English Phonetics and Phonology

Lecture 2 The Speech Chain2. Phases of the Speech Chain and

branches of phonetics

KAMIYAMA, Takekitakeki.kamiyama@univ-paris8.fr

24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 2

Branches of phonetics

From Denes and Pinson The Speech Chain

Speaker

Encoding

Articulatory phonetics studies howspeech sounds are produced by theorgans of speech.

1. Traditional approach: observation,reproduction and introspection.

2. Instrumental and experimentalapproach: use of instruments such ascamera, video, endoscope,electrodes, sensors of air pressure,brain imaging, etc.

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Instruments for articulatoryinvestigation (Laboratory of

phonetics and phonology, Paris) 24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 4

Ultrasound imaging (ecography)

Queen Margaret University, Edinburghhttp://www.qmu.ac.uk/casl/ultra/subjectinfo_ESRC_2007_2008.htm

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What is PGG?Sawashima & Hirose (1981), In Vocal Fold Physiology

photodiode

k e: k e:

Transilluminationtechnique

PGG signal

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New development?: ePGGHonda & Maeda

External lighting and sensing PGG (ePGG)The ePGG sensor detects transillumination froma high-power LED placed on the neck skin.

Non-invasive method

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Very experimentalePGG + Airflow + Pio setup

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Branches of phonetics

From Denes and Pinson The Speech Chain

(acoustic)signal

Acoustic phoneticsstudies the acoustic,physic characteristicsof speech sounds, byusing instrumentssuch as oscillographor spectrograph.

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Sound spectrogram(or sonagram, sonogram)

24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 10

Branches of phonetics

From Denes and Pinson The Speech Chain

Listener

Decoding

Auditory phonetics studies howlisteners decode and understandspeech sounds.

1. Psycholinguistic approach:analysis of the behaviour (task ofchoice, judgement, etc.) in responseto speech sounds, or synthesisedsounds.

2. Neuroscience approach: directobservation of the brain by brainimages obtained by MRI, EEG, etc.

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Perception test

• Identification test• Discrimination test End of Lecture 2

Lecture 3: Organs of speech