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Book of Abstracts

Encontro de Zooarqueologia Ibérica (EZI2017)

5ª Reunião Científica de Arqueomalacologia

da Península Ibérica (5RCAPI)

26-29 April 2017Faro – Portugal

Edited byMaria João Valente

Cláudia CostaCleia Detry

Hosted by Universidade do Algarve

Supporters

Sponsors

Encontro de Zooarqueologia Ibérica (EZI2017) e 5ª edição da Reunião Científica

de Arqueomalacologia Ibérica (5RCAPI)

Iberian Zooarchaeology Meeting 2017 (EZI2017) and 5th Iberian Peninsula Archaeomalacology

Scientific Meeting (5RCAPI)

26–29 April 2017, Faro – Portugal

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Edited by: Maria João Valente, Cláudia Costa & Cleia Detry

Hosted by the Universidade do Algarve

ISBN 978-989-8859-11-2 (paper) ISBN 978-989-8859-12-9 (pdf)

Book of Abstracts of the Encontro de Zooarqueologia Ibérica 2017 (EZI2017) and 5ª Reunião Científica de Arqueomalacologia da Península Ibérica (5RCAPI). 26-29 April 2017, Faro – Portugal Edited by Maria João Valente, Cláudia Costa & Cleia Detry ISBN (paper) 978-989-8859-11-2 ISBN (pdf) 978-989-8859-12-9 © Universidade do Algarve

EZI2017 & 5RCAPI: BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal • 26-29 April 2017 1

Table of Contents Organisation ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Welcome ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Boas-vindas ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Schedule summary .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 KEYNOTES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6

Archeozoology: the dialogue between natural and human sciences (by Marta Moreno García) .............................. 6 The development of Iberian archaeozoology (1975–2016). Reflections of a personal experience (by Arturo

Morales Muñiz) ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 EZI2017 ORAL SESSIONS ................................................................................................................................................ 7 Wednesday, 26 April ........................................................................................................................................................ 8

SESSION E1: Small prey in Iberian Paleolithic .................................................................................................................... 8 SESSION E2: Crossroads in zooarchaeology: environment and hunter-gatherers during the Late Pleistocene–

Early Holocene ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 SESSION E3: Issues in neolithic zooarchaeology: from domestication to taphonomy ............................................ 11 SESSION E4: Miscellaneous topics in (Iberian) zooarchaeology .................................................................................. 13

Thursday, 27 April ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 SESSION E5: Animal husbandry from the Chalcolitic to the Iron Age ........................................................................ 16 SESSION E6: Funerary practices and zooarchaeology from Late Prehistory to the Iron Age ................................. 19 SESSION E7: Animal management during the Roman period and Late Antiquity ................................................... 21 SESSION E8: Different paths in the usage of animal resources in Medieval Times .................................................. 24

Friday, 28 April ............................................................................................................................................................... 26 SESSION E9: Eclectic studies: isotopes, ichtio- and herpetofauna .............................................................................. 26

5RCAPI ORAL SESSIONS ................................................................................................................................................ 28 Friday, 28 April ............................................................................................................................................................... 29

SESSION R1: Mussels in Iberian archaeomalacology ..................................................................................................... 29 Saturday, 29 April .......................................................................................................................................................... 31

SESSION R2: Molluscs and crabs in prehistoric times: food resources and paleoenvironmental indicators ....... 31 SESSION R3: Shells as prehistoric ornaments: choices and techniques ..................................................................... 33 SESSION R4: Shellfishing on the distant shores of Brazil .............................................................................................. 35 SESSION R5: Bronze Age to Early Roman Period: variance in mollusc usage in Iberia ........................................... 36SESSION R6: Archaeomalacology from later historic periods (Late Roman to Modern Age): food resources and

(paleo)ecological utility .......................................................................................................................................... 38 JOINT POSTER SESSION (Friday, April 28th) ............................................................................................................. 40

SESSION EP: Posters EZI2017 ............................................................................................................................................. 41SESSION RP: Posters 5RCAPI .............................................................................................................................................. 54

Author Index ................................................................................................................................................................... 56



Organisation Organising Commission – Maria João Valente, Universidade do Algarve, CEAACP – Cláudia Costa, Universidade do Algarve, ICArEHB – Cleia Detry, Universidade de Lisboa, Uniarq Secretariat – Francisco Rosa Correia, Universidade do Algarve – Frederico Táta Regala, Universidade do Algarve, ICArEHB – Humberto Veríssimo, Universidade do Algarve – Lino André, Universidade do Algarve, ICArEHB – Patrícia Aleixo, Universidade do Algarve – Pedro Fernandes, Universidade do Algarve, NAP – Rute Branco, Universidade do Algarve, NAP – Vera Pereira, Universidade de Coimbra, CEAACP Scientific Commission EZI2017 – Arturo Morales Muñiz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) – Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez, Universidad de León (Spain) – Carlos Pimenta, DGPC – Laboratório de Arqueociências (Portugal) – Corina Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) – Jean-Philip Brugal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) – João Luís Cardoso, Universidade Aberta (Portugal) – Jordi Nadal Lorenzo, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain) – José Antonio Riquelme Cantal, Universidad de Córdoba (Spain) – Juan Carlos Díez Fernández-Lomana, Universidad de Burgos (Spain) – Manuel Pérez Ripoll, Universitat de València (Spain) – Marta Moreno García, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Spain) – Pedro Maria Castaños Ugarte, Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi (Spain) – Simon Davis, DGPC – Laboratório de Arqueociências (Portugal) – Sónia Gabriel, DGPC – Laboratório de Arqueociências (Portugal) Scientific Commission 5RCAPI – André Carlo Colonese, University of York (United Kingdom) – Arturo Morales Muñiz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) – Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez, Universidad de León (Spain) – David Cuenca Solana, Universidad de Cantabria (Spain) / Université de Rennes (France) – Darío Bernal-Casacola, Universidad de Cádiz (Spain) – Igor Gutíerrez-Zugasti, Universidad de Cantabria (Spain) – João Paulo Cabral, Universidade do Porto (Portugal) – Pedro Callapez, Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)



Welcome

On behalf of the organisation of the Encontro de Zooarqueologia Ibérica 2017 (EZI2017) and 5ª Reunião Científica de Arqueomalacologia da Península Ibérica (5RCAPI), and of Universidade do Algarve, we welcome you to Faro and Campus of Gambelas.

The Universidade do Algarve (UAlg) was founded in 1979 from the union of two pre-existing institutions: the Universidade do Algarve and the Instituto Politécnico de Faro. Today the university is home to 9,000 students from more than 80 nations, as well as 700 professors and researchers. It is a growing institution, continually offering more educational opportunities and research programs, and seeking new partnerships with enterprises and the communities it serves.

Archaeology has been at the heart of UAlg’s core since its foundation and is currently part of the Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais. For the last fifteen years, one of its main research and teaching disciplines has been zooarchaeology.

In that same time, Iberia has seen an exponential increase in scientists dedicated to zooarchaeology. Their numbers and the diversity and richness of their work prompted us to organise these meetings: EZI, created anew; and RCAPI, now in its fifth edition and the first to be held in Portugal. Our efforts are shared by three Portuguese Research & Development Units in archaeology—CEAACP1, ICArEHB2 and UNIARQ3—in a joint effort to promote the discipline, exchange data, and establish working networks between Portugal and Spain. It is our firm belief that borders should not slow down scientific activity.

Scientific events provide the opportunity not only to meet other scientists, but also to enjoy the spirit of the hosting region. Algarve is known for its warm, welcoming weather and environment, as well as for being a land of mixed cultures and civilisations thanks to the fruitful blend of the Atlantic and Mediterranean worlds.

We are extremely honoured to have our neighbouring municipalities, Faro and Loulé, as supporters to these meetings. Our gratitude is also extended to the Associação Arqueológica do Algarve, the Campo Arqueológico de Mértola and the Direção-Regional de Cultura do Algarve. With them we share a long tradition of nourishing our cultural heritage. Finally, our thanks to the other generous sponsors spanning local, national and international enterprises.

Our greatest hope is that these meetings and the experiences they provide will improve our science, create new partnerships, and inspire others to organise follow-up events.

Enjoy Algarve,

Maria João Valente, Cláudia Costa & Cleia Detry Organising Commission

1 CEAACP — Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património. 2 ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Center of Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour. 3 UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa.

Due to excellent submissions, we have been able to put together an exceptional scientific program that highlights the current state of knowledge in Iberian zooarchaeology. The program comprises 15 oral sessions (nine in EZI2017 and six in 5RCAPI), two keynotes by invitation, 73 general presentations, and 38 posters in a shared session. Their topics cover a long timeframe, from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Modern Period, and develop many subjects including dietary trends, palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic issues, funerary settings, animal management, and the usage of animal products as tools and ornaments.



Boas-vindas

Em nome da organização do Encontro de Zooarqueologia Ibérica (EZI2017) e da 5ª edição da Reunião Científica de Arqueomalacologia da Península Ibérica (5RCAPI), bem como da Universidade do Algarve, damos-vos as boas-vindas a Faro e ao Campus de Gambelas.

A Universidade do Algarve (UAlg) foi fundada em 1979, como resultado da união de duas instituições preexistentes: a Universidade do Algarve e o Instituto Politécnico de Faro. Atualmente a universidade é composta por 9.000 alunos de mais de 80 nacionalidades, bem como 700 docentes e investigadores. É uma instituição em crescimento, oferecendo mais oportunidades educacionais e de investigação, bem como procurando novas parcerias com empresas e com as comunidades que serve.

A arqueologia tem sido parte da Universidade do Algarve desde a sua fundação e, atualmente, está incluída na Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais. Durante os últimos 15 anos, uma das suas principais áreas de investigação e ensino tem sido a zooarqueologia.

Durante este mesmo período, os investigadores dedicados à zooarqueologia ibérica têm aumentado exponencialmente. O seu número e a diversidade e riqueza dos trabalhos, levou-nos a organizar estes encontros: o EZI, criado agora; e a RCAPI, que vai na sua quinta edição, a primeira ser realizada em Portugal. Os nossos esforços são partilhados por três Unidades de Investigação e Desenvolvimento portuguesas — CEAACP4, ICArEHB5 e UNIARQ6 — num esforço conjunto para promover a disciplina, partilhar informação e estabelecer redes de trabalho entre Portugal e Espanha. É nossa firme convicção que as fronteiras não devem dificultar a atividade científica.

Os eventos científicos permitem não só conhecer outros colegas cientistas, mas também usufruir do espírito da região que os acolhe. O Algarve é conhecido pelo clima e ambiente temperados e acolhedores, bem como por ser uma terra onde, fruto da mistura do mundo Atlântico e Mediterrânico, se cruzam culturas e civilizações.

É com muita honra que temos Faro e Loulé, os nossos municípios vizinhos, como apoiantes destes encontros. Os nossos agradecimentos também se estendem à Associação Arqueológica do Algarve, ao Campo Arqueológico de Mértola e à Direção-Regional de Cultura do Algarve. Com eles partilhamos uma longa tradição na proteção do património cultural. Finalmente, um obrigada também aos generosos patrocinadores de empresas locais, nacionais e internacionais.

A nosso maior desejo é o de que estes encontros, e a experiência que providenciem, melhorem a nossa ciência, proporcionem novas parcerias, e inspirem outros a organizar eventos sequentes.

Desfrutem do Algarve,

Maria João Valente, Cláudia Costa & Cleia Detry Comissão Organizadora

4 CEAACP — Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património. 5 ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Center of Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour. 6 UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa.

Graças às excelentes submissões, foi possível elaborar um programa científico excecional que demostra bem o corrente estado de conhecimentos da zooarqueologia ibérica. O programa inclui 15 sessões orais (nove no EZI2017 e seis no RCAPI), duas palestras por convite, 73 apresentação orais, e 38 pósteres em sessão conjunta. Os temas cobrem uma longa diacronia, desde o Paleolítico Médio à Época Moderna, e desenvolvem muitos assuntos incluindo as tendências alimentares, questões paleoecológicas e paleoclimáticas, contextos funerários, gestão animal, e o uso de produtos de origem animal como instrumentos e adornos.



Schedule Summary

Location Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas. Auditorium of Faculdade de Economia (Auditório Vermelho). Schedule Wednesday, 26 April: EZI2017 08:30 Registration of the delegates 09:15 Opening ceremony (EZI2017), with the presence of:

– Rector of the Universidade do Algarve, Prof. Doutor António Branco – Director of the Direção-Regional de Cultura do Algarve, Prof. Doutora Alexandra Gonçalves – Director of the Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Prof. Manuel Célio Conceição – Representative of the Organising Commission, Prof. Doutora Maria João Valente

09:45 Keynote by Marta Moreno García 10:15 EZI. Session 1 (E1) Coffee-Break 11:30 EZI. Session 2 (E2) 13:00 Lunch 14:30 EZI. Session 3 (E3) Coffee-Break 16:15 EZI. Session 4 (E4) 18:00 Trip to the Museum of Faro (by private bus) 19:00 Official Reception at the Museum of Faro Thursday, 27 April: EZI2017 09:00 EZI. Session 5 (E5) Coffee-Break 11:30 EZI. Session 6 (E6) 13:00 Lunch 14:30 EZI. Session 7 (E7) Coffee-Break 17:00 EZI. Session 8 (E8) Schedule to end ca. 18:30 Friday, 28 April: joint day EZI2017 & 5RCAPI 09:00 EZI. Session 9 (E9) 10:30 EZI Closing (oral sessions) Coffee-Break 11:15 5RCAPI Opening 11:30 Keynote by Arturo Morales Muñiz 12:00 RCAPI. Session 1 (R1) 13:15 Lunch 14:30 Joint Poster Sessions EZI2017 & 5RCAPI (EP & RP) (with hors d'oeuvre and wine tasting) 16:30 Trip to Loulé (by private bus) 17:30 Visit to Loulé Archaeological Museum and Islamic Baths 19:00 Official Dinner at the Market of Loulé 20:30-21:00 Return to Faro (by private bus, with stop at Campus de Gambelas and at Hotel Eva in Faro) Saturday, 29 April: 5RCAPI 09:00 RCAPI. Session 2 (R2) Coffee-Break 11:30 RCAPI. Session 3 (R3) 13:15 Lunch 14:30 RCAPI. Session 4 (R4) 15:15 RCAPI. Session 5 (R5) Coffee-Break 16:45 RCAPI. Session 6 (R6) 18:00-18:30 5RCAPI Closing



KEYNOTES

APRIL 26TH, WEDNESDAY ARCHAEOZOOLOGY: THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN NATURAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES by Marta Moreno García [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Instituto de Historia, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, CSIC – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ES. Archaeozoology is an internationally recognized scientific discipline that nowadays is essential in archaeological research. Studying the multiple human-animal relationships is a key area of knowledge to understand the socioeconomic and cultural evolution of human communities in the past. But also and from the start, the contributions on the biogeography of animal species and their evolution or the environmental data that can be derived from these studies have been of great interest to the biological sciences. Recently, with the development of new analytical techniques, faunal assemblages are gaining a scientific leading role and as a result working approaches that seemed distant are becoming closer. However, the fast rhythm and the pressures on researchers to transfer and publish the results of their studies leave little room to debate if that integration means a real sharing of knowledge and aims. The increase in archaeozoological research experienced in the Iberian Peninsula offers a good start point to reflect on different issues related to this question. For example, does the application of new analytical methods guarantee quality of research production? Are interpretations overestimated against the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the materials under study? By comparing our results with trends and patterns from other geographical areas do not we tend to standardize the multiple biological and cultural realities that exist here? In short, I would like to call your attention to the need to have original research aims based on the scientific knowledge of both realities and in which the potentials and limitations of the analytical methodologies used are assessed with a more critical spirit.

APRIL 28TH, FRIDAY THE DEVELOPMENT OF IBERIAN ARCHAEOZOOLOGY (1975-2016): REFLECTIONS OF A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE by Arturo Morales Muñiz [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratorio de Arqueozoologia. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES.

Archaeozoology, as most other branches of bioarchaeological research, has traditionally lagged behind the explosive development that Iberian archaeology witnessed over the past fifty years. Historical and curricular contingencies, among others, contributed to dictate such a state of affairs and understanding these might prove instrumental if one is ever to learn lessons from past experiences, however negative these might be. In this presentation, an overview of archaeozoological developments will be addressed from the most intimate standpoint of someone who has devoted all of his professional career to foster its research in Iberia and elsewhere. This has been, as most adventure treks, a voyage full of good and not so good moments that the author would now like to share with colleagues, in particular those from the younger generation whose aims, methodologies and expectations, though apparently diverging from those of former generations are, in fact, as old as is the quest to understand our past.



EZI2017 ORAL SESSIONS

April 26-28th



Wednesday, April 26th

EZI – SESSION 1. SMALL PREY IN IBERIAN PALAEOLITHIC E1.1 | GRUTA NOVA DA COLUMBEIRA: AN ASSESSMENT OF RABBIT EXPLOITATION DURING THE MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC IN PORTUGAL (BOMBARRAL, PORTUGAL) Milena Carvalho [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] University of New Mexico, US. In Europe, differences in subsistence between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans are one of the ways in which archaeologists detect behavioral changes during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. In this paper, I present faunal and stable isotopic analyses of Oryctolagus cuniculus (the European wild rabbit) from levels C.6, C.7, C.8 and C.9 of Gruta Nova da Columbeira, a Mousterian cave site located in central Portugal. I use these data to test two subsistence models: 1. Anatomically modern humans gained a competitive advantage over Neanderthals by exploiting broad-spectrum diet type prey items such as the rabbit (as in Fa et al., 2013) 2. Neanderthals practiced a broad-spectrum diet in local environments exemplified by sites such as Bolomor Cave (as in Blasco and Peris, 2012). To conclude, I explore whether central Portugal displays the same shift in subsistence patterns from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition as elsewhere in Europe and if using the concept of a transition is an efficient way to track human adaptation to environmental change in the Pleistocene. Keywords: subsistence, Palaeolithic, Western Portugal, stable isotopes, small game References: Blasco, R., Peris, J. 2012. A Uniquely Broad Spectrum Diet during the Middle Pleistocene at Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain), in Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S., Kindler, L. (Eds.), The Evolution of the Hominin Food Resource Exploitation in Pleistocene Europe: Recent Studies in Zooarchaeology. Quaternary International 252, 16–31. Fa, J., Stewart, J., Lloveras, L., Vargas, J. 2013. Rabbits and Hominin Survival in Iberia. Journal of Human Evolution 64, 233–241. E1.2 | TAPHONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE BIRD BONES FROM THE MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC SITE OF GRUTA DA FIGUEIRA BRAVA (ARRÁBIDA, PORTUGAL) Mariana Nabais [1], Carlos Pimenta [2] & João Zilhão [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Institute of Archaeology, University College London, UK. [2] Laboratório de Arqueociências, Direção Geral do Património Cultural, Lisboa, PT. EnvArch/CIBIO/InBIO, PT. [3] Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, ES. Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, ES. UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, PT. The procurement of small prey has been widely discussed over the past decades, in particular following the recovery of bird bone assemblages from archaeological sites dated to periods earlier than expected. Gruta da Figueira Brava, located on the west coast of central Portugal, is one of such site. The intact deposit found below the capping, reworked levels contain an abundant quartz-based Middle Palaeolithic stone tool assemblage, confirms a Neanderthal occupation of the site, which has been reliably dated to MIS-5 by U-series and OSL. The mammal assemblage recovered shows evidence of Neanderthal manipulation of large to very small animals, including rabbits. Tortoise remains are also present. Carnivore activity is scant. The avifaunal assemblage comprises marine and terrestrial birds, including edible species, as well as diurnal and nocturnal raptors. The majority of species identified are local to the immediate environment of the cave — rocky cliffs and shores — but the reworked and in situ assemblages are of different composition. In order to identify the agent of bird accumulation, a detailed taphonomic analysis was conducted on the bird remains. This analysis did not detect any significant hominin contribution to the avifaunal assemblage. The paper will discuss different hypotheses concerning the agents involved. Keywords: birds, Neanderthal, Middle Palaeolithic, Gruta da Figueira Brava, Arrábida E1.3 | EPIPALAEOLITHIC RABBIT ACCUMULATIONS IN NORTHEAST IBERIA: THE BALMA DEL GAI ASSEMBLAGE Nadihuska Y. Rosado-Méndez [1], Lluis Lloveras [1], Pilar García-Argüelles [1] & Jordi Nadal [1]. Contact: nyrosadomendez @gmail.com [1] SERP – Seminari d’Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques. Secció de Prehistòria i Arqueologia. Facultat de Geografia i Història. Universitat de Barcelona, ES. Climate changes occurring in Mediterranean Europe between the Pleistocene-Holocene transition resulted in changes in the exploitation of small prey by humans. In the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, this adaptation is mainly evidenced by an increase in the number of rabbit remains, which normally exceeds the 90% of the recovered specimens. The archaeological site Balma del Gai (Moià, Barcelona) provides one of the most significant archaeological records of this kind. The Balma del Gai is a small rockshelter located 50 km inland from the coast at 760 m above sea level. The stratigraphic units are organized in 3 levels in which level I correspond to the Epipalaeolithic period. Recovered faunal remains are diverse, including different species of marine and continental mollusc, ungulates, terrestrial carnivores, birds, fishes and small mammals. However, the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) stands out among all taxa, representing 95% of all identified remains recorded.



Nevertheless, in order to ascribe the archaeological rabbit remains to the activity of early Holocene hunter-gatherers or, on the contrary, to a number of predators (raptors and terrestrial carnivores) that occupied the same biome over the same period and feed on the same prey, a taphonomical analysis is required. Through zooarchaeological and taphonomical analysis, our work aims are: to elucidate the human activity on rabbit in comparison to other predators, to understand the different ways of handling and exploiting rabbit carcasses and to assess the importance of this small prey for the Epipalaeolithic hunter-gatherers. Results on anatomical representation, breakage and bone surface modifications show that rabbit remains recovered respond to an anthropogenic contribution. High proportions of thermo-altered bones, cutmarks caused by lithic tools and teeth marks are observed. All parameters indicate intense exploitation of rabbit fur and meat. This study shows clear evidence of the importance of small prey for human subsistence during the Epipaleolithic. Keywords: Northeast Iberia, Balma del Gai, Epipaleolithic, small prey taphonomy, rabbit remains

EZI – SESSION 2. CROSSROADS IN ZOOARCHAEOLOGY: ENVIRONMENT AND HUNTER-GATHERERS DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE–EARLY HOLOCENE E2.1 | LAST INTERGLACIAL VERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGE FROM THE NORTHERN IBERIAN PENINSULA: ARTAZU VII (ARRASATE, BASQUE COUNTRY) Aitziber Suárez-Bilbao [1], Naroa Garcia-Ibaibarriaga [2], Jone Castaños [1], Pedro Castaños [3], María-José Iriarte-Chiapusso [2,4], Álvaro Arrizabalaga [2], Trinidad Torres [5], José Eugenio Ortiz [5] & Xabier Murelaga [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, ES. [2] Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, ES. [3] Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Donostia-San Sebastián, ES. [4] IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, ES. [5] Laboratorio de Estratigrafía Biomolecular. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ES. Artazu VII is a Late Pleistocene palaeontological site discovered in 2013 at Kobate Quarry (Arrasate, northern Iberian Peninsula), located in the upper Deba Valley. In this cave, which acted as a natural trap, remains of 40 different vertebrate taxa were accumulated (Suárez-Bilbao et al., 2016). Deposits of this chronology without evidence of human presence are limited in the Cantabrian region, and even more those with a good state of preservation and rich bio-diversity. The preliminary vertebrate taxonomic list contains five amphibians, four reptiles, seven birds and 24 mammalian taxa. While small mammals are represented by 13 small mammal taxa (seven in the Order Rodentia, five in the Order Eulipotyphla, and one in the Order Chiroptera), the large mammal fauna comprises eleven species, including ungulates and carnivores (Suárez-Bilbao et al., 2016). The palaeoenvironment inferred by the ecological preferences, mainly of the small vertebrates, suggests a predominance of grassland and broadleaf forests, with some practically permanent water sources, within a notably warm and humid climate. Amino Acid Racemization results carried out in macrofaunal bone samples from approximately the middle of the stratigraphic column, show a mean value of 93,000 years. The combination of dating and inferred palaeoclimate suggest that the deposit from Artazu VII would be dated in the 1st half of the Late Pleistocene, in the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5c (Suárez-Bilbao et al., 2016). This work is part of the project Basque Crossroads (HAR2014-53536-P), which studies the movement and traveling of populations between the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe along prehistoric epoch (Arrizabalaga, 2009). In periods of climate changes, the Deba Valley is a biological corridor that acts as an area that communicates to very different regions (Ebro Valley-north Plateau with Cantabrian range and Aquitania depression), which provides a greater biodiversity in the deposits that delimit the Deba Valley. The study of the vertebrate remains from deposits as Artazu VII, along with the analysis of other archaeopaleontological sites located in this corridor, allows us to recognize the existence of biological passages and to describe the palaeoenvironmental changes with high resolution. Keywords: vertebrates, palaeoenvironment, Late Pleistocene, Basque Crossroads, Iberian Peninsula References: Arrizabalaga, A., 2009. The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic Transition on the Basque Crossroads: Main Sites, Key Issues. Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte 18, 39-70. Suárez-Bilbao, A., Garcia-Ibaibarriaga, N., Castaños, J., Castaños, P., Iriarte-Chiapusso, M.J., Arrizabalaga, A., Torres, T., Ortiz, J.E., Murelaga, X., 2016. A new Late Pleistocene non-anthropogenic vertebrate assemblage from the northern Iberian Peninsula: Artazu VII (Arrasate, Basque Country). Comptes Rendus Palevol. 15, 950–957. E2.2 | CARNIVORES AND HUMANS AT CUEVA DE LLONIN (ASTURIAS, NORTH OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA): PRELIMINARY DATA FROM THE FAUNAL STUDY OF THE BASAL LEVEL (MIS 3) Alfred Sanchis [1], Manuel Pérez Ripoll [2], Carmen Tormo [1], Víctor Sauqué [3], Cristina Real [2], Elsa Duarte [4], David Santamaría [4] & Marco de la Rasilla [4]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Museu de Prehistòria de València. Servei d’Investigació Prehistòrica. Diputació de València, ES. [2] Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga. Universitat de València, ES. [3] Grupo Aragosaurus-IUCA, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES. [4] Departamento de Historia, Universidad de Oviedo, ES. Llonin is a Cantabrian Palaeolithic site containing a wide archaeological sequence and a unique record of parietal art. Archaeological excavations have been carried out between 1987 and 2002, providing materials belonging to the Mousterian, Gravettian, Solutrean, Magdalenian, Azilian and Bronze Age periods (see references). In this communication, we present the first data on the study of faunal remains from the basal level (VIII) of the sector called “Cono Posterior” inside the cave. This level provides evidence of the presence of Neanderthals groups because



Mousterian stone tools have been identified (MIS 3). The fauna of VIII level consists of several species of herbivores and carnivores. The archaeozoological and taphonomic study of faunal remains aims to characterize the origin of these accumulations and determine the subsistence patterns of animal origin developed by Neanderthals at the end of the Middle Palaeolithic as well as the interaction processes in the cave between carnivores and humans in this early stage of the sequence. Keywords: human-carnivore interactions, Neanderthal subsistence, Middle and Early Upper Paleolithic, Cueva de Llonin, Asturias References: Fortea, J., Rasilla, M. de la, Rodríguez, V., 1990. Sobre un rodete perforado magdaleniense de Llonin (Asturias). Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina 20, 95-108. Fortea, J., Rasilla, M. de la, Rodríguez, V., 1992. La cueva de Llonin (Llonin, Peñamellera Alta). Campañas de 1991 a 1994. Excavaciones Arqueológicas en Asturias 1987-1990. 2, 9-18. Fortea, J., Rasilla, M. de la, Rodríguez, V., 1995. La cueva de Llonin (Llonin, Peñamellera Alta). Campañas de 1991 a 1994. Excavaciones Arqueológicas en Asturias 1991-1994 3, 33-44. Fortea, J., Rasilla, M. de la, Rodríguez, V., 1999. La cueva de Llonin (Llonin, Peñamellera Alta). Campañas de 1995 a 1998. Excavaciones Arqueológicas en Asturias 1995-1998 4, 59-68. Fortea, J., Rasilla, M. de la, Rodríguez, V., 2004. L’art pariétal et la séquence archéologique paléolithique de la grotte de Llonin (Peñamellera Alta, Asturies, Espagne). Préhistoire, Art et Sociétés. BSPA LIX, 7-29. Fortea, J., Rasilla, M. de la, Rodríguez, V., 2007. La cueva de Llonin (Llonin, Peñamellera Alta). Campañas de 1999 a 2002. Excavaciones Arqueológicas en Asturias 1999-2002 5, 77-86. Rasilla, M. de la, Santamaría, D., 2011-2012. El Paleolítico Medio en Asturias. Mainake XXXIII, 31-62. Rasilla, M. de la, Santamaría, D., Rodríguez, V., 2014. Llonin. In: Sala, R. (ed.) and Carbonell, E., Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Arsuaga, J. L. (coord.). Los cazadores recolectores del Pleistoceno y del Holoceno en Iberia y el estrecho de Gibraltar. Universidad de Burgos y Fundación Atapuerca. Burgos. E2.3 | KIPUTZ IX VERSUS ALTAMIRA: CORRELATION BETWEEN SKELETONS AND PAINTINGS OF STEPPE BISON DURING UPPER PALAEOLITHIC AT CANTABRIAN REGION Pedro Castaños [1], Jone Castaños [2] & Xabier Murelaga [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Geo-Q, Leioa. Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, ES. [1] Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, ES. The lack of correlation between the fauna depicted in the rupestrian art and the mammal species recovered in archaeological sites is a fact confirmed by various authors in the Cantabrian Palaeolithic. Frequently painted species (bison, auroch and horse) are scarce in the lists of faunas. Only the red deer is an exception because it is a dominant species in some sets of parietal art and at the same time is the most hunted species during the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic in the Cantabrian region. The lack of connection between what is painted and what is hunted presents its maximum expression in the steppe bison (Bison priscus). This species is the main protagonist at the Altamira Cave which is one of the most important sanctuaries of the rupestrian art in Europe and therefore in the world. This fact contrasts with the scarcity of bison remains found in the successive archaeological excavations carried out in this cave. For this reason, it can be interesting to have an accumulation of fauna from the site of Kiputz IX which presents some parallelism with the series of polychrome bison from Altamira. Kiputz IX is the site that has provided the richest collection of steppe bison remains in the Iberian Peninsula. The chronology of this sample, as well as palaeobiological data obtained, allow an interesting comparison between a joint paleontological and an important manifestation of the prehistoric art. Keywords: steppe bison, bones/paintings, Upper Paleolithic, northern Iberian Peninsula E2.4 | HUNTER-GATHERER HUMAN SUBSISTENCE IN THE BAJO ARAGÓN IN THE PLEISTOCENE-HOLOCENE TRANSITION: ANGEL 1 ROCKSHELTER (LADRUÑAN, TERUEL, ARAGÓN) Alejandro Sierra [1], María Saña [2], Pilar Utrilla [1], Rafael Domingo [1] & Manuel Bea [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Área de Prehistoria, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES. [2] Departamento de Prehistoria, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, ES. Ángel 1 rock shelter is located in Ladruñan (Castellote, Teruel), in the Maestrazgo area (Southeastern Aragón). It is next to Angel 2, and both are part of an ensemble called El Arenal de Fonseca. It is a limestone rock shelter facing west, close to Guadalope River. This site demonstrates a sequence of different occupation levels: Palaeolithic (Gravettian) and Postpalaeolithic (Macrolithic Mesolithic, Geometric Mesolithic and Neolithic). There are also several rock art panels (Levantine and Schematic). In this study, archaeozoological analysis of the level 10sup is presented. This level is rich with faunal remains, but it has severe preservation problems, and all attempts to date this level directly have so far failed. An approximate chronology situates level 10sup between Late Pleistocene and early Holocene. The methods used includes analysis of specific and skeletal variability, estimating the age of the animals represented, biometric analysis, and physical characterization of populations. This also includes a comprehensive taphonomic study, which unveils processing and consumption patterns, and examines the post-depositional processes that have affected bone preservation in this level. The preliminary results presented here increase our knowledge about the main subsistence strategies of human groups in this area, highlighting the importance of the hunting of wild goat. Keywords: hunter-gatherer, Pleistocene-Holocene, Bajo Aragón E2.5 | CLIMATIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGES IN THE PRE-PYRENEAN AREA AMONG MAGDALENIAN AND NEOLITHIC: THE FAUNAL REMAINS OF THE ARBA DE BIEL BASIN (BIEL, HUESCA, ARAGÓN) Alejandro Sierra [1], Rafael Domingo [1], Lourdes Montes [1] & María Saña [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Área de Prehistoria, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES. [2] Departamento de Prehistoria, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, ES.

