BOLONG FENYO COMMUNITY WILDLIFE RESERVEthegambiawildlife.com/protected-areas/bolong-fenyo...Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve 4 Limited Used Zone It is the biggest area of the

BOLONG FENYO COMMUNITY WILDLIFE RESERVE

UPDATED MANAGEMENT PLAN

JULY 2011

Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve

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FOREWORD

This Management Plan for BolongFenyo Community Wildlife Reserve (BFCWR) provides

guidelines for the conservation and management of natural resources, tourism development and

community participation in natural resource management. It provides a framework for the

conservation of natural and cultural resources in and the surrounding areas of the Wildlife

Reserve. It will be in force for 10 years from 2011 to 2020 and is subject to review after every

three years.

Biodiversity has been utilized for socio-economic development, while providing to the local

communities, local and international visitors splendid recreational opportunities. Bolong Fenyo

Community Wildlife Reserve is well placed for the improvement of community livelihood,

biodiversity conservation and tourism development objectives. It is envisaged that the

Community Wildlife Reserve will safeguard the biological diversity and the landscape within the

Bolong Fenyo Area for the benefit of contemporary and future generations.

The Management Plan was updated through a consultative, interactive and participatory Strategic

Planning Process (SPP) involving key stakeholders such as the Chairman of BFCWR, Director

of Gunjur Environment Group (GEPADG), Side Management Committee Chairman and his

members, local community members, government departments and volunteers. It was produced

through the support and sponsorship of UNDP. It emphasized on stakeholder’s consultative

process, on planning, implementing and checking the balance between the preservation and

utilization of biodiversity, to ensure long-term survival of Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife

Reserve and wildlife that will largely be introduced, in a way that will benefit local, regional and

international visitors.

My hope is that this important document will be a functional and reliable to all concerned and

responsible for Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve.

Alpha Omar Jallow

Director

Department of Parks and

wildlife Management


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve, 10 year Management Plan has been updated

through the Strategic Planning Process (SPP), a participatory approach process adopted by the

Department of Parks and Wildlife Management (DPWM).

This participatory approach brought together BFCWR Chairman, Director of Gunjur

Environment Group, SMC Chairman and his committee members, local communities, DPWM

and other government departments. The process was achieved through an inter-disciplinary core

planning team made of experts from DPWM and government line departments.

Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve purpose and Exceptional Resources

The BFCWR’s purpose is derived from the exceptional resource values that can be categorized

as natural and heritage. The purpose of the Wildlife Reserve as resolved by stakeholders is:

To protect water resources; uphold the co-existence of wildlife and man; and encourage

stakeholders’ participation in the co-management of wildlife for sustainable utilization and

economic benefit for the local people and private sector.

The wildlife and heritage resources are among the exceptional resources of Bolong Fenyo

Community Wildlife Reserve. The BFCWR is surrounded by settlements and is underutilized for

tourism purposes. There is a high potential of providing unique tourism experience in the

Wildlife Reserve.

Zoning Scheme

The Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve zonation is aimed at providing a framework for

achieving and reconciling the management needs for sustainable utilization of Natural and

Heritage Resources and regulating and promoting visitor use. The zones identified in the

planning workshops are namely Strictly Reserved Zone, Limited Used Zone, Intensive Used

Zone, Buffer Zone and Cultural Preservation Zone.

Strictly Reserved Zone

It is the whole area right at the middle of the reserve called (Fabadinka), the area stretches 100

meters either side along the banks of the bolong (see zonation map). In these selected areas there

are no existing trails, it is set aside for monitoring and research purposes. No one is allowed to

venture in there except the managers of the area. These areas are very important for conservation

hence we are struggling to regain the amount of species lost long time ago before the inception

of the area as a protected area. The bolong is playing an important role for it being the wildlife

corridor for species to come and settle in the reserve.


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Limited Used Zone

It is the biggest area of the reserve, which encompasses the coastline, the seasonal swamp area,

and the rest of the wetland area, the grassland, and some part of the woodland areas. With an

estimated area of 65% more than the total area of the reserve set aside for potential tourism

activities.

The bolong is a very important feature in the whole set up because of being the wildlife corridor.

Only bikes and foot users are supposed to utilize the trails which lead to the village. Non-

consumptive exploitation of natural resources and activities are allowed here. It is in this area

where there is forest cover with thick forest, having animals like hyenas, bush buck, rats and

grass cutters. Part of this area is used for palm wine tapping, firewood, and fencing. Long time

ago it used to be an upland rice farming area.

Intensive Used Zone

It is a stretch covering the area between the road leading to the fisheries center at the beach side

and the mangrove fringe on the eastern border of the reserve. This area is suitable for a planned

office building to be constructed. The area consists of 40ha of dry woodland where cattle graze

and controlled logging or pole collection is done by adjacent community members. Palm wine

tapping, palm nuts and leaves collection are allowed in the area under serious supervision. The

authorization of this kind of exploitation will be centralized at the management headquarters

where acquisition of permits will be enforced. Cattle grazing on vegetation needs to be

monitored so that an acceptable level of utilization can be determined. The activities mentioned

above will help in maintaining the area open to enable nocturnal antelopes occurring in the

reserve to have grazing patches.

Buffer Zone

The Buffer Zone is the 50 meter-radius-boarder around the BFCWR. The zone’s particular

interest is to provide a safeguard to resources of the Wildlife Reserve.

The Cultural Preservation Zone

The Cultural Preservation Zone is the smallest zone of BFCWR. The zone has particular interest

in the management of Historic sites in the Wildlife Reserve for Visitor Use Experience.

Management Categories

The Management Plan emphasizes on implementing the plan under the following key categories:

Natural Resources

Management and Operation

Local Community

Cultural and Heritage Resources


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Natural Resources

The programme’s strategy is based on ecological management and monitoring. It ensures that all

components and processes of natural resources are conserved through the implementation of

strategies designed to reduce specific threats of the environment and resources present in the

Wildlife Reserve.

