Borobudur Temple History

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BOROBUDUR TEMPLE

HISTORY


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In Indonesia there is a giant building that is still many mysteriesunsolved. That is the Borobudur Temple. According to the history ofBorobudur Temple was built by King Smaratungga one of the king of theancient kingdom of Mataram dynasty dynasty in the 8thcentury. According to the legend of the Borobudur Temple was built by an

architect named seo ... now Gunadharma, but the truth of the news inhirtoris not clearly known.If we look from a distance, Borobudur will look like a staircase or asimilar arrangement of building the pyramids and a stupa. Unlike thegiant pyramid in Egypt and the Pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico

Borobudur is another version of pyramid building. Borobudur pyramidform kepunden staircase will not be found in the region and any country.Meanwhile, when viewed from the air, the Borobudur Temple is similar tothe shape of lotus. Lotus is one of the symbols used in homage (worship)

religion of Buddha, symbolizing purity, remind Buddhists to always keep

the mind and heart remain clean despite being in an environment that isnot clean. 1930s W.O.J. Nieuwenkamp never give scientific fantasy ofthe Borobudur Temple.Supported research on geology, Nieuwenkampsaid that Borobudur stupa instead referred to as a building but as a lotus

flower floating on the lake. The lake is now dry at all, used to cover aportion of Kedu lying areas that lie around the hill of Borobudur.


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Apparently Borobudur, Mendut, and if drawn the line Pawon Khayat, are in a straight line.Borobudur is a Buddhist temple, situated in the village of Borobudur Magelang

regency, Central Java, was built by King Samaratungga, one of the kings of Old MataramKingdom, Dynasty descendant dynasty. The name Borobudur is a combination of words andBudur Bara. Bara from Sanskrit means ... temple or monastery complex. While Budur derived

from the word meaning beduhur above, thereby Borobudur means monastery on thehill. Meanwhile, according to other sources means a gunungyang terraces (budhara), whileother sources say that Borobudur means monastery on the high ground. Borobudur-shapedbuilding with staircase punden consists of 10 levels, measuring 123 x 123 meters. Height 42meters before it was renovated and 34.5 meters after the renovation because the lowest level isused as a drag. This Buddhist temple has 1460 relief panels and 504 Buddha effigies in the

complex. Six lowest level of a square and three levels on top of a circle and one of the highestlevels of Buddhist stupa facing to the west.


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Each level represents the stages of human life. In accordance madhhabs

Mahayana Buddhism, every person who wants to reach the level as the Buddha

had to through every level of life is.

* Kamadhatu, the base of Borobudur, symbolizing human beings that are still

bound by lust.* Rupadhatu, four levels above it, symbolizing human beings that have been

able to break free from lust but still bound manner and form. On this terrace,

Buddha effigies are placed in open space.

*Arupadhatu, three levels above where the Buddhist stupa placed in the holes. Itsymbolizes man who has been free from lust, appearance, and shape.

* Arupa, the top that symbolizes nirvana, where Buddha is residing. Each level

has reliefs that will be read coherently run clockwise (towards the left of the

entrance of the temple). The relief panels tell the legendary story, a variety of

story content, among others, there are reliefs of the Hindu epic Ramayana, there

are reliefs Jataka stories. In addition, there are relief panels describing the

condition of society at that time. For example, relief of farmers' activity reflecting

the advance of agriculture system and relief of sailing boat representing the

advance of the voyage who was based in Bergotta (Semarang). All relief panels'


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A Buddhist from India named Atisha, the 10th century, had visited the templethat was built 3 centuries before Angkor Wat in Cambodia and 4 centuriesbefore the Grand Cathedrals in Europe. Thanks to visiting Borobudur andarmed with a script from Serlingpa Buddhism (one of the king of theKingdom of Sriwijaya), Atisha was able to develop Buddhism. He becamehead Vikramasila monastery and taught Tibetans of practicing Dharma. Sixmanuscripts of Serlingpa was condensed into a core course called "The Lampfor the Path to Enlightenment" or better known by the nameBodhipathapradipa. One of the questions still unanswered about Borobuduris how the condition around the temple was built and why the temple was

found in the buried state. Some say Borobudur initially stood dikelilingiiswamp and then buried by the eruption of Merapi. It is based on Calcuttainscription reads 'Amawa' means sea ofmilk. The word is then interpreted aslava of Merapi, probably buried by cold lava of Merapi Borobudur. Thevillages around Borobudur, as there Wanurejo Karanganyar and activities of

local crafts. In addition, the peak watu Kendil an ideal place for panoramicviews from the top of Borobudur.Earthquake on 27 May 2006 had no impactat all on the Borobudur temple so that the building can still be visited.