Climate change during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition produced environmental shifts that affected human groups. Human societies underwent dramatic changes, which resulted in the adoption of an agricultural way of life. The study of the Arba de Biel Basin allows reconstruction these processes. This area is significant due to the presence of five archaeological sites (Peña-14, Legunova/Rambla, Valcervera, Paco Pons) with prehistoric occupations from Late Pleistocene to Mid Holocene. These are five small rock shelters located close to each other. There are fourteen



archaeological levels with remains of human occupation, twelve are dwelling occupations and two funerary levels. This sequence is accurately dated with thirty-five14C dates that range from Late Magdalenian to Chalcolithic (15-4 cal ka BP). In this work, the analyses of faunal remains are presented. The objective is to provide data about the human response to climate change and the socioeconomic transition between Mesolithic and Neolithic in the Pre-Pyrenean area. The methods used includes analysis of specific and skeletal variability, estimating the age of the animals represented, biometric analysis, and physical characterization of populations. This also includes a comprehensive taphonomic study, which unveils processing and consumption patterns, as well as other post-depositional processes. The results clearly demonstrate differences in animal management between hunter-gatherers and herders from Late Pleistocene to Mid Holocene. Keywords: Pleistocene-Holocene transition, Epipalaeolithic/Mesolithic, Neolithic, Pre-Pyrenean

EZI – SESSION 3. ISSUES IN NEOLITHIC ZOOARCHAEOLOGY: FROM DOMESTICATION TO TAPHONOMY E3.1 | INVESTIGATING FOOD HABITS OF SHEEP, GOAT AND CATTLE IN THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SITE OF LA DRAGA (NE IBERIAN PENINSULA) Vanessa Navarrete [1], Carlos Tornero [2] & Maria Saña [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia, Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES. [2] IPHES – Intitut Català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social, Tarragona, ES. Food habits could be a key factor to understand the success of herding systems during early steps of integration of domesticates in the Iberian Peninsula. Stable isotope analyses can provide detailed information about dietary inputs. Sequential analyses of δ13C and δ18O values are here used to better understand food habits of domesticates. The ecological niche of the lacustrine site of La Draga (5430-4796 cal BC), located on the eastern side of the Lake of Banyoles (Girona, NE Iberian Peninsula), could involve a specific-range for dietary habits of sheep, goat and cattle. This is a unique opportunity to evaluate consequences of pressure and technical choices of sheepherders. In this contribution, we present a study based on sequential analyses of δ13C and δ18O from tooth enamel of sheep specimens. Some goats and cattle are also including in the sampling to better characterize our results. Data suggest that contribution of plant resources in sheep-diet follows the seasonal availability through the year. No foddering strategies involving the storage of sources from different seasons are detected. Mobility pattern of pastoral activities is also reduced. The low variation in δ13C series is discussed in terms of ecological characteristics of the site. Keywords: Early Neolithic, stable isotopes, domesticates, food habits, NE Iberian Peninsula E3.2 | FROM THE VALLEY TO THE MOUNTAIN: FIRST EVIDENCES OF ALTITUDINAL MOVEMENTS OF FLOCKS OF SHEEP AT THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SITE OF CUEVA DE ELS TROCS, SAN FELIU DE VERI, HUESCA, SPAIN Marta Moreno García [1], Carlos Tornero [2], Alizé Hofman [3], Manuel Rojo Guerra [4], José Ignacio Royo Guillén [5], Rafael Garrido Pena [6], Iñigo García Martínez de Lagrán [7], Cristina Tejedor Rodríguez [7] & Héctor Arcusa Magallón [8]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Instituto de Historia, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, CSIC, Madrid, ES. [2] IPHES – Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, ES. [3] Université de Toulouse. TRACES & Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Université de Toulouse 1, FR. [4] Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Valladolid, ES. [5] Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural. Gobierno de Aragón, ES. [6] Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES. [7] Arcadia-General Foundation of Valladolid University, ES. [8] Private Technical Archaeologist, Zaragoza, ES. The cave of Els Trocs with more than 23000 remains, of which 85% belong to caprines, has provided the largest Neolithic faunal assemblage known up until now. The chronostratigraphic sequence places the occupation of the cave between the last third of the 6th and the last third of the 4th millennium cal BC. The multidisciplinary methodological approach and the application of several analytical techniques on the faunal samples (δ13C and δ18O stable isotopes on modern and archaeological remains, culling profiles of the sheep flocks along the sequence and paleoparasitological analyses of sediments), have allowed to reveal on the one hand, the occurrence of an economic system based on the altitudinal movement of flocks since the earliest phases and on the other, a progressive anthropic control of animals aiming at the adaptation of their breeding season to the demands of this exploitation system. The parasite load increase evidenced along the sequence supports also the narrow relationship between people and animals. In short, the archaeological, faunal, isotopic and palaeoparasite analyses here presented, constitute the most integral study carried out on prehistoric flocks of sheep in Europe. For the first time and for a very early moment of the Neolithisation process of the Iberian Peninsula, a very specialized economic activity that requires not only a deep knowledge of the reproductive cycle of the flocks but also a wide control of the territory and its routes of communication is demonstrated. Keywords: altitudinal movements, sheep, Early Neolithic, Els Trocs, Huesca (Spain)



E3.3 | CHANGES IN PIG POPULATION DURING THE EARLY NEOLITHIC IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH Vanessa Navarrete [1], André Carlo Colonese [2], M. Eulàlia Subirà [3], Pau Comes [4], Antoni Rosell [4,5] & Maria Saña [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia, Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES. [2] BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, UK. [3] GRAPAC, Unitat d’Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES. [4] Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES. [5] Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, ES. The contribution of livestock to socio-economic changes in the western Mediterranean during the spread of the Neolithic is indisputable. In particular, domesticated pigs (Sus domesticus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) played an important role in the Early Neolithic economy of the Iberian Peninsula. Here we present the results of an integrated study involving carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, slaughter patterns and biometric analysis of wild and domestic pig assemblages from the Iberian Peninsula, dated between 5700-4600 cal BC. This multidisciplinary approach aims to evaluate changes in pig management and exploitation strategies. The results reveal differences in pig husbandry practices between sites. Our results open new perspectives into animal management strategies, while providing new elements for discussing the regional development of Early Neolithic economies in the Iberian Peninsula. Keywords: Early Neolithic, pig domestication, husbandry practices, stable isotope analysis, Iberian Peninsula E3.4 | LAMEIRAS (SINTRA) – MOTHER OF PORTUGUESE EARLY NEOLITHIC SITES Simon J. M. Davis [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratório de Arqueociências, Direção Geral do Património Cultural, Lisboa, PT. Excavations by Teresa Simões at Lapiás de Lameiras, near Sintra, uncovered 1250 mammal remains dated to Early and Late Neolithic with some underlying Mousterian and overlying Chalcolithic. They elucidate certain aspects of Portuguese zooarchaeology: 1. Sheep. The EN includes securely identified sheep — several directly 14C dated to c. 5450 cal BC — the beginning of the EN here and 3000 years after this animal’s domestication further east in the Tigris/Euphrates basin. Overland, sheep should have walked 1,6 kms/year – a velocity too great for the ‘wave of advance’ model. They were probably, therefore, shipped. 2. Body size. Lameiras Bos, Capra and Sus compared to local specimens from Pleistocene to modern times, reveal interesting differences. a) Late Pleistocene-Holocene diminution of aurochs and Capra probably linked to post-Ice Age temperature increase; b) Further diminution of Mesolithic Bos and Sus reflecting overhunting (the Mesolithic crisis); c) Additional diminution of Bos, Capra and Sus reflecting their domestic status; d) Post-Mesolithic partial size recovery of aurochsen and Sus due to reduced predation, and e) size increase of Capra (and sheep) and cattle due to Moslem and Christian improvements. 3. Equids. Two very differently sized Chalcolithic equids belonged to horse (large) and Otranto ass (small). 4. Species spectrum change. At the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition the pattern of exploitation changed from Equus+Cervus+Sus to Ovis+Capra+Sus+Bos – signalling the change from hunting to husbandry. Abundant Mesolithic wild boar reflects its fecundity and hence ability to withstand overhunting. 5. Anomalous tooth. An EN Bos M3 with missing hypoconulid is the earliest known occurrence of this anomaly, possibly linked to inbreeding. The scarcity of wild mammals in the Neolithic of Lameiras as well as Chalcolithic coastal sites contrasts with their abundance inland. Finds of Neolithic faunal remains from the interior are needed to understand the geographical pattern of wild vs. domestic livestock! Keywords: Ice Age, Neolithic, domestication, equids, aurochsen, goats, Portugal E3.5 | UNDERSTANDING NEOLITHIC LEPORID ACCUMULATIONS: THE EXAMPLES OF CADAVAL AND NOSSA SENHORA DAS LAPAS CAVES (TOMAR, MIDDLE TAGUS, PORTUGAL) Nelson J. Almeida [1,2], Palmira Saladié [3], Enrique Cerrillo Cuenca [4] & Luiz Oosterbeek [1,5]. Contact: [email protected] [1] QP-CGeo – Quaternary and Prehistory Group, Centro de Geociências/Geosciences Center, Universidade de Coimbra, PT. [2] ITM – Instituto Terra e Memória, Mação, PT. [3] IPHES – Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social, Tarragona, ES. URV – Area de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, ES. [4] Independent Researcher. [5] IPT – Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, PT.

The study of leporid accumulations has been widely developed in the last decades. Actualistic research allowed for a better understanding of direct and indirect indicators of leporid accumulations by humans, different mammals and raptors. Western Europe archaeological records are rich in leporid accumulations of anthropic and other origins (intrusive and exogenous). Cadaval and Nossa Senhora das Lapas caves are located in the Portuguese Middle Tagus, near Tomar, central Portugal. Cadaval layer D corresponds to the regional Middle Neolithic while layer C is of Middle/Late Neolithic chronology. Nossa Senhora das Lapas presents disturbed deposits that led to the necessity of studying the materials as if they corresponded to a single context. Materials are mainly of Early and Middle Neolithic chronologies but some Bell Beaker artifacts were also recovered. The archaeofaunal spectrum is dominated by leporids, the majority of which are Oryctolagus cuniculus. Leporids representativeness is lower in Cadaval layer D (NISP 57), compared to Cadaval layer C (NISP 111) and Nossa Senhora das Lapas (NISP 425). Among macrofauna, some carnivores were identified. Results indicate that these accumulations are a mixture of ingested and non-ingested remains of intrusive and exogenous origin, being human influence analytically invisible.



Comparison with actualistic data and other southwestern Iberian Holocene leporid accumulations studied with similar analytical protocols is suggestive of an important influence by Vulpes vulpes; a smaller influence by other agents cannot be discarded, namely Meles meles and Bubo bubo. A multiple correspondence analysis taking into account these accumulations and actualistic data indicates high similarities among studied assemblages, and also suggests similarities between them and actualistic ingested and non-ingested Vulpes vulpes accumulations with the relative abundance of tooth marks being the main variable. Keywords: taphonomy, leporid accumulations, Central Portugal, Neolithic, Cadaval, Nossa Senhora das Lapas

EZI – SESSION 4. MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS IN (IBERIAN) ZOOARCHAEOLOGY E4.1 | ORLANDO RIBEIRO’S WORK ON THE PASTORALISM OF CENTRAL-NORTHERN PORTUGAL: GUIDELINES FOR A RESEARCH PROJECT ON ETHNO-HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY António Faustino Carvalho [1] & Catarina Tente [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT. [2] Universidade Nova de Lisboa, PT. With very few exceptions, the use of ethnographic data as a framework for archaeological research in Portugal has been largely ignored. One of the reasons may lie in the relatively limited chronological significance of the available ethnographic records, which can hardly be applied to historical periods prior to the Middle Ages. However, the systematic work on the traditional forms of transhumant pastoralism in the northern-central mountains of Portugal by Orlando Ribeiro (1911–1997) provides an incomparable ethnohistorical account of those practices before their collapse by the end of the 20th century. The abundant collection of field observations and documental research published by this geographer, either in broad-scale syntheses (Ribeiro, 1945, 1968) or in specific studies (Daveau and Ribeiro, 1978; Ribeiro, 1939, 1941, 1948; Ribeiro and Santos, 1949), merged with ongoing archaeological and zooarchaeological research on the mountain ranges of central Portugal—the Montejunto–Estrela mountain chain—, may shed far-reaching light on the long history of stock-keeping in this vast region of South-West Europe. Indeed, just to mention the most well-studied ethno-historical case, the Estrela Mountain, recently-acquired zooarchaeological data seems to suggest that transhumance was of Post-Neolithic age (Carvalho et al., in press) and may have assumed a bipolar, seasonally-based practice in the Early Middle Ages (Fernández-Mier and Tente, in press). Clearly, further fieldwork is needed to develop these first insights and to investigate periods (Protohistory, Roman) for which zooarchaeological data completely lacks. Some of the variables studied by Orlando Ribeiro, serving as research guide-lines for future projects, will be crucial for such purposes. Those are the cases, among others, of settlement sizes and duration (permanent, annual or seasonal), the communities’ social organization (nuclear or extensive families, individual or group mobility), the transhumant itineraries and ranges, and particular stock-keeping practices. Keywords: Orlando Ribeiro, transhumance, Northern Portugal, Neolithic, Middle Ages References: Carvalho, A.F., Pereira, V., Duarte, C., Tente, C., in press. Neolithic archaeology at the Penedo dos Mouros Rock-shelter (Gouveia, Portugal): oldest evidence for herding practices in the Estrela mountain range. Zephyrus. Daveaus, S., Ribeiro, O., 1978. L'occupation humaine de la Serra da Estrela. Études géographiques offertes à Louis Papy. Bordeaux, pp. 263–276. Fernández-Mier, M., Tente, C., in press. Transhumant herding systems in Iberia, in: Costello, E., Svensson, E. (Eds.), Historical archaeologies of transhumance across Europe. Routledge, London. Ribeiro, O., 1939. Brandas e inverneiras em Castro Laboreiro. Revista da Faculdade de Ciências VI, 1-2, 297–301. Ribeiro, O., 1941. Contribuição para o estudo do pastoreio na Serra da Estrêla. Revista da Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa IV, 1-2, 213–303. Ribeiro, O., 1945. Portugal, o Mediterrâneo e o Atlântico. Sá da Costa, Lisbon. Ribeiro, O., 1948. Notícia do pastoreio na Serra do Montemuro. Miscelânea de Estudos à Memória de Cláudio Basto. Porto, pp. 333–339. Ribeiro, O., 1968. Mediterrâneo. Ambiente e tradição. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon. Ribeiro, O., Santos, M.A.P., 1949. Montanhas pastoris de Portugal. Compte Rendu du XVIe Congrès International de Géographie. Travaux de la Section IV, vol. III. Union Géographique International, Lisbon, pp. 59–69. E4.2 | AMONG POULTRY PENS, CAGES AND DOVECOTES! ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC NOTES ON DOMESTIC BIRDS IN PORTUGAL Carlos Pimenta [1], Marta Moreno García [2] & Ana Lourenço [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratório de Arqueociências, Direção Geral do Património Cultural, Lisboa, PT. EnvArch/CIBIO/InBIO, PT. [2] Instituto de Historia, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, CSIC – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ES. [3] Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, PT.

Following our review on the Portuguese ornitho-archaeological record (Pimenta et al., 2015), we aim to have a closer look at the role played by the main domestic birds in the past. Meat, eggs, feathers, dung were (and are) resources highly valued. Domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), all species of the Galliformes Order, disinclined to fly and native to long distance continents, were introduced into Europe at different time periods by the hand of people. Geese (Anser anser) and domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) belonging to the Anseriformes Order come from snowbirds, seasonal migrants from the north. The domestic pigeons (Order Columbiformes) which in present day cities nearly constitute a plague, have the Rock dove (Columba livia), a resident species, as their wild ancestor. Notwithstanding, the original aims pursued by different cultures while controlling the life cycles of some avian species were probably diverse and lie beyond their dietary value. In some cases, the exploitation of behavioural traits might be



the origin of cultural traditions which have been kept alive until recently. Among others falconry, cock fighting, pigeon post or the corvids that lived in the charcoal kilns of Lisbon up until mid the last century!

• What are the cultural and economic implications these species had here? • What does the archaeozoological record tell us about them? • Which are the consequences of the artificial selection and the difficulties one can find when trying to identifying

osteological remains from the past? • Which are the oldest practices one can detect in the ethnographic record?

These are some of the issues we would like to discuss! Keywords: birds, domestication, archaeozoology, ornithoethnography, Portugal References: Pimenta, C., Moreno García, M., Lourenço, A. 2015. O registo ornito-arqueológico em Portugal: inventários, comentários e mapas. Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia 18, 289-312. E4.3 | DISTINCTIVE ARCHAEOFAUNA OCCURRENCES RECOVERED IN BRAZIL: IBERIAN CONTRIBUTION IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD Albérico Nogueira de Queiroz [1], Olivia Alexandre de Carvalho [1], Suely Gleyde Amancio Martinelli [2], Márcia Barbosa da Costa Guimarães [2] & Cristiana de Cerqueira Silva Santana [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratório de Bioarqueologia, Departamento de Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, BR. [2] Laboratório de Arqueologia da Paisagem e Identidade Cultural, Departamento de Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, BR. [2] Laboratório de Arqueologia e de Paleontologia, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, BR. In Brazil, there is still little information about the archaeofauna from archaeological sites during the four hundred years of the colonial period (the 16th century to the 19th century). Except for the recent contribution of Milheira et al. (2016), which records the occurrence of archaeofaunal remains of domesticated dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) at Rio Grande do Sul state, in pre-Columbian chronologies (between 1701 e 1526 cal BP (2σ), according to isotopic analysis), the main faunal archaeological remains recorded in several areas indicate a certain animal and taxonomic chronological dichotomy, although most of the prehistorical sites (pre-Columbian/pre-colonial) have indicated largely native faunal elements (medium and small mammals), whereas the sites of colonial period (also known in northeast of the country as historical sites) predominates domesticated animals, especially those of economic importance such as bovine (Bos taurus), swine (Sus scrofa), ovine (Ovis aries), caprine (Capra hircus) and equine animals, which were introduced by Portuguese settlers since the 16th century, mainly for breeding, food production, transportation, as well as the slaughtering techniques and meat preparation (Queiroz and Gomes, 2014), that resulted in significant changes in eating and social habits (Nobre, 2004 ). Keywords: distinctive archaeofauna, Brazil, Colonial period, Iberian contribution References: De Queiroz, A. N., Gomes, R. K. F., 2016. Slaughtering and meat preparation: a cultural issue - zooarqueology in Laranjeiras, Sergipe, Brazil. Abstracts/Libro de Resúmenes. 12th International Conference of Archaeozoology/12 da Conferencia Internacional de Arqueozoología ICAZ San Rafael, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Córdoba, pp. 47. Milheira, R. G., Loponte, D. M., Esponda, C. G., Acosta, A., Ulguim, P., 2016. The First Record of a Pre-Columbian Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) in Brazil. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. , DOI: 10.1002/oa.2546. Nobre, C. K., 2004. Projeto de salvamento arqueológico da zona urbana de Pelotas/RS: Catálogo do material arqueofaunístico do sítio Casa 8. Cadernos do LEPAARQ 1(1), 59-79. E4.4 | ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL STUDIES: NEW DATABASE AND METHOD BASE IN ALPHANUMERIC CODES Cristina Real [1], Juan Vicente Morales [1], Alfred Sanchis [2], Leopoldo Pérez [3,4], Manuel Pérez Ripoll [1] & Valentín Villaverde [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departament de Prehistòria i Arqueologia. Universitat de València. Valencia, ES. [2] Museu de Prehistòria de València. Servei d’Investigació Prehistòrica. Diputació de València, ES. [3] IPHES – Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social. Tarragona, ES. [4] Àrea de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, ES. The database is an important tool to collect all the necessary information by any archaeozoologist. However, the specialists don’t use a recurring methodology to describe the bones remains, and that complicates the possibility to compare the results from different sites. For these reasons, first, it is necessary to provide a complete and versatile database structure and secondly, employ a fast and objective methodology. In this case, we propose simplified method based on alphanumeric codes. We have designed four databases in FileMaker©, all of them interrelated and focused on a part of an archaeozoological study: 1) site data, taxonomy; 2) taphonomy modifications; 3) osteometry; 4) teeth analysis. Besides, for taphonomy modification we have created a compilation of alphanumeric codes that simplified and sum up the description of bone morphology, the origin and morphotypes of fractures and the localization of the taphonomic modifications. This new methodology has been applied to different samples. Some of them have an anthropological origin (Real. 2012, 2013; Morales, 2015), others are natural accumulations (Sanchis et al., 2014), and even mixed ones (Sanchis et al., 2013). In all cases we have aimed to contrast the results in an objective way, leaving the interpretation to the final step of the analysis. In order to achieve this objective, we should use the same methodology, one that facilitates the way we compile the data and the way we can share the information and compare it to different sites. Keywords: methodology, database, alphanumeric codes, archaeozoology References: Morales, J.V. 2015. Explotació dels mamífers i economia de les darreres comunitats caçadores - recollectores del vessant mediterrani ibèric durant la transició Tardiglacial – Holocé. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Valencia. Real, C., 2013. Procesado y consumo antrópico de la fauna magdaleniense de la Cova de les Cendres (Teulada-Moraira, Alicante), in: Sanchis A., Pascual, J. L. (Eds.) Animals i Arqueologia hui. I jornades d'Arqueozoologia del Museu de Prehistòria de València. València, Museu de Prehistòria de Valencia, pp. 95-108. Real, C., 2012. Aproximación metodológica y nuevos datos sobre los conjuntos arqueozoológicos del Magdaleniense superior de la Cova de les Cendres. Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina XXIX, 99-120. Sanchis, A., Real, C., Morales, J.V.,



Pérez Ripoll, M., Tormo, C., Carrión, Y., Pérez Jordá, G., Ribera, A., Bolufer, J., Villaverde, V., 2014. Towards the identification of a new taphonomic agent: An analysis of bone accumulations obtained from modern Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) nests. Quaternary International 330, 136-149. Sanchis, A., Morales, J.V., Real, C., Eixea, A., Zilhão, J. i Villaverde, V., 2013. Los conjuntos faunísticos del Paleolítico medio del Abrigo de la Quebrada (Chelva, Valencia): problemática de estudio, metodología aplicada y síntesis de los primeros resultados, in: Sanchis A., Pascual, J. L. (Eds.) Animals i Arqueologia hui. I jornades d'Arqueozoologia del Museu de Prehistòria de València. Museu de Prehistòria de Valencia, València, pp. 65-82. E4.5 | APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF THE CULINARY PRACTICES THROUGH THE BURNED BONES BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY FTIR–ATR Eloísa Ferratges [1], Carlos Tornero [2] & Maria Saña [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia, Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES. [2] IPHES – Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, ES. The field of the food preparation activities of Prehistoric times hasn’t been researched in deep. This study aims to investigate how some of the technical changes introduced in the Neolithic, i.e. pottery, could modify these activities. As the animal bones can be exposed to energetic heat during cooking, the study of the bones’ tissue modifications can provide information about the activities related to the food preparation (i.e. burnt, boiled, roasted). In this study; we investigate the burned faunal remains recovered in La Bauma del Serrat del Pont site, located in the North-east of the Iberian Peninsula (Mesolithic and Late Neolithic levels). Our study allows the identification and classification of the thermal alterations in different categories. These categories are based on macroscopic and microscopic criteria using data from experimental works developed by other researchers. Later, we applied Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR–ATR) analyses in the Servei d’Anàlisis Químiques of the Autonomous University of Barcelona, to better understand the changes occurred in the microscopic structure composition of the bones. These results are then confronted to our initial categories of burned bones. The results show a correlation between the macroscopic categories of thermal alteration and microscopic modifications observable with FTIR–ATR. The results obtained of FTIR–ATR also allow characterizing the bones exposed to fire at low intensity (boiled). Keywords: burned bones, FTIR–ATR, cooking techniques, archaeozoology



Thursday, April 27th

EZI – SESSION 5. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY FROM THE CHALCOLITIC TO THE IRON AGE E5.1 | A ZOOARCHEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE FROM THE MIDDLE CHALCOLITHIC SITE OF CASTRO DA COLUMBEIRA (BOMBARRAL, CENTRAL PORTUGAL): THE FAUNAL REMAINS FROM LAYER 2 Francisco Rosa Correia [1] & Maria João Valente [1,2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT. [2] CEAACP – Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, PT. In this paper, we aim to present the zooarchaeological study of the Middle Chalcolithic occupation at Castro da Columbeira (without Bell-Beaker culture; 3950±30 cal BP), a fortified site located in the middle Portuguese Estremadura. The fauna materials were recovered in layer 2, during the field seasons of 1992-1999, directed by João Ludgero Gonçalves. The faunal analyses (NISP 1100+) allowed the identification of a significant variety of animal species, where domestic animals are better represented than the wild ones. Caprines (sheep and/or goat) and swine emerge as the prevalent species, while cattle is significantly less represented. Other important animals are red deer and rabbit. A few carnivores, equids, fishes, birds and molluscs have also been identified. At the local scale, the results of this research reveal that the inhabitants of Castro da Columbeira practiced an agro-pastoral economy complemented by hunting activities. Mollusc gathering and fishing seem to have provided limited food resources. At the regional scale, this study reinforces herding, especially of sheep/goat and swine, as the main strategy for animal exploitation in the Portuguese Estremadura. However, hunting activities would have more impact in the subsistence strategies at Castro da Columbeira than in the settlements located in the lower region of Estremadura, such as Leceia, Penedo Lexim and Zambujal. Keywords: Portuguese Estremadura, zooarcheology, middle Chalcolithic, Castro da Columbeira, agro-pastoral economy E5.2 | ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CHALCOLITHIC CAUSEWAYED ENCLOSURE IN EL CASETÓN DE LA ERA (VALLADOLID, SPAIN): PRELIMINARY RESULTS María Carbajo-Arana [1], Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez [2], José Antonio Rodríguez-Marcos [3], Manuel Crespo-Díez [1], Raúl Martín-Vela [1] & Germán Delibes de Castro [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Antropología Social y Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas, Universidad de Valladolid, ES. [2] Área de Prehistoria, Universidad de León, ES. [3] Area de Prehistoria, Universidad de Burgos, ES. Since 2006 archaeological excavations carried out at El Casetón de la Era site (Villalba de los Alcores, Valladolid) have documented, among other materials, a large number of faunal remains. El Casetón de la Era (Delibes de Castro et al., 2016) is an archaeological site that reveals a Pre-Beaker Copper Age occupation in which a series of negative structures (ditches and pits) have been documented. At the same site, several pits have been also identified and attributed to a later occupation during the Bronze Age. The main Pre-Beaker Copper Age structures relate this site to what is known as causewayed enclosures (three concentric ditches), turning this place into a landmark for the study and understanding of enclosures, whose significance is yet rather unclear. Preliminary zooarchaeological results are presented in this article with the aim of providing information in order to understand the significance of enclosures. The archaeological record shows the predominance of domestic animals, especially sheep, goats, cattle and pigs. Dogs have been also documented, although their presence is reduced. Wild fauna has a lower presence in absolute figures; however, meat values are quite relevant as a food source. The main savage species documented are aurochs, horses, deer, foxes, hares and rabbits. No evidence of fish consumption has been detected. Nevertheless, a scarce group of bivalve shells might indicate the use of these resources as food, though there is still an ongoing debate about this. Keywords: zooarchaeology, causewayed enclosure, Pre-Beaker Copper Age, husbandry, hunting, Duero valley References: Delibes de Castro, G., Crespo Díez, M., Rodríguez Marcos, J. A., 2016. Anatomía de un recinto de fosos calcolítico del valle medio del Duero: el Casetón de la Era (Villalba de los Alcores, Valladolid), in: Bonet Rosado, H. (Ed.), Del neolític a l’edat del bronze en el Mediterrani occidental. Estudis en homenatge a Bernat Martí Oliver. Diputación de Valencia, Valencia, Trabajos Varios SIP 119, pp. 387-401. E5.3 | ISOTOPIC ANALYSES OF CATTLE FROM ZAMBUJAL AND LECEIA: NEW INSIGHTS INTO ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICES IN CHALCOLITHIC PORTUGAL Lizzie Wright [1], Anna J. Waterman [2], Michael Kunst [3], João Luís Cardoso [4], Robert H Tykot [5] & David W. Peate [6]. Contact: [email protected] [1] University of Sheffield, UK. [2] Mount Mercy University, US. [3] German Archaeological Institute, Madrid, ES. [4] Centro de Estudos Arqueológicos, Munícipio de Oeiras, PT. [5] University of South Florida, US. [6] University of Iowa, US. The Portuguese Chalcolithic (c. 3500-2000 BC) was a time of significant social and economic changes, including the expansion of complex settlements and exchange networks. Animals played an important role in these transforming economies, and numerous zooarchaeological studies have explored animal husbandry practices at settlement sites



from this period (e.g. von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1976; Cardoso and Detry, 2002; Davis and Mataloto, 2012, Moreno-Garcia and Sousa, 2013). As a complement to zooarchaeological study, stable isotope analysis has the potential to expand our knowledge of animal husbandry practices, such as animal mobility, using strontium isotopes in tooth enamel (e.g. Beard and Johnson, 2000), and diet, using carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in bone collagen (e.g. Waterman et al., 2016). However, thus far, isotope work on animal remains from Chalcolithic Portugal is limited, and this avenue of study offers great potential for expanding our understanding of animal husbandry at this time. This paper outlines the results of new isotopic analyses on diet (δ13Cco, δ15N, δ18O and δ13Cap) and mobility (87Sr/86Sr) from cattle recovered from the fortified settlement sites of Zambujal and Leceia (Estremadura). Early results indicate that cattle from Leceia may have had a more varied diet than those at Zambujal, and also that the cattle population at Leceia may have contained more non-local animals, potentially brought to the site from other settlements. These results have large implications for our understanding of animal management at Portuguese Chalcolithic sites, and the involvement of animals in the emerging exchange networks of the time. Keywords: cattle, stable isotopes, Chalcolithic, mobility, diet, Zambujal, Leceia, Estremadura References: Beard, B.L., Johnson, C.M. 2000. Strontium isotope composition of skeletal material can determine the birth place and geographic mobility of humans and animals. Journal of Forensic Sciences 45(5), 1049–1061. Cardoso, J.L., Detry, C., 2002. Estudo arqueozoológico dos restos de ungulados do povoado pré �histórico de Leceia (oeiras). Estudos Arqueológicos de Oeiras 10, 131–182. Davis, S., Mataloto, R. 2012. Animal remains from Chalcolithic São Pedro (Redondo, Alentejo): evidence for a crisis in the Mesoltihic. Revista Portuguea de Arqueologia 15, 47–85. von den Driesch, A., Boessneck, J. 1976. Die Fauna vom Castro do Zambujal (Fundmaterial der Grabungen von 1966 bis 1973 mit Ausnahme der Zwingerfunde). In Studien über frühe Tierknochenfunde von der Iberischen Halbinsel 5. München, Madrid: Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin der Universität München. Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Abteilung Madrid, pp. 4–129. Moreno-García, M., Sousa, A. C. 2013. A exploração de recursos Final, faunísticos no Penedo do Lexim (Mafra) durante no Neolítico Final, in Gonçalves, V.G., Diniz, M., Sousa, A.C. (Eds.), 5° Congresso do Neolítico Peninsular. Câmara Municipal de Cascais, Cascais, pp. 67–76. Waterman, A.J., Lillios, K.T., Tykot, R.H., Kunst, M. 2016. Environmental change and economic practices between the third and second millennia BC using isotope analyses of ovicaprid remains from the archeological site of Zambujal (Torres Vedras), Portugal. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 5, 181–189. E5.4 | BONES INTO THE DITCH. ANIMAL REMAINS IN LA MINILLA (LA RAMBLA, ANDALUSIA), A COPPER AGE DITCH ENCLOSURE IN THE MIDDLE GUADALQUIVIR VALLEY Rafael M. Martínez Sánchez [1] & Dolores Ruiz Lara [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología. Universidad de Granada, ES. [2] Oficina de Arqueología, Gerencia de Urbanismo, Ayuntamiento de Córdoba, ES. In this work, we present for the first time the results of the study of faunal remains from La Minilla, one of the few chalcolithic ditched-enclosures located to date in the Middle Guadalquivir River. This site is known as a result of several archaeological works carried out in the 1980’s (Ruiz Lara, 1987, 1991). Located beside the municipality of La Rambla (Córdoba, Spain), this archaeological site was revealed following the discovery of a Bell-Beaker deposit that likely came from a burial context (Ruiz Lara, 1985). Until today the discovered structures consist of ditch structures (A, Z-1, Z-2), two of them reaching up to three meters deep. In several layers excavated at that time, abundant animal remains were discovered, mostly from domesticated animals and in many cases partially articulated, which we have studied recently. Among them, pig remains are the most abundant, followed by cattle and domestic caprines. Wild taxa are also well represented, like red deer and aurochs, and some bird species like great bustard and barn owl. While pottery was signified by various forms, from carinated bowls to Bell-Beaker vessels (within a chronological South-Iberian Chalcolithic wide range), radiocarbon dating taken on faunal remains show a time-frame of mid-third millennium cal BC, coinciding with a wide emergence of ditch-enclosure settlements in the South Iberian Chalcolithic (Balsera Nieto et al., 2015). Keywords: faunal remains, Chalcolithic, Guadalquivir Valley, ditches enclosures References: Balsera Nieto, V., Bernabeu Aubán, J., Costa-Caramé, M., Díaz-del-Río, P., García Sanjuán, L. Pardo, S., 2015. The radiocarbon chronology of Southern Spain´s Late Prehistory (5600-1000 Cal BC): a comparative review. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 34(2), 156-215. Ruiz Lara, D., 1985. La Cultura del Vaso Campaniforme en la Campiña de Córdoba: El hallazgo de la Rambla. Corduba Archaeologica 15, 15-30. Ruiz Lara, D., 1987. Excavación Arqueológica de Urgencia en "La Minilla" (La Rambla, Córdoba). Anuario Arqueológico de Andalucía 1986(II), 124-126. Ruiz Lara, D., 1991. Excavación arqueológica de urgencia en la Minilla (La Rambla, Córdoba). Campaña de 1989. Anuario Arqueológico de Andalucía 1989(II), 157-162. E5.5 | EXPLORING ANIMAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE ARGARIC SOCIETY (2200-1550 CAL BC) IN SOUTH-EASTERN IBERIA THROUGH OSTEOMETRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MAIN DOMESTIC AND WILD SPECIES Lourdes Andúgar Martínez [1] & Maria Saña [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia, Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES. Changes in size of domestic animals can be related to environment and selective anthropic pressures linked to their husbandry. We discuss in this communication the results obtained with the evaluation of size variability in animal species during the Bronze Age in South-eastern Iberia. The aim is to infer the management strategies of these species. The analyzed sample contemplates the main domestic and wild species documented in the argaric archaeological sites of La Bastida (Murcia) and Gatas (Almeria), as well as others from 19th century excavations at El Argar and El Oficio dated between 2200-1550 cal BC. The study is based on statistical analyses of biometrical data using log ratio technique in order to compare synchronically and diachronically the samples. Multivariate test has been applied to assess the data integrally. The obtained results reveal different dynamics between domestic species, documenting a gradual increase in size of Bos taurus, Ovis aries and Capra hircus; while in the wild population, as Cervus elaphus, keep its size. The range of variability in each species also differs. Considering that size variability reflects environmental or social pressures, we relate the data with climatic conditions, slaughtering patterns, sexual dimorphism, alimentation



and mobility patterns. Differences in production, selection mechanisms and control of each species are evaluated according to the increases and decreases in documented size. Finally, we relate these changes with economic and social dynamics of argaric societies in Southeastern Iberia. Keywords: Argaric Bronze Age, South-eastern Iberia, La Bastida, osteometric analysis, husbandry References: Meadow, R., 1999. The use of size index scaling techniques for research on archaeological collections from the Middle East. En Becker, C., Manhart, H., Peters, J. y Schribler, J. (Eds.) Historia Animalium ex Ossibus: festschrift fur Angela von den Driesch. Rahden/Westf: Verlag Marie Leidorf GMBH. Simpson, G. G., 1941. Large Pleistocene Felines of North America. American Museum Novitates 1136, 1-27. Uerpman, H.-P., 1979. Probleme der Neolithisierung des Mittelmeerraums. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients: Beihefte: Reihe B, 28. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert. E5.6 | PRELIMINARY STUDY OF FAUNAL REMAINS FROM A RUBBISH PIT OF LAS COGOTAS (CARDEÑOSA, ÁVILA, ESPAÑA) Elena López-Romero González de la Aleja [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Instituto de Historia, CSIC, Madrid, ES. This work aims to make a first approach to the study of faunal remains of a rubbish pit from the Vettonian site of Las Cogotas (Cardeñosa, Ávila, Spain). In particular, the analysis focuses on the culling profiles of the main domestic taxa represented in the assemblage. The dominance of senile individuals stands out. This pattern suggests that the use of the so-called secondary products such as milk, wool, traction force and manure, played a key role in the local economy. In addition, comparison of these data with contemporary samples of the same geographical area will help to assess potential modes of livestock management and different production systems. Keywords: Vettons, Iron Age, faunal remains, trash pit, Northern Spanish Meseta