Management and Operation

The management and operation category is based on facilitating sustainable utilization and

protection of natural resources of BFCWR. It also facilitates for the smooth running of

management issues relating to the Wildlife Reserve.

Local Community

The Local community category is a strategy that emphasizes support and involves collaboration

of the surrounding local communities. It includes scaling up local community participation in

conservation and protection of natural resources by encouraging environmentally friendly

livelihoods and settlements patterns.

Cultural and Heritage Resources

The strategy is to provide an exceptional experience for both local and international visitors for

economic benefits to local communities and the nation at large.

Action Plans

The action plans for each of the four mentioned categories provide a clear summary of

management actions to be carried out under the BFCWR Management Plan. Also provided are

activities and timeframe for which they will occur, input requirements and responsibility for

implementation.

Monitoring Plan

The monitoring framework of this Management Plan concludes the document. The framework

provides guidance for the regular assessment resulting from the implementation of the actions

outlined in this document and also in ensuring appropriately mitigated negative impacts, ultimate

success of the plan and maximized overall benefits.


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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AO P Annual Operational Plan

DBH Diameter at Breath Height

DPWM Department of Parks and Wildlife Management

EAs Environmental Audits

EPBs Environmental Project Briefs

FD Forestry Department

GEF Global Environmental Facility

GOTG Government of the Gambia

HQ Head Quarters

ICAM Integrated Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Management

LAU Limits of Acceptable Use

L&S Lands and Survey

MOU Memorandum of Understanding

NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

NEA National Environmental Agency

NGO Non- Governmental Organization

PA Protected Area

PC Project Coordinator

PMU Project Management Unit

PPP Public Private Partnership

PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal

PRCM Programme Regional de Conservation Cotiereet Marine

PSC Project Steering Committee


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SMC Site Management Committee

SPP Strategic Planning Process

TA Technical Assistant

TOR Terms of Reference

TNP Tanbi National Park

TWC Tanbi Wetland Complex

WB World Bank

WWF World Wide Fund for Nature

WWF/WAMER World Wide Fund for Nature/West African Marine Eco Region


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DEFINITIONS

Bush Camp is a small-scale integration of accommodation units and minimum equipment at the

tourist site that would service tourists. The accommodation units are semi-permanent structures.

Campsite is a site provided to tourists for day use or overnight stay with communal facilities.

Night accommodation in tents or caravans is permitted. There are several types depending on

users or managers as follows: Public, Private, Walking Safari and Canoeing Camping sites.

Developer is a person who, or entity which, proposes to undertake a new project or to repair or

extend an existing project which falls within the list of projects provided for in the First Schedule

and Second Schedule who, or which, is responsible for obtaining the appropriate authorization.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic examination conducted to determine

whether or not a proposed project, or alteration to an existing project, or alternatives, may have

significant adverse or beneficial impacts on the environment.

Mobile Safari is a type of travel for visitors by vehicle and being able to combine with walking

safari, which is conducted by operators and shifting places designated to stay for nights in the

Wildlife Reserve.

Permanent Structure is a building structure whose base and walls are made of stone or concrete

works.

Picnic Site is a site provided to day visitors for temporary rest and has sitting facilities to allow

visitors take quick meal or snacks. No cooking facilities are provided.

Safari Lodge/Safari Camp is an integration of accommodation, offices and equipment units at

the tourist site that would service tourists. The accommodation units are permanent structures.

Safari lodge refers to a large-scale tourist unit with full catering services.

Semi-Permanent Structure is a building structure with a base made of permanent material such

as stone or concrete and removable upper part of tent, reed grass or wood.

Tourist is a person who enters the wildlife reserve for the purpose of recreation and enjoyment

paying appropriate fees.

Visitor is a person who temporarily enters the wildlife reserve legally. This may, for example, be

a tourist, government employee on business or a person who passes through the wildlife reserve.


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Contents FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................... 2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 3

Zoning Scheme .............................................................................................................................................. 3

Strictly Reserved Zone .................................................................................................................................. 3

Limited Used Zone ........................................................................................................................................ 4

Intensive Used Zone ...................................................................................................................................... 4

Buffer Zone ................................................................................................................................................... 4

The Cultural Preservation Zone .................................................................................................................... 4

Management Categories ............................................................................................................................... 4

Natural Resources ......................................................................................................................................... 4

Local Community .......................................................................................................................................... 4

Natural Resources ......................................................................................................................................... 5

Management and Operation ........................................................................................................................ 5

Local Community .......................................................................................................................................... 5

Cultural and Heritage Resources .................................................................................................................. 5

Action Plans ................................................................................................................................................... 5

Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................................................................ 5

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................... 6

DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 8

1.1 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................... 14

1.2 LOCAL COMMUNITIES ................................................................................................................. 15

2.0 PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................... 15

2.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................... 15

2.1.1 Climate ................................................................................................................................ 15


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2.1.2 Geology and geomorphology .............................................................................................. 16

2.1.3 Soils ..................................................................................................................................... 16

2.1.4 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................ 16

2.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................... 17

2.2.1 Flora .................................................................................................................................... 17

2.2.1.1 Fauna ................................................................................................................................... 17

3.0 BFCWR PURPOSE, EXCEPTIONAL RESOURCES ................................................................................ 23

3.1 BFCWR PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................ 23

3.2 EXCEPTIONAL RESOURCE VALUES .............................................................................................. 23

4.0 PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND CONCERNS ............................................................................................... 24

4.1 Land Tenure ................................................................................................................................ 24

4.1.1 Past Land Use ...................................................................................................................... 24

4.1.2 Present Land Use: ............................................................................................................... 25

