. yb.ysHRusd’d.r;< zJM.cg ySRrDmxD.cd.’D;wJqXw>wbl.eDw*Rb. rh>vXok;wz.M. rR’fw>uvk>vDRtod;vDRI tCdM. *hR’.wuh>vXytd.upkvDRI ,wwl>b.’D; yvX>b.w>wDw>-w> eDwbsD b.I/

ydmcGgw*RvX ‘D.z;cd.uD>q.< wDtluD>&h.AunDuD>pJ.uvHRpd;

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• uD>y,DRy’d.tw>wDw>-w>usJoElM. wtd.’D;uGD>rh.oJp;vXupH.nD.uD>y,DRok;wz.b.I w>tHRuJxD.w>qdurd.vX trh>w>uG>rJm’D;uG>wvDRuvkm’l.qH;zdwz.< w>rRtusdRtusJwtd.zsdzsdzsgzsg< [H;w>qX uwD>,Hm,HmxXxXvX w>ok;usJRw>rl;w>&>’D; w>pH.nD.yDwhtylRtd.’D;w>tD.cd.z;vmqSd;’D; w>tD.usd.tD.phM.vDRI wu;’H;b.< w>vXmbl.vXmphRtg’D; w>oly,DRusdmvXw>&J.usJR yD>&Dw>pH.nD.yDwhuwD>tCd rh>w>uD w>cJvX cdcd.’lo0Dzdtg*Rt*D>M.vDRI

• ySRunDw0Xoh.wz.tgwuh>ym*H>ymbg’D;emM> KNU w>wDw>-w>tusJoElM.vDRI ‘fvJ.*hR< usJoEltHRtgpktgbsD [H;rl’g’D;bSg&SJM>o0Dzdtw>rl;w>&>wz.wM>b.< w>oloJp;usdRusJoEl*X>usXR vDRwH>wtd.b.< t0Joh.wtd.’D; w>pl;ugyD;vD’D;ySRb.rlb.’gvX tuH>pDvXvXySJRySJRph>uD;b.I w>xH.t0Joh.vX tw>pH.nD.o[D.p>0J’d.r;< w>tD.usd.tD.ph’D;cd.z;vmqSd;td.ph>uD;0JtCd rRp>vDRursX>w>emM>tDRM.vDRI

w>*DRwbh.tHR b.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgthjzh. 15oD<2018eH.< zJ vlRoDuD>q.< rk>-wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHR’k;eJ.zsgxD.o0Dzdwz. b.Ch>rSH[;zsd; cDzsdvX w>’k;uJxD.vXuD>y,DRy’d.ok; ‘D; KNLA tCdM.vDRI w>’k;uJxD.cDzsdvXuD>y,DRok;tgtg*D>*D> EkmvDRwvXuGHm0JvX KNU tw>yX[D.u0DRylR vXuwhxD.0Jod.vh.usJ t*D>M.vDRI o0Dzdoh.wz.whxD.0J w>td.u’ky}wDRvD>zJyS>ylRwwDRM.vDRI (w>*DR= KHRG)

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Page 11: Briefer Beyond the Horizon - Karen · w>*DRtHR b.w>’dM>tDRzJ vgrhR 2006 eH. zJvl>oDuD>q.< rk>}wD>uD>&h.tylRM.vDRI w>*DRtHRymzsg0J rk.urJw*R ‘D;tzdvHG>*RvX

w>uwdRusX>wH> w>uwdRusX>wH>

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