E5.7 | THE PRESENCE OF THE GENUS EQUUS FROM THE UPPER PALAEOLITHIC TO THE BRONZE AGE IN THE SOUTH OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA Eloísa Bernáldez-Sánchez [1], Esteban García-Viñas [2], Fernando Sanguino-González [2] & Jennifer A. Leonard [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratorio de Paleontología y Paleobiología del Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, ES. [2] Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, ES. [3] Conservación de la Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, Sevilla, ES. To understand the evolution, taxonomy and genetic diversity is necessary to study equine remains from three main shelters European glaciers (Oakenfull et al., 2000): the Iberian, Italic and Balkan peninsulas. Among them, the Iberian Peninsula, especially the south, has become a key place for many wildlife species, both plant and animal; due to its geographical position, climate characteristics and orographic diversity. Crees and Turvey (2014) note that data of horses from the South of the Iberian Peninsula are very necessary to understand their evolution in Europe, in fact some researchers think that could happen an independent domestication event of horses in this area (Vega-Pla et al., 2006). Nevertheless, Crees and Turvey (2014) also note that the available data from this area are nowadays scarce and probably wrong, citing in their paper only two Andalusian deposits while Morales et al. (1996) mentioned the presence of horses in 22 archaeological sites. These authors also mentioned the same difficulties to find data not only by the lack of information, but also access to it. The main objective of this work is to fill the gap of palaeobiological information about genus Equus in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, addressing three specific objectives: 1) To assess the state of question regarding the four species mentioned in the Andalusian record and its evolution during the Recent Prehistory. 2) Develop the spatio-temporal distribution of these horses from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age (45000-3200 years). We use 108 strata belong to 72 archaeological sites from Upper Palaeolithic to Bronze Age. 3) Analyze biometrically of 244 bones of four species of equids from Copper Age to present-day listed as an initial estimate of the size of these horses over time in Andalusia. Keywords: paleodistribution, horses, biometric, equids References: Crees, J.J., Turvey, S.T., 2014. Holocene extinction dynamics of Equus hydruntinus, a late-surviving European megafaunal mammal. Quaternary Science Reviews 91, 16-29. Morales, A., Albertini, D., Blasco, F., Cardoso, J.L., Castaños, P.M., Liesau, C., Montero, S., Nadal, J., Nicolás, E., Pérez, M., Pino, B., Riquelme, J.A., 1996. A preliminary catalogue of Holocene equids from the Iberian Peninsula. Proceedings of the XIII Congress of the International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences. Forlì, Italia, pp. 65-81. Oakenfull, E.A., Lim, H.N., Ryder, O.A., 2000. A survey of equid mitochondrial DNA: Implications for the evolution, genetic diversity and conservation of Equus. Conservation Genetics 1, 341-355. Vega-Pla, J.L., Calderón, J., Rodríguez-Gallardo, P.P., Martínez, A.M., Rico, C., 2006. Saving feral horse populations: does it really matter? A case study of wild horses from Doñana National Park in southern Spain. Animal Genetics 37, 571-578.



EZI – SESSION 6. FUNERARY PRACTICES & ZOOARCHAEOLOGY FROM LATE PREHISTORY TO THE IRON AGE E6.1 | BONE TOOLS UNEARTHED IN THE LATE PREHISTORIC CAVE OF LORGA DINE (VINHAIS, NORTHEAST PORTUGAL) Ana M. S. Bettencourt [1], Maria de Jesus Sanches [2], Cláudia Costa [3], Hugo A. Sampaio [1,4], João P. Cunha-Ribeiro [5] & Mário Brito�[6]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratório de Paisagens, Património e Território – Lab2PT. Departamento de História, Universidade do Minho, PT. [2] Centro de Investigação Transdisciplinar Cultura Espaço e Memória – CITCEM; Faculdade de Letras, Universidade do Porto, PT. [3] ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour. Universidade do Algarve, PT. [4] Departamento de Turismo e Marketing do Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave, PT. [5] UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa. Universidade de Lisboa, PT. [6] Direção Regional de Cultura Norte, PT.

Lorga de Dine cave, municipality of Vinhais, Bragança district, Northeast of Portugal, was excavated in many campaigns in the 1960s and 1980s, although the results never were published. These archaeological interventions provided large assets from Chalcolithic to Bronze Age. During fieldwork was possible to observe that the cave was used as a necropolis, although other uses should not be excluded. The objective of this work is to present the set of bone tools including the bone characterization on which tools were made, the species identification, typology and the reconstitution of the operational sequence. In addition, radiocarbon dating will be presented allowing the chrono-cultural integration of those tools. Keywords: Northern Portugal, cave, bone tools, operational sequence, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age E6.2 | SPOT THE DIFFERENCE: LOOKING FOR DOG VARIABILITY IN IBERIAN LATE PREHISTORY Arantxa Daza Perea [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES. Ayuda del Programa para la Formación de Personal Investigador en el marco del Subprograma FPI del MINECO (BES-2012-056461), ES. The presence of dog remains in Iberian archaeological sites from the end of the 4th millennia until the 2nd millennia BC are occasionally documented. They have been retrieved in consumption or refuse assemblages, but dog deposits accompanying human burials or else conforming structured deposits characterize some of these sites (Márquez, 2001; García-Moncó, 2005: 277-290; Liesau, 2012). The aim of this study is to examine if specific morphologies were preferentially selected in these last contexts in contrast to the specimens found in mixed refuse contexts. We analyzed throughout conventional osteometry and geometric morphometrics canid mandibles from different Iberian sites and comparative reference collections. The latter is also aimed at providing a taxonomic discrimination between canid species. The results from this analysis seem to support geometric morphometrics as a useful tool to discriminate population variability by detecting subtle morphological changes within a presumed homogeneous population of canids. This would allow to morphologically characterize dogs beyond the use of osteometric indexes thus far conventionally used. Keywords: dog deposits, end 4th-2nd millennia BC, osteometry, geometric morphometrics, Iberian Peninsula References: García-Moncó, C., 2005. El perro en la Prehistoria de la Península Ibérica. Estudio crítico de la documentación arqueozoológica anterior al Calcolítico en su contexto euroasiático. Trabajo de Investigación de Tercer Ciclo. Universidad de Cantabria, pp. 277-290. Liesau, C., 2012. Depósitos con ofrendas de animales en yacimientos Cogotas I: antecedentes y características, in: J. A. Rodríguez Marcos, J. Fernández Manzano (Ed.) . Cogotas I: una cultura de la Edad del Bronce en la Península Ibérica. Universidad de Valladolid, Secretariado de Publicaciones e Intercambio Editorial, pp. 219-258. Márquez, J. E., 2001. De los campos de silos a los agujeros negros: sobre fosas, depósitos y zanjas en la Prehistoria Reciente del Sur de la Península Ibérica. SPAL, Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla 10, 207-220. E6.3 | CHALCOLITHIC CANID BURIALS AT CABEZO DEL MORO 3 (BEAS, HUELVA) Ana Pajuelo Pando [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Grupo de Investigación TELLUS. Prehistoria y Arqueología en el Sur de Iberia (HUM-949). Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología. Universidad de Sevilla, ES. The Cabezo del Moro 3 archaeological site was identified during the archaeological monitoring of works related to the construction of a stretch of the N-4235 road, linking the localities of Beas and Trigueros (Huelva, Spain). The site features 43 negative circular structures, dug into the bedrock. In chronological terms, and according to the recovered pottery types, the site should be ascribed to Initial Chalcolithic, with some residual Neolithic elements. This paper concerns two of the 43 identified structures, namely structures 16 and 41. Number 16 is a circular negative structure with a bell-shaped section, measuring (at the top) 1,56 meters from N to S and 1,6 meters from E to W, with a depth of 0,86 meters deep. Remains of a Canis familiaris were excavated here, close to the western side of the wall. Number 41 is also a circular negative structure with a bell-shaped section, measuring (at the top) 1,18 meters from N to S and 1,2 meters from E to W, with a depth of 0,9 meters. The excavated deposit contained abundant handmade pottery and a sizeable faunal assemblage, including mammals (horse, cattle and sheep/goat) and molluscs (mainly clams, with a large number of complete shells). Inside the latter (41), three canids were placed close to the structure’s walls, one on the western area and two towards the eastern side of the wall. One individual was placed in right lateral decubitus while the other two were placed in left lateral decubitus; in all three cases the limbs were flexed. Therefore, these are three deliberate canid burials. Their distribution seems to reflect a purposeful arrangement, whereby two individuals are facing the third one.



The author wishes to highlight the inhumation of these three dogs as a relevant fact. Canid burial or ritualized deposition is a known practice, identified at diverse prehistoric sites from Southern and Central Iberian Peninsula, such as Camino de las Yeseras (Daza, 2011), La Huelga (Liesau et al., 2014), Lloma de Betxí (Sanchis and Sarrión, 2004), Horta da Morgadinha 2 (Gomes et al., 2013), Quinta do Almaraz (Correia, 2015), Polideportivo de Martos (Cámara et al., 2012) and Valencina de la Concepción (Ruiz, 1999). Thus, this new Chalcolithic site is an important discovery, as it features the first known case of canid burials in the province of Huelva. Keywords: Chalcolithic, Canis familiaris, burial, pits, Beas (Huelva), Andalucía References: Cámara Serrano, J.A., Riquelme Cantal, J.A., Pérez Bareas, C., Lizcano Prestel, R., Burgos Juárez, A., Torres Torres, F., 2012 Sacrificio de animales y ritual en el Polideportivo de Martos-La Alberquilla (Martos, Jaén). Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Granada 20, 295-327. Correia, F., 2015. Enterramento de Cães na Quinta do Almaraz (Almada, Portugal), in: Branco, G., Rocha, L., Duarte, C., Oliveira, J., Bueno Ramírez, P. (Eds.), Arqueologia de Transição: O Mundo Funerário. Actas do II Congresso Internacional Sobre Arqueologia de Transição (29 de Abril a 1 de Maio 2013). Évora, CHAIA, pp. 113-124. Daza Perea, A., 2011. Los depósitos de perros. En Yacimientos calcolíticos con campaniforme de la Región de Madrid: nuevos estudios. Madrid, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, pp. 211-222. Gomes, S. G., Baptista, L., Oliveira, L., 2013. Práticas de inumação e práticas de construção em Horta da Morgadinha 2 (Salvador, Serpa), in: Jiménez Avila, J., Bustamante-Álvarez, M., García Cabezas, M., (Eds.), VI Encuentro de Arqueologi ́a del Suroeste Peninsular. Villafranca de los Barros, Ayuntamiento de Villafranca de los Barros, pp. 709–732. Liesau Von Lettow-Vorbeck, C., Esparza Arroyo, Ã., Sãnchez Polo, A. 2014. ¿Huesos En La Basura O Depósito Ritualizado? Los Perros Descuartizados De La Huelga (Dueñas, Palencia). Zephyrvs 74, 89-115. Ruíz, M. T. (1999): “Excavación arqueológica de urgencia en el “Mirador de Itálica”. Valencina de la Concepción. Sevilla”. Anuario Arqueológico de Andalucía 1994. Tomo III Actividades de Urgencia, pp. 511-516. Dirección General de Bienes Culturales. Junta de Andalucía. Sevilla. Sanchi ́s, A., Sarrio ́n, I., 2004. Restos de ca ́nidos (Canis familiaris ssp.) en yacimientos valencianos de la Edad del Bronce. Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina, 25. 161-198. E6.4 | THE CHILD, THE DOG AND THE RAVEN: A SINGULAR BRONZE AGE BURIAL FROM CAMINO DE LAS YESERAS (MADRID)

[1] Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES. [2] LAZ-UAM – Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES. [3] Ayuda del Programa para la Formación de Personal Investigador – Subprograma FPI del MINECO (BES-2012-056461) ES. [4] BioArCh-Department of Archaeology. University of York, UK. [5] Argea Consultores S.L. Madrid, ES. [6] Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC–UAM). Animal deposits as complex symbolic items during the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC have been recently brought into light in the Iberian Peninsula (Márquez, 2006; Liesau, 2012). These have been documented in the site of Camino de las Yeseras as items within human burials but also as singular deposits of complete animals or partial body parts placed strategically in pits and ditches, revealing the important role of animals in the symbolic world of these prehistoric societies (Blasco et al., 2011; Liesau et al., 2013; Daza, 2015). We present an exceptional Bronze Age child burial in a pit with an extraordinary faunal assemblage. Complete specimens of one dog and one raven were accompanying the child, both with pathologies which could have required human care for the survival of these animals, reflecting a presumably close link with the child as putative pets. Additionally, the placement of the dog and the raven with respect to the infant reveal a peculiar burial sequence. Other scattered faunal remains, pottery and lithic artefacts retrieved in the tomb provide further information about the funerary ritual of this burial. Keywords: child burial, Bronze Age, Protocogotas, Iberian Peninsula, Madrid, faunal offerings References: Blasco, C., Liesau, C., Rios, P., 2011. Yacimientos calcolíticos con Campaniforme de la región de Madrid: nuevos estudios. Patrimonio Arqueológico de Madrid, 6. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Daza, A., 2015. La fauna en el Calcolítico de la Región de Madrid: Los depósitos de canes. Másteres de la UAM. Año Académico 2011-2012 (Colección de Trabajos Fin de Máster para publicación digital), UAM Ediciones. Liesau, C., 2012. Depósitos con ofrendas de animales en yacimientos Cogotas I: antecedentes y características, In: J. A. Rodríguez Marcos, J. Fernández Manzano (Eds.) (2012). Cogotas I: una cultura de la Edad del Bronce en la Península Ibérica. Universidad de Valladolid, Secretariado de Publicaciones e Intercambio Editorial, pp. 219-258. Liesau, C., Daza, A., Llorente, L., Morales, A., 2013. More questions than answers: the singular animal deposits from Camino de Las Yeseras (Chalcolithic, Madrid, Spain). Anthropozoologica 48(2), 277-286. Márquez, J.E., 2006. Sobre los depósitos estructurados de animales en yacimientos de fosos del Sur de la Península Ibérica, in: N. Ferreira Bicho (Ed.). Animais na Pré-história e Arqueologia da Península Ibérica, Actas do IV Congreso de Arqueologia Peninsular, Faro, 14-19 Setembro de 2004. Promontoria Monográfica, 03. Centro de Estudos de Património, Departamento de História, Arqueologia e Património (Universidad do Algarve), pp. 15-25. E6.5 | ANIMAL OFFERINGS ON THE 5TH & 4TH CENTURIES BC IN NE IBERIAN PENINSULA: THE EXAMPLE OF THE NECROPOLIS OF SERRA DE DARÓ (ULLASTRET, GIRONA) Violeta Novella Dalmau [1], Irene Sanchez [1], Ferran Codina [2], Aurora Martin [3], Gabriel de Prado [2] & Maria Saña [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratori d'Arqueozoologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, ES. [2] Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Ullastret, Ullastret, Girona, ES.

The zooarchaeological analyses carried out of the 590 faunal remains found at the Iberian necropolis of Serra de Daró (Ullastret, Girona), dating around the 450-330/325 BC, bring us knowledge about the animals’ use and their ritual treatment during this chronology in the funerary contexts. This data gives us the possibility to understand some issues of economic and symbolic significance of the animal species in the Iberian societies. The necropolis of Serra de Daró consists of 83 human burials and a series of specific intentional depositions, some of them composed principally of faunal remains. Just 27 burials are associated with faunal remains. Their study has focused on determining the bone sample variability by taking into account the species and the anatomical elements represented, their age and sex and the physical characteristics of the animals.

Corina Liesau [1,2], Arantxa Daza Perea [1, 3], Concepción Blasco [1], Laura Llorente Rodríguez [2,4], Patricia Ríos [1], Jorge Vega [5], Roberto Menduiña [5], Maria Chorro [6] & Arturo Morales Muñiz [4]. Contact: [email protected]



At a qualitative level, the cut marks, the thermal modifications and the fracture patterns are considered as well. The taphonomic evaluation and the anatomical refitting of the bone elements have been crucial in order to interpret whether if the faunal remains are food offerings or not. All this information has been correlated with both the anthropological and the spatial data, considering the burial features and other associated grave goods. The results show a high degree of variability, with no standardized rules. The domestic species, and the ovicaprines in particular, are the most represented ones. All the anatomical portions are present and are distributed differentially between the burials. As for the specific bone depositions, we highlight a concentration of 54 knuckle-bones. Most of them present traces of alteration as a result of an intentional manufacture. The presence of this bone is documented in an important number of archaeological contexts around the Mediterranean area since the Prehistory to the medieval times. We discuss all this data according to the current state of knowledge about the animal ritual practices in the Iberian societies, comparing the Serra de Daró faunal assemblage with others recovered in coetaneous settlements not related with funerary use in the same area. Keywords: NE Iberian Peninsula, Iberian necropolis, burial practices, animal offerings, 5th Century BC, 4th Century BC, Ullastret

EZI – SESSION 7. ANIMAL MANAGEMENT DURING THE ROMAN PERIOD AND LATE ANTIQUITY E7.1 | STUDY OF THE MANAGEMENT OF SHEEP HERDS AND EXPLOITATION OF THE LANDSCAPE ON AN ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT IN THE NORTHEAST OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA DURING THE EARLY ROMAN PERIOD: A DENTAL MICROWEAR APPROACH Abel Gallego [1], Lídia Colominas [1], Florent Rivals [2] & Josep Maria Palet [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Institut Català d'Arqueologia Clàssica, Tarragona, ES. [2] ICREA – Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats. IPHES – Intitut Català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social, Barcelona, ES. With this communication, we want to contribute to the discussion on the relationship between animal husbandry, diet and environment and therefore, about the specialization of livestock during the Early Roman period. There is no information available about this topic, because Roman authors only wrote some general remarks about the ideal animal diet and husbandry. To investigate this topic, we use a zooarchaeological approach through the application of dental microwear analysis i.e., the observation and quantification of microscopic scars produced on the occlusal surface of teeth during chewing (Mainland, 1998; Rieau, 2014; Rivals, 2015; Solounias and Semprebon, 2002). This approach will allow us to provide information about the latest food intakes of these herds during the days before they were slaughtered. With these data we are able to infer what kind of environment was exploited for that purpose, and therefore, if there was a strategy of Roman communities to adapt management of domestic animals to the vegetal resources. Tooth remains of sheep are being studied from different archaeological sites located on an altitudinal gradient at high and middle mountains and adjacent sectors within the Eastern Pyrenees (Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula). These different environments can be classified as high-mountain (more than 1200 m), mid-mountain (between 200 and 600 m) and coastal plain (up to 200 m). Currently we studied teeth from a high-mountain site – the city of Iulia Libica –, a mid-mountain site – the rural site of Can Rubió – and three coastal plan sites, the city of Empúries and the villae of Mas Gusó and Tolegassos. The results allow us to know if there was a management of the herds just with an exploitation of the surrounding environment, different in each area of this altitudinal gradient, or if the sheep had a uniform diet, regardless of the different vegetal resources available. Keywords: dental microwear, animal husbandry, paleoenvironment, Early Roman period, Northeast of Iberian Peninsula References: Mainland, I., 1998. The Lamb’s Last Supper: the Role of Dental Microwear Analysis in Reconstructing Livestock Diet in the Past, Environmental Archaeology 1, 55-62. Rieau, C., 2014. Etude de la gestion du bétail à l’aide de la méthode des micro-usures dentaires dans le midi méditerranéen entre l’âge du Bronze et la période gallo-romaine, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, Montpellier. Rivals, F., 2015. L’analyse de la micro- et meso-usure dentaire: méthodes et applications en archéozoologie, in Balasse, M., Brugal, J.-P., Dauphin, Y., Geigl, E.-M., Oberlin, C. I Reiche, I. (Eds.), Messages d’os. Archéométrie du squelette animal et humain, Éditions des archives contemporaines, Collection Sciencies Archéologiques, pp. 241-254. Solounias, N. and Semprebon, G. 2002. Advances in the Reconstruction of Ungulate Ecomorphology with Application to Early Fossil Equids. The American Museum of Natural History Central Park West 3366, 1-49. E7.2 | FAUNAL REMAINS FROM THE ROMAN ZOELA TERRITORY. PRELIMINARY INSIGHTS BASED ON THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS (2012-2015) OF CASTRO DE AVELÃS (BRAGANÇA) Vera Pereira [1,2], Pedro C. Carvalho [2], Clara André [3], Sofia Tereso [4] & Miguel Cipriano [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra, PT. [2] CEAACP — Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, PT. [3] Município de Bragança, PT. [4] Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, CIAS, PT. The archaeological site of Torre Velha (Castro de Avelãs, Bragança) presents itself as an imperative site from Trás-os-Montes, repeatedly cited among the archaeological literature and commonly identified as the capital of the Roman civitas Zoelarum, also strategically located on a major Roman road.



With massive archaeological value and due to the scarcity of faunal studies from Trás-os-Montes (northern Portugal), particularly concerning the Roman period, the recent archaeological excavations that began in 2012, due to a protocol of Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra with Município de Bragança, offered a unique opportunity to study Castro de Avelãs and the surrounding territory. This presentation exhibits the results of taphonomic, taxonomic and osteometric analysis of the animal remains recovered from Castro de Avelãs, intending the recognition of livestock breeding practices, animal manipulation and consumption preferences, within the context of other synchronic sites in Lusitania. The analyzed assemblage, mainly from the residential area of the settlement, covers the time frame from the 1st to the 5th centuries AD, allowing to access the continuities and/or ruptures in the bone assemblage throughout the constancy and later decline of the West Roman Empire. Mammals clearly dominate the bone sample, where cattle, sheep/goat and pigs prevail as the domesticated breeds. Hunting small game activities were also frequent at the site, resorting mainly to the European rabbit, probably hunted for consumption. Some bird remains were also identified among the assemblage, containing mainly chicken. With an evident percentage of spiral breaks in long bone diaphysis, articulated with the recognition of a few cut and chop marks on the bones surfaces, we estimate this collection had primarily a dietary role. Keywords: Trás-os-Montes (Portugal), civitas Zoelarum, Roman, zooarchaeology E7.3 | THE SITE OF EL CASTILLO ́N (SANTA EULALIA DE TA ́BARA, ZAMORA): ARCHEOFAUNA FROM THE 5TH CENTURY AD Rodrigo Portero [1], Miriam Andrés [1,2], Esteban Álvarez-Fernández [1], Sónia Gabriel [3], Oscar González-Cabezas [1], Mileko Elorza [4], Jésus Tapia [4], Álvaro Valero [1], José Sastre [5], Patricia Fuentes [5], Oscar Rodríguez [5] & Manuel Vázquez [5]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), ES. [2] Departamento de Prehistoria, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), ES. [3] Laboratório de Arqueociências. Direcção Geral do Património Cultural, Lisboa, PT. EnvArch/CIBIO/InBIO, PT. [4] Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, San Sebastián, ES. [5] Asociación Científico–Cultural Zamora Protohistórica, ES. The Late Antiquity village of El Castillón is located in Santa Eulalia de Tábara, (Zamora, Northwest of Spain), controlling the passage of the Esla river, a tributary of the Duero river, and close to de “Ruta de la Plata” (a roman road between Emerita Augusta and Asturica Augusta). In this settlement, we have documented habitat structures, as well as storage and metalworking areas (sounding 1, 3, 8), which are related to an occupation that took place in the second half of the 5th century AD (phase III-A). Associated with the occupation we have classified a lot of faunal remains whose profit use and exploitation patterns are reconstructed, allowing us to know more about the lives of the inhabitants of El Castillón in a moment of political struggle between Suevian and Visigothic kingdoms. Thus, most of the remains studied indicate meat consumption, based mainly on caprids and cattle. In addition to mammals, there are also birds, shells and fish remains. We analyze the anatomic representation of the bones and their age distribution, as well as the taphonomic agents that have intervened in the formation of the archaeozoological record. Keywords: zooarchaeology, taphonomy, exploitation patterns, Douro Valley, Late Antiquity E7.4 | AN ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL INSIGHT INTO DOURO VALLEY DURING LATE ANTIQUITY Thierry Argant [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Éveha, Études et valorisation archéologiques, Limoges, FR. Excavations at the villa of Vale do Mouro in Coriscada revealed an important faunal assemblage, principally from the last phase of activity of the site, in the 4th century AD. Its study provides an opportunity to review the livestock economy in the Douro valley in northern Portugal, where few faunal analyses have been conducted, besides the small samples studied by C. Costa at Freixo de Numao (Costa, 2009). The faunal analysis allows to explore the economy of the site. The skeletal distribution of the bones of the domestic triad species, patterns in the age of slaughter and pathologies appear to indicate that the breeding did not take place at the villa. Animals were obtained from a network of other settlements, which may have been nearby. Cattle livestock were intended for meat and the individuals were slaughtered on-site. Among the caprines, goats are numerous, probably due to the relief and the vegetation. Milk and wool were exploited but certain animals were specifically raised for their meat. The villa seems to have been kept stocked by a multi-purpose herd, possibly indicating several suppliers. Game provided a significant additional food supply for the villa, and the large numbers of rabbit bones found may suggest the existence of a leporarium. Other taxa belong essentially to the forest or open woodland fauna, and red deer represent a large proportion, as is regularly the case in Portugal. The site of Vale do Mouro fits perfectly into the corpus of sites in Lusitania during Late Antiquity. No regional pattern has yet emerged for the province as a whole. It is difficult to distinguish urban contexts from rural ones based only on faunal assemblages, both in terms of variety and proportions. Keyword: Late Antiquity, food supply, Douro valley, villa References: Costa, C., 2009. As espécies animais representadas nas villae romanas da região de Freixo de Numão (Vila Nova de Foz Côa, Portugal). Apontamentos 4, 15–22.



E7.5 | ARCHEOFAUNA OF SAN PELAYO’S LATE ANTIQUITY VILLA (ALDEALENGUA, SALAMANCA) Miriam Andrés [1,2], Rodrigo Portero [1], Esteban Álvarez-Fernández [1], Sónia Gabriel [3], Oscar González-Cabezas [1], Álvaro Valero [1] & Enrique Ariño Gil [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), ES. [2] Departamento de Prehistoria, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), ES. [3] Laboratório de Arqueociências. Direcção Geral do Património Cultural (Lisboa, Portugal). EnvArch/CIBIO/InBIO, PT. The Late Antiquity villa of San Pelayo (Aldealengua, Salamanca) is located on a high terrace towards the middle course of the Tormes River. During the 2001 excavations, we have documented in one of the soundings (sounding 5) an interesting archaeological assemblage composed of ceramics, roman coins, architectural terracotta and faunal remains. Ceramics and coins allowed us to make a precise dating between the end of the 4th century AD and the beginning of the 5th century AD. In this oral presentation, we show zooarchaeological and taphonomic results of this sounding in order to get know well rural society in Late Antiquity. In this way, the study of faunal remains indicates the existence of a livestock, based mainly on caprids and, to a lesser extent, on cattle and suids. The assemblage is complete with others mammals (lagomorphs and deer), as well as birds, fish and mollusc. Keywords: zooarchaeology, taphonomy, Late Antiquity villa, rural society, Castilla y León. E7.6 | LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT IN RURAL CENTRAL PORTUGAL DURING LATE ANTIQUITY TIMES: THE ZOOARCHAEOLOGY FROM VILLA OF RABAÇAL (PENELA, PORTUGAL) Pedro Valente Fernandes [1], Maria João Valente [1,2], Miguel Pessoa [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT. [2] CEAACP — Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, PT. [3] Museu da Villa Romana do Rabaçal/Museu de Conímbriga, PT. The collection under study is from the Roman villa of Rabaçal (Penela), dated from the 4th to 5th century AD. This archaeological site is located ca. 15km from Coninbriga, one of the largest Roman urban settlements excavated in Portugal. The villa is divided into two main loci: (1) the pars urbana and (2) the pars rustica, pars frumentaria and bath area (Pessoa, 2011). In this presentation, we aim to understand the animal resources exploitation (food, livestock management, etc.) in Rabaçal and their role in the chronological period in question, as a mean to better understand the rural world from that time. We observed the presence of several taxa, in both contexts: Lepus sp. (hare), Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit), Canis cf. lupus (probable wolf), Canis familiaris (dog), Equus asinus (donkey), Equus caballus (horse), cf. Equus asinus X Equus caballus (perhaps mule), Sus sp. (pig and/or wild boar), Capreolus capreolus (roe deer), Cervus elaphus (red deer), Bos taurus (cattle), Capra hircus (goat), Ovis aries (sheep), cf. Anas sp. (probable duck species), Gallus gallus (fowl/hen), cf. Ardea sp. (probable heron species). Herding and livestock management were crucial to the inhabitants of the Rabaçal villa. There was a preference for mammals, mostly cattle and caprines (sheep and goat) but there was no specialization on any animal production. In complement, but with much less significance, there was also hunting (mostly red deer). To further develop the subject, we will also address data regarding the biometry and age structure of the main species, as of evidence regarding their usage by the villa inhabitants. Keywords: Late Antiquity, livestock management, zooarchaeology, Roman Villa of Rabaçal, Lusitania References: Pessoa, M., 2011. Considerações sobre um passado com futuro. In: Actas Encontro Internacional sobre Ciência e Novas Tecnologias Aplicadas à Arqueologia na Villa Romana do Rabaçal, Penela, Terras de Sicó, Portugal: held at Rabaçal, 10th-11st July 2009. Câmara Municipal de Penela, Penela, pp. 12-15. E7.7 | ANIMAL IMPROVEMENT IN ROMAN LUSITANIA: WHERE WE IN THE FAR FAR WEST? Cleia Detry [1], Silvia Valenzuela [1,2], Javier Heras [3] & Simon Davis [1,4]. Contact: [email protected] [1] UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, PT. [2] Institució Milà i Fontanals – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IMF–CSIC), Barcelona, ES. [3] Junta de Extremadura, Badajoz, ES. [4] Laboratório de Arqueociências, Direção-Geral do Património Cultural, Lisboa, PT. People have selected animals in such a way that they produced more meat, milk or wool, creating in some cases morphological variations observable in the osteological remains recovered in archaeological sites, and measurable. Animal improvement in non-indigenous cities was already observed in several parts of the Roman Empire, including Iberia, but is still not proven to exist in Lusitania. Unlike more central regions within the Roman Empire (France, Eastern Spain, Switzerland and Hungary), so far little evidence has come to light of any improvements in sheep, cattle and pigs in Portuguese sites. The study of the circulation of people and goods between roman Iberian cities, more precisely Olisipo, Emmerita Augusta and Ammaia has been quite developed, namely through ceramic analysis, epigraphy or even marketing routes. Also the approach to urbanism, architecture and organization of roman cities has been established. In Lusitania, zooarchaeological studies were mainly focused in rural sites and still scarce. We present here preliminary results from the cities of Ammaia and Emmerita Augusta (the capital), both roman cities newly founded by romans, that show some improvement of cattle mainly in the roman and late roman periods. Keywords: animal improvement, Roman Empire, Lusitania, Emmerita Augusta, Ammaia



EZI – SESSION 8. DIFFERENT PATHS IN THE USAGE OF ANIMAL RESOURCES IN THE MEDIEVAL TIMES E8.1 | CRAFTS IN MEDIEVAL TOWNS: HORN-WORKING IN VITORIA-GASTEIZ (BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN) Idoia Grau-Sologestoa [1], Javier Niso Lorenzo [2] & Miguel Loza Uriarte [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad del País Vasco - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Vitoria-Gasteiz, ES. Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, UK. [2] Iterbide S.C., Vitoria-Gasteiz, ES. In the past two decades, different archaeological excavations carried out at the city centre of Vitoria-Gasteiz (province of Álava, Basque Country, Spain), have provided a great number of faunal assemblages dated to the Middle Ages. In 2013, the plots number 2 and 4 on Las Escuelas street were excavated, uncovering two different sunken structures well dated between the 13th and the 14th centuries AD. The faunal assemblage recovered at the site was rather unusual and mainly consisted of a large amount of caprine (sheep and goat) horncores. The assemblage will be examined in relation to other archaeological evidence found at the site, and compared with other contemporary zooarchaeological assemblages recovered at the city, both domestic refuse and artisanal refuse, in order to offer a possible interpretation for the origin of this peculiar assemblage. We suggest that these horncores were possibly discarded after having extracted the horn for manufacturing handles or other objects and that the building was perhaps used as a workshop for iron-working. Zooarchaeological evidence for horn-working and iron-working in the Middle Ages will be discussed in this paper, together with other general aspects such as medieval crafts in towns and social relationships in the medieval urban world. Keyword: industry, horn-working, urban, late medieval period, faunal remains, zooarchaeology, Basque Country E8.2 | LOOKING INTO THE DIET OF A RURAL COASTAL SETTLEMENT IN GARB AL-ANDALUS: THE ZOOARCHAEOLOGY OF PRAIO DO TEJO (LOULÉ, PORTUGAL) Rute Branco [1,2], Maria João Valente [1,3] & Ana Margarida Arruda [4]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT. [2] NAP – Núcleo de Alunos de Arqueologia e Paleoecologiada Universidade do Algarve, PT. [3] CEAACP – Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, PT. [4] UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, PT.

