Botany

Single correct answer type:

1. Which of the following is non-symbiotic nitrogen fixer organism?

(A) VAM (B) Azotobacter

(C) Anabaena (D) Rhizobium

Solution: (B)

<i>Anabaena, Nostoc</i> and <i>Aulosira</i> are symbiotic Rhizobium -fixing

microbes, while.

2. Aleurone grains are rich in

(A) Fat (B) Protein (C) Carbohydrates (D) Auxins

Solution: (B)

Aleurone grains are rich in protein. This is the peripheral part of endosperm and is very

important physiologically because it secrete or accumulates the hydrolyzing enzymes

which accumulates the hydrolyzing enzymes which help in digestion of reserve food

material during seed germination.

3. Match the following columns and choose the correct option.

Column – I Column – II

A. Mutation breeding 1. Laborious and expensive process to obtain gene variation

B. Selection 2. Hybrid vigour can be maintained for several generations

C. Hybridisation 3. Simplest and easiest method of plant improvement

D. Introduction 4. Oldest breeding method

5. Quick method to obtain gene

variation

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Solution: (B)

A – 5

B – 4

C – 1

D – 3

4. The rupture and fractionation do not usually occur in water column in vessel/trachieds

during the ascent of sap because of

(A) Lignified thick walls

(B) Cohesion and adhesion

(C) Weak grauitational pull

(D) Transpiration pull

Solution: (B)

The vertical conduction of water from root to arial part of plant is called <b>ascent of

sap</b>. The water molecules remain joined to each other due to a force of attraction

called <b> cohesion</b> force. Attraction between water molecules and the walls of

xylem is due to adhesion forces. These forces help to ensure the continuity of water

column in xylem.

5. Stability of ecosystem depends upon

(A) Primary productivity

(B) Interchange between producers and consumers

(C) Number of producers

(D) Number of consumers

Solution: (B)

Network of food chains inter connected at various levels (food web) is meant for

increasing the stability of an ecosystem by providing alternative source of food.

6. The material, which arrests cell division, is obtained from

(A) <i>Crocus</i> (B) <i>Colchicum</i>

(C) <i>Dalbergis</i> (D) <i>Chysanthomum</i>

Solution: (B)

Colchicine is an antibiotic drug (alkaloid), which is obtained from <i>Colchicum</i>

(family – Liliacae). It binds to one tubulin molecule and prevents its polymerization. The

depolymerisation of tubulin result in disappearance of mitotic spindle blocking the cell’s

mitotic chromosomal division at metaphase and anaphase.

7. <i>Viscum album</i> grown on trees. This is an example of

(A) Symbiosis (B) Parasitism

(C) Commensalism (D) Predation

Solution: (B)

<i>Visum album</i> is a partial stem parasite that grows on poplar, apple, walnut, oats,

etc. The parasite send primary haustorium into the host for deriving food from them.

8. Which of the following is responsible for biological nitrogen –fixation?

(A) Nife gene

(B) Nitrogenase

(C) Yeast alanine tRNA synthetase

(D) RNA sunthetase

Solution: (A)

<i>Azo</i> tobacterk and clostrodium are free livingnitrogen fixing are microorganisms.

VAM is symbiotic relationship between fungi and higher plants. <i>Nif</i> gene is

responsible for biological nitrogen-fixation, which directs the synthesis of nitrogenase

enzyme.

9. The respiratory quotient during cellular respiration would depend on the

(A) Nature of enzymes involved

(B) Nature of the substrate

(C) Amount of carbon dioxide released

(D) Amount of oxygen utilized

Solution: (B)

R Q is the ratio of the volume of eleased to the volume of oxygen taken in

respiration. It depends on the nature of the substrate, which is oxidized, for

carbohydrates R Q is one, for fats and protein less then one, and is more than one for

organic acids.

10. Which of the following supports a dense population of plankton and littoral

vegetation?

(A) Oilgotrophic (B) Eutrophic

(C) Lithotrophic (D) Agroecotrophic

Solution: (B)

Eutrophication means nutrient enrichment. The main factor that caused eutrophication

is the release of large amount of phosphate into water body.