4.1.3 Conservation and Management of Natural Resources ....................................................... 25

4.1.4 Landscape............................................................................................................................ 25

4.1.5 Ecological Relationship and Implication for Management: ................................................ 25

4.2. Factors Influencing Achievement of Long-term Objectives ........................................................ 26

4.2.1 Internal Natural or Biotic Factors ........................................................................................ 26

4.2.2 Internal Human Induced Factors (abiotic) .......................................................................... 26

4.2.3 External Human Induced Factors ........................................................................................ 26

4.2.4 Factors Arising from Legislation .......................................................................................... 26

4.2.5 Available Resources ............................................................................................................ 27

5.0 MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................ 27

5.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 27

5.2 NATURAL RESOURCES OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................. 27


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5.3 MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OBJECTIVES ......................................................................... 28

xii) To secure transport and equipment (logistics); and ....................................................................... 28

xii) To train both the staff and the local community operators. .......................................................... 28

5.4 VISITOR USE AND EXPERIENCE MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES ...................................................... 29

5.5 LOCAL COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES ...................................................................... 29

5.6 CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES ................................................................. 30

6.0 MAINLAND ...................................................................................................................................... 30

Zoning: ................................................................................................................................................ 30

6.1 MANAGEMENT ZONE PLAN ........................................................................................................ 30

6.2 MANAGEMENT ZONING CONCEPT ............................................................................................. 30

6.3 RATIONALE FOR THE ZONING CONCEPT ..................................................................................... 30

6.4 LIMITS OF ACCEPTABLE USE (LAU) .............................................................................................. 31

7.0 MANAGEMENT ZONING SCHEME CONCEPT................................................................................... 31

7.1.2 Present State ....................................................................................................................... 31

7.1.3 Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 31

7.1.4 Access .................................................................................................................................. 32

7.1.5 Visitor Use and Experience ................................................................................................. 32

7.1.6 Permissive Development .................................................................................................... 32

7.1.7 Limits of Acceptable Use ..................................................................................................... 32

7.1.8 Future Permissible Development ....................................................................................... 32

7.2 Limited used zone ....................................................................................................................... 32

7.2.1 Present State ....................................................................................................................... 32

7.2.2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 32

7.2.3 Access .................................................................................................................................. 33



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7.2.5 Permissive Developments ................................................................................................... 33


7.2.7 Future Permissible development ........................................................................................ 33

7.3 Intensive used zone ................................................................................................................ 34

7.3.1 Present State ....................................................................................................................... 34

7.3.2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 34

7.3.3 Access .................................................................................................................................. 34


7.3.5 Permissive Developments ................................................................................................... 34


7.3.7 Future Permissible Development ....................................................................................... 35

8.0 COASTAL ZONE ................................................................................................................................ 35

4. Threats to Ecological Integrity or Species: .......................................................................................... 36

5. Vision, Goals and Strategies: ............................................................................................................... 37

EDUCATION & AWARENESS .................................................................................................................... 39

RESOURCES PROTECTION ....................................................................................................................... 41

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................. 42

9.0 INVESTMENT PLAN AND BUDGET ................................................................................................... 42

9.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 42

9.1.1 Natural Resources Management Actions ........................................................................... 43

9.1.2 Management and Operations Actions ................................................................................ 48

9.1.3 Local Community Actions .................................................................................................... 51

9.1.4 Visitor Use and Experience Actions .................................................................................... 54

9.1.5 Cultural Resources Actions ................................................................................................. 56

10.0 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT .................................................................................. 64


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10.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 64

10.1.1 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURERS ................................................... 64

10.1.2 Mitigation Measures and Recommendations for the Construction of a Community camp

site on the Periphery of the Wildlife Reserve ................................................................................... 65

10.1.3 Mitigation Measures and Recommendations for Erecting an Electric Fence Line ............. 66

10.1.4 Mitigation Measures and Recommendations for Developing a Picnic Site ........................ 67

10.1.5 Mitigation Measures and Recommendations for Developing a Bush Camp ...................... 68

10.1.6 Mitigation Measures and Recommendations for Developing a Safari Lodge .................... 70

10.1.7 Mitigation Measures and Recommendations for other Wildlife Reserve Users ................ 72

10.1.8 Organization, Staffing and Administrative Structure .......................................................... 73

11.0 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN................................................................................................................. 76

11.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 76

11.1.1 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK ..................................................................... 76

11.1.2 Monitoring .......................................................................................................................... 76

The proposed implementation action plan provides: ................................................................................ 77

11.1.3 Evaluation............................................................................................................................ 77

11.1.4 Feedback ............................................................................................................................. 78

12.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................ 80

Appendix I ................................................................................................................................................... 81

Appendix II .................................................................................................................................................. 85

Appendix III ................................................................................................................................................. 87


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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve is situated along the Atlantic coast of

West Africa, in the Gambia. The geographical coordinates of the site are 16°46’E - 16°

47’ E - 13°09’N -13°29’N (16°46’E-13°09’N).

In addition to its important scientific location, the site is situated within easy access of

existing centers of population such as the capital city Banjul (35 Km), Serekunda and

other areas like Bakau and Brikama. The reserve includes 400 Meters of coastline open

beach.

The Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve is a proposed protected area owned by

the community of Gunjur, covering 320 hectares. It has a very important and high

diversity of avi-fauna. That was the cause of its protection. It is more importantly a

roosting and feeding area for terns, gulls and other species. The Bolong Fenyo

Community Wildlife Reserve is to be gazetted as the first national community owned

reserve and although not yet designated, it has been an area under close monitoring as an

African Waterfowl Census area since 2000.

The driving force for the formulation of the Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve

Management Plan has been the need for improved management of natural resources in

the Wildlife Reserve and enhancing protection of natural resources in BFCWR for the

benefit of both local community and the government.