This presentation aims to show the zooarchaeological data from Tejo do Praio, a settlement from Islamic period dating from the 10-12th century, located in Quinta do Lago (Loulé, Algarve, Portugal). Its main objective is to understand the exploitation strategies of wildlife and livestock resources during this period and interpret them within what it is known about the diet of the Islamic communities of Algarve (Garb al-Andalus). The unique nature of the site due to its residential areas, types of structures and the proximity to the coast line raises questions regarding the availability and diversity of local resources and the importance of the exploitation of terrestrial versus aquatic animals by this rural settlement. The zooarchaeological analysis shows the predominance of domestic species, especially caprines (sheep/goat), followed by Bos taurus (cattle), Gallus gallus (domestic chicken) and Equus caballus (horse). Some wild species were identified, such as Cervus elaphus (red deer) and Vulpes vulpes (fox). The collection also contains some remains of migratory birds, like Burhinus oedicnemus (stone-curlew). As for the aquatic animals, there is some diversity of species, the most abundant being Cerastoderma edule (cockle) and Ruditapes decussatus (clams), nowadays both still quite common in the Ria Formosa Estuary (Branco et al., 2016). The comparison of these results with the available data from other sites in Algarve (e.g. Pereira 2014; Valente and Martins, 2015), confirms the abundance of caprines in the diet of these Islamic communities and points out the importance of local molluscs as food resource. Keywords: zooarcheology, medieval, Islamic, Algarve, diet References: Branco, R., Valente, M.J., Arruda, A., 2016. Unravel the Medieval Islamic diet: preliminary data from the malacofauna of Tejo do Praio (Portugal). Poster presented to 22nd Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists 31st-August-4th-September 2016 Vilnius. Pereira, V., 2014. Zooarchaeological perspective of the Islamic sites in Algarve Current State of Knowledge. In: Detry, C., and R. Dias (eds.), Proceedings of the first zooarchaeology conference in Portugal: held at the Faculty of Letters, University of Lisbon, 8th-9th March 2012 BAR international series. Archaeopress, Oxford, pp. 111-116. Valente, M.J., Martins, S., 2015. Os moluscos marinhos como recurso alimentar no Garb al-Andalus dos sécs. XII-XIII: os sítios de Cacela Velha (Vila Real de Santo António) e Castelo de Salir (Loulé). In: Gutiérrez-Zugasti, I., D. Cuenca-Solana, González Morales, M.R. (eds.), La Investigación Arqueomalacológica en la Península Ibérica Nuevas Aportaciones La Investigación Arqueomalacológica en la Península Ibérica Nuevas Aportaciones. Nadir Ediciones, Santander, pp. 200-211. E8.3 | AIMING FOR THE WIDER PICTURE: CROSSING ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA AND DOCUMENTS’ SOURCES IN MEDIEVAL LOULÉ (ALGARVE, PORTUGAL) Maria João Valente [1,2], Rute Branco [2], Sofia Luís [2], Patrícia Aleixo [2], Isabel Luzia [3], Alexandra Pires [3], Soraia Martins [3] & Luísa Martins [3,4] Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT [2] CEAACP — Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, PT. [3] Câmara Municipal de Loulé, PT. [4] CIDEHUS/DIAITA, Centro Interdisciplinar de História, Culturas e Sociedades, PT. This presentation aims to compare the results obtained by the zooarchaeological studies of three archaeological sites in Loulé dated from the 13–15th century (Almohad period and early establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal) — Casa



das Bicas (Branco and Valente, 2015), Oficina do Senhor Carrilho (Aleixo, 2016), Convento do Espírito Santo (Luís, 2012) — with the written sources available for the same timeframe, namely the local government minutes (actas de vereação). The Medieval Islamic faunal collections show that in the town Loulé, as in other contemporaneous sites, the most consumed meat was from sheep and goat, followed by rabbit and cattle. Even if, occasionally, some contexts display different animal exploitation patterns (e.g. Oficina do Senhor Carrilho, in which rabbit and red deer remains are most numerous). Swine specimens are, as usual, rare. This trend on the abundance of caprids doesn’t change after the Christian Reconquista: sheep and goat are still the most abundant species, with a decrease of rabbit, and a slight increase of cattle and pig remains. The actas de vereação from Loulé, dated from the 14th century (Kingdom of Portugal), grant us a privileged look into its population diet, as well as the production, management and distribution of animals and meat products (Martins, 2016). These documents show that the town of Loulé was a place of social cohabitation of different communities—Christian, Muslim and Jewish—with different food habits and preferences. They also reveal that meat was of extreme importance. Cattle references are the most common, followed by sheep/goats; however, these last comprise a bigger concern towards their supply and mention higher market value. In contrast, pig is seldom mentioned and its production and distribution seem to be of lesser importance to the local people and government. Keywords: zooarchaeology, Algarve, medieval, animal exploitation, actas de vereação References: Aleixo, P., 2016. Estudo zooarqueológico do sítio Islâmico da Oficina do Sr. Carrilho (Loulé) [licenciatura dissertation]. Universidade do Algarve – Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Faro. Branco, R., Valente, M.J., 2015. Análise zooarqueológica de vertebrados e invertebrados do material proveniente da Ocupação Islâmica da Casa das Bicas (Loulé), in: Medina Rosales, N. (Ed.), Actas del VII Encuentro de Arqueología del Suroeste Peninsular (Aroche-Serpa, 29 nov – 1 dic, 2013). Ayuntamiento de Aroche, Aroche, pp. 935–949. Luís, S., 2012. Estudo zooarqueológico dos vertebrados de uma estrutura negativa proveniente do claustro do Convento do Espírito Santo (Loulé) [licenciatura dissertation]. Universidade do Algarve – Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Faro. Martins, L., 2016. Contributos para a História da Alimentação Algarvia, a partir das actas de vereação do Concelho de Loulé (1384-1488). Direção Regional de Cultura do Algarve, Faro. E8.4 | AN UNEQUAL RESPONSE TO THE CHRISTIAN CONQUEST IN THE SOUTHEAST OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA THROUGH THE ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS. LUQUE AND GRANADA IN 13TH TO 16TH CENTURIES Moisés Alonso Valladares [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Universidad de Granada, ES. The definitive fall of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada (1492) into Christian hands meant the end of a long military dispute that had taken place for decades. Nevertheless, the conquest of this vast territory did not signify a clear cultural change. Despite the political integration of the Kingdom of Granada in the Crown of Castile, most of the autochthonous population stayed to live under the new Christian domain. In this way, for almost a century, the Moriscos kept their habits and customs in spite of the religious conversion imposed by the Crown, until they were forced to mandatory assimilation after the Revuelta of the Alpujarras (1568-1571). This situation seems to contrast with the one occurred centuries before in Bajo Guadalquivir when, after the Christian conquest, but especially after the Revueltas Mudéjares (1264), the Muslim population was forced to emigrate and new Christian settlers occupied their places. The study of the food of animal origin in these communities has proven how during a great part of the 16th century, the majority of the local population showed reluctance towards changing, a very different situation than the one experienced during the 13th and 14th centuries. The rejection of the introduction of new species like pig finds unequal favor depending on the historical and political circumstances. It is our aim to analyze the cohabitation, not always easy, between these two religious communities. To exemplify this process, two sites have been selected because of their great illustrative capacity, owing to the different social groups they come from: 1) material from before and after the take of Granada, coming from a favoured context in the capital of the Kingdom (the emergency excavation in the Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo, Granada, with 400 specimens approximately) and 2) the rests of fauna documented in Luque (Córdoba) in the period immediately prior and immediately subsequent to the Conquest (1240 -1241), documented by the emergency excavations of the castle where was found an interesting garbage dump with around 400 specimens. Keywords: Christian conquest, Nasrid Kingdom, rejection, Southeastern Iberian Peninsula



Friday, April 28th, 2017

EZI – SESSION 9. ECLECTIC STUDIES: ISOTOPES, ICHTIO- AND HERPETOFAUNA E9.1 | FOODWAYS IN ISLAMIC PORTUGAL: AN ISOTOPIC CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF HUMAN-ANIMAL INTERACTION IN THE MIDDLE AGES (9TH-14TH CENTURIES) Alice Toso [1] & Michelle Alexander [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, UK. Over the last two decades, the analysis of faunal remains has made a significant contribution to Medieval archaeology, particularly with regards to exploring human-animal relationships. Isotopic studies use animal remains to build an ‘isotopic baseline’ to interpret the diet of human populations and can also offer information on human-animal interaction and farming strategies. These themes have yet to be explored in Medieval Islamic assemblages from Portugal using isotopic techniques. Collagen extraction was performed following a modified Longin (1971) method and includes an additional ultrafiltration step as suggested by Brown et al. (1988). This paper presents the first isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) data to explore human and animal diets in Islamic Medieval Portugal (9th-14th centuries), focusing on the economic strategies undertaken at multiple sites across the country representing both Christian and Muslim communities living in a range of different environments (coastal, fluvial, inland, upland). Case studies will include Lisbon and the settlements of Silves, Beja and Laranjal. Keywords: diet, stable isotopes, medieval-Islamic Portugal References: Brown, T.A., Nelson, D.E., Vogel, J.S., Southon, J.R., 1988. Improved collagen extraction by modified Longin method. Radiocarbon 30, 171–177. Longin, R., 1971. New method of collagen extraction for radiocarbon dating. Nature 230, 241–242. E9.2 | BEYOND BASELINES: ISOTOPIC INFERENCES ON ANIMAL ECONOMIES IN MEDIEVAL ARAGON AND VALENCIA C.11-16TH CENTURIES AD Michelle Alexander [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, UK. It has become routine to sample animals alongside humans in isotopic studies to enable more robust interpretations of human diet (Makarewicz and Sealy, 2015). However, this ‘animal baseline’ is often rather neglected, with few individuals sampled and a little time given to explore the full potential for this data to illuminate animal-human relationships in historic societies, particularly animal management. This paper presents a large body of isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) data from bone collagen from animals from multiple Medieval sites across Aragon and Valencia (Spain), orginally analyzed to provide an isotopic baseline that has revealed patterns and trends both within and between sites that warrant investigation in their own right. As well as having important consequences for interpretation of human diet (isotopic data from animals on many sites is surprisingly variable), this data reveals a diversity in animal management and provisioning that varies between differing geographical locations and also, in the case of the city of Valencia, through time, between periods of differing political rule (Roman-late Medieval). Keywords: diet, stable isotope, medieval, Valencia, Aragon References: Makarewicz, C.A. and Sealy, J., 2015. Dietary reconstruction, mobility, and the analysis of ancient skeletal tissues: expanding the prospects of stable isotope research in archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Science 56, 146-158. E9.3 | ‘FISHING DOWN THE BONES’: ISOTOPIC APPROACH TO THE HAKE AND COD FISHERIES OF IBERIA THROUGH TIME Laura Llorente Rodríguez [1,2], Arturo Morales Muñiz [2], Eduardo González Gómez de Agüero [3], Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez [3], Rachelle Martyn [1] & Oliver Craig [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] BioArCh, University of York, UK. [2] Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES. [3] Área de Prehistoria, Universidad de León, ES. The ichtyoarchaeological record is key to examine the interplay of anthropogenic and natural factors in structuring the population and diversity of economically crucial fish taxa today. The decrease in the mean length (ML) -already observed in species such as the Atlantic cod or the Atlantic salmon- seems to be mainly a result of overfishing, as large mature fish are removed, increasing selection pressure on spawning of the smallest animals, resulting in earlier maturation and a subsequent reduction in size. Likewise, overfishing the largest species/individuals eventually results in “fishing down the food web” and the replacement by smaller fish, typically at lower trophic level (TL). While the decrease in ML and TF have both been associated with over-exploited species, such trends might also be explained by phenotypic plasticity or by long-term environmental changes. Measurements of archaeological fish bones provided the estimate of adult ML, while bulk isotope composition (δ15N, δ13C, δ34S), and more recently δ15N of single-amino-acids, offered the insights into TL. However, within the great development of molecular and chemical analyzes that Zooarchaeology is experiencing today, Iberian ichtyoarchaeologically is still an ‘unexplored ocean’ with scarce and scattered data deriving only from a few sites in the Mediterranean.



In this presentation, we present the decrease in the mean size of hake and cod in the Iberian Peninsula since the Palaeolithic, an attempt to detect differences in the carbon and nitrogen values which could hint environmental or anthropic factors and, preliminary data for the mean TL. This way, Iberian archaeological data are used to try identifying if those changes are a result of either human impacts, environmental/climatic shifts, or both. Pairing zooarchaeological methods with stable isotopic analysis is presented as an innovative approach for monitoring anthropogenic and natural effects on fish populations through time. Keywords: hake, cod, post-roman fisheries, Atlantic Iberia, human pressure, environmental changes E9.4 | LONG-TERM HUMAN PREDATION ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS IN LISBON: THE NÚCLEO ARQUEOLÓGICO DA RUA DOS CORREEIROS SITE Sónia Gabriel [1,2], Susana Martínez [3] & Jacinta Bugalhão [4-6]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratório de Arqueociências. Direcção Geral do património Cultural. Lisboa, PT. [2] CIBIO/InBIO, Laboratório Associado. Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Porto, PT. [3] Independent researcher, PT. [4] Direcção Geral do património Cultural, Lisboa, PT. [5] UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa. Universidade de Lisboa, PT. [6] CEAACP – Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, PT. The NARC—Rua dos Correeiros Archaeological Site—is located in downtown Lisbon (Baixa Pombalina). Excavations undertaken between 1991 and 1995 revealed a unique archaeological record, indicating human occupation from the 5th century BC until today. Considering its pristine preservation and the thorough research made on the finds, this site provides us with a key to understanding Lisbon’s formation and evolution. Its estuarine location strongly influenced the nature and characteristics of the archaeological contexts—they clearly show a significant degree of exploitation of aquatic resources throughout the entire sequence. This study presents the analysis of the fish and molluscs found at the NARC. Regardless of the patchy nature of the archaeozoological record, the issues that can be addressed using these assemblages are varied in terms of cultural and environmental questions. They include:

– Do the faunal assemblages reveal how important was fishing and shell-fish gathering to the economy of the area and to what extent did these practices change with time, – How do the faunal assemblages relate to environmental change and advances in technology.

From this perspective, the data reported provide a long-term record of human exploitation of the aquatic ecosystems in Lisbon. Keywords: aquatic resources, molluscs, fish, fishing, historical ecology E9.5 | THE TURTLES IN THE IBERIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD: AN UPDATE Iratxe Boneta Jiménez [1], Adán Pérez-García [2] & Corina Liesau [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES. [2] Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Madrid, ES. [3] Dpto. de Prehistoria y Arqueología. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES. Turtles are relatively abundant in the Iberian Archaeological record. An update of the data concerning the systematic identifications and the interpretations of these turtle findings in the context of each site is presented here. A comprehensive literature review has been performed, considering both archaeological and systematic publications. New interpretations concerning the firsthand study of some of these remains are presented. In addition, specimens from several archaeological sites where turtle findings were hitherto unpublished, are also analyzed. The results of this study are presented in order to propose biogeographical, temporal, and biological interpretations. With the aim of comprehending the interaction of humans with these reptiles throughout the Iberian archaeological record, we consider that they were captured mainly as a food resource, but also employed for other purposes. Keywords: testudines, tortoises, terrapins, Iberian Peninsula, Archaeological record



5RCAPI ORAL SESSIONS

April 28-29th



Friday, April 28th, 2017 RCAPI – SESSION 1. MUSSELS IN IBERIAN ARCHAEOMALACOLOGY

R1.1 | MUSSEL SHELLS FOUND IN PORTUGUESE PREHISTORIC SITES. TO WHAT SPECIES DO THEY BELONG? João Paulo S. Cabral [1], Cláudia Manso [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, PT. [2] Museu Municipal do Bombarral, PT. Currently in Europe there are two main species of mussels: Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758 occurs from Scandinavia to Britain, Ireland and France (Atlantic). It is not found in the Iberian Peninsula; Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 lives from southern Ireland, Britain and the Atlantic coast of France to the Mediterranean Sea. It is the only species of Mytilus living today in the Portuguese continental coasts. Mussel shells have been found in Portuguese archaeological sites of very different ages. To what species do they belong? The question is relevant because these two mussels have very different environmental requirements: one grows in cold waters (M. edulis) and the other in warmer seawaters (M. galloprovincialis). In order to contribute to this discussion, a set of Mytilus shells found in five Portuguese archaeological sites (Monumento da Bela Vista, Praia do Magoito, Tholos da Praia das Maçãs, Gruta do Poço Velho, Lapa do Suão) was studied in the present work. Mussel containing layers ranged essentially from the Epipalaeolithic (10.000 BP) to Chalcolithic (4.000 BP). Considering that shell form and color are not reliable variables to identify these two mussel species, a set of morphometric parameters (mainly based on the relative hinge plate and anterior adductor muscle scar sizes) and a collection of modern shells of both species, was used in the statistical analysis. Results indicated that archaeological shells belong to M. galloprovincialis. This identification is compatible with current seawater temperatures ranges for the two species and published estimates for seawater temperatures for this time period. Keywords: mussel shells, Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Portugal, Epipalaeolithic-Chalcolithic. R1.2 | DIACHRONIC EVALUATION OF THE SPENGLER'S FRESHWATER MUSSEL IN HUMANEJOS (PARLA, MADRID) Laura Llorente Rodríguez [1], Raúl Flores Fernández [2], Rafael Araujo Armero [3]. Contact: laura.llorente- [email protected] [1] BioArCh – University of York, UK. [2] Pagadel S.l., ES. [3] Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, ES. The archaeological record of the Spengler’s freshwater Mussel (Margaritifera auricularia Spengler, 1793) in Iberia has been documented since the Neolithic, though the number of specimens documented seems to decline throughout time (Araujo and Moreno, 1999). Here we introduce the mollusc assemblages retrieved at the site of Humanejos (Parla, Madrid) with special emphasis on the Spengler’s freshwater mussel remains. This complex site is widespread throughout 16.21 Ha were 2405 substructures have been documented and ascribed to chronologies from the Chalcolithic to the Modern Age (Flores, 2011). Such a broad time spanning has allowed carrying out a diachronic analysis of the species abundances which, as expected, seem to follow the regional pattern. The two additional freshwater species seem to mimic this same decline whereas the marine molluscs, despite their undoubtedly anthropic origin in the assemblage, present low frequencies at all times on the site. Besides the fact that the number of structures from the Chalcolithic are higher than in other periods, we preliminary evaluate here the relative abundance throughout time of the freshwater mussels along with both the anthropic and the environmental factors that could be involved in their decline that finally ends up with the absence of the Spengler’s freshwater mussel in the Tajo river and its tributaries today. Keywords: spengler’s freshwater mussel, paleobiogeography, diachronic abundance, humanejos, Tagus river References: Araujo, R, Moreno, R., 1999. Former Iberian Distribution of Margaritifera auricularia (Spengler, 1793) (Bivalvia: Margaritiferidae). Iberus, 17(1), 127-136. Flores, R., 2011. El yacimiento de Humanejos (Parla, Madrid), in: Blasco, C., Liesau, C., Ríos, P. (Eds.), Yacimientos Calcolíticos con Campaniforme en la Comunidad de Madrid. Nuevos estudios. Patrimonio Arqueológico de Madrid, 6, Madrid, pp. 9-16. R1.3 | THE EDIBLE AMPHI-ATLANTIC BROWN MUSSEL PERNA PERNA (LINNAEUS, 1758) (MOLLUSCA, BIVALVIA) RECORDED AS A SEASHORE FOOD RESOURCE IN THE HOLOCENE OF SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST PORTUGAL Pedro Miguel Callapez [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] DCTUC – Departamento de Ciências da Terra da Universidade de Coimbra, PT. CITEUC – Centro de Investigação da Terra e do Espaço da Universidade de Coimbra (FCT), PT.

The large, edible, and almost-cosmopolitan brown mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) was an important food resource for pre-historic populations living near seashore areas of the tropical and temperate Atlantic. This is widely known from archaeological contexts of South and West Africa, including kitchen middens (e.g. Jerardino and Marean, 2010), showing that this species was part of shellfish gathering and food strategies followed by prehistoric groups. Due to the higher latitude of the Portuguese coast and to the colder winter temperatures of its surface waters, there is a short ecological margin for Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) to survive and compete with Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 in the rocky seashore communities of South and Southwest Portugal. The Portuguese coast records the northern



range boundary of this mussel, as it can be seen by several known occurrences since the Atlantic "climatic optimum" of the Holocene. Because some morphological confusion can arise between Perna and Mytilus, it is likely that several previous citations of Mytilus from Holocene contexts, may represent true Perna specimens. The species was recently found by Lourenço et al. (2012) in the Algarve (Ilha do Farol and Vila Moura), and discussed by Callapez et al. (2012) with reference to other findings and morphological, ecological and biogeographical aspects. There are confirmed occurrences known from the areas of Armação de Pêra, Lagos and Aljezur, including a large specimen figured by Nobre (1930-40). Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) is also known from the sites of Padrão I (Vila do Bispo), Ponta do Castelo (Sagres) and Arrifana (Aljezur), with chronologies contemporaneous of the climatic warming intervals of the Atlantic Period (circa 8000-5000 BP) and "Medieval Warm Period" (circa 1000-1200 AD). During these intervals of warmer coastal surface waters, it is very likely that this subtropical "warm guest" was free to colonize rocky areas of the Portuguese coast, with stable and permanent populations. Keywords: Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758), Holocene, biogeography, food resource, Portugal References: Callapez, P.M., Danielsen, R., Castilho, A., 2012. Occurrences of the amphi-Atlantic brown mussel Perna perna (Linné, 1758) (Mollusca, Bivalvia) in South Portugal since the Atlantic “climatic optimum”. Estudos do Quaternário, 8, 13- 21. Jeradino, A., Marean, C.W., 2010. Shellfish gathering, marine paleoecology and modern human behavior: perspectives from cave PP13B, Pinnacle Point, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution, 59 (3-4), 412-424. Lourenço, C.R., Nicastro, K.R., Serrão, E.S., Zardi, G.I., 2012. First record of the brown mussel (Perna perna) from the European Atlantic coast. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: e39 (published online). Nobre, A., 1938-40. Fauna malacológica de Portugal. I. Moluscos marinhos e das águas salobras. Companhia Editora do Minho, Porto.

༄ ༄ ༄ R1.4X | IN PURSUIT OF PURPLE DYE ORIGINS IN NORTHEAST IBERIA: THE SITE OF CARRER MAJOR 4-6 (1ST-2ND CENTURIES BC, SITGES, BARCELONA) Lluís Lloveras [1], Tània Escuer [1], Rena Veropoulidou [2], Juan García [1], Magí Miret-Mestre [3], Jordi Nadal [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] SERP. Secció de Prehistòria I Arqueologia. Universitat de Barcelona, ES. [2] Museum of Byzantine Culture, Hellenic Ministry of Culture, GR. [3] Departament de Cultura. Generalitat de Catalunya (Barcelona), ES.

Existing archaeological sources describe that purple dye production from several marine molluscs has occurred in both the Aegean Sea (Minoan culture) and in the Levantine coast of the Eastern Mediterranean since the first half of the 2nd millennium BC. However purple dyeing did not spread to the rest of the Mediterranean, especially in the western area, until the Phoenician colonization. The first sites with evidences of purple-dyeing in the Iberian Peninsula and Ibiza Island are clearly related to Phoenician-Carthaginian factories. During the Iberian period, archaeological evidence is very scarce but it becomes important again during the Roman period and Late Antiquity. In this study, we present the results of the analysis of a shell midden assemblage of banded dye murex (Hexaplex trunculus Linnaeus, 1758) uncovered during the rescue excavations conducted at Carrer Major 4-6 archaeological site (Sitges, Barcelona). This aggregation constituted of broken shells is dated between the 2nd and the 1st centuries BC by means of the pottery recovered. Thus, chronologically the site could be either a Late Iberian occupation or one of the first Roman republican sites in the area. Results show that purple dye production in the site is related to the indigenous population and is a consequence of the Roman administration’s demands. Their association with an established Phoenician tradition has been ruled out. Keywords: purple-dye, romanization, Iberian Culture, muricidae, Northeast Iberia



Saturday, April 29th, 2017 RCAPI – SESSION 2. MOLLUSCS AND CRABS IN PREHISTORIC TIMES: FOOD RESOURCES AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS R2.1 | LATE PLEISTOCENE AND EARLY HOLOCENE SEAWATER TEMPERATURES IN NORTHERN IBERIA RECONSTRUCTED FROM SHELL OXYGEN STABLE ISOTOPES Igor Gutiérrez-Zugasti [1], Asier García-Escárzaga [1], Leon J. Clarke [2], Roberto Suárez Revilla [1], Geoffrey N. Bailey [3] & Manuel González-Morales [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, ES. [2] School of Science & The Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. [3] Department of Archaeology, University of York, UK. The influence of past climate change on hunter-fisher-gatherer societies is a highly-debated topic during recent years. The increasing interest in human-environment interactions has resulted in the development of more accurate methods and techniques for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Thus, molluscs recovered from archaeological shell midden sites can provide information on past climatic and environmental conditions, as well as human subsistence practices. Seawater temperatures (ST) can be reconstructed using geochemical techniques such as the analysis of stable oxygen isotope ratios on marine mollusc shells. In this paper, we aim to reconstruct the evolution of ST in northern Iberia (Spain) from ~30 to 7 ka cal BP using oxygen isotope values obtained from the limpet Patella vulgata Linnaeus, 1758 and the topshell Phorcus lineatus (Da Costa, 1778). Modern and archaeological specimens from seven sites were analyzed, producing a long-term record of environmental changes. Results suggest that important changes in ST took place during the time period investigated, with significantly higher ST and larger annual ranges during the Holocene compared to the Late Pleistocene. Results show a correlation between reconstructed ST and data from the Greenland NGRIP ice core and from deep-sea sediment core MD95- 2042 (located off western Iberia), but also the existence of some local variations, suggesting that ST in northern Iberia followed a mixed pattern, influenced by global and local conditions. Keywords: molluscs, palaeoclimate, Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Cantabrian region R2.2 | THE CONSUMPTION OF CRABS IN THE MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC: EVIDENCE FROM GRUTA DA FIGUEIRA BRAVA (ARRÁBIDA, PORTUGAL) Mariana Nabais [1], Catherine Dupont [2] & João Zilhão [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Institute of Archaeology, University College London, UK. [2] CNRS, CReAAH, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes 2, Nantes et Ministère de la Culture, FR. [3] ICREA, Barcelona, ES. Departament de Prehistòria, Historia Antiga i Arqueologia, Universidad de Barcelona, ES. UNIARQ, Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, PT. Hominin consumption of small prey has been much discussed over the past decades. Such resources are often considered to be unproductive due to their reduced meat yield and consequent low energy return. However, ethnographic studies suggest that small prey – including molluscs and crustaceans – are a reliable, predictable and not at all marginal resource, and there is increasing evidence for their inclusion in hominin diets during the Middle Palaeolithic and even earlier. Gruta da Figueira Brava features a MIS-5 Neanderthal occupation that left behind a large assemblage of both terrestrial and marine faunal remains. Hominins are their main agent of accumulation. Carnivore activity has been identified but is sporadic, and the reworked levels capping the Middle Palaeolithic sequence contain some naturally accumulated material. Five different species of crabs have been identified; at present, all can be found in the cave’s immediate rocky intertidal environment (including the subtidal Maja squinado Herbst, 1788, which becomes intertidal during the reproduction season). The reworked levels are dominated by small, non-edible species, while Cancer pagurus Linnaeus, 1758 predominates in the intact MIS-5 deposit. The reconstruction of the latter’s carapace size, based on regression from claw size, shows a preference for individuals of a relatively large size. The detailed taphonomic analysis of the Cancer pagurus remains reveals breakage patterns consistent with securing access to the flesh: percussion marks on proximal dactylopods related to claw disarticulation, and claw fractures that are preferentially longitudinal. Keywords: crabs, Neanderthal, Middle Palaeolithic, Gruta da Figueira Brava, Arrábida R2.3 | SEAFOOD FOR DINNER: THE CONSUMPTION OF MOLLUSCS IN THE EARLY UPPER PALAEOLITHIC IN COVA FORADADA (XÀBIA, MARINA ALTA, SPAIN) Ester Verdún-Castelló [1] & Josep Casabó i Bernad [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Ministère de la culture et de la Communication, FR. [2] Conselleria d'Educació, Investigació, Cultura I Esport. Direcció Territorial de Castelló, ES. Many recent studies show the importance of the consumption of molluscs in ancient chronologies. It seems that the consumption of molluscs was usual among the hunter-gatherer societies. The study of the malacological remains of Cova Foradada is another example of it. Cova Foradada is an archaeological site located on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula (Xàbia, Marina Alta) (Casabó, 1997). Continental and marine molluscs have been recorded in



levels corresponding to the early Upper Palaeolithic (33810±312- 31281±468 cal BP) (Casabó, 2014). In this presentation, we show the results obtained from the analysis of the marine molluscs recovered in levels II and V (both correspond to the early Upper Palaeolithic): the taxonomic composition of the sample and the biometrical data of the most abundant species. In Cova Foradada a high diversity of marine taxa has been recorded, however, the majority of them are represented by few individuals (in many cases, just one). The presence of different species of rocky shores and sandy/gravel shores has been documented, but the most important species are mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819), limpets (Patella sp. Linnaeus, 1758) and top snails (Phorcus sp. Risso, 1826). The three taxa were collected in the intertidal rocky shores. They were consumed as food, however, there are other species which were collected when the animal was already dead, which means that they were collected for other purposes (for example, to make ornaments). Keywords: marine molluscs, Cova Foradada, early Upper Palaeolithic, Marina Alta (Spain) References: Casabó i Bernad, J., 1997. Cova Foradada (Xàbia). Aproximación a la economía y al paisaje de la costa norte alicantina durante el Paleolítico Superior inicial. Cuaternario y Geomorfología. 11(1-2), 67-80. Casabó i Bernad, J., 2014. La esfera de Cova Foradada (Xàbia, Marina Alta), un objeto singular de los inicios del paleolítico superior. Quaderns de Prehistòria i Arqueologia de Castelló. 32, 5-12. R2.4 | LONG AND SHORT TERM CHANGES IN SHELLFISH EXPLOITATION PATTERNS IN THE MESOLITHIC OF NORTHERN IBERIA: THE CASE OF LA FRAGUA CAVE (CANTABRIA, SPAIN) Roberto Suárez Revilla [1], Igor Gutiérrez-Zugasti [1] & Manuel R. González Morales [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, ES. Changes in coastal exploitation patterns between the Late Pleistocene and the Early Holocene have been previously recorded in northern Iberia. Long-term changes in shellfish collection between the Upper Palaeolithic and the Mesolithic were identified in the form of increased use of these resources through time. However, a comparison between long and short term changes has not been yet attempted. Recent excavations carried out at La Fragua cave (located on the Cantabrian coast, northern Iberia) produced several stratigraphic units ranging from the Late-Glacial to the Early Holocene and containing evidence of coastal resource exploitation, mainly shells. Late Glacial (Upper Palaeolithic) shells were recovered from two units (whose chronology is being currently reassessed), while Early Holocene (Mesolithic) shells were found in six units, providing the opportunity for identifying changes in the long-term (Pleistocene-Holocene transition) but also in the short term (during the Mesolithic). In this paper, we present results on quantification, biometry, fragmentation and taphonomy from the recovered shell assemblages. Results show an interesting sequence of long and short term changes in species representation, environments exploited, and intensity of coastal exploitation. Keywords: archaeomalacology, Cantabrian region, Mesolithic, Upper Palaeolithic, coastal exploitation R2.5 | CLIMATE CHANGES AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR DURING THE MESOLITHIC IN NORTHERN IBERIA: AN APPROXIMATION THROUGH THE STUDY OF SHELL ASSEMBLAGES Asier García-Escárzaga [1,2], Igor Gutiérrez-Zugasti [1], David Cuenca-Solana [1], Adolfo Cobo-García [2] & Manuel R. González-Morales [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, ES. [2] Grupo de Ingeniería Fotónica, Departamento TEISA, Universidad de Cantabria, ES. The Mesolithic in the Cantabrian region (northern Iberia) is characterized by the formation of large shell middens on coastal locations. This characteristic is a result of the intensive exploitation of littoral areas by the last hunter-fisher- gatherers. Considering the importance of marine resources for the subsistence of human populations, archaeomalacological investigations are crucial to understand the shell midden phenomena and to obtain information on subsistence strategies and settlement patterns. Moreover, environmental conditions prevailing at the Early Holocene can be reconstructed from the analysis of shell assemblages. In this communication, we present the results obtained from the study of mollusc and other coastal resources (crustaceans and echinoids) from the shell midden site of El Mazo (Asturias). We examined the remains from 18 stratigraphic units, all of them dated by 14C AMS to the Mesolithic (9000–7500 cal BP). The results provided information about species representation, taphonomy, collection areas, size selection and intensity of collection, revealing the existence of three different exploitation patterns. These changes correlate with environmental changes recorded at the Early Holocene, suggesting that shell exploitation was conditioned by the larger availability of certain species. However, evidence of intensive exploitation through the Mesolithic indicates that the influence of human selection in the recorded exploitation patterns cannot be ruled out with the available data. Keywords: Mesolithic, Cantabrian region, shellfish exploitation, subsistence strategies, palaeoclimate conditions, coastal resources intensification R2.6 | ARCHAEOMALACOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE STRATIGRAPHIC UNIT 17 AT THE MESOLITHIC SHELL MIDDEN OF EL TORAL III (ANDRÍN, ASTURIAS, SPAIN) Renata Martínez-Cuesta [1] & Igor Gutiérrez-Zugasti [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, ES. Coastal resources have been a part of the diet of human groups that inhabited coastal areas of the Cantabrian Region (northern Iberia) since the Upper Palaeolithic, although according to the current evidence more intense exploitation was conducted during the Mesolithic. A large number of Mesolithic shell middens have been identified in the so-called Asturian area, which highlights the importance of coastal resources for human populations. In this communication, we present the results of the analysis of shell assemblages recovered from the stratigraphic unit 17 at the rock shelter of El Toral III, which has been radiocarbon dated to the late Mesolithic (~7.300 cal BP) and represents a clear example of an Asturian shell midden. The study aimed the reconstruction of the shellfish exploitation patterns during the occupation of the rock shelter. The results provided information about species representation,



taphonomy, collection areas, size selection and intensity of collection. Limpets, topshells and mussels were the most exploited species. They were preferentially collected in lower and exposed areas of the intertidal and different patterns of size selection were identified. These results were in agreement with those obtained in other studies carried out at the site and in other contemporary sites, which corroborate the existence of a clear pattern of shellfish exploitation and the intensive use of intertidal resources during the Mesolithic. Keywords: archaeomalacology, Mesolithic, coastal resources, Cantabrian Region, shell midden|