11. Which of the following is not true for a species?

(A) Members of a species can interbreed

(B) Variations occur among members of species

(C) Each species is reproductively isolated from every other species

(D) Gene flow does not occur between the populations of a species

Solution: (D)

Gene flow means the spread of genes through population as affected by movements of

individuals and other propagules, e.g., spores seeds, etc.

12. Given below is the chemical formula of

(A) Palmitic acid (B) Glycerol

(C) Galactose (D) Stearic acid

Solution: (A)

( ) is the chemical formula of palmitic acid. It is a saturated fatty acid.

13. Choose the wrong pair

(A) <i>Cenchrus</i> - Savanna

(B) <i>Abies</i> - Coniferous forest

(C) <i>Quercus</i> - Broad leaf forest

(D) <i>Tectona</i> - Temperate forest

Solution: (D)

<i>Tectona grandis</i> (Teak) is found in tropical moist deciduous forest.

14. Rarely among angiosperms, the pollen grains influenced the endosperm. This is

called as

(A) Meta xenia (B) Nemec phenomenon

(C) Xenia (D) Mesogamy

Solution: (C)

The direct or indirect effect of pollen is seed or fruit has been termed by <b>Foke</b>

(1881) as xenia. This phenomenon is seen is <i>Zea mays</i> alone and in limited to

the endosperm part only.

15. Three floral diagrams are given here. Their respective families are assigned in the

answer key. Find out the families to which these diagrams belong to

(A) A – Liliaceae, B – Asteraceae, C - Solanaceae

(B) A – Asteraceae, B – Solanaceae, C – Brassicaceae

(C) A – Asteraceae, B – Solanaceae, C – Asteraceae

(D) A – Poaceae, B – Solanaceae, C – Asteraceae

Solution: (B)

‘Pappus’, a hairy structure is a modification of calyx and is the characteristic feature of

family – Asteraceae.

So, is the floral formula of family – Asteraceae.

Calyx 5, gamosepalous, persistant, corolla 5, gamopetalous. Androecium 5,

polyandrous and gynoecium bicarpellary and syncarpous are the diagnostic feature of

family – Solanaceae, shown by floral formula

Calyx 4, polysepalous and arranged in 2 world of 2 each, corolla 4, polypetalous and

cruciform. Androecium 6, polyandrous, tetradynamous.

Gynoecouim, bicarpellary, syncarpous and superior, placentation pariential with a

partition called <b>replum</b>.

These are the diagnostic feature of family – Brassicaceae or Cruciferae, shown by floral

formula

16. Tyloses an out growth from ray or axial parenchyma cell into the lumen of a vessel,

which partially or completely blocks the cavity are present in

(A) Periderm (B) Heart wood

(C) Sap wood (D) Secondary cortex

Solution: (B)

Tyloses are found in heart wood, sometimes the xylem parenchyma develop balloon-

like structure to which penetrates into the adjacent xylem. Vessels, which are called

<b>tyloses,</b> block the luman of the xylem.

17. Overlapping region between two ecosystem is called

(A) Biome (B) Ecotone

(C) Niche (D) Photic zone

Solution: (B)

The zone of transition between two different communities presenting a situation of

overlapping is known as ecotone.

18. Phage genome site on bacterial chromosome resulted in the structure

(A) Nucleic acid (B) Heterocyst

(C) Prophage (D) None of these

Solution: (C)

Prophage is the DNA of bacterioohage that is repressed for lytic functions and is

maintained in the host bacterium in a stable state. The phage genome is integrated into

DNA of its bacterial host and may be replicated along with the host DNA, as in the case

or bacteriophage lamda or may be maintained as extra chromosomal DNA, as in the

case for bacteriophage, lambda

19. ‘Sun basket’ is

(A) The device to utilize sun rays directly to meet the requirement of heat energy

(B) The sufficient amount of sunlight stored in a cell

(C) A device of taking sunbath

(D) All of the above

Solution: (B)

Green plants are called <b>sun basket</b> because they store solar energy by

converting it into chemical energy with the help of chloroplast by the process called

<b>photosynthesis</b>.