The Management Plan therefore provides guidelines to sustainably manage and utilize

the Wildlife Reserve’s natural and heritage resources and exploit the potential of

providing exceptional visitor use experience.

1.1 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

The Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve is under developed despite the high

potential of providing local and international tourists. There are not enough tourism

facilities to accommodate the expected clientele. Gunjur Eco-lodge is currently providing

the only accommodation facility in the area. Heritage sites, water wildlife based sport are

potential visitor experiences for BFCWR.

Bolong Fenyo was a community and traditional lagoon first occupied by Biyaros and

Doumung Sanyang. This is a heritage site of the Wildlife Reserve and has a great

potential of diversifying, if exploited, from only wildlife utilization for tourism. The

wildlife resources such as game, birds, fish and plants have a potential of encouraging the

participation of local communities and consequently increased economic benefits.


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The BFCWR presents itself as an ideal area for nature-based tourism, drawing the scenic

beauty from the prevailing vegetation that is still largely intact. Once the Wildlife

Reserve has been rehabilitated and secured the animals insitu will be one of the key

attractions to the visitors and tourists. The hard infrastructure will include a lodge, bush

camp, museum, campsites, picnic sites, loops, quarantine center, underground cabling

communication and electricity systems.

Walking safaris, game drives, canoeing, sport fishing, bird watching and picnicking will

be amongst the broader visitor experiences and opportunities. Currently, there is very

little tourism taking place in the area.

The management-zoning scheme facilitates for tourism development and ensures

continued satisfaction of visitor and local community activities. The prescriptions and

Limits of Acceptable Use are a mechanism put in place to ensure tourism and local

community activities complement biodiversity and wildlife conservation.

1.2 LOCAL COMMUNITIES

The Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve is occupied by Biyaros and Doumung

Sanyang. These people within the area are historically hunters and benefit from wildlife

(game, fish and forest products). There used to be annual traditional fishing called

BOLONGSO which involved wider community participation.

The increase in human population and consequently, demand on wildlife resources has

influenced a shift in livelihood. The present livelihood primarily relates to fishing,

farming and collection of forest products. Income generation was from the sales of

shrimps and oyster with traditional/seasonal fishing and boating.

2.0 PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

2.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

2.1.1 Climate

The climate of the Gambia is sub tropical or “soudano-sahelian” with a long dry season

from November to May. According to Camara and Drammeh Fatty (1997), the average

annual rainfall is about 800-1200m per year, concentrated in the rainy season from June

to October, but the amount, intensity and distribution is highly variable throughout the

country and from one season to another. Long-term data suggested that annual average

rainfall has been declining over the last 30 years. A decreasing trend in rainfall has been

observed since the sixties, a cooler period in the eighties and lower atmospheric humidity

during seventies and eighties. Average daily temperatures are 30°c in the dry season and

27°c in the wet season. The tidal range reaches a maximum during equinox spring tides at

2.0m, and influences the river level as far as Fatoto 10 Km from the eastern boundary of

the country .as indicated in FAO UNEP (1996), cool, dry dusty winds blow in from the

Sahara Desert during the months from November to April.


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Behind the mangrove fringe there are salt flats, where the salinity is too high to support

vegetation with the exception of a few hardly plants such as the succulent Sesuvium

portulacastrum. As the land rises to the East, the saline intrusion diminishes and the river

takes on freshwater characteristic with water lilies and other aquatic herbs choking the

watercourses during the rainy season. It is a dynamic system and significant changes can

result from a single flood or storm (Department of Parks and Wildlife Management,

1997).

2.1.2 Geology and geomorphology

According to Whyte and Russell (1988), this laterite can be distinguished from the

ironstone crust formation that occurs in the East part of the country on several

characteristics. The literate is softer, less dense, contains significant quantities of

Kaolinitic clay and include more embedded Quartz grains thus the deposit can be

considered to have progressed less far along in the process of laterization.The rocky

headlands are eroding but the sandy part of the coastline have been a predominantly

deposition zone since the end of the Noakchoktian transgression (White and Russell,

1988).

2.1.3 Soils

Soils of The Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve generally consist of in the

western part of the country are deeper while those in the eastern part are literate sand and

gravel with alluvium deposits. According to FAO UNEP .1996, soils characteristically

shallow usually less than 0.5 m, with underlying cuirass.

The predominantly sand deposits in the surf zone (present beach) and the raised or

ancient beach (usually covered with vegetation) have been grouped together as the

Holocene coast beach complex FAO UNEP, 1996 .The raised beaches consist of

yellowish medium to fine sands with distinctive black colouring as a result of heavy

mineral presence (ibid). Whyte and Russell (1988) pointed out that the modern beach

consists of white to yellow, fine to medium grained, well-sorted quartz sand. The surface

of the surf often has a dark color due to the presence of a veneer of fine grained sand

containing heavy mineral.

2.1.4 Hydrology

The BFCWR with an area of 320ha has a boundary line of 8 km. The area covers 40km2

incorporating the river bed of 20ha. In the catchment area, a community of mangrove

covering 8,5ha is partially affected by bush fires. The slope is very steep and exceeds 5%

in some areas.


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The bolong that cut the reserve in two was in the past connected to the ocean. It depended

a lot on the tidal waves of the Atlantic Ocean thus the presence of the mangrove in the

area.

Presently, lots of trees and animal species have disappeared or have become rare. Around

Fabadinka, the mangrove is heavily degraded and bare sand deposit is prevailing with

acidification process at a very advanced stage.

2.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

2.2.1 Flora

The major vegetation types are:

Shrub woodland species

Dry coastal woodland species

Mangrove species

Salt pan and mud flats species

Seasonal freshwater swamps species

There has never been any assessment or research to establish the number of plant species

found within the Reserve. However, to date a total of 41 species have been recorded

through observations made by rangers in the field.