Josep Lluís Pascual Benito [1], Oreto García Puchol [2], Salvador Pardo Gordó [2], Agustín Diez Castillo [3] & Alfredo Cortell Nicolau [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Servei d’Investigació Prehistòrica. Museu de Prehistòria de València, ES. [2] Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, ES. [3] Grupo de investigación GRAM. Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga. Universitat de València, ES. In this paper, we present a taxonomic and taphonomic approach to continental molluscs recovered in Pericot’s fieldwork at Cocina Cave (Dos Aguas, Valencia, Eastern Iberia) as a part of a multidisciplinary project, the goal of which is to analyse palaeoenvironmental, palaeoeconomic and social dynamics related to the Mesolithic sequence in the site. From the beginning of the 9th to the first half of the 8th millennium cal BP, last Mesolithic groups frequented the cavity as a part of a seasonal pattern that includes coastal and inner territorial movements. Cocina cave shows a developed stratigraphy including a complete last Mesolithic sequence related to the Mesolithic with blades and trapezes complex in the Western Mediterranean. During near one millennium, the use of the cave seems to be defined as a hunter-gatherer camp focused on wild goats hunting. In addition, the review conducted recently related to Pericot’s fieldwork, developed in the 1940s has revealed the presence of other economic remains that include terrestrial and marine molluscs. The collection analyzed in this work includes more than 3000 well preserved continental molluscs. A total of thirteen species has been documented mainly corresponding to Iberus gualterianus morfo alonensis (Ferrussac, 1821) and Melanopsis tricarinata (Bruguière, 1789). Their presence at the site has been explained by different causes including (1) alimentary purposes according to biometric values related to I. alonensis, (2) ornamental purposes as can be the case of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758), and (3) natural processes considering some features like the presence of a variable age pattern as is visible in relation with M. tricarinata. We focus the work on the analysis of economic and natural patterns relating to the different species recognized. We adopt a diachronic view according to a GIS methodology that allows us to explore the distribution pattern along the sequence. Keywords: terrestrial gastropods, freshwater molluscs, Mesolithic, Valencia (Spain), Cocina cave, Pericot’s fieldwork

RCAPI – SESSION 3. SHELLS AS PREHISTORIC ORNAMENTS: CHOICES AND TECHNIQUES

R3.1 | SHELLS IN THE ARDALES CAVE AND SIMA DE LAS PALOMAS DE TEBA, MÁLAGA (GENERAL PROJECT OF INVESTIGATION 2015-2016). FIRST RESULTS OF HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES ASSOCIATED WITH UPPER PALAEOLITHIC TECHNOLOGY Juan Jesús Cantillo [1], Gerd C-Weniger [2], José Ramos [1], Pedro Cantalejo [3], Mar Espejo [4], Viviane Bolín [2], Yvonne Tafelmaier [2], Lidia Cabello [5], Diego Fernández [1], Eduardo Vijande [1], Antonio Barrena [1], Taylor Otto [6], Sergio Almisas [1], Salvador Domínguez-Bella [1], Adolfo Moreno [1] & Andreas Pastoors [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] University of Cádiz, ES. [2] Neanderthal Museum, DE. [3] Ayuntamiento de Ardales – Cueva de Ardales (Málaga), ES. [4] Cueva de Ardales, ES. [5] UNED – Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, ES. [6] University of Cologne, DE. We present the first results of the study of marine molluscs documented in a general research project we are doing in Ardales cave and Sima de las Palomas Teba (Málaga). Jobs are being developed by an interdisciplinary international team. In the Cave of Ardales they have been conducted archaeological surveys in zones 2 and 5 (Ramos and Weniger, 2016), while in Sima de las Palomas has been cleaned and deepened documented stratigraphic profile in 2011 (Weniger and Ramos, 2016). Cave of Ardales in a record related to an occupation of hunter-gatherer societies associated with Upper Palaeolithic technology. In this first campaign, it has also been of great interest to the documentation of several samples of carbon, carbon-14 dating, in a chronology than 30 Ka. Meanwhile, Sima de las Palomas Teba presents evidence related occupations hunter-gatherer societies carry mode technology 3- Middle Palaeolithic. They also confirmed an occupation of companies linked to the Upper Palaeolithic. Both archaeological sites are located more than 50 km from the present coastline. However, and despite the distance, both Ardales cave and Sima de las Palomas, we have documented the remains of marine molluscs and freshwater Upper Palaeolithic levels. An analysis of this set allows us to assess the use of these shells as ornaments or pendants elements, confirming the association of these frequentation to immediate territories. Keywords: shells, Ardales Cave, Palomas Cave, Upper Palaeolithic, ornaments

R2.7 | ARCHAEOMALACOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CONTINENTAL MOLLUSCS RECOVERED IN THE MESOLITHIC SEQUENCE AT COCINA CAVE (EASTERN IBERIA)



References: Ramos, J., Weniger, G., 2016. Memoria Final de la Actividad Arqueológica de “Excavación y documentación en la Cueva de Ardales 2015”, original depositado en la Delegación Provincial de Cultura de Málaga. Weniger, G., Ramos, J., 2016. Memoria Final de la Actividad Arqueológica de “Excavación y documentación en la Sima de las Palomas de Teba”, original depositado en la Delegación Provincial de Cultura de Málaga. R3.2 | MAGDALENIAN ORNAMENT FROM LA COVA DEL PARPALLÓ (GANDIA, VALENCIA): NEW RESEARCH VERSUS OLD MALACOLOGICAL MATERIAL Begoña Soler Mayor [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Museu de Prehistòria de València, ES. A new investigation on Magdalenian ornamental elements from La cova del Parpalló Cave (Gandia, Valencia) is presented in this paper. After Vidal y López (1947), only partial studies of sell ornamental material have been made. Our aim is to analyze the whole spectrum of sell ornamental elements throughout the Upper Palaeolithic sequence. Parpalló is the only Mediterranean site with a quite complete sequence, Gravetian to Magdalenian levels. It is important to remember that Parpalló was excavated completely in the thirties of last century. Also, even if the global number of sell elements compiled by Vidal y López were 1003, many of them didn’t have a clear reference and this study included non-ornamental remains. After our revision on Solutrean levels in 2013 (Soler, 2015), we present a new study of Magdalenian levels: new taxonomic determinations, technological analysis and a database. More than 300 elements, with a chronostratigraphic attribution, have been studied. Parpalló cave and La cova del Volcán del Faro (Cullera, Valencia), they are among the most important ornamental sell Mediterranean collections. Keywords: ornament, malacology, Magdalenian, Parpalló, Mediterranean, Valencia References: Pericot García, L., 1942. La Cueva del Parpalló (Gandia). Instituto Diego Velazquez, Madrid. Soler Mayor, B., 1990. Estudio de los materiales ornamentales de la Cova de Parpalló. Saguntum 23, Valencia, 39-59. Soler, B., Tiffagom, M., Aura, J.E., 2013. La cova del volcán deL Faro (Cullera): més preguntes que respostes. Primeres dades sobre els elements ornamentals, in: Animals i arqueologia hui. I Jornades d’arqueozoologia. Museu de Prehistòria de València. Diputación de Valencia, 159-180. Soler Mayor, B., 2015. Elementos de adorno malacológicos de la secuencia Solutrense de la Cova del Parpalló (Gandia, València). Nuevos datos, in Gutiérrez Zugasti, I, Cuenca Solana; D., González Morales, M. R. (Eds.), La Investigación Arqueomalacológica en la Península Ibérica: Nuevas Aportaciones. Nadir Ediciones. Santander, pp. 13-26. Vidal y López, M., 1947. La fauna malacológica de la Cueva del Parpalló. Serie de Trabajos Varios, 6. Servicio de Investigación Prehistórica, Valencia, 57-61.

R3.3 | MALACOFAUNA COLLECTION FROM THE TARDIGLACIAL LEVELS OF EL PIRULEJO (PRIEGO DE CÓRDOBA, CÓRDOBA) María Gavilán Zaldúa [1], María D. Simón Vallejo [1,2,4], M. Carmen Lozano Francisco [2,3], José L. Vera Peláez [2,3], Lydia Calle Román [1,2], Rubén Parrilla Girádez [1,2], Carlos Odriozola Lloret [1,2] & Miguel Cortés Sánchez [1,2,4]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Universidad de Sevilla, ES. [2] Grupo de Investigación TELLUS. Prehistoria y Arqueología en el Sur de Iberia (HUM-949). Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología. Universidad de Sevilla, ES. [3] Gaia Museum S.L., Málaga, ES [4] ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour, Universidade do Algarve, PT. We present the study of the malacofauna collection of levels 2 and 3 Magdalenian, from El Pirulejo site. These materials appeared in the 1988-2004 excavations and were used as ornamental elements. A total of 76 remains have been analyzed (Mesalia mesal, Littorina obtusata, Theodoxus fluviatilis), with most of them drilled for hanging. The analyses included the taxonomy classification and the identification of taphonomic, archaeometric and technological processes. Keywords: Tardiglaciar, malacofauna collection, ornamental elements References: Asquerino, M.D., Araque, F.A., Martos, E., Aguilar, R., Jiménez, M.C., López, N., Muñoz, L., 1991. El Pirulejo. Resultados preliminares de la campaña de 1991. Estudios de Prehistoria Cordobesa, 5, 87-130. Cortés, M., Jiménez, F., Simón, M.D., López, J.A., Riquelme, J.A., Fernández, F., Martínez, E., Arroyo, E., Pérez, A., Turbón, D., López, L., Pérez, S., 2008. Cazadores recolectores del Paleolítico Superior en la sierra Subbética. Estudios en homenaje a la profesora María Dolores Asquerino. Antiquitas 20. R3.4 | SHELL TOOLS AND HUNTER-GATHERERS: THE EPIPALAEOLITHIC SITE OF BALMA DEL GAI (BARCELONA, NORTHEAST SPAIN) David Cuenca Solana [1], Ignacio Clemente [2], Lluís Lloveras [3], Pilar García-Argüelles [3] & Jordi Nadal [3]. Contact: [email protected]. [1] Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria (IIIPC), Universidad de Cantabria, ES. [2] Departamento de Arqueología y Antropología, CSIC – Institución Milá y Fontanals (IMF), ES. [3] SERP. Secció de Prehistòria i Arqueología. Universitat de Barcelona, ES. Balma del Gai is a small rock shelter situated in the municipality of Moià (Barcelona, Northeast Spain) at 760 meters above sea level and 50 km inland from the present-day coastline. The most important occupation levels at the site are dated between 11,440±40 BP and 8,930±140 BP, and are related to the Mediterranean “Epimagdalenian” and “Sauveterroide Microlaminar” technological cultures (García-Arguelles et al., 2013). The excavations have provided an important sample of mollusc species, both terrestrial and marine, that have been previously studied and considered as food resources (Lloveras et al., 2011) and ornaments (Estrada et al., 2010). In this communication, we present and discuss the results of the use-wear analysis on unmodified marine shells (Mytilus sp. Linnaeus, 1798 and Glycymeris glycymeris da Costa, 1778). The results of these analyses and their comparison with the analytical experimentation (Cuenca Solana, 2013) proves that some shells were also used as tools for the development of various productive activities linked with materials of mineral and vegetable origin. Thus, this research contributes to 1) broaden the technological spectrum recorded in this context (beyond the traditional technological elements), 2) show a diversified use of the shells as ornaments, food and tools in this context, which was located at some distance from the coast during the occupation of the site.



Keywords: shell tools, use wear analysis, Epipalaeolithic, Mediterranean coast References: Cuenca-Solana, D., 2013. Utilización de instrumentos de concha para la realización de actividades productivas en las formaciones económico-sociales de los cazadores recolectores- pescadores y primeras sociedades tribales de la fachada atlántica europea. Publican, Ediciones de la Universidad de Cantabria, Santander. Estrada, A., Nadal, J., Lloveras, L., García-Argüelles, P., Álvarez, R., 2010. La malacofauna marina en el yacimiento de la Balma del Gai (provincial de Barcelona) y su contextualización en el registro arqueomalacológico del epipaleolítico catalán. Férvedes 6, pp. 115-120. García-Argüelles, P., Fullola, J.M., Román, D., Nadal, J., Bergadà, M.M., 2013. El modelo epipaleolítico geométrico tipo Filador 40 años después: vigencia y nuevas propuestas. in: Rasilla, M. de la (Ed.) F. Javier Fortea Pérez. Universitatis Ovetensis magister. Estudios en Homenaje, Oviedo, pp. 151-165. Lloveras, L., Nadal, J., García-Argüelles, P., Fullola, J.M., Estrada, A., 2011. The land snail midden from Balma del Gai (Barcelona, Spain) and the evolution of terrestrial gastropod consumption during the late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic in eastern Iberia. Quaternary International 244, 37-44. R3.5 | SHELL BEADS VARIABILITY OF THE LAST HUNTER-GATHERERS OF THE TAGUS VALLEY (CENTRAL PORTUGAL): A DIFFERENT VIEW ON SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AND SITE FUNCTION OF THE MESOLITHIC SHELLMIDDENS Lino André [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behavior. Universidade do Algarve – Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, PT. To this date, thousands of shells (mainly from gastropod species) bearing ornamental features, such as perforations, have been recovered from five of the Mesolithic shell middens located in the Tagus Valley (Central Portugal). Taxa variability and quantity, alongside with their spatial distribution within each locus, can provide important insights regarding the acquisition strategies of the shells, social organization, stylistic behaviour and site functionality. This presentation reports the results from both recent and past excavations, revealing similarities and differences concerning species acquisition between sites and the intensity of shell exploitation for ornamental purposes during the Mesolithic occupation of the region. Keywords: Mesolithic, Muge shellmiddens, Central Portugal, shell beads, social organization R3.6 | COMING BACK TO THE CABEÇO DAS AMOREIRAS MESOLITHIC SHELL MIDDEN (SADO VALLEY, PORTUGAL) Catherine Dupont [1], Mariana Diniz [2] & Pablo Arias [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] CNRS, CReAAH, UMR6566, University of Rennes 1, Rennes 2, Nantes, Le Mans and Ministère de la Culture, FR. [2] UNIARQ, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, PT. [3] IIIPC, Universidad da Cantabria, ES.

Cabeço das Amoreiras belongs to the Sado (Portugal) shell middens complex. It is a shell midden with an estimated area of less than 1 000 m2 and where funerary activity is documented. Its geographical position is similar to other shell middens occupied during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition: near a past estuary more or less subject to marine influences. This shell midden offers a great occasion to discuss the impact of the excavation techniques evolution during these sixty last years. Indeed, three main excavations have been conducted at Cabeço das Amoreiras. It was firstly excavated in the 1950’s by Manuel Heleno, then in the 1980’s under the leadership of José Arnaud and in 2014-2016 by Mariana Diniz and Pablo Arias team. Thanks to the archaeomalacological study, we will show the different pictures of this shell midden in function of excavations techniques (from samples selected by the human eye to sieved samples at different meshes). So, we will see if the malacological and crustacean composition drastically changes from the point of view of the species assemblages, of the proportion of taxa, and of the size of the represented shells. One of the major results of this study (funded by Back to Sado – PTDC/HIS-ARQ/121592/2010 that authorized our study in December 2014) was to discover shell ornaments in the heart of shelly samples. These unpublished artifacts will also be described and compared to shell ornaments selected during excavations. Unfortunately, such shell beads are usually described apart from food refuses. We will try to show what kinds of scientific questions can be hidden under both uses of these invertebrate animals. Keywords: excavation methodology, shell midden, ornaments, food

RCAPI – SESSION 4. SHELLFISHING IN MORE DISTANT SHORES OF BRAZIL R4.1 | SHELL MIDDENS LANDSCAPE OF RECÔNCAVO BAIANO, BRAZIL Joyce Avelino Bezerra Santana [1], Marcia Barbosa da Costa Guimarães [1], Cristiana de Cerqueira Silva Santana [2], Francisco Hilder Magalhães e Silva [2] & Marcone da Cunha Carneiro [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS, BR. [2] Universidade do Estado da Bahia – UNEB, BR. [3] Centro Universitário Internacional e Patrimônio Consultoria Ambiental e Pesquisas Arqueológicas, BR. Shell middens are coastal sites built by pre-colonial social groups who had a sacred relationship with the coastal landscape. The research now presented took place in the Bay of All Saints (BTS), Bahia, in the shell middens of Paty and Ilha das Vacas. It aims to understand the construction of the shell middens landscape, particularly its vegetal and faunal world, enabling data for paleoenvironmental reconstructions and further advances in the understanding of the shell middens and of the landscape appropriation. The methodology included the collection of paleoenvironmental and ethnobiology data. Partial results indicate an occupation during the recent Holocene, 2.150 and 2.735 cal yr BP, for the shell middens occupations of Ilhas das Vacas and Paty, respectively. Among the zooarchaeological vestiges, the following molluscs have been registered: Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828), Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin,



1791), Strombus Boxer (Linnaeus, 1758), Lucina pectinata (Gmelin, 1971), Arca imbricata (Bruguiere, 1789), and others. Crabs occur in the two sites, but fish only occurs in Paty. Regarding archaeobotanical evidences, pollen types result in species for constructive use (wood), in baskets, medicinal and psychoactive as the Malpighiaceaes. The people occupying these shell middens explored BTS, including its underwater environment and with incursions in the woods, in order to obtain varied biological resources, among them, psychostimulants vegetables. Keywords: shell midden landscape, zooarchaeology, archaeobotanical, pre-colonial period, Bahia (Brazil) R4.2 | “CAIEIRA BENÉ”: A HISTORICAL SHELLMOUND SITE BUILT FROM A PREHISTORICAL SAMBAQUI IN COSTLINE NORTHEAST BRAZIL Cristiana de Cerqueira Silva Santana [1], Suely Gleyde Amancio Martinelli [2], Márcia Barbosa da Costa Guimarães [2], Joyce Avelino Bezerra Santana [2], Hélio Augusto de Santana [4], Francisco Hilder Magalhães e Silva [1], Albérico Nogueira de Queiroz [2], Olivia Alexandre de Carvalho [2] & Jenilton Ferreira Santos [9]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Universidade do Estado da Bahia – UNEB, BR. [2] Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS, BR. [3] HAS. Consultoria Arqueológica e Pesquisa Ltda, BR. Sambaquis (shell middens) are archaeological sites built by pre-colonial human groups who used bivalve mollusc’s shells and other marine invertebrates for feeding and also to create a special ceremonial space. Sambaquis’ mining for burning shells to produce lime during the process of construction of the colonial cities, between 16th and 19th centuries, caused the loss of part of the Brazilian prehistory located in the coastline. The “Caieira Bené” archaeological site is located at the Conde county, on the northern coast of Bahia state, Northeastern Brazil region (Amâncio-Martinelli et al., 2013). It’s a shell midden comprising a lime kiln and the archaeological area has many oyster remains, similar to other sambaquis in the region — which are characterized by the presence of bivalves’ shells on the surface and no topographic prominence in the landscape. The excavation of the site showed a part of an extensive combustion structure containing oysters, fully calcined, highly friable, and many shell ashes. During excavation, we could see that the “Caieira”, with eight meters in diameter, extended to a depth of 55 cm, alternating oyster of the mangrove shells species Chrassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828), always fully calcined, and thin coal lenses amid many ashes. On the basis of the “Caieira” (lime kiln), there was evidenced many archaeological material such as fragments of charcoals, glass, and metal pieces, as well as pottery elements. The study showed that the people who lived in “Caieira Bené” explored oysters from a closed shell midden called as “Ilha das Ostras” (oyster island), the biggest in the region, from where the burnt oyster shells were carried out to the “Caieira Bené” site through Crumaí river around the 19th century. This is a preliminary communication of these activities during the Colonial period in the Conde County (Bahia state), Northeastern Brazil. Keyword: Sambaqui, “Caieira Bené”, Colonial period (19th century), Conde County, Bahia (Brazil) References: Amâncio-Martinelli, S., Silva Santana, C.C, Barbosa Guimarães, M., 2013. Influência da evolução costeira holocênica na ocupação por grupos sambaquieiros: resultados das prospecções arqueológicas nas regiões litorâneas dos estados de Sergipe e da Bahia no Nordeste do Brasil. Diálogo Andino, 41, 149-157

RCAPI – SESSION 5. BRONZE AGE TO EARLY ROMAN PERIOD: VARIANCE IN MOLLUSC USAGE IN IBERIA R5.1 | SHELLFISHING DURING THE BRONZE AGE IN NORTHWESTERN IBERIA: FIRST RESULTS FROM GUIDOIRO AREOSO SHELL MIDDEN (GALICIA) Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez [1], Víctor Bejega-García [1], Natividad Fuertes Prieto [1], Eduardo González-Gómez de Agüero [1], José Manuel Rey-García [2] & Xosé Ignacio Vilaseco-Vázquez [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Área de Prehistoria, Universidad de León, ES. [2] Servizo de Arqueoloxía, Xunta de Galicia, ES. Guidoiro Areoso is a small island located in the Ría de Arousa (Pontevedra, Galicia). There is a long known important archaeological record on the islet, namely through the presence of several megalithic tombs (Rey García and Vilaseco Vázquez, 2012). In recent years, the rise in sea level has uncovered new archaeological evidence, while proceeding with the destruction. Thus, during 2014 a shell midden, hidden under a dune that was above one of the megalithic tombs, was exposed. That same year, considering the risk of possible destruction by marine action, we proceeded to sample the uncovered profile. The stratigraphic position of the shell midden and the archaeological material associated (pottery), allowed ascribing its affiliation to the Bronze Age. We present here the preliminary results of the analysis of this important shell midden, reflecting the gathering of varied shellfish although clearly dominated by certain bivalves (Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758 and Mytilus sp.) and gastropods (mainly Patella sp.). Among the animal remains, fish and mammals were also recovered. Guidoiro Areoso is a key site to understand the evolution of marine resources exploitation in Galicia. This site contains the only evidence, discovered and studied so far, of earlier than Iron Age shellfishing activities. The risk posed by the loss of this shell midden and other potential deposits that may exist on the island by marine activity is a reality that must also be highlighted. Keywords: zooarchaeology, shell midden, shellfishing, Bronze Age, Northwestern Iberia References: Rey García, J.M., Vilaseco Vázquez, X.I., 2012. Guidoiro Areoso. Megalithic cemetery and prehistoric settlement in the Ria de Arousa (Galicia, NW Spain), in: Almeida, A.C., Bettencourt, A.M.S., Moura, D., Monteiro-Rodrigues, S., Alves, M.I.C. (Eds.),



Environmental changes and human interaction along the Western Atlantic edge. APEC-CITCEM-CEGOT-CGUP-CCT, Coimbra, pp. 243-258. R5.2 | SHELLFISHING DURING PHASE III OF THE CASTRO CULTURE: MALACOLOGICAL REMAINS FROM MONTE DO CASTRO SITE (RIBADUMIA, PONTEVEDRA, GALICIA) Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez [1], Víctor Bejega-García [1], Eduardo González-Gómez de Agüero [1] & Rafael M. Martínez-Rodríguez [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Área de Prehistoria, Universidad de León, ES. [2] Diputación Provincial de Pontevedra, ES. The archaeological excavations conducted in 2012 at Monte do Castro site (Ribadumia, Pontevedra) documented an extensive occupational sequence spanning from the initial phases of the Iron Age to the Roman conquest. During archaeological works, a shell deposit located near the gateway to the fortified enclosure was excavated. This deposit has been chronologically assigned to Phase III of the Castro culture (2nd century BC – 50 AD). Archaeomalacological analysis shows an absolute predominance of bivalves, mainly from sandy/muddy substrates: cockle (Cerastoderma edule Linnaeus, 1758) and grooved carpet shell (Ruditapes decussatus Linnaeus, 1758). There are also other species of the middle and lower intertidal. The only identified gastropod (Nucella lapillus Linnaeus, 1758) has no nutritional interest. The finding of a deposit with these features and the distance to the sea from the fort repeats some characteristics observed in other sites of Phase III of Castro culture, located far from the coast and where bivalve marine molluscs are identified for the first time. Trade, commerce or prestige..., the consumption of shellfish in these sites seems to anticipate the gastronomic and social value that will reach its peak later, in Roman times. Keywords: zooarchaeology, shellfishing, Iron Age, Castro Culture, Northwestern Iberia R5.3 | ADVANCE MALACOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE PUNIC WALL OF CARTEIA (CÁDIZ, SPAIN) BETWEEN THE 6TH TO 3TH CENTURIES BC Juan Jesús Cantillo Duarte [1], Juan Blánquez Pérez [2] & Lourdes Roldán Gómez [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Ayuntamiento de Vejer de la Frontera. Universidad de Cádiz, ES. [2] Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES. The Carteia archaeological site is located in the town of San Roque (Cádiz). This settlement has a long historiographical tradition that began in the early 1950s with the excavations developed by Julio Martinez Santa-Olalla (Roldan and Blánquez, 2012). Later, between 1965 and 1970, new archaeological activities were carried out by Collantes de Terán, Fernandez Chicarro and Woods thanks to the Bryant Foundation (Woods et al., 1967). After that, a third team of researchers from the University of Seville started new works headed by Dr. F. Presedo (Presedo, 1977). Since 1993, the Autonomous University of Madrid has been developing a research project entitled “Carteia Project”, directed by professors L. Roldan and J. Blánquez (Roldan et al., 2006). The chronological sequence of Carteia begins in the middle of the 6th century BC and continues uninterruptedly until the Late Roman Empire. During Augustan and Early Imperial Age the most monumental buildings were erected whereas in the Late Roman Empire the construction activity decreased. In 2013, in the framework of the “Carteia Project”, we made two stratigraphic tests in the Punic wall located in the north sector of the city (one intramural and one extramural). This archaeological activity provided a chronological sequence since the Punic Phase I (middle of the 6th century until the Republican period). In this excavation, we have documented an important amount of terrestrial and marine molluscs that have provided us a valuable information about its function: marine molluscs used as food, ornaments, sound instrument, etc. Otherwise, in the terrestrial molluscs we have documented a preparation process before consumption. Keywords: marine shells, Punic wall, Carteia, Cádiz References: Presedo, F. R., 1977.Excavaciones en Carteia, San Roque (Cádiz), 1973. Noticiario Arqueológico Hispánico 5, 131-136. Roldán, L., Bendala, M., Blánquez, J., Martinez, S., 2006. Estudio historico-arqueológico de la ciudad de Carteia (San Roque, Cádiz) 1994-1999 (2 vol. Y CD). Arqueología Monografías, Vol 24. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía. Roldán, L., Blánquez, J., 2012. Julio Martínez de Santa-Olalla y el descubrimiento arqueológico de Carteia (1953-1961), Ediciones Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y Trébede Ediciones, Madrid. Woods, D.E., Collantes de Terán, F., Fernández Chicarro y de Dios, C, 1967. Carteia. Excavaciones Arqueológicas en España, 58, Madrid. R5.4 | PURPLE DYE OF THE CORNELII BALBI. FIRST RESULTS OF THE SHELL MIDDENS AND PIGMENTS FROM EL OLIVILLO (CÁDIZ) Darío Bernal-Casasola [1], Jose Manuel Vargas-Girón [1], Juan Jesús Cantillo Duarte [2], Salvador Domínguez-Bella [3], Macarena Lara-Medina [1] & María Soledad Gómez-Muñoz [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Área de Arqueología, Universidad de Cádiz, ES. [2] Área de Prehistoria, Ayuntamiento de Vejer de la Frontera. Universidad de Cádiz, ES. [3] Área de Cristalografía y Meineralogía, Universidad de Cádiz, ES. The University of Cadiz has begun the process of rehabilitation of its future Business Transfer Center, located in the "El Olivillo" building in the historic centre of Cadiz, next to the beach of La Caleta. This has led to the need to undertake an archaeological rescue excavation between July and October 2016. The main archaeological findings relate to a large area of discharge linked to Roman craft activities, as a small port "testaccio" linked to the disposal of waste products coming from the nearby fish-salting plants and related halieutic facilities. Of particular interest is the finding of evidence related to purple-dye production discards. On the one hand three shell-middens, well stratified, in which the almost exclusive presence of Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) murex shells associated with a systematically crushed pattern verifies its connection with obtaining the so famous dye in Antiquity.



Also, pigment remains of different colors associated with this type of dyeing activities have been recovered; and some lead fragments. The chronology of these deposits is located in the flourishing period of the family of the Cornelii Balbi of Gades, the 1st century BC, as has been verified by both stratigraphy and by the ceramic contexts associated with these deposits (black gloss and thin-walled pottery; ovoid, italic and late Punic amphorae, among other elements). This is the third purple-dye workshop found at Gadir / Gades (after the Luis Milena Street one at San Fernando and the one at Sagasta Street, Cádiz), and the first of this chronology throughout the Fretum Gaditanum (Bernal et al., 2014). In this paper, the general problem of this so interesting new archaeological finding and the first results of its archaeological, archaeomalacological and archaeometric characterization are presented. Keywords: Roman, Gades, marine shells, Purple Dye production, 1st century BC References: Bernal, D., Alarcón, F., Cantillo, J.J., Marlasca, R., Vargas, J.M., Lara, M., 2014. La púrpura en la Gades altoimperial. Descargas heterogéneas de artesanías en la calle Sagasta 28, in: Cantillo, J.J, Bernal, D., Ramos, J. (Eds.), Moluscos y púrpura en contextos arqueológicos atlántico-mediterráneos: nuevos datos y reflexiones en clave de proceso histórico: actas de la III reunión científica de arqueomalacología de la Península Ibérica, Cádiz, pp. 299-318.

