Presentation on Personality 2

8/3/2019 Presentation on Personality 2

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Presentationon personality


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Personality

Personality is used to refer to the capacity of a person

for popularity , friendliness or charisma. It refers to the essential differences between one

individual and another.

Therefore , personality consists of the mannerisms ,habits and actions that make a person an individual and

serve to make him distinct from everyone else.


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Some personality development tips

Have a good communication skills.

Be properly dressed to have selfconfidence (to overcome your feelingsof inferiority).

Keep up to date on current topics.

Be precise and concise

Maintain eye contact (this tells otherthat you are confident and ready toengage).

Have a positive attitude so that peopletend to avoid others who have anegative attitude about things.


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Personality Theories

Trait Theories

Social Theories

Psychoanalytic personalitytheory


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Psychoanalytic Theory

id

egosuperego

Freud, proposed that

every individualpersonality is the productof a struggle among threeinteracting forces are

id , ego , superego.


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id

It is the source of strong inborn drives and urges such asaggression and sex. The id operates on what is called thepleasure principle , that is , it acts to avoid tension andseeks immediate pleasure.

For example , when an individual is hot and thirsty his idwould urge him to grab something cold to drink. this wouldbe no concern about how the drink was acquired or whetherit belongs to someone else.

Example is fantasy which plays the important role in theoperation of pleasure principle of id. It is used in promotion

of various products like perfume and sports footwear etc.


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Ego

The ego comes into being because of the limitations of id in dealingwith the real world.

Through learning and experience , the ego develops the individualscapabilities of realistic thinking and ability to deal appropriately withhis environment.

It operates on what is called the reality principle , which is capable ofpostponing the release of tension until that time when it will beeffectively directed at coping with the external environment.

For example , although the hungry individuals id would encourage

him to just take food away from his friend , the ego might reason thatasking for the food may take longer but may also result in getting agreater portion.

Ego is said to be the executive of personality.


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Superego

Superego is the third component of personality . It constitutes themoral part of the individuals psychic structure through internalizingthe values of the society.

It represents the ideal by defining what is right and good, and itinfluences the individual to strive for perfection.

It acts to control basic strivings of the id which could disrupt the socialsystem and influences the ego to strive for socially approved goals

rather than purely realistic ones. As an example , people oftencompliment their friend on their taste in selecting new clothes orother products . The ego might influence such behavior because it isinstrumental in maintaining a friendship . superego would also havean influence , because the activity is something that our society hasaccepted as proper and good behavior while the id is actuallyfostering feelings of jealousy.


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Social Theory

It is also called the new Freudian school , viewedindividuals as striving to overcome feelings ofinferiority and searching for ways to obtain love ,security and brotherhood. This study is based ontheoretical scheme of Karen Horney.

Horney identified ten major needs which helps theindividual for solution to their problems indeveloping a personality and dealing with others inthe environment.

These ten needs were classified in three majororientation.


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CAD

It is stand for compliant , aggressive , detachedorientation

Compliantorientation

Aggressiveorientation

Detachedorientation


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Compliant orientation

Those who move toward people andstress the need for love , approval and affection .Theseindividual tends to exhibit large amounts of empathy ,humility and are unselfish.

Aggressive orientation

Those who move against peopleand stress the need for power , strength and the ability tomanipulates others.

Detached orientationThose who move away from

people .these individual stress the needs for independence ,freedom and self reliance in their dealing with others.


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Trait Theories

introversion

extraversion

sensing

intuiting

thinking

feeling


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1.Introversion It refers to a tendency to preferthe world inside oneself. The more obvious aspects of introversionare shyness, a distaste for social functions, and a love of privacy.

2.Extraversion It is the tendency to look tothe outside world especially people, for one's pleasures. Extraverts areusually outgoing and they enjoy social activities, but they don't like tobe alone. The majority of people in the world are extraverts, sointroverts often feel a bit out of it.

3.Sensing Sensing types , as the nameimplies , get all their information about life from their senses. Theytend to be realistic, down-to-earth people, but they tend to seeeverything in rather simplistic, concrete, black-or-white terms.

4.Intuiting people tend to get theirinformation from intuition. This means that they tend to be a little outof touch with the more solid aspects of reality . Intuiting people areoften artistic and can be rather philosophical.


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5.Thinking people make their decisionson the basis of thinking reasoning , logic , step-by-stepproblem solving. This works very well for physicalproblems, but can leave something to be desired whendealing with something as complex as people.

6.Feeling people make their decisionsbased on their feelings. While this doesn't works wellwhen trying to fix your car or your computer, feelingsare a kind of intuition that works very well when dealingwith people. Half of all people are thinking and half arefeeling , but the proportions differ when we start looking

at gender : The majority of men are thinkers and themajority of women are feelers. This goes along well withold stereotypes as well as recent research.


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Trait is based upon threeassumptions

(1) Individuals possess relativelystable behavioral tendencies.

(2) People differ in the degree towhich they possess these tendencies.

(3)When identified and measured ,these relative differences betweenindividuals are useful in characterizing

their personalities.


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Presentation on Personality 2