20. The dominant epistasis ratio is

(A) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (B) 12 : 3 : 1

(C) 9 : 3 : 4 (D) 9 : 6 : 1

Solution: (B)

In dominant epistatis, a dominant gene (epistatic) marks the expression of another

dominant or recessive gene (hypostatic), such interactions give the modified ratio as

12 : 3 : 1.

21. Benthic organisms are found in

(A) Surface of marine water

(B) Middle of water in sea

(C) Bottom of sea

(D) On ground

Solution: (C)

Benthic organism are found at the bottom of the sea. Surface of marine water

ecosystem is occupied by planktons white nekton are found on surface and middle of

sea ecosystem.

22. Ethylene is related with

(A) Aerobic respiration

(B) Climecteric phenomenon

(C) Anaerobic respiration

(D) Fermentation

Solution: (B)

Ethylene is connected with climacteric phenomenon in which there is 1000 fold increase

in the production of basal ethylene level during ripening of climacteric fruits.

23. Select the correct statement from the one’s given below with respect to dihybrid

cross.

(A) Tightly linked gene on the same chromosome show higher recombinations

(B) Genes for apert on same chromosomes show very few recombination

(C) Genes loosely linked on the same chromosomes show similar recombination as

lightly linked ones

(D) Tightly linked genes on the same chromosomes show very few recombination

Solution: (D)

Morgan and his group found that when genes were grouped on the same chromosomes

some genes were very tightly linked while other were loosely linked.

24. Maximum green house gases are released by.

(A) India (B) Britain

(C) USA (D) France

Solution: (C)

According to Homes etall 1933, USA is responsible for the largest portion of man made

contribution to the green house effect 21% followed by Russia 14%.

25. In a coal fired power plant, electrostatic precipitators are installed to control

emission of

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Solution: (C)

The electrostatic precipitation controls SPM (Suspended particulate matter) in cocal fire

power plant.

26. Two genes R and y are located very close on the chromosome linkage map on

maize plant. When RRYY and rryy genotypes are hybridized, then segregation will

show

(A) Higher number of the recombinant types

(B) Segregation with expected 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 ratio

(C) Segregation is 3 : 1 ratio

(D) Higher number of the parental types

Solution: (D)

Law of independent assortment does not applicable when the gene of different

character occupy on the same homologous chromosome, i.e., linked genes.

27. A lake with an inflow of domestic sewage rich in organic waste may result in

(A) Drying of the lake very soon due to algal bloom

(B) An increased production of fish due to lot of nutrients

(C) Death of fish due to lack of oxygen

(D) Increased population of aquatic food web organisms

Solution: (C)

Oxygen level goes down due to algal bloom. These bloom also release some toxic

chemical which kill fishes and other animals.

28. Allelic sequence variation where more than one variant allele at a locus in a human

population with a frequency grater than 0.01 is referred to as

(A) DNA polymorphism (B) Multiple allelism

(C) SNP (D) EST

Solution: (A)

Allelic sequence variation is described as DNA polymorphism if more than one variant

(allele) at a locus occurs in human population with a frequency greater than 0.01. In

simple terms if an inheritable mutation is observed in a population at high frequency, it

is referred to as DNA polymorphism.

29. Besides dung, the weed that can be used in biogas production is

(A) <i>Hydrilla</i>

(B) <i>Solanum nigrum</i>

(C) <i>Eichhornia Crassipes</i>

(D) <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i>

Solution: (C)

An aquatic weed-like water hyacinth is used as a source of biogas through harvesting,

chopping, crushing and digesting.

30. The following is the diagram of TS of anther. Identify the parts labeled as A, B and

C.

(A) A – Connective, B – Endothecium, C – Pollen grain

(B) A – Endothecium, B – Connective, C – Pollen grain

(C) A – Pollen grain, B – Connective, C – Endothecium

(D) A – Endothecium, B –Pollen grain, C – Connective

Solution: (A)

The typical anther is tetrasporangiate. It has column of sterile called <b>connective

tissue.</b> Mature anther is comprised of an epidermis followed by endothecium, 2 or 3

middle layer and single layered tapetum (inner most).

