Book Presentation Personality

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PERSONALITIESAt Workplace

:Team Members

Ms Mahada Subin

Mr. Vikas Singla

Ms. Anima S Bara


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The word "personality" originates from theLatinpersona, which means mask.

Personality can be defined as a dynamic andorganized set of characteristics possessed by a

person that uniquely influences his or hercognitions, motivations, and behaviors invarious situations.

Definition
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Personality traitsare relatively stable cognitive,

emotional, and behavioral characteristics ofpeople that help establish their individualidentities and distinguish them from others.


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Understanding our own personality better as

well as the personality of those in the workcan make a significant difference in

performance and advancement.

Purpose


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Trait Theory and the Big Five


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Hans Eysenck was the first psychologist whoattempt standardization of Traits. Hedeveloped a test called Eysenck PersonalityQuestionnaire [EPQ].He identifies three basis Traits :1) Extraversion-Intraversion

2) Neuroticism3) Psychoticism

Trait Theory


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R.B.Cattell (1965): 16 Personality FactorQuestionnaire (16PF)

McCrae & Costa, 2003: The Five FactorModel: the Big Five--identified 5 higherorder factors

OCEAN: Openness, Conscientiousness,Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism

Trait Theory


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Extraversion

Agreeableness

ConscientiousnessNeuroticism

Openness to Experience

What are the big five?


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Relates to interpersonal behaviorExtent to which individuals prefer to be alone

or with others

Ability to experience positive emotions

Extraversion


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Extraversion

High Scorers

Sociable

ActiveTalkative

Person-oriented

OptimisticFun-loving

Low Scorers

Reserved

SoberUnexuberant

Aloof

Task-orientedQuiet


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Agreeableness

Attitude that is characterized by

subordinating ones will to that of someone

else. Relates to interpersonal behavior

Characteristic responses of other people to

an individual Liked by others, nice, warm, courteous


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Agreeableness

High Scorers

Soft-hearted

Good-naturedTrusting

Helpful

ForgivingStraightforward

Low Scorers

Cynical

RudeSuspicious

Uncooperative

Vengeful Irritable

Manipulative


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Conscientiousness

Relates to way in which individual performs

tasks

Careful, hardworking, neat, organized


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Conscientiousness

High Scorers

Organized

ReliableHard-working

Self-disciplined

Punctual

Persevering

Low Scorers

Aimless

UnreliableCareless

Negligent

Weak-willed


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Neuroticism

Relates to persons emotional life

Measures psychological adjustment and

emotional stabilityProne to experience negative emotions


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Neuroticism

High Scorers

Worrying

NervousEmotional

Insecure

Inadequate

Hypochondriacal

Low Scorers

Calm

RelaxedUnemotional

Hardy

Secure

Self-satisfied


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Assesses seeking and appreciation of

experience for its own sake

Toleration for and exploration of theunfamiliar


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High Scorers

Curious

CreativeOriginal

Imaginative

Untraditional

Broad interests

Low Scorers

Conventional

Narrow in interestsUnartistic

Unanalytical


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How are they measured?

Self-ratings of single-word adjectives

Examples

TalkativeWarm

Organized

MoodyImaginative


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How are they measured?

(continued)Self-ratings of sentence items

Examples

I dont find it easy to take charge of a situationMost people I know like me

I enjoy trying new and foreign foods

I have frequent mood swings

I keep my belongings neat and clean


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More on Big Five

These factors have been found to be quite robust

across cultures.

However not everyone agrees with five factor

model. Some people talk about more factors being

needed; others less (Eysenck -3 factors-

extraversion, introversion, psychoticism)


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Is the model comprehensive?

Some important individual differences are

not captured by the big five

BeliefsGoals

Values


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To Sum Up

Five-factor model describes some of the

most important individual differences

There are individual differences that are notcaptured by the big five


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Implication for your job


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Need for stability

If you are N- and your Boss is N+ You need totake their concerns more seriously to keep your

job and good relationship.

If you are N+ and have an N- boss you may findyourself receiving performance reviews that urgeyou to calm down or lighten up. The boss may tellyou that youre being far too serious or over-reacting to problems.


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Extraversion

If you are E- and your Boss is E+, be prepared toask for what you need with respect to meetingsand conferences. Let them know that you do betterwhen meetings are brief, when you have anagenda in advance. You need time to organizeyour thoughts.

If you are E+ and have an E- boss, be aware that itis unnatural for them to be productive in the same

way you are. You will likely get better input fromthem if you ask in advance giving them time tothink and get organized.


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If you are O- and your Boss is O+, build on yourvalue to them as a producer. They dont care aboutimplementing plans and taking care of the details.They would rather dream things and solveproblem

If you are O+ and have an O- boss remember thatthey may tire of your suggestions and prefer thatyou put more effort in to production. If you thrust

your ideas on them too frequently they will beginto see you as a dreamer.


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Agreeableness

If you are A- and your Boss is A+, be prepared tofind little resistance to your thoughts, because theywill probably tend to submit to your strongquestioning and opinion. Take time and effort todiscover what they truly think.

If you are A+ and have an A- boss you are indanger of seldom getting your interests met unlessyou share the same values. Put your thoughts and

needs in writing and use your notes to approachthem and stand up for your needs.


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Conscientiousness

If you are C- and your Boss is C+, do not resentto focus and discipline to keep you organized andon schedule, because they will probably match toyour spontaneity and willingness to shift. Taketime and effort to align your priorities which helpthem to reach their goal..

If you are C+ and have an C- boss you are indanger of being felt as a stranger in a strange land.

Offer your service to keep your boss and the officeorganized as a team player not as a member wholooks for number one position.


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CASE STUDY


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Case 1:The Customer Problem

N1(Rushes in to the office of his boss):we havegot the call from customer that they will take theiraccount to our competitor if we dont take on thisproduct complaint. We need to call a meeting

immediatelyN2:Its just their way to get quick action. Calm

down we will get back to them after lunch.

N1 --- Need for stability is high

N2 --- Low need for stability


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Case 2:On a brightly colored

scented markerO1:Its a 5-inch cylinder inch round base,

red,shiny hard plastic,sixteen smily faces withfruit shapes, white base,eight ridges inside thebase

O2:Its bright, smooth,a pretty color to look at, akind of pointy on the end.(tasting it to see if itsreally tastes like cherry)the cap look likes acrown...

O1 --- Openness to Experience is lowO2 --- Openness to Experience is High


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Case 3:Reviewing the memo

E1 was entering in to E2 s cubicle while E2 wastyping something in her computer

E1: can you please take a look at this memo forme?

E2:OK, leave it here and I will

E1:I hope you can just look it over and give meyour thoughts. I want to send it out within the nextfew minutes.

E2:I really prefer having sometime to read and

digest..E1 --- Extravert

E2 --- Introvert


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Case4: Unscheduled meeting

The team member was calling them for a meetingwhich was not scheduled .

See their response.

C1:I will grab my file and come right now.

C2: No, not right now, I am in the middle of areport and I have an opening on my schedule atnoon I will join you then.

C1 --- Conscientiousness is low

C2 --- Conscientiousness is High


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Case5: The marketing team at work

Conversation taking place during a marketingteam meeting about the problem of promotionalmaterial to their branch offices: :

A1:Since we are at HQs its our responsibility to

ship out the material to branches. Those poor folksin the branches have their hands full

A2: No, I think the branches need to customize thematerial with the local conditions.

A1 --- Agreeableness is HighA2 --- Agreeableness is low


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THANK YOU

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Book Presentation Personality