Border MoldingBorder Molding

Shaping borders of impression tray • Functional or manual

manipulation of tissues

• Duplicates contour & size of vestibule

Shaping borders of impression tray • Functional or manual

manipulation of tissues

• Duplicates contour & size of vestibule

Border Molding Border Molding

• Performed with – Thermoplastic modeling

compound

– Waxes

– Impression materials

• Performed with – Thermoplastic modeling

compound

– Waxes

– Impression materials

Tray Wax Spacer Tray Wax Spacer

• Remains in place during border molding procedures

• Remains in place during border molding procedures

Custom TrayCustom Tray

• Comfortable

• 2-3 mm from vestibule

• Dry periphery of tray (Compound will not stick to tray otherwise)

• Comfortable

• 2-3 mm from vestibule

• Dry periphery of tray (Compound will not stick to tray otherwise)

Heating CompoundHeating Compound

• Use Bunsen Burner not Hanau Torch

• Warm until it starts to droop

• Do not overheat – if catches fire or boils, it will not mold properly

• Use Bunsen Burner not Hanau Torch

• Warm until it starts to droop

• Do not overheat – if catches fire or boils, it will not mold properly

Compound ApplicationCompound Application

• Apply over periphery of tray, in a thickness just slightly narrower than the compound stick

• Apply over periphery of tray, in a thickness just slightly narrower than the compound stick

Re-soften After Application Re-soften After Application

• Flame with a hand torch until all seams or sharp contours have disappeared

• Do not melt wax spacer inside tray

• Flame with a hand torch until all seams or sharp contours have disappeared

• Do not melt wax spacer inside tray

Preventing SlumpingPreventing Slumping

• Hold the tray upside down so that compound droops toward the depth of the vestibule

• Hold the tray upside down so that compound droops toward the depth of the vestibule

Tempering CompoundTempering Compound

• Temper in a water bath (135-140°F) for several seconds – Prevent burning

– Hot water bath will keep compound soft for an extended period

• Temper in a water bath (135-140°F) for several seconds – Prevent burning

– Hot water bath will keep compound soft for an extended period

Wax SpacerWax Spacer

• Keep out of hot water bath to prevent melting–Difficult to replace tray

intraorally in the same position

–Results in uneven border molding

• Keep out of hot water bath to prevent melting–Difficult to replace tray

intraorally in the same position

–Results in uneven border molding

Prepare PatientPrepare Patient

• Patient seated, head against headrest, mouth open & relaxed

• If patient “opens wide”, commisures constrict, limiting access

• Patient seated, head against headrest, mouth open & relaxed

• If patient “opens wide”, commisures constrict, limiting access

Inserting the Custom TrayInserting the Custom Tray

• Place intraorally by rotating into place–Mold by pulling on

the cheeks, lips

– Have patient make functional movements

• Place intraorally by rotating into place–Mold by pulling on

the cheeks, lips

– Have patient make functional movements

After RemovalAfter Removal

• Chill in cold water

• Trim excess over wax spacer or external material that is thicker than 4-5 mm – Clean debris from tray

• Chill in cold water

• Trim excess over wax spacer or external material that is thicker than 4-5 mm – Clean debris from tray

Assessing Peripheral RoleAssessing Peripheral Role

• Proper thickness

• No overlap

• Proper thickness

• No overlap

BurnthroughBurnthrough

• Difficult to see (opaque)

• Relieve tray

• Difficult to see (opaque)

• Relieve tray

After TrimmingAfter Trimming

• If border is sharp or has seams, re-flame, temper and readapt intraorally

• Repeat until periphery is completed

• If border is sharp or has seams, re-flame, temper and readapt intraorally

• Repeat until periphery is completed

Border MoldingBorder Molding

• Don’t reduce border molding prior to final impression if:–Modern low viscosity materials

are used

– Sufficient relief (spacer + holes)

• Don’t reduce border molding prior to final impression if:–Modern low viscosity materials

are used

– Sufficient relief (spacer + holes)

Maxilla - Seating the TrayMaxilla - Seating the Tray

• Seat tray firmly in mid-palatal area during border molding procedures

• Seat tray firmly in mid-palatal area during border molding procedures

Maxilla - ContouringMaxilla - Contouring

• Mold posterior buccal by pulling cheek down & forward with slight circular movement

• Mold posterior buccal by pulling cheek down & forward with slight circular movement