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The history of Borobudur TempleAbout three hundred years ago, where this temple is still a jungle by aresident who called the Redi surrounding Borobudur. For the first time,the name Borobudur is known from the work of MPU Prapanca

Negarakertagama manuscript in the year 1365 AD, mentioned aboutthe monastery in Budur. Later in the text of the Babad Tanah Jawi(1709-1710) there is news about Diamond Fund, a rebel against KingPakubuwono I, who was caught in Redi Borobudur and sentenced to

death. Then in 1758, blaze news about a prince from Yogyakarta,namely Prince Monconagoro, who are interested in seeing the statue ofa knight who imprisoned in sangkar.Pada 1814, Thomas StamfordRaffles got news of his subordinates on the hill covered with carvedstones. Based on the news that Raffles sent Cornelius, an admirer of artand history, to clean up that hill. After cleaning for two months with thehelp of 200 people population, it became clear the building andrestoration of the temple continued in 1825. In 1834, Resident Keduclean the temple again, and in 1842 the temple stupa reviewed for

further research.


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The name Borobudur Regarding the name Borobudur archaeological

experts who interpret, among them Prof. Dr. Borobudur Poerbotjoroko

explains that the word comes from two words Bhoro and Budur. Bhoro

derived from Sanskrit which means bihara or dormitories, while Budur

word refers to a word that comes from Bali beduhur meaning above. This

opinion is corroborated by prof. Dr. WF. Stutterheim who argue that

Borobudur means Bihara on top of a hill.

Prof. JG. De Casparis basing on Middle Reef Inscription mentioning in

this new building, which Sangkala Year: Sagara kstidhara sense, or inCaka 746 (824 AD), or on the House of dynasty that glorifies God

Indra. In the inscriptions didapatlah Bhumisambharabhudhara name

which means a place of worship the ancestors for the souls of his

ancestors. How it happens to be a shift in Borobudur? This happens

because of the pronunciation of the local community.


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Development of Borobudur TempleBorobudur temple is made in the House of a Buddhist dynasty under the leadership of KingSamarotthungga. Who created the temple architecture, based on public utterances namedGunadharma. Construction of the temple was completed in 847 AD According to the inscriptionK. .. ulrak (784M), making this temple was assisted by a teacher from Ghandadwipa (Bengalore)

named Kumaragacya a highly respected, and a prince from Kashmir named Visvawarman as anexpert adviser in the teaching of Tantric Vajrayana Buddis. Construction of this temple beganduring the Maha Raja Sri Sanggramadananjaya Dananjaya whose surname, followed by hisson, Samarotthungga, and by a granddaughter, Dyah Ayu Pramodhawardhani.Before the restoration, just the Borobudur Temple in ruins as well as artifacts newly discoveredtemple. Subsequent restoration by Cornelius at the Raffles and Resident Hatmann, after that

period is then performed in 1907-1911 by Theodore van Erp who rebuilt the temple from theruins of the order form for the time eaten up the form now.Van Erp is actually an engineerbuilding Genie military with the rank of lieutenant, but then attracted to research and learn theins and outs of Borobudur temple, began to philosophy through the teachings they contain. Forthat he tried to do a comparative study for several years in India. He also went to Sri Lanka tosee the composition of the top building Sanchi stupa in Kandy, until finally van Erp discovered

form of Borobudur Temple. While the foundation of philosophy and religion was found by theStutterheim and NJ. Chromium, which is about the teachings of the Buddha Dharma byMahayana Buddhism, Yogacara and there is a tendency also mingled with the flow Tantrayana-Vajrayana. Research on the composition of the temple and the philosophy that carries itselfrequires a substantial time, especially if linked with other temple buildings are still onefamily. Just as the Borobudur temple with Pawon and Mendut which are geographically located

in one lane.


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Material Borobudur

Borobudur is the second largest temple after Ankor Wat temple inCambodia.Borobudur Temple building area 15,129 m2, composed of 55,000 m3of stone, from 2 million pieces of rocks. The average stone size 25 cm X 10cm X 15 cm. Long pieces of stone as a whole 500 km with a total weight of

1.3 million tons of stone. The walls of Borobudur Temple surrounded bypictures or reliefs which is a series of stories in 1460 terususun panel. Thelength of each panel 2 meters. If the series of reliefs that stretched thelength of relief wholly approximately 3 km. The number of levels there areten, 1-6 levels of a square, while the 70-10 round. Arca found throughout the

temple buildings totaling 504 units. High temple of the surface soil until theend of the main stupa was once 42 meters, 34.5 meters but now lives afterbeing struck by lightning.According to the survey an anthropologist, ethnologist Austria, Robert vonHeine Geldern, the ancestor of the Indonesian people are familiar with

grammar and culture in the Neolithic period Megalithic originating fromSouth Vietnam and Cambodia. At the Megalithic era ancestors ofIndonesia make the tomb of his ancestors as well as a place of worshiptiered pyramid building, getting to the top smaller.


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One of them found in Lebak Sibedug Leuwiliang

Bogor, West Java. Similar buildings are also found in

the Temple Sukuh near Solo, Borobudur Temple

also. If we look from a distance, Borobudur will look

like a staircase or a similar arrangement of building

the pyramids and a stupa. Unlike the giant pyramid in

Egypt and the Pyramids of Teotihuacan in MexicoBorobudur is another version of pyramid

building. Borobudur pyramid form kepunden staircase

will not be found in the region and any country,including in India. This is one of the advantages of

Borobudur temple which is a typical Buddhist

architecture in Indonesia.


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Borobudur Temple History