RCPI – SESSION 6: ARCHAEOMALACOLOGY FROM LATER HISTORIC PERIODS (LATE ROMAN TO MODERN AGE): FOOD RESOURCES AND (PALEO)ECOLOGICAL UTILITY R6.1 | LATE ROMAN FUNERARY MEALS IN THE BAY OF ALGECIRAS (SPAIN)? AN EXCEPTIONAL ARCHAEOMALACOLOGICAL DEPOSIT Darío Bernal-Casasola [1], Juan Jesús Cantillo-Duarte [1,2], Jose Juán Díaz-Rodríguez [1] & María Luisa Lavado-Florido [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Área de Arqueología, Universidad de Cádiz, ES. [2] Ayuntamiento de Vejer de la Frontera, ES. [3] Arqueóloga Profesional, ES. In 2014 and 2015 a rescue archaeological excavation has revealed and partially excavated an interesting new Late Roman necropolis in the Bay of Algeciras (Venta del Carmen site); an area in which the findings of this age are very few, limited to Finca Villegas findings (Bernal and Lorenzo, 2000), the necropolis of Avenida Doctor Fleming (Jimenez et al, 2010) or the cemeteries of Carteia (Roldán and Blánquez, 2011). The fifty burial tombs excavated covered with flagstones have yielded ceramic goods (one-handled jugs, some with combed or printed decoration) and metal objects presenting a range of activity in advanced moments of the 6th and 7th century AD Especially remarkable is the finding of a negative structure, pseudo-circular in shape, associated with the burials, which has brought to light a ceramic context (hand-made pottery with forms like cooking pots, pans and a spoon-strainer related to cooking and food preparation) associated with many burned shells. The archaeomalacological study has allowed to define a collection dedicated exclusively to bivalves, mainly clams of the species Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758), whose sizes were selected intentionally, being all the others accidental taxa. Some Ruditapes decussatus shells, even with the clams linked and closed, they seem to indicate that shellfish could have been cooked and consumed in the same funeral space before being thrown into the pit. All this suggests that possibly they can all be interpreted as remains of funerary rituals linked to the tombs or to the marine resources consumption of those responsible for the necropolis of the nearby Late Roman village to which this cemetery was linked. A very interesting deposit not well known in funerary contexts from Visigoth–Byzantine times, hence their interest and exceptionality. Keywords: Late Roman, Baetica, marine shells, funerary deposit, food ritual remains References: Bernal, D., 2010. Arqueología de la Antigüedad Tardía en tierras gaditanas. Reflexiones y perspectivas de investigación, in: Gutiérrez López, J. M. (Ed.), De la Prehistoria a la Rábita y la Villa. Arqueología de Rota y la bahía de Cádiz. Fundación Alcalde Zoilo Ruiz Mateos, Cádiz, pp. 197-224. Bernal, D., Lorenzo, L., 2000. La arqueología de época bizantina e hispano-visigoda en el Campo de Gibraltar. Primeros elementos para una síntesis. Caetaria, Revista del Museo Municipal de Algeciras, 3, 97-134. Jiménez-Camino, R., Navarro, I., Suarez, J., Tomassetti, J.M., 2010. De Iulia Traducta a Al-Yazirat Al-Hadra. La Algeciras de los siglos VI al VIII a través de la excavación arqueológica de la calle Alexander Henderson, 19-21. Espacios urbanos en el Occidente Mediterráneo (s. VI-VIII), Toletum, pp. 143-152. Roldán, L., Blánquez, J., 2011. Carteia III. Memorial, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Junta de Andalucía y Cepsa, Madrid. R6.2 | ABOUT THE PRESENCE OF MARIN MALACOLOGY IN THE LATE-ROMAN PHASE OF THERMAL BATHS OF THE ROMAN VILLA OF SON SARD (SON SERVERA, MALLORCA) Miquel Àngel Vicens i Siquier [1] & Beatriz Palomar Puebla [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Eco-Consulta. Consultora ambiental, ES. [2] Archaeologist (independent worker), ES. During the tasks of improving the Ma-4034 i Ma-4032 roads, in the town of Son Servera (Mallorca), in 2012, there were discovered the remains of Roman thermal baths re-used during Vandal and Byzantine occupation, as well as other elements that define the pars rustica and the funerary area of the villa. The importance of the findings lies in being the first thermal construction associated with a rural Roman settlement excavated in the Balearic Islands (Palomar et al., 2013). In this communication, marine malacological remains found in different structures belonging to that spa are analyzed, highlighting the representatives of the genus Phorcus. Regarding the remains of Phorcus turbinatus, various biometric measures are obtained and analyzed. There can be observed a very regular pattern in the size of the specimens.



Keywords: Late Roman phase, Vandal and Byzantine age, Balearic Islands, marine archaeomalacological, biometric measures. References: Palomar, B., Cardona, F., Munar, S., 2013. La villa romana de Son Sard. Dades preliminars de les intervencions arqueològiques subsidiàries de les obres de millora de les carreteres MA-4032 i MA-4034 de Son Servera-Mallorca. V Jornades d’Arqueologia de les Illes Balears (Palma, 28 a 30 de setembre de 2012). Edicions Documenta Balear, pp. 181-188. R6.3 | NEW CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PALAEOENVIRONMENT OF THE CASTALLA CASTLE (ALICANTE, SE SPAIN). ANALYSIS OF THE 11–14TH CENTURY ARCHAEOMALACOFAUNA Carlos Martín Cantarino [1], Juan Antonio Mira Rico [2] & José Ramón Ortega Pérez [3]. Contact: [email protected]

[1] Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef” de la Universidad de Alicante, ES. [2] Servei Municipal de Patrimoni Cultural de Castalla / ICOMOS-ICOFORT, Alicante, ES. [3] ARPA Patrimonio S.L., Alicante, ES. In 2009, the Cultural Heritage Council of the Municipality of Castalla (Alicante Province, SE Spain) launched a Project (Projecte de recuperació social del Conjunt Patrimonial del Castell de Castalla) with the aim of managing and promoting the natural and cultural heritage of the castle hill, one of the main historical and cultural spaces of the town. An essential task of this project is the analysis of the unpublished archaeological materials obtained during the important excavation campaign carried out in 1997-1999, in order to improve our knowledge of this historical site. Accordingly, we present here an eco-cultural study of the malacofaunal remains found during these excavations. The archaeological levels belong to the Andalusi (11th century–1244) and Christian times (14–15th centuries). A total of 436 individuals have been found, only 4 of them corresponding to marine species: 2 valves of Glycymeris sp., and 2 specimens of Charonia lampas (L. 1758) (Triton’s trumpet), whose possible instrumental uses are discussed. The rest of remains corresponds to terrestrial gastropods, being the most abundant species: Iberus gualterianus alonensis Ferussac 1821 (46,6 %), Otala punctata (Müller, 1774) (22,1 %), Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774) (18,9%), Sphincterochila candidissima (Drapranaud, 1801) (8,6%) and Theba pisana (Müller, 1774) (3,2%). All of them are considered edible species in present times, so suggesting they were collected for alimentary use. We expose how these data contribute to a better understanding of the site’s paleoenvironment, and its changes through the centuries, and offer new perspectives for the design and implementation of eco-cultural interpretation programs. Specifically, we analyze the relationships between this archaeomalacofauna and the molluscan fauna presently inhabiting the zone, the similarities and differences with the archaeomalacofaunas of other medieval sites in the Alicante province, and the traditional culinary and instrumental uses of these species by local people in historical and modern times. Keywords: archaeomalacology, Medieval Age, environmental-cultural Interpretation programs, Castalla Castle, Spain R6.4 | PALAEOECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT: OYSTERS AND HUMANS IN THE 16TH CENTURY FROM CARTUJA OF SEVILLE (SPAIN) Eloísa Bernáldez-Sánchez [1], Esteban García-Viñas [2] & Gonzalo Barquín-Benítez [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratorio de Paleontología y Paleobiología del Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, ES. [2] Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES. One way to understand the impact that humans have caused in the faunal populations of our environment is undoubtedly through the historical dump produced by our ancestors. These shell middens are an exponent of the trophic activity of humans in the past. The biometric analysis of consumption of certain species preserved on archaeological sites shows the effect of human activity on biodiversity or palaeoecological footprint. Oysters are one of the most common species found in the underground of Seville between the 14th and 18th centuries. Excavations of “El Monasterio de la Cartuja de Santa María de las Cuevas” of Seville have given us a lot of valves belonging to Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1752) dating from the 16th and 17th centuries by the ceramic deposited in the same strata. These oyster valves were part of the feeding of the monks of this monastery. This work focuses on the possible exploitation of oysters in the last centuries as a cause of the present-day status of this species in relation to the human demographic trends experienced. Keywords: palaeobiology, oysters, palaecological footprint, Modern Age, Seville



Friday, April 28th

JOINT POSTER SESSION



EP.1 | BIOACCUMULATION OF METALS IN ANIMAL’S BONES IN THE SW OF SPAIN. FIRST RESULTS USING PIXE TECHNIQUE IN COPPER AGE SAMPLES Esteban García-Viñas [1], Blanca Gómez Tubío [2], Inés Ortega-Feliú [3] & Eloísa Bernáldez-Sánchez [1,4]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales. Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, ES. [2] Departamento de Física aplicada III. Universidad de Sevilla, ES. [3] Centro Nacional de Aceleradores. Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC y Junta de Andalucía, ES. [4] Laboratorio de Paleontología y Paleobiología. Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, Sevilla, ES. The bone tissue is a reservoir of some essential elements for the organism, but also this tissue can accumulate metals produced by pollution. In the SW of Spain some chemical analysis in shells and soils dating in the Copper Age have shown high concentrations of copper (Cu) in the environment (Aléx et al., 2004; Nocete et al., 2005; Carretero et al., 2010). In ancient bones, several processes (during the fossilization) could change the results of chemical analysis due to processes of dissolution, precipitation, absorption, mineral substitution or recrystallization. Our team has essayed different protocols to clean bone samples before use PIXE technique (García-Viñas et al., forthcoming). These protocols were based on the results of Price et al. (1992), Carvalho et al. (2004) and Shafer et al. (2008). After this essay, we have analyzed eight bones from a Copper Age site (Valencina de la Concepción, Seville) with two main objectives: to check this protocol and to obtain a first overview about the metal bioaccumulation in animals due to ancient pollution produced by metallurgy. Our first results show bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn (zinc) in four bone samples, half of the samples analyzed: one cattle, one caprine, one suid and one red deer. These preliminary results could show that the pollution during the Copper Age affects the vertebrate community completely, wild and domesticated species. Keywords: PIXE technique, trace elements, diagenesis, bioaccumulation, subfossil, Copper age, South of Spain. References: Aléx, E., Nocete, F., Nieto, J.M., Sáez, R., Bayona, M.R., 2004. Estudio del impacto medioambiental de la metalurgia prehistórica en el Andévalo onubense: contaminación de las aguas, deforestación y erosión, in: Nocete, F. (coord.), Odiel. Proyecto de investigación arqueológica para el análisis del origen de la desigualdad social en el suroeste de la Península Ibérica. Arqueología Monografías. Junta de Andalucía., Sevilla, pp. 325-342. Carretero, M.I., Pozo, M., Gómez, F., Ruiz, F., Abad, M., González, M.L., Rodríguez, J., Cáceres, L., Toscano, A., Baptista, M.A., Silva, P., Font, E., 2010. Primeras evidencias de contaminación histórica en el Parque Nacional de Doñana (SW de España). Studia Geologica Salmanticensia 46 (1), 65-74. Carvalho, M.L., Marques, A.F., Llima, M.T., Reus, U., 2004. Trace elements distribution and post-mortem intake in human bones from Middle Age by total reflection X-ray fluorescence. Spectrochimica Acta Part B 59, 1251– 1257. García-Viñas, E., Gómez, B., Ortega-Feliú, I., Bernáldez, E., in press. Análisis PIXE en muestras óseas subfósiles: ensayo de un protocolo de preparación. digitAR – Revista Digital de Arqueologia, Arquitectura e Artes. Nocete, F., Álex, E., Nieto, J.M., Sáez, R., Bayona, M.R., 2005. An archaeological approach to regional environmental pollution in the south-western Iberian Peninsula related to Third millennium BC mining and metallurgy. Journal of Archaeological Science 32, 1566-1576. Price, T.D., Blitz, J., Burton, J., Ezzo, J.A., 1992. Diagenesis in Prehistoric Bone: Problems and Solutions. Journal of Archaeological Science 19, 513-529. Shafer, M.M., Sikerb, M., Overdier, J.T., Ramslc, P.C., Teschler-Nicolad, M., Farrell, P.M., 2008. Enhanced methods for assessment of the trace element composition of Iron Age bone. Science of the Total Environment 401, 144-161. EP.2 | BIOSTRATINOMIC ESSAY IN BONES IMMERSED IN MARINE WATER: PRELIMINARY RESULTS Esteban García-Viñas [1], Eloísa Bernáldez-Sánchez [1,2], T. Fernández [3] & M. Bethencourt [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales. Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, ES. [2] Laboratorio de Paleontología y Paleobiología. Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, ES. [3] CACYTMAR. Universidad de Cádiz, ES. In 2012 we studied the faunistic record from two shipwrecks, dated between 16th and 17th centuries, located in Cadiz Harbor (Spain). The faunal assemblage was composed of 120 bones of cattle, caprines, suids, cats and birds that were found in different states of degradation (Bernáldez et al., 2013). After this research, we had two main questions, one of these related to the time of exposition of the bones before they were buried and other one related to the origin of these bones: garbage from the navies or from slaughterhouses located in the bay. The main objective of this research is trying to solve both questions. Some bone fragments of tibia and femur of cattle were placed underwater in the Cadiz coast, half of them were boiled until removing the collagen. These samples were collected at different times around a year to study the bioerosion and the chemical changes in the bone structure using SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Finally, the results will be compared with ancient bones studied in shipwrecks. Keywords: biostratinomy, bioerosion, SEM, EDX, taphonomy, actualistic study References: Bernáldez, E., Gamero, M., García-Viñas, E., Higueras, J.M., Gallardo, M., Alzaga, M., Gómez, A., 2013. Proyecto Delta: un retazo de la vida cotidiana en la bahía de Cádiz, in: Actas del Primer congreso de arqueología naval y subacuática. Ministerio de Educación, cultura y Deporte, Madrid, pp. 1095-1108.

POSTER SESSION EZI2017



EP.3 | A ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON DOMESTICATED CATTLE INTRODUCED IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL: HERITAGE OF THE IBERIAN COLONIZATION Simone Menezes Santos [1], Albérico Nogueira de Queiroz [2], Olivia Alexandre de Carvalho [2], Suely Gleyde Amancio Martinelli [3], Márcia Barbosa da Costa Guimarães [3] & Cristiana de Cerqueira Silva Santana [4]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, BR. [2] Laboratório de Bioarqueologia, Departamento de Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, BR. [3] Laboratório de Arqueologia da Paisagem e Identidade Cultural, Departamento de Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, BR. [4] Laboratório de Arqueologia e de Paleontologia, Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), BR. In this study, we have to refer to the domesticated cattle breed known as "Crioulo Lageano" and their introduction in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), southern Brazil by the Portuguese in the colonial period. The starting point was in part the colonization of Lages-SC, founded in 1766 by pioneers. Historical records show that the race introduced in Brazil was of Iberian origins, such as the investigation into the genetic heritage of these animals (Camargo and Martins, 2005). The bovine "Crioulo Lageano" race would have been a descendant of Portuguese varieties "Minhota" "Barrosã" and "Arouquas". These varieties also had ancestry, similarity and particularity with cattle from Spain (Martins, 2009). The origin of this breed dates back the historical roots of Brazil; their ancestors were introduced by settlers at the dawn of discovery. This bovine race had great importance in the south of the country, both historical and economic contexts between 1869 and 1891, since Brazil was going through significant changes due to the end of slavery. Although it has low meat other varieties of cattle production, this race stands out for presenting a huge adaptation to the tropics and particularly to the various Brazilian ecosystems (Mariante and Cavalcante, 2006). Keyword: domesticated cattle breed, “Crioulo Lageano”, Southern Brazil References: Camargo, A. R. and Martins, M.V. V., 2005. Raça bovina Crioula Lageana, um patrimônio genético A Hora Veterinária, 143, 61-64. Mariante, A. S. and Cavalcante, N., 2006. Animais do Descobrimento, Raças Domesticadas no Brasil, EMBRAPA. Martins, M.V.V., 2009. Raça Crioulo Lageano: O Esteio do Ontem, o Labor do Hoje e a Oportunidade do Amanhã, Lages: ABCCL. EP.4 | TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION AND TAPHONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PLEISTOCENE SITE OF LA SALEMA (FAGECA, ALICANTE) Mauro Ponsoda Carreres [1], Alfred Sanchis Serra [2] & Francisco J. Ruíz-Sánchez [3,4]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departament de Botànica I Geologia (Xarxa de Museus de Paleontologia), Universitat de València, ES. [2] Museu de Prehistòria de València, Servei d’Investigació Prehistòrica, ES. [3] Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, ES. [4] INCYT-UPSE, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Santa Elena, EC.

The paleontological site of La Salema is located in Fageca (Alicante), inside a karst cavity in Late Cretaceous limestone filled with bone-bearing sediments (Almela et al., 1975), where they have found numerous fossils of large mammals on the surface. The site is surrounded by vegetation mesomediterranean, standing at an altitude of 770 meters. In 2004, members of the Asociación Paleontológica Alcoyana ISURUS informed about a hyena fossil skull in this cavity. In 2007, an emergency excavation was conducted at the site by the Universitat de València and the Museo Paleontológico de Elche, after the plunder of this hyena skull. In this study, we have made the identification of skeletal elements and taxonomic classification of those fossils preserved diagnostic characters. In total, we have quantified 330 skeletal remains, of which 165 have been identified. Among the remains identified we have identified 14 different species, of which 6 belong to carnivorous mammals, 6 belong to large herbivorous mammals, belonging to the other two remaining taxa, lagomorphs (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and a tortoise (Testudo hermanni). Paleontological sites provide information on paleobiodiversity, complementing the archaeozoological studies in Palaeolithic sites. Taxa that are recovered in archaeological sites are underrepresented taxonomically because of the conditions of preservation of the remains and the hunting behavior of Hominini, however, paleontological sites provide us with relevant information on the taxonomic composition, and thus complement and mitigate bias information that we usually find in Palaeolithic sites with the same timing and the same geographical context. This study will determine the source of the accumulations from the taxonomic and taphonomic information (Diedrich and Zák, 2006), focusing on some fossils that we believe are interesting, as those who retain some osteopathology, with the ultimate objective of better understanding the Pleistocene palaeoenvironments of southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Keywords: Pleistocene, Taxonomy, Taphonomy, La Salema (Alicante), Prebaetic System, Hyenas Den. References: Almela A., Quintero, I., Gómez, E., Mansilla, H., Cabañas, I., Uralde, M. A., Martínez, W., 1975. Mapa geológico de España. Alcoy (segunda serie, primera edición). Instituto Geominero de España, pp. 9-11. Diedrich, C., Zák, K., 2006. Prey deposits and den sites of the Upper Pleistocene hyena Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823) in horizontal and vertical caves of the Bohemian Karst (Czech Republic). Bulletin of Geosciences 81(4), 237–276.



EP.5 | PALAEOENVIRONMENT RECONSTRUCTION OF MORGOTA SEQUENCE (KORTEZUBI, BIZKAIA, NORTH OF IBERIAN PENINSULA) Aitziber Suárez-Bilbao [1], Haizea Castilla Landa [1], Amaia Ordiales Castrillo [1], Juan Carlos López-Quintana [2], Amagoia Guenega-Lizasu [2], Naroa Garcia-Ibaibarriaga [3] & Xabier Murelaga [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Bilbao, ES. [2] AGIRI Arkeologia Kultura Elkartea y Círculo de Estratigrafía Analítica. Gernika-Lumo, ES. [3] Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, ES. This paper provides the study of the small mammal assemblage from the site of Morgota (Kortezubi, Bizkaia, North of Iberian Peninsula), one of the latest caves in Bizkaia where Palaeolithic rock art has been identified. A test trench has an area of 0.5 m x 0.5 m and a depth of 0.7 m depth, differentiated in three stratigraphic units: Alm Stratigraphic Unit (brown clays and slimes), Amp-Sa Stratigraphic Unit (brown plastic clays with layers of yellow sands) and D-Amp Stratigraphic Unit (altered brown plastic clays), in descending order from top to bottom. Nine species of micromammals belonging to Order Rodentia and Orden Eulipotyphla were identified along the sequence. This assemblage indicates that the warmest environmental conditions occurred in the uppermost level of the sequence (Almp Stratigraphic Unit) coinciding with the major development of the forest mass. A trend toward colder climate conditions has been inferred approaching the top of the stratigraphic sequence. Keywords: palaeoenvironment, small mammals, Palaeolithic, Bizkaia EP.6 | NEANDERTHAL SUBSISTENCE IN PORTUGAL: WHAT EVIDENCE? Mariana Nabais [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Institute of Archaeology, University College London, UK. By consulting the national database for archaeological sites in Portugal, a total of 270 sites are listed as Middle Palaeolithic. By plotting all those sites on a map and adding a few more that are not part of the database, six rough clusters can be identified: (1) the Lisbon region, including the sites south of the river Tejo; (2) the Peniche area; (3) Serra d’Aire and Candeeiros, including Torres Novas and Tomar; (4) the Coimbra area, ranging from Pombal to Cantanhede; (5) Castelo Branco; and (6) the Algarve. Although the great amount of sites recorded, it must be cautioned that nearly half of them were listed as “surface findings”, “artifact scatter” or incorrectly described as “settlement” or “artificial cave”. Excluding all these vague and dubious references, only 136 sites remain, of which most of them (n = 97) are open-air sites. Moreover, only a few sites have been systematically excavated, or present valuable archaeological material and absolute dates. Most sites date from the MIS-3 and MIS-4 but recent chronometric works in two caves have been successful in pushing back chronologies to the MIS-5. Finally, from all the Portuguese Neanderthal occupations only 11 sites provide faunal assemblages. For most, however, the assemblages seem to result from carnivore activity, natural depositions, and in two cases the agent of bone accumulation is not yet defined. Only Gruta Nova da Columbeira, Gruta da Figueira Brava and Gruta da Oliveira show evidence of animal bone accumulations relating to hominin activity, therefore providing valuable contributions to a better understanding of Neanderthal subsistence in Portugal. Keywords: zooarchaeology, subsistence, Neanderthal, Middle Palaeolithic, Portugal EP.7 | ECOSPACES OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA AT THE MIDDLE-UPPER PALAEOLITHIC TRANSITION: A VIEW FROM THE ARCHAEOFAUNAL RECORD Emily Lena Jones [1] & Milena Carvalho [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, USA.

The rich archaeofaunal record of Iberia has long been a productive source of information about changing environments and subsistence patterns. In this poster, we present a meta-analysis of Iberian archaeofaunas dating between 60 – 30 kya. We test the differing impacts of environmental regionalization (using the bioclimatic regions identified by Rivas-Martinez et al. [2004] and World Wildlife Foundations ecoregions as potential baselines) and chronology (as a proxy for Neanderthal and anatomically modern human exploitation) on the peninsula’s archaeofaunas. We use nestedness, cluster (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages [UPGMA]), and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses in combination with jackknifing and rarefaction to establish patterning in archaeofaunas within and between regions. Finally, we use these data to explore if, how, and why patterns of faunal exploitation differed between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans. Keywords: Mediterranean bioregion, Euro-Siberian bioregion, Iberian Peninsula, Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition, compositional analysis References: Rivas-Martínez, S., Penas, A., Díaz, T.E., 2004. Bioclimatic Map of Europe, Bioclimates, Cartographic Service University of León, Spain.



EP.8 | HUMANS, MACROMAMMALS AND MICROVERTEBRATES DURING PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE IN PRAILEAITZ I CAVE (DEBA, BASQUE COUNTRY) Naroa Garcia-Ibaibarriaga [1], Jone Castaños [2], Aitziber Suárez-Bilbao [2], Pedro Castaños [3], Salvador Bailon [4], Xabier Peñalver [5], Sonia San Jose [5], José Antonio Mujika [1], Juan Rofes [6] & Xabier Murelaga [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, ES. [2] Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, ES. [3] Geo-Q, Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Leioa, ES. [4] UMR 7209 – 7194 (CNRS, MNHN), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, FR. [5] Departamento de Arqueología Prehistórica, Aranzadi Society of Science, Donostia, ES. [6] Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, pratiques et environnements (UMR 7209), Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Paris, FR. Praileaitz I Cave (Deba, Basque Country) is one of those caves that can be considered special. Excavated in various campaigns since 2000, the use of this cave is different to the rest of the caves we know of in the Basque Country (Peñalver et al., 2017). Visited sporadically since the Gravettian period, the singularity of the remains dated in the Lower Magdalenian pointed out that this space would have been occupied for non-domestic purposes, probably related to worship activities (Peñalver, 2014). Both the study of macromammal and microvertebrate remains underlines the common use of this cave by carnivores and avian predators. Based on the residue extracted for the sedimentological study, we studied the small vertebrate assemblage from the Solutrean to the Mesolithic (Garcia-Ibaibarriaga et al., 2017). A total of 18 microvertebrate taxa have been successfully identified to the genus and/or species levels. Based on their autoecological affinities, this assemblage suggests that the climatic conditions during the deposition of the oldest levels (Solutrean and Lower Magdalenian) would be colder than in present day. The identification of the macromammal remains recovered during the archaeological excavation has permitted the adscription to 22 species, mainly ungulates and carnivores (Castaños and Castaños et al., 2017). The relative percentage of the different taxa, the origin of the taphocenosis and the anatomical representation are discussed in this work. Among the species consumed by human groups, wild goat, deer and chamois are present, while most of carnivore remains belong to wolf. A hypothesis about the use of the different parts of the cave is proposed. Keywords: vertebrates, worship-cave, palaeoenvironment, cave-use, Cantabrian Range, Iberian Peninsula, Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic References: Castaños, J., Castaños, J., 2017. Estudio de la fauna de macromamíferos del yacimiento de Praileaitz I (Deba, Gipuzkoa), in: Peñalver, X., San Jose, S., Mujika-Alustiza, J.A. (Eds.), La cueva de Praileaitz I (Deba, Gipuzkoa, Euskal Herria). Intervención arqueológica 2000 – 2009. Munibe Monographs. Anthropology and Archaeology Series 1. Garcia-Ibaibarriaga, N., Bailon, S., Rofes, J., Ordiales, A., Suárez-Bilbao, A., Murelaga, X., 2017. Estudio de los microvertebrados del yacimiento de Praileaitz I (Deba, Gipuzkoa). in: Peñalver, X., San Jose, S., Mujika-Alustiza, J.A. (Eds.), La cueva de Praileaitz I (Deba, Gipuzkoa, Euskal Herria). Intervención arqueológica 2000 – 2009. Munibe Monographs. Anthropology and Archaeology Series 1. Peñalver, X., 2014. La cueva de Praileaitz I (Deba, Gipuzkoa). Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastian. Peñalver, X., San Jose, S., Mujika-Alustiza, J.A., (Eds.), 2017. La cueva de Praileaitz I (Deba, Gipuzkoa, Euskal Herria). Intervención arqueológica 2000 – 2009. Munibe Monographs. Anthropology and Archaeology Series, 1. EP.9 | WHO’S TO BLAME? EPIPALAEOLITHIC LEPORID ACCUMULATION FROM CUEVA DE LOS POSTES (BADAJOZ, SPAIN) Nelson J. Almeida [1,2], Hipólito Collado Giraldo [1-3], Palmira Saladié [4] & Luiz Oosterbeek [1,2,5]. Contact: [email protected] [1] QP-CGeo – Quaternary and Prehistory Group, Centro de Geociências/Geosciences Center, Universidade de Coimbra, PT. [2] ITM – Instituto Terra e Memória, Mação, PT. [3] ACINEP, Instituto de Estudios Prehistóricos, ES. [4] IPHES – Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social, Tarragona, ES. URV – Area de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, ES. [5] IPT – Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, PT. Cueva de Los Postes is a small cave part of the Fuentes de León karstic complex located in Tentudía (Badajoz, Spain). On-going archaeological interventions allowed the identification of an important archaeographic record spawning the Pleistocene to historical times, with an important Mesolithic and Neolithic/Chalcolithic use of the cavity for funerary practices. Stratigraphical Units 10 to 21 correspond to Epipalaeolithic chronologies with macrolithic industries, scarce flint geometrics and three decorated limestone plaques. A few radiometric dates on charcoal from Stratigraphical Units 12 to 15 place the occupation in Early Mesolithic times. Although human remains were registered on other Stratigraphical Units, Units 15 to 21 only present archaeofauna remains. From a total of 430 archaeofauna remains, leporids are dominant with a higher representativeness of Oryctolagus cuniculus (NISP 180), followed by Leporidae (NISP 96) and Lepus sp. (NISP 3). Other taxa, i.e., carnivores and avifauna have comparatively lower frequencies. Although striae of undefined origin, scarce shaft cylinders (associated to carnivore action) and thermo-alterations were registered, clear taphonomic anthropogenic indicators of butchering, processing or consumption are absent. This leporid accumulation corresponds to a mixture of ingested and non-ingested remains with partial digestion mainly in moderate and strong degrees. Axial skeleton, scapulae, radii and ulnae have lower relative abundance compared to posterior members. A similar relative abundance between crania and mandibles was registered, with long bones normally preserving at least one of their epiphysis. Skeletal profiles have similarities with actualistic studies from raptors and terrestrial mammals. Tooth marks (10,4%) relevant frequencies have similarities with Vulpes vulpes and Meles meles. Morphometry of pits and depressions have parallels with Vulpes vulpes and Meles meles while scores width are closer to Vulpes vulpes tooth marks. A highly significant statistical correlation was found between the mineral density of different bone portions and their relative abundance. A differential pondering of obtained data suggests that a terrestrial mammal, namely Vulpes vulpes or Meles meles was/were the main agent/s in the accumulation and modification of leporid remains. Keywords: leporid accumulations, Epipalaeolithic, Spain, Extremadura, Cueva de Los Postes



EP.10 | RABBIT ROLE IN PREHISTORIC HUMAN DIET: A REVIEW FROM THE IBERIAN MEDITERRANEAN CENTRAL REGION Alfred Sanchis [1], Cristina Real [2], Juan V. Morales-Pérez [2], Juan J. Gordón [2], Leopoldo J. Pérez [3,4], Manuel Pérez Ripoll [2], J. Emili Aura [2] & Valentín Villaverde [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Museu de Prehistòria de València. Servei d’Investigació Prehistòrica. Diputació de València, ES. [2] Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga. Universitat de València, ES. [3] Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, ES. [4] Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, ES. Rabbit remains (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are very abundant in faunal assemblages of the Pleistocene and initial Holocene archaeological sites of Mediterranean Iberia. We present a review of available data on human consumption of this leporid from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Mesolithic in the central area of Mediterranean Iberia. We review the rabbit assemblages and the taphonomic studies developed to define its importance in the human diet. In this geographical area, consumption of these preys is recorded from the Middle Palaeolithic, but is in the Upper Palaeolithic and Epipalaeolithic when this resource is incorporated into human diet prominently. Taphonomic studies indicate that anatomically modern humans consumed this resource, coming to represent up to 95% of NISP in some assemblages of the Late Palaeolithic. Its exploitation has been linked to a different management model territory in terms of mobility than that of the Neanderthals. Keywords: rabbit, prehistoric diet, taphonomy, Iberian Mediterranean central region EP.11 | TOWARDS A DEFINITION OF THE TARDIGLACIAL-HOLOCENE TRANSITION. MAIN TRAITS OF THE ECONOMIC STRATEGIES OF THE LAST HUNTER-GATHERER COMMUNITIES OF THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA Juan V. Morales-Pérez [1], Manuel Pérez Ripoll [1] & J. Emili Aura Tortosa [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Dept. Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga. Universitat de València, ES. The Pleistocene-Holocene transition is still a topic of debate in the archaeology of southern Europe, whether by itself or as a part of the long transition that began at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and ended with the neolithization process. This work contributes to the discussion from the point of view of the zooarchaeological study of mammal remains from the Tardiglacial and Holocene levels of the Coves de Santa Maira (Alicante) and Cueva de Nerja (Malaga) sites. The aim of this study is to characterize the changing trends in economic models of the last hunter-gatherer communities and their contextualization within the biogeographical area of the Iberian Peninsula. Based on the results of our study, we propose the definition and characterization of two different economic models during this long transition. First, a Palaeolithic tradition model, which continues the specialized hunting of Capra and Cervus, with a clear quantitative predominance of rabbit remains. Second, a new model that involves the reduction of rabbit remains and more diversified hunting strategies. This second model seems to be linked to new Mesolithic technocomplexes and coincides with a series of changes that globally affected social and territorial aspects of these human groups. The paper also compares two economic strategies: a coastal site model (Nerja) and that of an inland mountainous area (Santa Maira). From this point of view, the complementarity between coastal and inland models is reviewed and related to the new territorial trends of the last hunter-gatherer communities (Aura et al., 2009). Keywords: Pleistocene-Holoce transition, Mesolithic, zooarchaeology, economic strategies References: Aura, J.E., Jordá, J.F., Morales Pérez, J.V., Pérez, M., Villalba, M.P., Alcover, J.A., 2009. Economic transitions in finis terra: the western Mediterranean of Iberia, 15-7 ka BP. Before Farming 2009/2, article 4. EP.12 | NEW DATA FOR THE EARLY HOLOCENE IN NORTH-EAST IBERIA: THE FAUNAL RECORD AT COVA DEL SOLÀ DEL PEP (L’HOSPITALET DE L’INFANT, TARRAGONA, SPAIN) Esteban Álvarez-Fernández [1], Mariám Cueto [2] & Didac Román [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Dpto. de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), ES. [2] Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, ES. [3] Secció de Prehistòria i Arqueologia. Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques (SERP). Universitat de Barcelona, ES. The site of Cova de Solà del Pep is located in L’Hospitalet de l’Infant (Vandellós, Tarragona), 2km from the modern coastline. It was excavated by Salvador Vilaseca in the 1930s, when four layers with post-Palaeolithic archaeological materials were found. The archaeozoological remains from the second layer, where a “shell-midden” has been cited, are restudied here. Although marine shells (mainly top shells and mussels) are most abundant, mammal remains and lithic objects have also been documented. Shells of terrestrial molluscs and sea urchin plates and spines have been found in smaller quantities. A radiocarbon determination on a Phorcus turbinatus shell indicates that the cave was occupied in the late Mesolithic, a period for which hardly any information is available in Catalonia. Keywords: marine fauna (molluscs), terrestrial fauna (mammals), Mesolithic, Catalonia



EP.13 | A SPECIAL DEPOSITION OF RED DEER BONES FROM CABEÇO DA AMOREIRA (MUGE, PORTUGAL) Cláudia Costa [1], Célia Gonçalves [1], Sofia Bárbara [2], Nuno Bicho [1] & João Cascalheira [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour, Universidade do Algarve, PT. [2] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT.