2.2.1.1 Fauna

To date a total of 16 mammal species and 11 reptilian species have been recorded.

Offshore there are three-crab species, humped back dolphin, upside-down jellyfish and

mudskipper. Since there has never been any comprehensive inventory of the fauna, the

above being results of casual observation probably reflect the characteristic species. The

green turtle (Chelonia mydas) a nationally threatened species also occur within the area

and breeds along the coast.

For mammal, the following were recorded: Epaulet fruit bats, western red colobus,

calithrix monkey, Senegal bush baby, Bush buck, red flanked duiker, clawless otter, par

dine genet, crested porcupine, serval, Gambian mongoose, hyena (spotted), Sun squirrel,

and ground squirrel, cane rat, Gambian giant porch rat and hare.

The following reptiles were also recorded: African rock and royal pythons, Puff adder,

spitting cobra, African bush snake, black forest cobra, sand snake, Nile monitor, Nile

crocodiles, leatherback and green turtles, chameleon, red flank and armetage skink,

skinless and geckoes. For offshore fauna, the humped back and bottlenose dolphins, pilot,

Bayde’s and Minke whales occur.

The avi-fauna is probably the most known component of the area. According to Sanyang

et al (2006) 74 species of birds from 61 families, were recorded from the reserve. Among

these resident species account from 61%; intro-African migrant 11% and paleartic

migrants 27%. This was out of 515 species in total nationally and 75 families nationally.


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However, the latest record according to Claydens (1998) has reached 439 species for

BFCWR.

There is no official data on the status of amphibians and fish species that occur within

BFCWR. There has been no investigation into the diversity of invertebrates apart from

some sporadic studies of the lipidoptera, which have yielded 31 species (L Bannet, pers.

Com).

Species that are considered the most important for conservation in the area are the green

and leatherback turtles (chelonia mydas), and the hump backed dolphin.

2.2.1.2 Plant Communities

The Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve; incorporates mangroves, dry

woodlands and coastal dune scrub woodland. Along the seashore these are a series of

lagoons. The area has exceptionally high habitat diversity within its comparatively small

area. Such habitats include marine, estuary, fresh water mash, coastal dune, mangrove,

woodland/savannah and thicket.

Since there has never been any comprehensive assessment of the Bolong Fenyo

Community Wildlife Reserve, there is no reliable data on communities in the reserve.

However, the two most common species that occur in the mangrove saltpan area are the

red mangrove Rhizophora racemosa and the white mangrove Avicenia nitida. The

mangrove forest which lost its provision of salt water because of the sand deposit at the

mouth of the bolong, supposed to provide fish nursery and breeding ground for crab,

shrimps, molluscs and other crustaceans. With the availability of fresh water during the

rainy season, the area is a prime nesting site and roosting areas for multitudes of

shorebirds, rare and migratory birds.

Characteristic plants in the scrub and woodland areas of the reserve are Acacia spp,

Thinning polio stigma (Poliostigma thonningii), African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa),

mango (Mangifera indica), baobab (Adansonia digitata), fig (ficus sp), rhun palm

(Borassus senegalensis).This more or less open area has basically primary vegetation

type, that has been affected by anthropogenic factors over the years and which has

maintained the open nature of the zone.


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Hydrology survey team mangrove die back

Dried river bed in the dry season scenic view of the reserve


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3.0 BFCWR PURPOSE, EXCEPTIONAL RESOURCES

3.1 BFCWR PURPOSE

The BFCWR purpose is to protect water resources; uphold the co-existence of wildlife

and man; and encourage stakeholders’ participation in the co–management of wildlife for

sustainable utilization and economic benefit for the local people and private sector.

With the creation of BFCWR the main purposes, which will be achieved by an

intersectoral approach to resources management will be as follows:

i) Restore indigenous forest;

ii) Introduce various non-exotic and alien species of fauna for the conservation of

biodiversity;

iii) Protect cultural and environmental values for the area;

iv) Develop tourism and recreational activities for Banjul and The Gambia as a

whole;

v) Create opportunities for conservation education, scientific research; and

vi) Contribute to socio-economic well-being of the surrounding communities through

generation of income as well as foreign exchange from tourism.

By so doing BFCWR will provide a base for long term conservation education, scientific

research and promotion of appropriate tourism for the benefit of the present and future

generation.

These shall be undertaken by means of observing the following parameters:

i) Quota system for harvesting forestry and wildlife resources;

ii) Limits of acceptable use in the respective zones; and

iii) Environmental Impact Assessment.

The testing of these parameters will be conducted through the use of the monitoring and

compliance mechanisms.

3.2 EXCEPTIONAL RESOURCE VALUES

The identified exceptional wildlife and heritage resources in BFCWR reclassified as

Natural and Heritage resources.


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Water Resources: The BFCWR is endowed with water reserves and wildlife. Water

reserves include Bolong lagoon, swamps and the Atlantic Ocean and provide for game

and vegetation in the Wildlife Reserve. The Atlantic Ocean which is adjacent to BFCWR

is a potential area for water related sport.

Wildlife Resources: To date a total of 16 mammal species and 11 reptilian species have

been recorded. Offshore there are three-crab species, humped back dolphin, upside-down

jellyfish and mudskipper. The green turtle a nationally threatened species also occur

within the area and breeds along the coast. For mammals, the following were recorded:

epaulet fruit bats, western red colobus, green velvet monkey, Senegal bush baby,

bushbuck, Crested porcupine, Gambian mongoose, spotted hyena, sun squirrel and

squirrels in general. The following reptiles are also available in the Wildlife Reserve:

African python, puff adder, spitting cobra, black forest cobra, sand snake, Nile monitor

lizard, green turtle, chameleon and geckoes.

4.0 PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND CONCERNS

The problems, concerns and issues identified are classified as Land tenure, past land use,

present land use, nature conservation, landscape and ecological relationship.