31.<i>Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)</i> strains have been used for designing novel

(A) Bio metallurgical technique

(B) Bio mineralization processes

(C) Bio insecticidal plants

(D) Bio fertilizers

Solution: (C)

<i>Bt</i> strain have been used to design bioinsecticidal plants through genetic

engineering.

32. In the given diagram, parts labeled as A, B, C, D, E and F are respectively

indentified as

(A) Synergids, polar nuclei, central cell, antipodals, filiform apparatus and egg

(B) Polar nuclei, egg, antipodals, central cell, filiform apparatus and synergids

(C) Egg, synergids, central cell, filiform apparatus, antipodals and polar nuclei

(D) Central cell, polar nuclei filiform apparatus, antipodals, synergids and egg

Solution: (A)

<i>Polygonum</i> type of ovule. Emhryo sac 7 celled, 8 nucleate, 3 antipodal, 2

synergids, one egg and one central cell.

33. In some organisms, karyokinesis is not followed by cytokinesis as a result of which,

multinucleate condition arises leading to the formation of syncytium. The perfect

example for this is

(A) Appearance of a furrow in cell membrane

(B) Liquid endosperm in coconut

(C) Sexual reproduction

(D) Fertilization

Solution: (B)

Coconut endosperm is unique because of its early liquid syncytical stages which form

the hard matured kernel at later stages of fruit development.

34. Jacob and Monod named some enzymes as allosteric whose activity is regulated by

(A) End product (B) Substrate

(C) By product (D) Coenzyme

Solution: (A)

Allosteric modulation or feed back inhibition of enzymes is influenced by end product. It

was shown by <b>Jacob</b> and <b>Monod</b> 1961 through lac operon in

<i>E.coli.</i>

35. The mobile genetic element is

(A) Transposon (B) Mutation

(C) Endonuclease (D) Variation

Solution: (A)

The mobile genetic element is broadly any genetic element capable of moving itself with

or without duplication from one site in a genome to another.

36. In recombinant DNA technique, the term vector refers to

(A) Donor DNA, is identified and picked up through electrophoresis

(B) Plasmid, transfers DNA into living cell

(C) Collection of entire genome in form of plasmid

(D) Enzyme, cuts the DNA at specific sites

Solution: (B)

Vector is a plasmid or virus DNA used to introduced genes into a host cell, where the

genes may be amplified (gene cloning or otherwise manipulated.

37. The net requirement of assimilatory power for the formation of 6 hexose molecules

in maize plant is

(A) 72 ATP, 48 NADPH (B) 90 ATP, 60 NADPH

(C) 108 ATP, 72 NADPH (D) 180 ATP, 72 NADPH

Solution: (D)

plants (maize) require 30 ATP and 12 NADPH for synthesis of one hexose molecule.

Therefore synthesis of six hexose molecules require 180 ATP and 72 NADPH.

38. When two unrelated individuals or lines are crossed, the performance of hybrid in

often superior to both of its parents. This phenomenon is called

(A) Transformation (B) Heterosis

(C) Splicing (D) Meta morphosis

Solution: (B)

Superiority of hybrids over either of the parent is called <b>heterosis</b> or

<b>hybrid</b>

39. Given below is a sample of portion of DNA strand given the base sequence on the

opposite strand. What is so special show in it?

5’ – GAATTC …..3’

3’ – CTTAAG ……5’

(A) Detection mutation

(B) Start codon at 5’end

(C) Palindromic sequence of base pairs

(D) Replication completed

Solution: (C)

Palindromic DNA is base sequence of DNA which reads the same forward and

backward. It has similar sequence in both the strands. Different types of palindromic

sequences are recognized by restriction endonucleases.

40. <i>Rauwolffia serpentine</i>

(A) Curing high blood pressure

(B) Kidney failure

(C)Eye defect

(D) Diabetes

Solution: (A)

Alkoid reserpine is obtained from the root of <i>Rauwolffia serpantina.</i> It is used to

cure high blood pressure.v