According to the available data, red deer is one of the most common species (both in NMI and NISP) in Cabeço da Amoreira, one of the Mesolithic shell midden from Muge complex (Central Portugal). The exploitation of red deer marrow, as well as from other species, has been noted, although in a superficial manner. The importance of marrow exploitation, mainly from long bones, on one hand, and the symbolic importance of red deer hunting, on the other, was recently found at Cabeço da Amoreira in a singular and well preserved context where bones from a minimum of three red deer, some of them clearly opened to obtain marrow, were intentionally deposited in a very confined context along with a set of heavy-duty stone tools and flakes, as well as pebbles and fire-cracked rocks. This study presents the faunal and spatial analysis of this special context and discusses its singularity within other archaeological features of the site. Keywords: Cabeço da Amoreira, Muge shell midden, red deer, deposition EP.14 | CASAIS DA MURETA (ALCANENA, PORTUGAL), A CAVE-NECROPOLIS FROM THE MIDDLE/LATE NEOLITHIC: FIRST DATA ON ITS FAUNAL MATERIALS Maria João Valente [1,2], Ricardo Silva Dias [1], Regina Pereira-Gonçalves [1], Dulce Catarino [1] & António Faustino Carvalho [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT. [2] CEAACP — Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, PT. This work aims to present the first data on the ongoing study of the faunal remains from Casais da Mureta (Alcanena, Portugal). This cave necropolis is located on the eastern rim of the Limestone Massif of Estremadura (Central Portugal), facing the Tagus Valley, where several Early to Late Neolithic cave sites have been discovered from the 19th century forwards (e.g. Almonda, Barrão, Lugar do Canto). The cave itself was found by the end of the 1990s during the construction of a private house. The owner of the house collected a few ceramics, polished stone tools, and, in a higher number, human and animal remains. They were not studied until now. Recently-obtained radiocarbon determinations on human bones resulted in 3300–3000 cal BC, thus suggesting the presence of a necropolis from the Middle/Late Neolithic with associated grave goods and probable animal depositions. So far, the available fauna collection (300+ NISP) is mostly comprised of caprine remains (sheep/goat), although some rabbit, swine and dog have also been identified. This work focuses on their quantification, age estimation and biometry. Keywords: Neolithic, cave necropolis, faunal remains, Portuguese Estremadura EP.15 | EMERGENCE OF ITINERANT PASTORALISM AND CHANGES IN GRAZING SYSTEMS IN NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC PORTUGAL, 6TH-3RD MILLENNIA BC. A FIRST COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW António Faustino Carvalho [1] & Maria João Valente [1,2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT. [2] CEAACP — Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, PT. Zooarchaeological studies in Neolithic and Chalcolithic Portugal have been witnessing important developments in recent years (Valente and Carvalho, 2014). These are still largely based on taxonomic analyses. Other approaches—such as age-at-death profiles, sexual determination, etc.— depend heavily on the abundance and preservation conditions of faunal collections, which are often inadequate; this limitation prevents in-depth studies of animal exploitation strategies (e.g. the characterization and chronological assignment of the “secondary products revolution”). However, two recent studies, derived from isotopic analyses performed on animal bones from Middle Neolithic and Chalcolithic contexts suggested unexpected research possibilities for an in-depth insight on stock-keeping and herding strategies:

1 – Middle Neolithic (i.e., the early stages of megalithism) caprine remains from the Bom Santo burial-cave indicated that some individuals showed strontium isotope ratios compatible with the advent of itinerant pastoralism between the inner Alentejo and coastal Estremadura (Carvalho et al., 2016). 2 – At the Zambujal walled enclosure, a decrease over the Chalcolithic–Bronze Age boundary in the intake of C4 plants in the feeding strategies of caprines was correlated with environmental changes due to the 4.2 ky cal BP (≈2.2 ky cal BC) climatic event or to a major shift in grazing systems (Waterman et al., 2016).

This work will present the follow-up research in Bom Santo and in other Neolithic sites. New data will be addressed in the wider context provided by the above projects, thus allowing a first comprehensive overview, albeit preliminary, on Neolithic–Chalcolithic herding practices. Keywords: Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Southern Portugal, pastoralism, isotopic studies References: Carvalho, A.F., Alves-Cardoso, F., Gonçalves, D., Granja, R., Cardoso, J.L., Dean, R.M., Gibaja, J.F., Masucci, M.A., Arroyo-Pardo, E., Fernández, E., Petchey, F., Price, T.D., Mateus, J.E., Queiroz, P.F., Callapez, P.M., Pimenta, C., Regala, F.T., 2016. The Bom Santo Cave (Lisbon, Portugal): catchment, diet and patterns of mobility of a Middle Neolithic population. European Journal of Archaeology 19:2, 187–214. Valente, M.J., Carvalho, A.F., 2014. Zooarchaeology in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic of Southern Portugal. Environmental Archaeology 19:3, 226–240. Waterman, A.J., Lillios, K.T., Tykot, R.H., Kunst, M., 2016. Environmental change and economic practices between the third and second millennia BC using isotope analyses of ovicaprid remains from the archaeological site of Zambujal (Torres Vedras), Portugal. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 5, 181–189.



EP.16 | ANIMAL REMAINS AND BONE ARTIFACTS FOUND IN THE MEGALITHIC MONUMENT OF CABEÇO DOS MOINHOS, FIGUEIRA DA FOZ, PORTUGAL. A REVIEW Cláudia Costa [1], Carlos Cruz [2], Ana M. S. Bettencourt [2,3] [1] ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour, Universidade do Algarve, PT. [2] Departamento de História da Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, [3] Laboratório de Paisagens, Património e Território – Lab2PT. Departamento de História da Universidade do Minho, PT. Animal remains along with human remains and other items like ceramics, lithics and bone artifacts are widely documented in the funerary contexts of the Late Pre-history of Central and Southern Portugal. The megalithic monument of Cabeço dos Moinhos, located in the parish of Brenha, municipality of Figueira da Foz, is an example of such occurrences. The archaeological collections from the excavations undertaken by Santos Rocha in the 1940s (including ceramics, lithics, bone artifacts and human remains), were stored at the Museu Municipal Santos Rocha at Figueira da Foz and have recently been restudied by us (Cruz et al., 2014). A small collection of faunal remains was also kept along with the other archaeological finds. The list of species shows some diversity and is composed of rabbit, sheep/goat, swine and small carnivores. Despite the impossibility of observing the total collection of bone artifacts recovered and published by Santos Rocha (1949), a revision of a small sample allowed the re-evaluating of the typological classification. Among the most significant is a button with double perforation and what seems to be the “head” of an almeriense idol. Through this find, the influence area of this kind of artefacts has been broaded to Central littoral of Portugal An absolut dating obtained from one of the artifacts will be published, revealing the perfect match with the reuse of the monument during 3rd millennium B.C, that is, in the Chalcolithic, a fact already assumed through the typological study of the ceramics (Cruz et al. 2014). Keywords: megalithic monument, animal bones, worked bones, funerary practices, Chalcolithic References: Cruz, C., Bettencourt, A.M.S., Callapez, P.M, Silva, L.M.S., Monteiro-Rodrigues, S., 2014. Materiais de construção e materiais líticos nas práticas funerárias neolíticas da serra da Boa Viagem (Centro-Oeste de Portugal): o caso do monumento megalítico do Cabeço dos Moinhos, Figueira da Foz. In A.M.S. Bettencourt, B. Comendador, Sampaio, H. A., Sá, E. (Eds.), Corpos e Metais na Fachada Atlântica da Ibéria. Do Neolítico à Idade do Bronze. Braga: APEQ/CITCEM, pp. 9-32. EP.17 | THE CHACOLITHIC OSSEOUS INDUSTRY FROM CASTRO DA COLUMBEIRA SITE (BOMBARRAL, PORTUGAL) Francisco Rosa Correia [1] & Marina Almeida Évora [1,2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT. [2] ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behaviour, PT. One of the very important, but still not sufficiently known aspects of the Chalcolithic economy in the Portuguese Estremadura, is the osseous industry (made from bone, antler, teeth and mollusc shell). This aspect leads to many open questions to be answered, such as reconstructing the chaîne opératoire and identifying workshops, since manufacturing debris often stay unrecognized during field excavations and later during laboratory analysis. In a Pleistocene valley, the Roto Valley, in the municipality of Bombarral, is located the Chalcolithic settlement of Columbeira. It features two belts of reinforced walls with towers. The central fortification of quadrangular format, features circular towers, semi-circular bastions and have an entry turn to the southeast. Discovered at the beginning of the 20th century and intensively explored almost a century afterward, Castro da Columbeira still offers unpublished information on the Chalcolithic of the Portuguese Estremadura. The study of the bone industry from the Castro da Columbeira, which is dated to the Middle Chalcolithic (without Bell Beaker; 3950±30 cal BP) and its results will be presented. The results obtained from this analysis, along with the comparison with contemporaneous sites from the Portuguese Estremadura, will give us a better understanding of this archaeological site, providing a possible existence of a workshop on the site, as well as contributing to a better characterization of the Chalcolithic in the Portuguese Estremadura. Keywords: Portugal, Chalcolithic, Castro da Columbeira, faunal remains, osseous industry

Carlos Pimenta [1], Martina Monteiro [2], Marta Miranda [3] & Ana Catarina Sousa [4]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratório de Arqueociências. Direcção Geral do Património Cultural, Lisboa, PT. EnvArch/CIBIO/InBIO, PT. [2] Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, PT. [3] Câmara Municipal de Mafra. Complexo Cultural Quinta da Raposa, Mafra, PT. [4] UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, PT.

Penedo do Lexim (Mafra, Lisbon) corresponds to a volcanic chimney with large impact in the surrounding landscape, occupied since the late Neolithic to the last quarter of the 3rd millennium BC and punctually reoccupied in the Late Bronze Age and Roman period. This is a 'natural' fortification wall with two lines and several domestic structures of the 3rd millennium BC. The first archaeological work on the site date back to the 19th century (Veiga, 1879), and was developed up between 1970 and 1975 (Arnaud et al., 1971; Arnaud, 1974-75) and recently with a research project developed between 1998 and 2004 (Sousa, 2010). The occupation is structured into three major natural platforms: 1. the upper platform, corresponding to the core of the site; 2. the intermediate platform located average slope, including multiple loci enclosed by rocky outcrops and a lower platform 3, at the base site. Recent excavation campaigns were organized in sectors: at the top, the locus 1; loci in the intermediate platform 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The locus 3 was excavated between 1998 and 2000. It corresponds to a cavity located next to a large vertical

EP.18 | SMALL VERTEBRATES FROM CHALCOLITHIC CONTEXTS IN PENEDO DO LEXIM (MAFRA, LISBOA): THE CASE STUDY OF “ABRIGO LOCUS 3”



outcrop, filled by a large basaltic block. The shelter filling records abundant fauna and micro-fauna, artifacts (pottery, flint) and identified several fragments of human bones, for which there was obtained a radiocarbon dating indicates that an occupation in the third quarter of the 3rd millennium BC (Beta-186855-3850 ± 40 BP, 2460-2200 cal BC), setting up the Middle Final Chalcolithic. The study of a significant number of small vertebrate remains recovered from this context offers an opportunity to gain some data on local environmental conditions (Cuenca-Bescós et al., 2016). Comparison of our results with assemblages from nearby sites such as Castro do Zambujal (Driesch and Boessneck, 1976) and Leceia (Cardoso et al., 1996) will contribute to improve our knowledge on the varied faunal spectrum that inhabited the Portuguese Estremadura during the Chalcolithic. Keywords: small vertebrates, paleoecology, Chalcolithic, Penedo do Lexim, Estremadura, Portugal References: Arnaud, J. M., 1974-77. Escavações no Penedo do Lexim (Mafra) 1975: notícia preliminar. O Arqueólogo Português. 398-406.Arnaud, J. M., Oliveira, V. S., Jorge, V. O., 1971. O povoado fortificado neo e eneolítico do Penedo do Lexim (Mafra): campanha preliminar de escavações (1970). O Arqueólogo Português,97-132. Cardoso, J.L., Antunes, M.T., Mein, P., 1996. Pequenos mamíferos do Povoado Pré-histórico de Leceia (Oeiras). Estudos Arqueológicos de Oeiras 6, 121-133. Cuenca-Bescós, G., López-García, J.M., Blain, H.A., 2016. Les petits vertébrés et la biochronologie, la biostratigraphie et la paléoécologie du Quaternaire. Comptes rendus-Palevol. 6(15), 615-619. Driesch, A. von den, Boessneck, J. 1976. Die Fauna vom Castro do Zambujal (Fundmaterial der Grabungen von 1966 bis 1973 mit Ausnahme der Zwingerfunde), in: Driesch, A. von den, and Boessneck, J. (Eds.), Studien über frühe Tierknochenfunde von der Iberischen Halbinsel 5. Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin der Universität München. Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Abteilung Madrid. München, pp. 4-129. Sousa, A. C., 2010. O Penedo do Lexim (Mafra) na sequência do Neolítico final e Calcolítico da Península de Lisboa, Tese de doutoramento policopiada apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa. Veiga, S. P. M. Estácio da, 1879. Antiguidades de Mafra ou relação arqueológica das características dos povos que senhoriaram aquele território antes da instituição da Monarquia Portuguesa: memória apresentada à Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa. Academia Real das Ciências, Lisboa, 1879. EP.19 | LATE NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC BONE FIGURINES OF LAGOMORPHS VERSUS REMAINS OF RABBIT IN FUNERARY CONTEXTS FROM CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PORTUGAL Ana M. S. Bettencourt [1] & Cláudia Costa [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratório de Paisagens, Património e Território – Lab2PT. Departamento de História da Universidade do Minho, PT. [2] ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour, Universidade do Algarve, PT. Bone lagomorph stylized representations are frequent within funerary practices from Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic in Central and Southern Portugal. In addition, skeletal rabbit assemblages more or less numerous, with or without anatomic articulations, are common. If lagomorph small figures are well known from the archaeological literature and properly studied as parts of the artifact collection—and consequently valued as integrated into funerary rituality—skeletal rabbit remains are not. Their presence in funerary contexts is normally undervalued and ascribed to the fossorial behaviour of the species. In this work, we aim to review the literature about funerary monuments with bone lagomorph figures and/or the presence of faunal remains of rabbit, and explore the hypothesis of the inclusions of the latter in the funerary practices. Furthermore, we will address the importance of taphonomic analyses and approaches to rabbit remains as a methodological tool to clarify their possible condition of elements of anthropic depositions. Keywords: Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic, Central and Southern Portugal, lagomorph representations, rabbit remains, funerary rites, taphonomy EP.20 | FAUNAL REMAINS FROM THE CHALCOLITHIC AND BRONZE AGE OF ALTO DE BRINCHES 3 (SERPA, PORTUGAL) Cátia Saque Delicado [1], Ana Beatriz Santos [1], Eduardo Porfírio [2], Miguel Serra [2] & Cleia Detry [1,3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, PT. [2] Palimpsesto – Estudo e Preservação do Património Cultural Lda, Coimbra, PT. [3] UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, PT. Environmental impact surveys undertaken during construction of the Serpa-Norte water reservoir revealed the archaeological site - Alto de Brinches 3. These included some 224 negative structures, dated from the Chalcolithic to the Modern period. We present a zooarchaeological study of the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age animal remains. The archaeological site of Alto de Brinches 3 includes human and animal burials from both periods. We observed a great diversity of mammals. Red deer (Cervus elaphus), sheep (Ovis aries) or goat (Capra hircus) and pig (Sus sp.) are the most frequent. Through this study, it was possible to identify not only dietary patterns, but also abandonment patterns of these communities. The inhabitants clearly hunted although the bulk of the animal remains comprised domesticated animals, indicating a sedentary farming community, raising cattle and exploiting their secondary products. With regard to the buried animals, it was not possible to determine if they had died of natural causes or if they were sacrificed. One interesting find is a dog (Canis familiaris) burial associated with a human skeleton and also, in another pit, together with other animals, two right mandibles of dog. Keywords: zooarchaeology, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, dog burial



EP.21 | LATE BRONZE AGE FAUNAL REMAINS FROM FRAGA DOS CORVOS (MACEDO DE CAVALEIROS, EASTERN TRÁS-OS-MONTES, PORTUGAL) Margarida Carvalho [1], Elsa Luís [2], Cleia Detry [2] & João Carlos Senna-Martinez [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, PT. [2] UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa. Universidade de Lisboa, PT. This work aims to present the results from the study of faunal remains attributed to a late phase of the Late Bronze Age (LBA) and recovered during the 2011-2016 field seasons at the Sector-M of Fraga dos Corvos archaeological site. The site is located in the Northeast of Portugal, on a schist outcrop in the northwestern slope of Serra de Bornes (Bragança District, Macedo de Cavaleiros County). The Bronze Age habitat of Fraga dos Corvos was surrounded, in the LBA, by a monumental “talud wall” encompassing an area of more than 1ha. Sector-M corresponds to a platform atop the southern end of the site. In the excavated area, the usually difficult preservation of organic remains, due to the generally acidic soils, was counteracted by a layer of small stones in an argillaceous matrix which created good taphonomical conditions for the preservation of faunal remains in the underlying stratigraphical units. As Zooarchaeological studies are scarce in Portugal northernmost areas, the data from Fraga dos Corvos allow us to begin to understand the role domestic and wild species played in the regional LBA subsistence. Domestic species are predominant (Ovis/Capra and Bos sp.) with a smaller presence of wild ones (Sus sp., probably the boar, and Oryctolagus cuniculus). Keywords: Final Bronze Age, zooarchaeology, Northeastern Portugal, Macedo de Cavaleiros, Fraga dos Corvos EP.22 | FAUNAL REMAINS FROM THE LATE BRONZE AGE OF THE OUTEIRO DO CIRCO (BEJA, PORTUGAL) Íris Dias [1], Eduardo Porfírio [2], Miguel Serra [2] & Cleia Detry [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, PT. [2] Palimpsesto – Estudo e Preservação do Património Cultural Lda, Coimbra, PT. [3] UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa. Universidade de Lisboa, PT.

The excavations conducted at the fortified settlement of Outeiro do Circo (Beja), have been proving the presence in this place of a human occupation dated from the Late Bronze Age. Delimited by a unique walled defensive structure, this settlement is implanted in a crest of hills of low altimetry, in an area of fertile soils that have promoted the establishment of several communities in the region through times. In between the collected findings during the several excavations carried out in the framework of two research projects, developed in years 2008-2013 and in 2014/2017, plenty of these were osteological elements, assignable to mammals. This work’s purpose was to analyze this same group, of which the domestic species are the majority. Among the findings, there were remains of goats, cattle, pigs, one dog element and equines. Regarding wild animals, only a deer and a hare were recorded. The preponderance of domestic animals points out that the food resources depended heavily on the livestock. Hunting seems to have been a secondary gain in this settlement’s economy. This scenario proves that the community, in this case, was a highly sedentary community, which invested heavily in the livestock and the agriculture holding. Thus, demanding perpetual intervention by the community to help sustain these same resources. Keywords: zooarchaeology, Bronze Age, Beja EP.23 | AN ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE EARLY IRON AGE IN CANTABRIA SPAIN: EL OSTRERO (ALTO DE MALIAÑO, CAMARGO, CANTABRIA) Esteban Álvarez-Fernández [1], Mariám Cueto [2], Rafael Bolado [2] & Miriám Cubas [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), ES. [2] Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria. Santander, ES. [3] BioArCh, Universidad de York, UK. The site of “El Ostrero”, which is now destroyed, was located in Alto de Maliaño (Camargo, Cantabria), on a hill about 500m from the Boo Estuary. Excavations in 1984 documented a tumulus-shaped deposit, 5m in diameter, formed by a dense accumulation of archaeological remains, including fauna, pottery and metal objects. The faunal remains are restudied here. The number of mammal bones is very small, contrasting with the large quantities of mollusc shells, mainly oysters, clams and razor shells. A radiocarbon determination of an oyster shell dates the deposit’s formation in the Early Iron Age. Keywords: marine resources, terrestrial fauna, shell-midden, Early Iron Age, Northern Spain EP.24 | TAPHONOMIC TOOLS TO INTERPRET AN ANIMAL ENCLOSURE: THE CASE OF THE IRON AGE SITE OF EL TURÓ DE LA FONT DE LA CANYA (BARCELONA, SPAIN) Sergio Jiménez Manchón [1,2], Isabel Cáceres [3,4] & Sílvia Valenzuela-Lamas [1,5]. Contact: [email protected] [1] ASM – Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes, UMR 5140, Montpellier, FR. [2] Labex ARCHIMEDE programme IA-ANR-11-LABX-0032-01. [3] Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, ES. [4] IPHES – Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, ES. [5] Institucio ́ Mila ̀ i Fontanals – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cienti ́ficas (IMF–CSIC), Barcelona, ES. The Stratigraphic Unit 1710 from the Iron Age site of El Turó de la Font de la Canya (7-6th BC) has been interpreted as a pen (an animal enclosure) thanks to taphonomic data. Several faunal remains of this Stratigraphic Unit present bites made by pigs and herbivores (bovines and caprines). Pig bites have been documented on the basis of their morphology and their measurements following present-day referential (Saladié, 2009). Herbivore bites were identified thanks to



their morphology and the pathologies in cattle mandibular teeth, associated to bone gnawing (Cáceres et al., 2011; Cáceres et al., 2013). The combination of these data suggests that this area (SU 1710) could be used as a pen for livestock. This is one of the few cases where an animal enclosure has been identified in an Iron Age site in North-Eastern Spain. This study provides important information regarding pastoral strategies in this territory during the Early Iron Age. Keywords: taphonomy, bite marks, Iron Age, livestock, Northeastern Iberian Peninsula References: Cáceres, I., Esteban-Nadal, M., Bennàsar, M. Fernández-Jalvo, Y., 2011. Was it the deer or the fox? Journal of Archaeological Science 38, 2767-2774. Cáceres, I., Esteban-Nadal, M., Bennàsar, M., Marín-Monfort, M., Pesquero, M. D., Fernández-Jalvo, Y., 2013. Osteophagia and dental wear in herbivores: actualistic data and archaeological evidence. Journal of Archaeological Science 40, 3105-3116. Saladié, P., 2009. Mossegadesd'omnívors. Aproximació experimental i aplicació zooarqueológica als jaciments de la Sierra de Atapuerca. Tesi Doctoral. Departament de Geografia i Història. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Tarragona. EP.25 | MAMMAL REMAINS FROM PARQUE DE FESTAS (TAVIRA). FROM THE IRON AGE TO THE MODERN PERIOD Jaquelina Covaneiro [1] & Sandra Cavaco [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Câmara Municipal de Tavira, PT.

On the site of “Parque de Festas”, two archaeological interventions were carried out with the purpose of assisting the development of the construction project of the Contemporary Art Centre. The first intervention was carried out by Maria Maia and the second by Marina Pinto and Inês Simão, and a long diachrony of occupation of the site was proved. Both interventions allowed to verify that the oldest occupation registered in the place refers to the Final Bronze Age, and a continuity of occupation in the Iron Age. The structures of the Islamic era were greatly affected by the construction of medieval/modern constructions. The “Parque de Festas” is one of the few excavated sites in Tavira that made possible to collect information about the occupation of the city during an extended chronological period. The data presented here are unpublished and refer to the faunal remains from nine archaeological surveys carried out in “Parque de Festas”. In a previous work the data of polls 2, 5 and 6 were shown. The study carried out sought to know the diet of the communities that inhabited the place, trying to perceive changes in the presence and/or absence of animal species throughout the various chronological periods. In the same way, the anatomical representation of the various taxa and the conservation of the bone remains were analyzed. Finally, it was analyzed the management of domestic species and their use, based on mortality profiles. Keywords: Parque de Festas, faunal remains, zooarcheology, Iron Age, Islamic and Modern Period, Tavira EP.26 | CATTLE TRADE DURING THE EARLY ROMAN PERIOD: FIRST EVIDENCES FROM THE TRADING POST OF EMPÚRIES (NORTH-EAST OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA) THROUGH OSTEOMETRIC AND PALAEOGENETIC ANALYSES Lídia Colominas [1], Ceiridwen J. Edwards [2], Pere Castanyer [3], Marta Santos [3] & Joaquim Tremoleda [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica, Tarragona, ES. [2] Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK. [3] Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya–Empúries, Empúries, ES. Written sources show that livestock was traded during the Roman period. However, there is scarce information available to characterize this trade because of its invisibility in the archaeological record. In this presentation, we shed light on this issue by applying both osteometric and genetic analyses on cattle remains from the Roman trading post of Empúries (north-east of the Iberian Peninsula) to determine how livestock contributed to Roman trade and, thus, to the economy of the Empire. Osteometric analysis of 26 cattle metacarpals from Empúries has allowed us to document the presence of three different cattle morphotypes in this city during its Early Roman occupation: very large robust specimens; smaller more gracile specimens; and variably shaped but very small individuals, similar to Iron Age local stock. MtDNA analysis of the same 26 cattle metacarpals has allowed us to document that nine individuals grouped within the T3 or the T/T3 haplogroup and two individuals belonged to haplogroup T1. All the metacarpals belonging to the T3 or T/T3 haplogroup were from the very large robust or smaller more gracile specimens. Conversely, the two T1 metacarpals belonged to the very small individuals. These morphological and genetic differences, plus the large genetic diversity seen in Empúries cattle, can be explained through trade of different specialized cattle varieties. Taking into account the morphological characteristics of the new morphotypes, we suggest that cattle were traded mainly for milk production and traction, and they were used to improve the local stock, which was more suitable for meat production. Keywords: cattle trade, Early Roman period, Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, zooarchaeology, palaeogenetics EP.27 | THE ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE ROMAN PERIOD RECOVERED IN RUA DE SÃO MAMEDE (PUBLIC STREET – Nº19), LISBON Ana Beatriz Santos [1] & Nuno Mota [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, PT. [2] Centro de Arqueologia de Lisboa, PT.

We present a zooarchaeological study of the animal remains recovered during the excavations at Rua de São Mamede – Public Street, in front of n º 19, in 2010, directed by Pedro Miranda and Marina Carvalhinhos. This intervention was part of a series of archaeological excavations under the Study and Valorization Project of Lisbon “Old Wall” (1). The main objective of these project was the identification, dating and recovery of the remains of the medieval urban wall or previous periods, specifically its Western haul for what concerns to this article, which would extend from the South-west area of the “Alcáçova” of Castelo to Ribeira, near the present corner of Rua da Padaria with Rua dos Bacalhoeiros.



In the case of Rua of São Mamede, two surveys were carried out, and none of the contexts were attributable to Late Antiquity or Medieval Period. This faunal study was carried out on the remains from the Roman Period, in order to reconstruct the diet and environment of the ancient inhabitants. A wide range of mammals was present, including sheep/goat (Ovis aries/Capra hircus), cattle (Bos taurus), suids (Sus sp.) and wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). We also recorded remains of molluscs, including oyster (Ostrea edulis). Through this study, it was possible to draw a profile, not only of the diet but also of the pattern of demand and food production of these populations. (1) Municipal Project under the coordination of Manuela and Vasco Leitão (2009-2013). Keywords: zooarchaeology, Rua de São Mamede, animal remains, Roman period, Lisbon EP.28 | ROMAN OCCUPATION AND ZOOARCHAEOLOGY IN THE SETUBAL REGION: FIVE CENTURIES OF ANIMAL REMAINS Cleia Detry [1], Carlos Tavares da Silva [1,2] & Joaquina Soares [1,2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, PT. [2] Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of the District of Setúbal (MAEDS/AMRS), PT. Recent zooarchaeological studies of the sites of Chibanes (Palmela), Creiro (Arrábida) and historic centreof Setubal (Rua António Joaquim Granjo 19), have shown a broad picture of animal use in the Roman period of the Setubal region. Chibanes, an archaeological site located on a hill near Palmela village, with a wide visual control over the Sado and Tagus estuaries, was a strategic point for the Roman domain. The zooarchaeological remains from Chibanes came from Roman Republican layers, with the first phase of military occupation (130 BC – 75 BC) and a second of more domestic type (75 BC – 40 BC). The archaeological context of Rua António Joaquim Granjo 19 was a residential area close to an industrial complex dedicated to fish processing. This site shows relevant zooarchaeological data from the Roman Imperial period of the 1st century AD. The salt- fishing productions complex of Creiro, on the other hand, is located on a platform overlooking Portinho da Arrábida beach; the animal remains came from contexts dated from the 1st century to the 5th century AD. These three sites cover more than five centuries of Roman domain, giving information about human diet and animal husbandry. The results showed that mollusc consumption was, as expected, very important, with both Tagus and Sado estuaries being exploited for that. Big and small game hunting was also important during all these periods and of course cattle, sheep, goat and pig played a very important role in these economies. Keywords: Setúbal, zooarchaeology, Roman period EP.29 | ANIMAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, LAND USE AND ECOSYSTEM VARIABILITY – DECODING STABLE CARBON AND NITROGEN ISOTOPES IN DOMESTIC AND WILD ANIMALS RECOVERED FROM LATE ANTIQUITY SITES OF SOUTHERN PORTUGAL Anne-France Maurer [1], Cristina Barrocas Dias [1,2], Lucija Šoberl [1], Patricia Saragoça [1], André Carneiro [3], Conceição Lopes [4,5], Susana Gomez [4,6,7] & Maria João Valente [4,7]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Laboratório HERCULES, Universidade de Évora, PT. [2] Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Évora, PT. [3] Centro de História de Arte e Investigação Artística (CHAIA). Escola de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de História, Universidade de Évora, PT. [4] CEAACP — Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, PT. [5] Departamento de História, Estudos Europeus, Arqueologia e Artes, Universidade de Coimbra, PT. [6] Campo Arqueológico de Mértola, PT. [7] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT. Traditional Roman animal husbandry and agricultural practices are well documented in literary sources – maintenance of large flocks of caprines (sheep/goat) and extensive production of cereals, wine and olives. In fact, their archaeological visibility can sometimes be limited. Archaeozoological and palaeobotanical studies from recent years have shown that the Romans developed a multifunctional system in which plant and animal husbandry were intertwined. In this study, animal management practices prevailing during the Late Antiquity period in Southern Portugal (5th-8th century BC) are investigated using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N) of faunal bone collagen. The animal remains analyzed and compared come from three different Alentejo sites: Horta da Torre and Monte da Cegonha were villae with Roman and Palaeochristian occupation, Mértola represents an important religious and trading centre located on the Guadiana river, with continued occupation past the 5th and into the 8th century AD. Samples were taken from compact bones of a suite of domestic (Bos taurus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Sus domesticus. Gallus gallus, Equus caballus) and wild species (Cervus elaphus, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Dama dama), adult animals of various trophic levels (herbivores, omnivores and carnivores). Carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios recorded in bone collagen can provide information on the type of plant ingested (C3 – most of trees, shrubs, etc. versus C4 – millet…) and inform on the trophic levels. Feeding and husbandry strategies (grazing/foddering), as well as agricultural practices (crop manuring) used during the Late antiquity period are addressed, combining bone collagen δ13C and δ15N values in combination with the results obtained through zooarchaeological studies. Additional information related to habitat types (open versus close environment) and local nitrogen sources will also be discussed. The results of this study/comparison will be used for establishing the isotopic ecosystem baseline and variability which can be used for further discussion of the subsistence strategy of contemporaneous humans from nearby sites. Keywords: Fauna; Late Antiquity; stable isotopes; Southern Portugal



EP.30 | COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VISIGOTH FAUNA FROM SOUTHERN MADRID: BUZANCA 2, LA INDIANA AND GÓZQUEZ Laura Llorente Rodríguez [1,2], Begoña López Arias [2], Claire Zubiaurre [2], Jesús García García [2], Beatriz Pino [2] & Arturo Morales Muñiz [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] BioArCh, University of York, UK. [2] Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES. Buzanca 2, La Indiana and Gózquez are Visigoth sites in the Southeast region of Madrid which alltogether sum up more than 20,000 faunal remains. Due to their synchronicity in both space and time (6th century AD), they constitute an important source of information on the activities of these sedentary agro-pastoral communities. The presence of the whole spectra of domesticates points toward a diversified and important faunal exploitation in these settlements despite the dominance of caprines and cattle. This can be spotted for example by the unusual representation of mules and pets in the three deposits. The preliminary morphological and osteometric data point out to an intra-specific diversity both within equids and dogs which would suggest different functionalities relying on the morphology and size of specimens. Finally, despite the poor preservation of bone surface at these sites, the taphonomic analysis hinted activities as cat skinning, equid butchery and falconry, the latter postulated by the presence of a semi-complete goshawk skeleton at Buzanca 2 that also exhibited a pathology in one tarsus-metatarsus. Given that these activities were alien to both husbandry and hunting traditions in Iberia previous to the Middle Ages, these zooarchaeological data seem to evidence the imported practices into the region by the Germanic tribes that invaded the subcontinent after the collapse of the Roman Empire. Keywords: Visigoth, Madrid, animal husbandry, hawking EP.31 | FRAGMENTS OF BONE ANVILS (MIDDLE AGES) RECOVERED IN TRANCOSO TOWN: TWO NEW RECORDS Ana Lourenço [1], João Carlos Lobão [2], Maria do Céu Ferreira [3] & Carlos Pimenta [4]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, PT. [2] Prestador de serviços na Câmara Municipal de Trancoso, PT. [3] Câmara Municipal de Trancoso, PT. [4] Laboratório de Arqueociências, Direção Geral do Património Cultural, Lisboa, PT. EnvArch/CIBIO/InBIO, PT. The zooarchaeological study of bone remains recovered during the archaeological excavation carried out to build the Centro de Interpretação Isaac Cardoso – Museu Judaico, in Trancoso (northern Portugal) provided two new fragments of bone anvils manufactured on cow metapodials. They present the typical marks already described in several publications (Esteban Nadal and Carbonel Roure, 2004; Aguirre et al., 2004; Moreno García et al., 2005) – parallel lines of triangular incisions produced by a blacksmith while cutting new teeth on the blades of saw-toothed sickles. The abundant metallic slag found in the same archaeological context suggests the occurrence of a blacksmith working space which probably was abandoned in the middle of 18th century (Francisco, 2014). These samples (associated with ceramics dated of 15th-century) constitute, after the information published in Freixo de Numão (Sá Coixão, 1996), the second reference for northern Portugal. Their association with abundant ceramic fragments and domestic animal remains (Bos taurus, Equus sp., Ovis/Capra, Sus sp.,) derived from food consumption shows this a rubbish dump. The scarce faunal samples available from this Portuguese region increase the interest in the study of such assemblage. In addition, the bone anvils here presented enhance our knowledge on a practice that was abandoned in the Iberian Peninsula just by the mid 20th-century. Keywords: worked bone, bone anvils, Middle Ages, Trancoso, Portugal References: Aguirre, A., Etxeberria, F., Herrasti, L., 2004. El yunque de hueso para afilar la hoz metálica dentada. Munibe 56, 113-121. Esteban Nadal, M., Carbonell Roure, E., 2004. Saw-toothed sickles and bone anvils: a medieval technique from Spain. Antiquity 78, 637-646. Moreno-García, M., Pimenta, C., Ruas, J.P., 2005. Safras em osso para picar foicinhas de gume serrilhado – a sua longa história! Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. 8:2, 571-627. Francisco, J.P.A., 2014. Interveção Arqueológica no Museu Judaico de Trancoso. Unpublished report. Sá Coixão, A. D. N., 1996. Carta Arqueológica do Concelho de Vila Nova de Foz Côa. Vila Nova de Foz Côa: Câmara Municipal. EP.32 | ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE CARNIVORE SPECIES AT CASTELO DE SALIR (LOULÉ, PORTUGAL) AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THESE ANIMALS IN THE MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC PERIOD Soraia Martins [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Câmara Municipal de Loulé, PT. The main objective of this work is to present the zooarchaeological analysis of the carnivores identified in the Castelo de Salir and compare their abundance, diversity and characterisation with other available data for similar sites in Southern Portugal. Located in interior Algarve (Loulé municipality, district of Faro), the Castelo de Salir was excavated in the late 1980s by H. Catarino (1997/98). These archaeological campaigns uncovered several contexts dating from the Almoravid to more Modern periods, even if the core of the materials dates from the Almohad settlement (12nd-13th centuries). More general accounts of the recovered faunal remains (molluscs, mammals, birds and herpetofauna; also fishes) have already been published (Martins, 2015; Valente and Martins, 2015). Given the variability and abundance of carnivores in the Medieval Islamic deposits from Salir — cat (quite abundant), dog, common genet, fox and Egyptian mongoose — it would be important to further review them and, simultaneously, catalogue these animals’ presence in other similar sites. Their considerable presence and diversity unveil a series of questions regarding the human communities and their relationship with these species: Where they companion animals? Helpers in hunting activities? Animals that infiltrated human habitats looking for food leftovers? Could they also be used as food or other material sources (fur, teeth or bones)? In Salir, the observation of different alteration marks (cuts, teeth marks or carbonization) present in the carnivore remains may help on the understanding of these questions.