4.1 Land Tenure

The Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve is a proposed community owned reserve

under the responsibility of GEPADG, so it is under a formal system of land use tenure.

Most of the surrounding areas are private farms and the rest are state owned land

(Tourism Development Area (TDA), along the coast). There has not been some research

to determine the percentage of the various forms of land use around the proposed reserve

including village owned land and private farms.

4.1.1 Past Land Use

BFCWR is bounded to the west by miles of splendid beach, the Kombo’s give the capital

a pleasant rural hinterland, easily accessible and scenically attractive. According to

Tomkinson (1987) the first Mandingos found a safe and peaceful haven here after their

14th

–15th

century trek west. With time most villages or settlements were founded by

marabous that came to Kombo from Sonko –Godwin (1995) the villages include Gunjur,

Jambur, Sanyang, Brufut and Kartong.

In the recent past, the swamp areas of Gunjur were used for growing rice and some other

cash crop production. Other forms of past land use include some fire wood extraction,

horticultural production, palm leave gathering, palm wine tapping, oyster collection, palm

nut extraction for palm oil, hunting, grazing and access to and from fishing pirogues.


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4.1.2 Present Land Use:

The Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve is a strictly communal land owned by

the Gunjur Community. Limited cattle grazing and access to and from the fishing area.

There is no zonation within the reserve. There is also the fishing centre and ice plant as

well as the processing and marketing of fish and other product. The proliferation of beach

bars and lodges in the area is becoming a concern.

4.1.3 Conservation and Management of Natural Resources

Prior to the advent of the GEPADG as an NGO, there was virtually no nature

conservation management in the area.

4.1.4 Landscape

The topography of the area is generally flat to the South but rising at roadside to the

North to approximately low above high tide level with a gradual slope to coastal area.

4.1.5 Ecological Relationship and Implication for Management:

The ecological value of the reserve is very high especially for avi-fauna (both migratory

and residential), zoological (both marine and terrestrial), botanic and also encompassing a

cultural site. it is not a self-contained ecosystem so that its long-term viability will be

largely affected by surrounding human activities with a bearing on the area. These

activities include poaching, logging, beach driving, firewood collection, and so many

others. Consequently the whole of the Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve

should be protected. Before any development projects are carried out, in the area, there

should be an assessment of their impacts on the wildlife and the environment.

Furthermore, where appropriate such projects should be assessed during and after

implementation by way of environmental audits (EIA &EMP). In the same vein, the

effect of the high way /Kombo coastal road (which passes on the northern side of the

reserve) on wildlife and the environment should be continually assessed vis a vis future

rehabilitation programme.

The area is very fragile and provides critical roosting ground for both residential and

migratory species of birds. It is also a breeding ground for green turtles.

Coastline erosion has been documented as one of the environmental hazard that has

degraded the Gambian coastline. According to FAO, UNEP (1996), the rate of erosion of

the Gambian coast has been estimated on the average of 1 to 2 meters per year amounting

to a land loss average of 2.5 to 3 hectares of land per year or 200-300 000m3 /year (Delft

Hydraulics, 1992). Coastal erosion is caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors.

So unless effective coastal erosion combating measures are taken, the area will be

seriously devastated in few years. The main threats or disturbance factors here are the

highway (road, pollution, sand mining, coastal erosion, poaching, logging and beach

driving).


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4.2. Factors Influencing Achievement of Long-term Objectives

4.2.1 Internal Natural or Biotic Factors

Owing to low level of precipitation and season variations, there is variation in water

level. For instance, during the rainy season, the bolong Fenyo is usually completely full

of water. Over the past couples of years, the regime is so low that there is no break

through to the ocean to allow sea water flow in the area at high tide.

The occurrence of wildfires in the reserve can also impact on the vegetation in that it will

favour specific vegetation types thus modifying the habitat patchiness with the overall

effect on shaping new patterns of natural succession in vegetation.

4.2.2 Internal Human Induced Factors (abiotic)

Human disturbances on the critical coastal area can negatively impact on the colonies of

migrant bird species and especially the green turtles. These disturbances include beach

driving and egg collection. For instance, the coastal area is considerably vulnerable in

that disturbance on the vegetation here can lead to high level of soil erosion which will

negatively affect the green turtle and other species occurring in the area.

Furthermore, beach driving can destroy turtle eggs and cause disturbance to the feeding

and roosting birds. Likewise, pollution of the water can have negative impacts for the

variety of dependant wildlife species as well as other tiny marine creatures at the bottom

of the food chain.

4.2.3 External Human Induced Factors

The Kombo coastal Highway was conceived without any comprehensive Environmental

Impact Assessment and the diversion of the water flow away from its original path has

diminished tremendously the amount of water in the Bolong Fenyo. The implication of

this is that the hydrological regime was reduced and the break through became no more

possible. Notwithstanding the amount of water collected by the numerous plantations

along the bolong from the coastal road towards the reserve, erosion and pollution caused

by human activities can lead to increased sedimentation, poor water quality and wildlife

diseases downstream. Furthermore, diversion of water supply (ie: irrigation) upstream

will lead to a significant reduction of water quantity downstream resulting in the increase

of the mangrove die back all over the reserve.

4.2.4 Factors Arising from Legislation

The management of The Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve will be guided by the

objectives of the proposed community reserve defined earlier on during the Participatory Rural

Appraisal with the legal mandate of the recent Biodiversity Act (2003). The enforcement of the

wildlife conservation act is one of the main management activities of the reserve. To give it more

power, the wildlife conservation act amendment decree was enacted in 1996, by the new

government. However the Wildlife Conservation Act (1977) has got a lot of loopholes and

weaknesses, which makes it unsuitable for the present realities on the ground. Apart from


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sustainable tourism and management activities, no other form of natural resource exploitation is

allowed in a protected area in the Gambia, the Bolong Fenyo included.

