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BIO201 Handouts
LowerLimbsPartIBonesoftheLowerLimbs
PelvicGirdle
Thelowerlimbisattachedsolidlytothecoxalboneandfunctionsinsupportandmovement
Consistsofo Sacrumo
Rightandleftcoxalbonesformedfromthefusionof
ilium ischium pubis
Pelvic(Hip)Girdle
Twohipbones(eachalsocalledcoxalboneoroscoxae)o
Attachthelowerlimbstotheaxialskeletonwithstrong
ligamentso Transmitweightofupperbodytolowerlimbso
Supportpelvicorgans
Eachhipboneconsistsofthreefusedbones:ilium,ischium,andpubis
Togetherwiththesacrumandthecoccyx,thesebonesformthebonypelvis
HipBone
Threeregions Ilium
o Superiorregionofthecoxalboneo
Auricularsurfacearticulateswiththesacrum(sacroiliacjoint)
Ischiumo Posteroinferiorpartofhipbone
Pubiso Anteriorportionofhipboneo Midlinepubicsymphysisjoint
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Coxalbones
Thecoxalbonesarticulate:o Witheachotheratthepubicsymphysiso
Withthesacrumatthesacroiliacjointo Withthefemurattheacetabulum
Musclesattachto:o Anterioriliacspinesandtheischial
tuberosities Ligamentsattachto
o
Theposterioriliacspines,ischialspines,andischialtuberosities
Thefemalepelvishasalargerpelvicinletandoutletthanthemalepelvis
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TheLowerLimb
Carriestheweightofthebody Subjectedtoexceptionalforces
Threesegmentsofthelowerlimb
o Thigh:femuro Leg:tibiaandfibulao
Foot:7tarsalbonesintheankle,5
metatarsalbonesinthemetatarsus,and14phalangesinthetoes
Thethighboneisthefemur Largestandstrongestboneinthebody
o
Thefemurarticulateswiththecoxalbone(head),thetibia(medialandlateralcondyles),andthepatella(patellargroove)
o
Sitesofmuscleattachmentarethegreaterandlessertrochanters,aswellastheadductortubercle
o Sitesofligamentattachmentarethelateralandmedialepicondyles
Thelegconsistsofthetibiaandthefibulao
Thetibiaarticulateswiththefemur,thefibula,andthetaluso
Thefibulaarticulateswiththetibiaandthetaluso
Tendonsfromthethighmusclesattachtothetibialtuberosity
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BonesoftheLeg
Tibiao Mediallegboneo Receivestheweightofthebody
fromthefemurandtransmitsittothefoot
Fibulao Notweightbearing;noarticulationwithfemuro
Siteofmuscleattachmento Connectedtotibiabyinterosseous
membraneo Articulateswithtibiaviaproximal
anddistaltibiofibularjoints
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AnkleandFoot
Seventarsalbonesformtheproximalportionofthefootandfivemetatarsalbonesformthedistalportion
Thetoeshavethreephalangeseach,exceptforthebigtoe,whichhastwo
Thebonyarchestransferweightfromtheheelstothetoesandallowthefoottoconformtomanydifferent
positions