Keywords: zooarchaeology, carnivore species, Medieval Islamic, Castelo de Salir, Algarve References: Catarino, H., 1997/98. O Algarve Oriental durante a ocupação islâmica – povoamento e recintos fortificados. Al-‘Ulyà 6,. Martins, S., 2015. Estudo Zooarqueológico do Castelo de Salir (Loulé). Contribuição para o conhecimento da dieta alimentar islâmica. Al-‘Ulyà 15, 25-47.Valente, M.J., Martins, S., 2015. Os moluscos marinhos como recurso alimentar no Garb al-Andalus nos sécs. XII-XIII: Os sítios de Cacela Velha (Vila Real de Santo António) e Castelo de Salir (Loulé), in: Gutiérrez-Zugasti, I., Cuenca-Solana, D., González Morales, M. R. (Eds), La Investigación Arqueomalacológica en la Península Ibérica: Nuevas Aportaciones. Actas de la IV Reunión de Arqueomalacologia de la Península Ibérica, Nadir Ediciones, Santander, pp. 200-211. EP.33 | ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF OFICINA DO SENHOR CARRILHO, AN URBAN MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC SITE (LOULÉ, PORTUGAL) Patrícia Aleixo [1], Isabel Luzia [2], Maria João Valente [1,3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT. [2] Câmara Municipal de Loulé, PT. [3] CEAACP — Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, PT. The site of Oficina do Sr. Carrilho, located in the city centre of Loulé (Algarve), was excavated in 1997 under an emergency intervention. The field work has revealed two dumps with Almohad deposits. These had a vast assemblage of pottery remains, metal artifacts, stone and glass fragments and faunal remains. This study aims to present the zooarchaeology study of the collection, including its taxonomic variety, its quantification, and the presence of anthropic handling traits such as cutmarks and carbonization evidence. Data will be used to understand not only the issues related to the diet of the Loulé community, but also other inherent economic aspects. The collection (800+ NISP) is composed of several species, mostly mammals, although a few bird and fishes remains have also been identified. Their order of abundance is the following: rabbit, red deer, sheep and/or goat, rooster, pig and/or wild boar, horse and/or donkey and finally cat. The red deer is the largest source of meat and cattle is absent, making Oficina do Sr. Carrilho unique when compared with other contemporary contexts in Algarve (e.g. Silves in Davis et al., 2008; Castelo de Paderne and Sítio da Portela 3 in Pereira, 2011; Casa das Bicas in Branco and Valente, 2013; Castelo de Salir in Martins, 2013). Keywords: zooarchaeology, Almohad, Islamic Medieval, Algarve References: Branco, R., Valente M. J., 2013. Análise Zooarqueológica dos vertebrados e invertebrados do material proveniente do sítio islâmico da Casa das Bicas (Loulé, Portugal), in: Medina Rosales, N. (Ed.), Atas do VII Encuentro Arqueologia Del Suroeste, 935-949. Davis, S. J. M., Gonçalves, M. J., Gabriel, S., 2008. Animal remains from a Moslem period (12th/13th century AD) lixeira (garbage dump) in Silves, Algarve, Portugal”. Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia 11, 183-258. Martins, S., 2013. Estudo Arqueofaunístico do Castelo de Salir (Loulé): Contribuição para o conhecimento da dieta islâmica. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade do Algarve. Pereira, V., 2011. Estudo Zooarqueológico de Comunidades Islâmicas no Algarve, Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade do Algarve. EP.34 | HEARTHS AND BURNED BONES: THE CASE OF MAGDALENIAN HEARTHS OF COVA DEL PARCO (ALÒS DE BALAGUER, CATALONIA) Óscar P. Parque [1,2], Palmira Saladié [2–4], Xavier Mangado [1], Marta Sánchez de la Torre [1,6], Bàrbara Mas [2] & Josep-María Fullola [1]. Contact: [email protected] [1] SERP – Seminari d’Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, ES. [2] Area de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, ES. [3] IPHES – Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, ES. [4] Unidad asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), ES. [5] GQP-CG, Grupo Quaternário e Pré-História do Centro de Geociências (UI&D 73 e FCT), PT. [6] Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT) – Centre de Recherche en Physique Appliquée à l’Archéologie (CRP2A). UMR 5060 CNRS – Université Bordeaux Montaigne, FR. Changes in colors on bones due to cremations may have different origins, such as the cremation during cooking, use as fuel, cremation in housekeeping of a home area or accidental burning. In order to discern the cremation types and the depositional processes of thermoaltered remains in hearths, we analyzed the taphonomic features of the faunal assemblage from four combustion structures recorded in the Magdalenian site of Cova del Parco (Alòs de Balaguer, Catalonia, NE Iberia) (Fullola et al., 2012). The thermoalteration of the specimens has been studied based on methods described in Stiner et al., 1995, dividing cremations into 5 degrees between slightly burned (partially brown) and completely calcined (white). Double colorations, their distribution in the assemblage and the size of each specimen were also recorded. Results allow us to classify hearths in two groups: those containing less than 50% of thermoaltered bones and those exceeding the 90%. These frequencies have been linked to the size of the remains, indicating that a high fragmentation is related to the intensity of combustion observed in the remains, and it could be also linked to the recurrent reutilization of hearths. The studied assemblage shows, in general, a low degree of thermoalteration, although high intensity cremations have been documented on 6% of the assemblage. Partially brown or partially charred bones stand out within the double colorations identified. This suggests that possibly the specimens recovered in the structures show accidental thermoalterations. The analysis of the anatomical morphology of remains (mainly shafts of long limb bones), together with the study of cremation degrees, allow us to discard the use of these bones as fuel, relating them to different uses, like cooking, and upholding the systematic reutilization of hearths throughout the occupations of the cavity. Keywords: burned bones, hearths, Magdalenian, Cova del Parco, Catalonia



RP.1 | PENDANTS AND BEADS IN SHELL OF THE EARLY UPPER PALAEOLITHIC IN COVA FORADADA (XÀBIA, MARINA ALTA, SPAIN) Ester Verdún-Castelló [1], Angela Fuggi [1] & Josep Casabó i Bernad [2]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Ministère de la culture et de la communication, LAMPEA UMR 7269, Aix-en-Provence, FR. [2] Conselleria d'Educació, Investigació, Cultura I Esport. Direcció Territorial de Castelló, ES. The use of molluscs in the early Upper Palaeolithic is not restricted to its consumption as food. Some examples of the use of shells as ornaments (beads or pendants) have been recorded in these chronologies in the Iberian Peninsula (Álvarez Fernández, 2005, 2006). This is also the case of the site Cova Foradada (Xàbia, Marina Alta). In this work, we present the study of the shell ornaments recovered from the levels II and V (33810±312- 31281±468 Cal BP) (Casabó, 1997, 2014). In these levels the presence of c. 30 shell ornaments has been documented. The taxonomic and biometric analyses have been carried out and the activities implied in the manufacturing process of the beads or pendants have been identified. The taxa used to make them are marine (bivalve and gastropod) and freshwater gastropods. The most abundant taxa are Naticidae Guilding, 1834 and Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758). Keywords: shell ornaments, Cova Foradada, early Upper Palaeolithic, Marina Alta (Spain) References: Álvarez Fernández, E., 2005. La explotación de los moluscos marinos durante el Paleolítico superior y el Mesolítico en la Región Cantábrica y en el Valle del Ebro: pasado y presente de la investigación. Munibe (Antropologia-Arkeologia). Homenaje al Prof. Jesús Altuna. 57, pp. 5-14. Álvarez Fernández, E., 2006. Los objetos de adorno-colgantes del Paleolítico superior y del Mesolítico en la cornisa cantábrica y en el valle del Ebro: una visión europea, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca. Casabó i Bernad, J., 1997. Cova Foradada (Xàbia). Aproximación a la economía y al paisaje de la costa norte alicantina durante el Paleolítico Superior inicial. Cuaternario y Geomorfología. 11(1-2), 67-80. Casabó i Bernad, J., 2014. La esfera de Cova Foradada (Xàbia, Marina Alta), un objeto singular de los inicios del paleolítico superior. Quaderns de Prehistòria i Arqueologia de Castelló. 32, 5-12. RP.2 | FROM THE SEA TO THE CAVE. EARLY UPPER PALAEOLITHIC SHELL BEADS IN NE IBERIA, THE CASE OF FORADADA CAVE (CALAFELL, CATALONIA) Gala García-Argudo [1,2,3], Juan I. Morales [3], Artur Cebrià [3] & Josep M. Fullola [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] URV: Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, ES. [2] IPHES: Institut català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, ES. [3] SERP: Seminari d’Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Universitat de Barcelona, ES. This paper presents the archaeomalacogical assemblage recovered at the Early Upper Palaeolithic sequence of Foradada Cave (Calafell, Tarragona). Recent excavations have uncovered a Pleistocene stratigraphic sequence formed by three main layers. At this time, the cave seems to have been mostly used by carnivores, but evidence of sporadic human occupation has been documented. The techno-typology and the first chronological reports place these occupations along the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition, from the Châtelperronian to the Early Gravettian. The uppermost of these layers has provided a malacological assemblage composed of more than 80 shell beads that were recovered concentrated less than 2m2. A first direct AMS C14 age on a single Homalopoma sanguineum (Linnaeus, 1758) specimen, date this layer ca.31 kyr cal BP, indicating a probable attribution to the Late Aurignacian. In this study, we propose an approach to the chaîne opératoire of the shell ornaments through the analysis of the raw material provenance and selection, modification, use and discard, contributing to define patterns of the human technological behavior. In this way, the perforation and suspension techniques (as well as the use-wear traces) have been determined by digital microscopy equipment, and the pigment residues have been analyzed by X-ray spectrometry. The study of the discarded stage has been based on the breakage patterns and the determination of taphonomic processes. The morphological convergence of the specimens can be understood as a raw materials procurement pattern, as well as the shells provenance (from Mediterranean or Atlantic), can be interpreted as an indicator of local or long distance contacts. In another way, the reconstruction of the chaîne opératoire of this kind of archaeological remains may allow, in a subsequent step, to approach symbolic behaviors as well as to understand the role of shell beads as a group identity marker in the NE Iberia coastline during the Early Upper Palaeolithic. Keywords: Aurignacian, Gravettian, ornaments, shell beads, Catalonia RP.3 | AN EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF MICROMOLLUSCS AS PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL PROXIES: THE HOLOCENE EVOLUTION OF THE AÑAVIEJA LAKE (SORIA, N OF SPAIN) Xabier Murelaga [1], Blanca Martínez-García [1], Amaia Ordiales [1], Mariano Larraz [2], Antonio Pérez [3], Arsenio Muñoz [3] & Aránzazu Luzón [3]. Contact: [email protected] [1] Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, ES. [2] Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental: Zoología y Ecología, ES. [3] Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, ES.

The Añavieja-Dévanos area is located in the NW sector of the Iberian Range (N of Spain), in a temperate climate region without dry season (Oliva-Urcia et al., 2016). This area has many archaeological remains, the first of them dated at circa the 2nd century BC, showing a continuous cultural evolution until recent times (Romera-Zarza, 2012), being the human occupation very related with the water reservoirs. Nowadays, the Añavieja-Añamaza river fluvio-lacustrine system is

POSTER SESSION 5RCAPI



composed of several springs called “Ojos the Añavieja”, but during the Holocene a very shallow lake (Añavieja Lake) was developed in this area. This lake, with 140 km2 of the catchment area and a variable volume depending on season of the year, was artificially dried in 1866 (Coloma et al., 1996). With the aim of to identify the palaeoenvironmental evolution during almost the entire Holocene (10.4 ka cal BP) in this area and its possible impact in the human occupation, in this work we study the micromollusc assemblages preserved in one sedimentary core (AÑ-1, 17.2 m-long) obtained downstream the Añavieja Lake (Luzón et al., 2011). In the 16 studied samples more than 1500 identifiable micromolluscs have been recovered, being the most common the genus Pisidium (Pfeiffer, 1821) and the species Radix balthica (Linnaeus, 1758) and Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758). During Early-Middle Holocene, the predominance of Pisidium and Gyraulus crista remarks the development of shallow lacustrine environment with quiet waters and large vegetation cover related to warm and humid conditions. During the Late Holocene, Pisidium is accompanied by Radix balthica, indicating the presence of swamped areas with high vegetated and running waters correlated with dryer conditions which promote a decrease in water availability. In the core top, the abundance of terrestrial gastropods reflects the human influence in this environment after the desiccation of the Añavieja Lake. Keywords: micromollusc assemblages, Añavieja Lake, palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, archaeological site, Holocene References: Coloma López, P., Martínez Gil, F.J., Sánchez Navarro, J.A., 1996. El drenaje subterráneo de la Sierra de Cameros en la Cuenca del Ebro y su implicación en la génesis de depósitos marginales evaporíticos miocenos. Geogaceta 20, 1264-1266. Linnaeus C., 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiae. (Salvius). Luzón, A., Pérez, A., Borrego, A.G., Mayayo, M.J., Soria, A.R., 2011. Interrelated continental sedimentary environments in the central Iberian Range (Spain): Facies characterization and main palaeoenvironmental changes during the Holocene. Sediment. Geol. 239, 87-103. Oliva-Urcia, B., Muñoz, A., Larrasoaña, J.C., Luzón, A., Pérez, A., González, Á., Jian, Z., Liu, Q., Román-Berdiel, T., 2016. Response of alluvial systems to Late Pleistocene climate changes recorded by environmental magnetism in the Añavieja Basin (Iberian Range, NE Spain). Geol. Acta 14, 139-154. Pfeiffer, C., 1821. Naturgeschichte deutscher Land- und Süsswasser-Mollusken. Erste Abtheilung. Str. 17, 123. Weimar. (Landes-Industrie-Comptoir). Romera-Zarza, A.L., 2012. Conexión con la meseta desde el Ebro por medio de las vías romanas como base de la malla territorial de España. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos. RP.4 | WHERE DID THEY GET IT? RAW MATERIAL PROCUREMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PERSONAL ADORNMENTS AT THE MUGE MESOLITHIC SHELLMIDDENS (CENTRAL PORTUGAL) Lino André [1] & Célia Gonçalves [1]. Contact [email protected] [1] ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behavior. Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, PT. Personal adornments made of shells and bones are very common at the Muge Mesolithic shell middens (central Portugal) since the beginning of the archaeological investigations in the early decades of the 20th century. While many of these items were made from local riverine species, others, such as Antalis vulgaris (da Costa, 1778) and Trivia arctica (Pulteney, 1799) for example, had to be collected possibly as far as 100 km away from the sites. The large faunal assemblage, composed by several mollusc species (mostly gastropods), fish vertebrae and mammal bones and teeth provides an outstanding opportunity to assess the procurement activities and strategies regarding raw material used for bead production. By using geospatial techniques, together with taxonomic and taphonomic analysis, we present a model for the location of the possible acquisition locales and routes, as well as species selection and acquisition strategies, providing important information on traveled distances and accessibility. Keywords: Muge Mesolithic shell middens, Central Portugal, personal adornments, Raw material procurement, GIS RP.5 | IDENTIFICATION AND PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF SHELL REMAINS FROM ABRIGO DO POÇO (LEIRIA, PORTUGAL) Rute Branco [1], Rita Dias [2], João Marreiros [2], Marina Évora [2], Eduardo Paixão [2], Trenton Holliday [3], Vânia Carvalho [4] & Telmo Pereira [2] Contact: [email protected] [1] NAP. Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, PT [2] ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behavior. Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais. [3] Tulane University, US. [4] Câmara Municipal de Leiria, PT. The Abrigo do Poço Rockshelter (Vale das Chitas, Leiria, Portugal) has been excavated since 2015 in the context of the EcoPLis – Human Ocupations in the Pleistocene Ecotones of River Lis Project. Awaiting absolute dates at the moment, it revealed a long sequence filling all the height of the shelter. This sequence was trapped in a breccia deposit with abundant shell, charcoal and firecrackers. The 75cm excavated so far, revealed a top layer of with an Epipalaeolithic like lithic assemblage with very small bladelets. Bellow a different layer had a different set of lithics, with larger bladelets presenting opposed detachments, in the dorsal face, which suggest a possible Solutrean chronology. Both layers had a rich shell matrix with mainly Scrobicularia plana (da Costa, 1778), Cerastoderma edule (Linnaeus, 1758) and Ensis sp. The presence of these species suggests the exploitation of costal resources (presently 25 km away from the site) or, at least, the exploitation of resources from the alluvial basin (~15 Km), although the majority of the lithic assemblage being made of mostly local raw materials. The shell remains analysis — as well as other faunal and vegetal remains analysis — will allow a high resolution diachronic set of data in order to accurately establish relationships between the archaeological-anthropological and the geological-paleoenvironmental records of the area and especially, in this case, a glimpse into Pleistocene and Holocene human economy and subsistence in the archaeologically rich Lis Basin. Keywords: Lis Basin, Palaeolithic, Epipalaeolithic, paleoenvironment



Author Index A Aleixo, P. E8.3, EP.33 Alexander, M. E9.1, E9.2 Almeida, N. E3.5, EP.9 Almisas, S. R3.1 Alonso Valladares, M. E8.4 Álvarez-Fernández, E. E7.3, E7.5, EP.12, EP.23 André, C. E7.2 André, L. R3.5, RP.4 Andrés, M. E7.3, E7.5 Andúgar Martínez, L. E5.5 Araujo Armero, R. R1.2 Arcusa Magallón, H. E3.2 Argant, T. E7.4 Arias, P. R3.6 Ariño Gil, E. E7.5 Arrizabalaga, A. E2.1 Arruda, A.M. E8.2 Aura Tortosa, J.E. EP.11 B Bailey, G.N. R2.1 Bailon, S. EP.8 Bárbara, S. EP.13 Barquín-Benítez, G. R6.4 Barrena, A. R3.1 Bea, M. E2.4 Bejega García, V. R5.1, R5.2 Bernal-Casasola, D. R5.4, R6.1 Bernáldez-Sánchez, E. E5.7, R6.4, EP.1, EP.2 Bethencourt, M. EP.2 Bettencourt, A.M.S. E6.1, EP.16, EP.19 Bicho, N. EP.13 Blánquez Pérez, J. R5.3 Blasco, C. E6.4 Bolado, R. EP.23 Bolín, V. R3.1 Boneta Jiménez, I. E9.5 Branco, R. E8.2, E8.3, RP.5 Brito, M. E6.1 Bugalhão, J. E9.4 C Cabello, L. R3.1 Cabral, J.P. R1.1 Cáceres, I. EP.24 Callapez, P.M. R1.3 Calle Román, L. R3.3 Cantalejo, P. R3.1 Cantillo Duarte, J.J. R3.1, R5.3, R5.4, R6.1 Carbajo-Arana, M. E5.2 Cardoso, J.L. E5.3 Carneiro, A. EP.29 Carneiro, M.C. R4.1 Carvalho, A.F. E4.1, EP.14, EP.15 Carvalho, M. EP.21 Carvalho, M. E1.1, EP.7 Carvalho, O.A. E4.3, R4.2, EP.3 Carvalho, P.C. E7.2

Carvalho, V. RP.5 Casabó i Bernad, J. R2.3, RP.1 Cascalheira, J. EP.13 Castaños, J. E2.1, E2.3, EP.8 Castaños, P. E2.1, E2.3, EP.8 Castanyer, P. EP.26 Castilla Landa, H. EP.5 Catarino, D. EP.14 Cavaco, S. EP.25 Cebrià, A. RP.2 Cerrillo Cuenca, E. E3.5 Chorro, M. E6.4 Cipriano, M. E7.2 Clarke, L.J. R2.1 Clemente, I. R3.4 Cobo-García, A. R2.5 Codina, F. E6.5 Collado Giraldo, H. EP.9 Colominas, L. E7.1, EP.26 Colonese, A.C. E3.3 Comes, P. E3.3 Correia, F.R. E5.1, EP.17 Cortell Nicolau, A. R2.7 Cortés Sánchez, M. R3.3 Costa, C. E6.1, EP.13, EP.16, EP.19 Covaneiro, J. EP.25 Craig, O. E9.3 Crespo-Díez, M. E5.2 Cruz, C. EP.16 Cubas, M. EP.23 Cuenca-Solana, D. R2.5, R3.4 Cueto, M. EP.12, EP.23 D Davis, S.J.M. E3.4, E7.7 Daza Perea, A. E6.2, E6.4 Delibes de Castro, G. E5.2 Delicado, C.S. EP.20 Detry, C. E7.7, EP.20, EP.21, EP.22,

EP.28 Dias, C.B. EP.29 Dias, I. EP.22 Dias, R. RP.5 Dias, R.S. EP.14 Díaz-Rodríguez, J.J. R6.1 Diez Castillo, A. R2.7 Diniz, M. R3.6 Domingo, R. E2.4, E2.5 Domínguez-Bella, S. R3.1, R5.4 Duarte, E. E2.2 Dupont, C. R2.2, R3.6 E Edwards, C.J. EP.26 Elorza, M. E7.3 Emili Aura, J. EP.10 Escuer, T. R1.4X Espejo, M. R3.1 Évora, M. EP.17, RP.5



F Fernandes, P.V. E7.6 Fernández Rodríguez, C. E5.2, E9.3, R5.1, R5.2 Fernández, D. R3.1 Fernández, T. EP.2 Ferratges, E. E4.5 Ferreira, M.C. EP.31 Flores Fernández, R. R1.2 Fuentes, P. E7.3 Fuertes Prieto, N. R5.1 Fuggi, A. RP.1 Fullola, J.M. EP.34, RP.2 G Gabriel, S. E7.3, E7.5, E9.4 Gallego, A. E7.1 García García, J.J. EP.30 García Martínez de Lagrán, I. E3.2 García Puchol, O. R2.7 García-Argudo, G. RP.2 García-Argüelles, P. E1.3, R3.4 García-Escárzaga, A. R2.1, R2.5 Garcia-Ibaibarriaga, N. E2.1, EP.5, EP.8 García-Viñas, E. E5.7, R6.4, EP.1, EP.2 García, J. R1.4X Garrido Pena, R. E3.2 Gavilán Zaldúa, M. R3.3 Gómez Tubío, B. EP.1 Gómez-Muñoz, M.S. R5.4 Gomez, S. EP.29 Gonçalves, C. EP.13, RP.4 González-Cabezas, O. E7.3, E7.5 González-Gómez de Agüero, E. E9.3, R5.1, R5.2 González-Morales, M.R. R2.1, R2.4, R2.5 Gordón, J.J. EP.10 Grau-Sologestoa, I. E8.1 Guenega-Lizasu, A. EP.5 Guimarães, M.B.C. E4.3, R4.1, R4.2, EP.3 Gutiérrez-Zugasti, I. R2.1, R2.4, R2.5, R2.6 H Heras, J. E7.7 Hofman, A. E3.2 Holliday, T. RP.5 I Iriarte-Chiapusso, M.J. E2.1 J Jiménez Manchón, S. EP.24 Jones, E.L. EP.7 K Kunst, M. E5.3 L Lara-Medina, M. R5.4 Larraz, M. RP.3 Lavado-Florido, M.L. R6.1 Leonard. J.A. E5.7 Liesau, C. E6.4, E9.5 Llorente Rodríguez, L. E6.4, E9.3, R1.2, EP.30 Lloveras, L. E1.3, R1.4X, R3.4 Lobão, J.C. EP.31 Lopes, C. EP.29 López Arias, B. EP.30 López-Quintana, J. C. EP.5

López-Romero G. de la Aleja, E.

E5.6

Lourenço, A. E4.2, EP.31 Loza Uriarte, M. E8.1 Lozano Francisco, M.C. R3.3 Luís, E. EP.21 Luís, S. E8.3 Luzia, I. E8.3, EP.33 Luzón, A. RP.3 M Mangado, X. EP.34 Manso, C. R1.1 Marreiros, J. RP.5 Martín Cantarino, C. R6.3 Martín-Vela, R. E5.2 Martin, A. E6.5 Martinelli, S.G.A. E4.3, R4.2, EP.3 Martínez Sánchez, R.M. E5.4 Martínez-Cuesta, R. R2.6 Martínez-García, B. RP.3 Martínez-Rodríguez, R.M. R5.2 Martínez, S. E9.4 Martins, L. E8.3 Martins, S. E8.3, EP.32 Martyn, R. E9.3 Mas, B. EP.34 Maurer, A.F. EP.29 Menduiña, R. E6.4 Mira Rico, J.A. R6.3 Miranda, M.M. EP.18 Miret-Mestre, M. R1.4X Monteiro, M. EP.18 Montes, L. E2.5 Morales Muñiz, A. E6.4, E9.3, EP.30 Morales-Pérez, J.V. E4.4, EP.10, EP.11 Morales, J.I. RP.2 Moreno García, M. E3.2, E4.2 Moreno, A. R3.1 Mota, N. EP.27 Mujika, J.A. EP.8 Muñoz, A. RP.3 Murelaga, X. E2.1, E2.3, EP.5, EP.8, RP.3 N Nabais, M. E1.2, R2.2, EP.6 Nadal, J. E1.3, R1.4X, R3.4 Navarrete, V. E3.1, E3.3 Niso Lorenzo, J. E8.1 Novella Dalmau, V. E6.5 O Odriozola Lloret, C. R3.3 Oosterbeek, L. E3.5, EP.9 Ordiales, A. EP.5, RP.3 Ortega Pérez, J.R. R6.3 Ortega-Feliú, I. EP.1 Ortiz, J.E. E2.1 Otto, T. R3.1 P Paixão, E. RP.5 Pajuelo Pando, A. E6.3 Palet, J.M. E7.1 Palomar Puebla, B. R6.2



Pardo Gordó, S. R2.7 Parque, O. EP.34 Parrilla Girádez, R. R3.3 Pascual Benito, J.L. R2.7 Pastoors, A. R3.1 Peate, D.W. E5.3 Peñalver, X. EP.8 Pereira-Gonçalves, R. EP.14 Pereira, T. RP.5 Pereira, V. E7.2 Pérez Ripoll, M. E2.2, E4.4, EP.10, EP.11 Pérez-García, A. E9.5 Pérez, A. RP.3 Pérez, L. E4.4, EP.10 Pessoa, M. E7.6 Pimenta, C. E1.2, E4.2, EP.18, EP.31 Pino, B. EP.30 Pires, A. E8.3 Ponsoda Carreres, M. EP.4 Porfírio, E. EP.20, EP.22 Portero, R. E7.3, E7.5 Prado, G. E6.5 Q Queiroz, A.N. E4.3, R4.2, EP.3 R Ramos, J. R3.1 Rasilla, M. E2.2 Real, C. E2.2, E4.4, EP.10 Rey-García, J.M. R5.1 Ribeiro, J.P.C. E6.1 Ríos, P. E6.4 Rivals, F. E7.1 Rodríguez-Marcos, J.A. E5.2 Rodríguez, O. E7.3 Rofes, J. EP.8 Rojo Guerra, M. E3.2 Roldán Gómez, L. R5.3 Román, D. EP.12 Rosado-Méndez, N.Y. E1.3 Rosell, A. E3.3 Royo Guillén, J.I. E3.2 Ruiz Lara, D. E5.4 Ruíz-Sánchez, F.J. EP.4 S Saladié, P. E3.5, EP.9, EP.34 Sampaio, H.A. E6.1 San Jose, M. EP.8 Saña, M. E2.4, E2.5, E3.1, E3.3, E4.5,

E5.5, E6.5 Sanchez, I. E6.5 Sanchez, M.J. E6.1 Sanchez de la Torre, M. EP.34 Sanchis, A. E2.2, E4.4, EP.4, EP.10 Sanguino-González, F. E5.7 Santamaría, D. E2.2 Santana, C.C.S. E4.3, R4.1, R4.2, EP.3 Santana, H.A. R4.2

Santana, J.A.C. R4.1, R4.2 Santos, A.B. EP.20, EP.27 Santos, J.F. R4.2 Santos, M. EP.26 Santos, S.M. EP.3 Saragoça, P. EP.29 Sastre, J. E7.3 Sauqué, V. E2.2 Senna-Martinez, J.C. EP.21 Serra, M. EP.20, EP.22 Sierra, A. E2.4, E2.5 Silva, C.T. EP.28 Silva, F.H.M. R4.1, R4.2 Simón Vallejo, M.D. R3.3 Soares, J. EP.28 Šoberl, L. EP.29 Soler Mayor, B. R3.2 Sousa, A.C. EP.18 Suárez Revilla, R. R2.4, R2.1 Suárez-Bilbao, A. E2.1, EP.5, EP.8 Subirà, M.E. E3.3 T Tafelmaier, Y. R3.1 Tapia, J. E7.3 Tejedor Rodríguez, C. E3.2 Tente, C. E4.1 Tereso, S. E7.2 Tormo, C. E2.2 Tornero, C. E3.1, E3.2, E4.5 Torres, T. E2.1 Toso, A. E9.1 Tremoleda, J. EP.26 Tykot, R.H. E5.3 U Utrilla, P. E2.4 V Valente, M.J. E5.1, E7.6, E8.2, E8.3, EP.14,

EP.15, EP.29, EP.33 Valenzuela, S. E7.7, EP.24 Valero, A. E7.3, E7.5 Vargas-Girón, J.J. R5.4 Vázquez, M. E7.3 Vega, J. E6.4 Vera Peláez, J.L. R3.3 Verdún-Castelló, E. R2.3, RP.1 Veropoulidou, R. R1.4X Vicens i Siquier, M.A. R6.2 Vijande, E. R3.1 Vilaseco-Vázquez, X.I. R5.1 Villaverde, V. E4.4, EP.10 W Waterman, A.J. E5.3 Weniger, G.C. R3.1 Wright, L. E5.3 Z Zilhão, J. E1.2, R2.2 Zubiaurre, C. EP.30

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