Functional MovementsFunctional Movements

• Patient moves mandible side to side & opens wide –Molds the retrozygomal area

– Allows for movement of coronoid process

– Prevents impingement of pterygomandibular raphe

• Patient moves mandible side to side & opens wide –Molds the retrozygomal area

– Allows for movement of coronoid process

– Prevents impingement of pterygomandibular raphe

Maxilla - Labial FrenumMaxilla - Labial Frenum

• Pull lip outward & downward– Do not pull to one side

• Pull lip outward & downward– Do not pull to one side

Maxilla - Labial FrenumMaxilla - Labial Frenum

• Labial frenum should be narrow

• Buccal frena usually broader, “V-shaped”

• Labial frenum should be narrow

• Buccal frena usually broader, “V-shaped”

Maxilla - Posterior BorderMaxilla - Posterior Border

• Add compound across the top of the tray (not at the edge)

• Add compound across the top of the tray (not at the edge)

Maxilla - Posterior BorderMaxilla - Posterior Border• Terminates at vibrating line

and hamular notches

• Mark with an indelible stick– Insert tray & check visually

• Terminates at vibrating line and hamular notches

• Mark with an indelible stick– Insert tray & check visually

Evaluating Border MoldingEvaluating Border Molding

• Relatively symmetrical• Relatively symmetrical

Evaluating Maxillary Border Molding

Evaluating Maxillary Border Molding

• Retentive• Retentive

Mandible Mandible

• More difficult

• Changing position of the floor of the mouth

• More difficult

• Changing position of the floor of the mouth

Posterior Buccal AreasPosterior Buccal Areas• Pull cheek upward while holding

tray in place

• Have patient suck cheeks inward while holding tray in place

• Pull cheek upward while holding tray in place

• Have patient suck cheeks inward while holding tray in place

Retromolar PadRetromolar Pad

• Should be covered (at least partially) to provide a seal and comfort to the patient

• Should be covered (at least partially) to provide a seal and comfort to the patient

External Oblique RidgeExternal Oblique Ridge

• Don’t extend past EOR

• Palpate cheek at angle of the mandible – Smooth transition

between mandible & border - not palpable

• Don’t extend past EOR

• Palpate cheek at angle of the mandible – Smooth transition

between mandible & border - not palpable

Buccal ExtensionBuccal Extension

• Look for fold in vestibule• Look for fold in vestibule

Masseter MuscleMasseter Muscle• Distal buccal extension

• Patient closes against force

• Activates the masseter, which will displace the compound

• Distal buccal extension

• Patient closes against force

• Activates the masseter, which will displace the compound

Mandibular Frenal AttachmentsMandibular Frenal Attachments

• Labial frenum is narrow– pull lip straight up,

– not as exaggerated as maxilla

• Buccal frena broad & “V-shaped”

• Labial frenum is narrow– pull lip straight up,

– not as exaggerated as maxilla

• Buccal frena broad & “V-shaped”

Posterior Lingual AreasPosterior Lingual Areas

• Have patient touch their tongue to the corners of the mouth, to the palate and stick their tongue out of their mouth

• Have patient touch their tongue to the corners of the mouth, to the palate and stick their tongue out of their mouth

Posterior Lingual AreasPosterior Lingual Areas

• An “S” shaped lingual flange commonly results in posterior lingual area

• An “S” shaped lingual flange commonly results in posterior lingual area

Retromylohyoid SpaceRetromylohyoid Space

• Distolingual border can extend– Straight down from the

retromolar pads

– Anteriorly to varying degrees

– Almost never angles posteriorly from retromolar pads

• Distolingual border can extend– Straight down from the

retromolar pads

– Anteriorly to varying degrees

– Almost never angles posteriorly from retromolar pads

Posterior Lingual AreasPosterior Lingual Areas

• Lower border at or slightly below mylohyoid ridge but not deeply into the undercut below the ridge,

• Minimizes, abrasion and discomfort

• Lower border at or slightly below mylohyoid ridge but not deeply into the undercut below the ridge,

• Minimizes, abrasion and discomfort

BuccalBuccal

AttachmentsAttachmentsTo HyoidTo Hyoid

MylohyoidMylohyoidRidgeRidge

X-section throughX-section throughMandibular ridgeMandibular ridgein 2nd Molar regionin 2nd Molar region

Posterior Lingual AreasPosterior Lingual Areas

• Denture should not lift with normal tongue movements

• Denture should not lift with normal tongue movements

Anterior LingualAnterior Lingual

• Patient lifts tongue to palate, to corners of mouth and sticks tongue out

• Hold tray in place – denture should not lift with normal tongue movement

• Patient lifts tongue to palate, to corners of mouth and sticks tongue out

• Hold tray in place – denture should not lift with normal tongue movement