However in this area, limited grazing is allowed as well as access to and from fishing

pirogues. Fishing and clam gathering are also allowed in the lagoon area. Hunting and

logging are not allowed. The people of Gunjur have the traditional right to use the area

for their cultural activities in ways compatible with the overall conservation objectives.

4.2.5 Available Resources

The availability of basic resources (financial, human and material) will determine the

extent to which management objectives is met. The availability of funds to purchase basic

field and office equipment as well as the need to adequately train staff by the ICAM

project shall result in effective monitoring and management operations in the area. So,

GEPADG will be supported in the short term period to effectively manage the area but

the NGO’s financial status will be a critical factor for the realization of the long term

(ideal) management objectives. The Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve shall be

strongly supported to implement the management plan at the present moment.

5.0 MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES

5.1 OVERVIEW

The outline objectives describe the desired future conditions for BFCWR to continue to

provide resources for the local community and biodiversity conservation. The objectives

form important targets for guiding and evaluating all management actions to be

implemented under this plan. However, the listings below do not indicate any order of

priority.

5.2 NATURAL RESOURCES OBJECTIVES

Natural resources management forms the integral part of the Wildlife Reserve

management. The scenario already obtaining in BFCWR depicts that management efforts

are crucial for sustaining the Wildlife Reserve’s viability in supporting the sanctuary and

recreation functions. Below are the natural resources objectives:

i) To provide socio-economic and recreational opportunities for the expanding

urban population;

ii) To provide alternative and sustainable income sources for poverty reduction;

iii) To ensure optimum land use practices;

iv) To improve fire management practices and establish fire management plan for the

Wildlife reserve;

v) To introduce and protect mega fauna (large mammals);

vi) To fence the wildlife reserve in preparation for the introduction of the mega

fauna;

To carry out habitat assessment;

vii) To intensify the local community public awareness campaigns on the values,

purpose and other aspects of the wildlife reserve;

viii) To design and establish research programmes for the wildlife reserve;


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ix) To establish monitoring demonstration plots in the wildlife reserve on natural

resources management;

x) To design and establish natural resources management educational programmes

for the

Wildlife reserve.

xi) To enhance the sustainable use and harvest of fish resource.

xiii) To enhance the sustainable use and harvest of natural resources.

xiv) To encourage tree planting.

xv) To enhance livelihood options to the local inhabitants including employment

opportunity.

5.3 MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OBJECTIVES

Availability of adequate human, material and financial resources is necessary for proper

operations of management, research and monitoring activities. The following objectives

are set to ensure effective wildlife reserve management and operations:

i) To establish funding mechanism and mobilize adequate financial resources for

operational management of the wildlife reserve;

ii) To establish revenue generation venture for sustainable management of the

wildlife reserve;

iii) To maintain sufficient manpower and equipment for the protection and

management of the wildlife reserve;

iv) To clear and maintain the area boundaries and ensure that the wildlife reserve

boundary is identifiable on the ground;

v) To provide, upgrade and maintain the loop road infrastructure of the wildlife

reserve;

vi) To initiate and maintain law enforcement/surveillance programmes;

vii) To facilitate the establishment of such facility for animal rehabilitation, treatment,

care and transit and quarantine facility;

viii) To ensure that all tourist development facilities conform to Environmental Impact

Assessment requirements;

ix) To ensure the development of research and monitoring programmes;

x) To ensure the development and implementation of a management plan for the

wildlife reserve;

xi) To ensure formulation and implementation of annual operational plans;

xii) To secure transport and equipment (logistics); and

xii) To train both the staff and the local community operators.


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5.4 VISITOR USE AND EXPERIENCE MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES

i) To establish appropriate tourist facilities such as safari lodges, bush camps, trails,

camp sites, picnic sites suitable for the wildlife reserve;

ii) To establish an interpretive/information centre about the wildlife reserve;

iii) To establish , upgrade and maintain game viewing and loop roads in the wildlife

reserve;

iv) To establish and erect entrance gates for the wildlife reserve;

v) To design, put in place and maintain all the necessary interpretive signage’s for

the wildlife reserve;

vi) To ensure the development of the wildlife reserve education and interpretation

programmes;

vii) To develop marketing strategies; and

viii) To undertake studies in:

a) Cultural and historical sites.

b) Resource base (fauna and flora).

5.5 LOCAL COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES

BFCWR will serve as a vehicle for rural development by improving the general living

standards for the local communities and providing direct and indirect opportunities for

employment as well as increased income generation. The following objectives are set to build

capacity in the local communities and encourage their participation:

i) To train local communities in establishing business enterprises e.g. beekeeping

and craftwork;

ii) To introduce management Public Private Partnerships (PPP) between

government agencies and local communities;

iii) To conduct environmental conservation education programmes for the purpose of

promoting public awareness;

iv) To create natural resources governance structures at community level, e.g. Side

Management Committee;

v) To introduce appropriate and approved landuse practices for the local

communities;

vi) To ensure that local communities are given priority in the provision of goods and

services to the wildlife reserve and tourist operations and development;

vii) To design and establish programmes that improve community participation in the

management of the area;

viii) To establish extension management team for the purpose of enhancing extension

services; and


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ix) To promote the exchange of information between the GEPADG and Gunjur

community.

5.6 CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES

Although, there is currently limited information on the cultural resources available and in

and around the wildlife reserve, as more information is made available the

archaeological, historical and cultural sites of symbolic, religious and traditional

importance will in future add value to the exceptional resources and values of the wildlife

reserves. The wildlife reserve management will take appropriate measures and actions to

protect and preserve the cultural resources from natural and artificial damages.

Involvement of local communities in the inventorying and protection of the cultural

assets will be imperative to the management efforts. The following are the objectives of

the cultural management objectives:

i) To promote local cultural value;

ii) To undertake studies in cultural values and practices e.g. ceremonies and

traditional foods; and

iii) To promote awareness of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and IHV/AIDS.

6.0 MAINLAND

Zoning:

6.1 MANAGEMENT ZONE PLAN

6.2 MANAGEMENT ZONING CONCEPT

Zoning is an essential management tool that allows for fine tuning of regulations to meet

particular requirements of the variance types of areas in BFCWR. Zoning concepts

include areas where some uses of the land may continue to be pursued and thus, zoning

becomes necessary to separate zones from those in which stricter rules apply.

6.3 RATIONALE FOR THE ZONING CONCEPT

The collected baseline information through the participatory planning process was used

to determine the management zoning of the BFCWR based on the identified resource

values. The information was used to make considerations in developing a zoning scheme

for the wildlife reserve. These considerations include:

i) Provision of the protection and value adding to all the identified exceptional

resourcesand values;

ii) Taking note of the physical limitation imposed by the landscape and important

ecological features;


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iii) Provision of a diversity of appropriate visitor experience and visitor use levels

within the set limits;

iv) Protection of all sensitive habitats;

v) Provision of dispersal areas and control of visitor numbers and ensure quality

experience and appropriate numbers, types and placements of tourist facilities

within the wildlife reserve; and

vi) Provision of a better means of surveillance by the wildlife reserve management.

6.4 LIMITS OF ACCEPTABLE USE (LAU)

The guiding principle for setting limits of use for different zones of the wildlife reserves

is that management and tourist use in the wildlife reserve will have primary emphasis on

the desired conditions of resources and values rather than the maximum amount of use

the area could possibly tolerate (Ecological or Physical Carrying Capacity). These LAUs

have been applied in the four identified zones namely: Strictly Reserved Zone, Limited

Used Zone, Intensive Used Zone, Sanctuary and Animal Rehabilitation Zone and

Restoration Zone.

7.0 MANAGEMENT ZONING SCHEME CONCEPT

7.1 Strictly reserved zone

It is the whole area right at the middle of the reserve called (Fabadinka), the area

stretches 100 meters either side along the banks of the bolong (see zonation map). In

These selected areas there are no existing trails, it is set aside for monitoring and research

purposes. No one is allowed to venture in there except the managers of the area. These

areas are very important for conservation hence we are struggling to regain the amount of

species lost long time ago before the inception of the area as a protected area. The bolong

is playing an important role for it being the wildlife corridor for species to come and

settle in the reserve.

7.1.2 Present State

Sanctuary and Animal Rehabilitation Zone is equally in the area where the fauna is

depleted except for small animals and flora is intact.

7.1.3 Purpose

The zone will be used for the purpose of providing animal quarantine and health care

facilities for the animal rehabilitation, breeding and care as well as treatment and holding

of animals in transit to other animal facilities. This zone will also be used as a research

demonstration center.


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7.1.4 Access

The sanctuary and animal rehabilitation zone will be accessed through the use of the

access road.

7.1.5 Visitor Use and Experience

In this zone, approved visitors will access the area strictly for research and educational

purposes.

7.1.6 Permissive Development

This zone will maintain its purpose and functionality through the following permissive

development: Holding pens, animal clinic, mini– diagnostic and research laboratory.

7.1.7 Limits of Acceptable Use

i) Specialized visits with permits.

7.1.8 Future Permissible Development

i) Sighting and construction of holding pens;

ii) Sighting and construction of animal clinic;

iii) Sighting and construction of research laboratory;

iv) Construction of mini - diagnostic laboratory;

v) Sighting and construction of quarantine and breeding centre;

vi) Construction of staff residence.

7.2 Limited used zone

It is the biggest area of the reserve, which encompasses the coastline, the seasonal swamp

area, and the rest of the wetland area, the grassland, and some part of the woodland areas.

With an estimated area more than 65% of the total area of the reserve, it is set aside for

potential tourism activities.

The bolong is a very important feature in the whole set up because of being the wildlife

corridor.

Only bikes and foot users are supposed to rally along the trails, which lead to the village.

Non-consumption exploitation of natural resources and activities are only allowed in

there. . It is in this area where there is forest cover with the thick forest, having animals

like hyenas, bush buck, rats and grass cutters. Part of this area are used for palm wine

tapping, firewood, and fencing. Long time ago it used to be an upland rice farming area

7.2.1 Present State

In the zone, the fauna is depleted excerpt for small animals and flora is intact.

7.2.2 Purpose

The zone will be used to serve the purpose of restoring the natural vegetation and

promote water catchment functions.


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7.2.3 Access

The Natural Preservation Zone will be accessed through the use of access road. Trails

will also be designed and established for foot use by the management and visitors.


Several visitor’s uses and experiences will be achieved in the zone once the future

conditions are accomplished. These will include sightseeing, bird watching, game

viewing, picnicking, scientific research and public environmental education.

7.2.5 Permissive Developments

In order to uphold the purpose and the functionality of the zone, the following permissive

developments shall be established: spinal road, trails, one campsite and bush camp signs

and labels, picnic sites and artificial watering points.


i) Two vehicles @ 1 vehicle in 160 meters ≤ 3 tones capacity for game drives;

ii) ≤ 12 people per camp site;

iii) Bird watching – with a distance of 1.0 kilometer apart;

iv) Walking safaris – maximum six people/group;

v) Picnic sites – two sites and 32 people at a time and maximum of 3 hours per

group;

vi) One bush camp with 4 bed capacity;

vii) One safari lodge with 16 bed capacity ; and

viii) Scenic sites – 2 towers.

7.2.7 Future Permissible development

i) Site and clearing of walking trails and picnic sites;

ii) Provision of public utilities;

iii) Sighting and construction of bush camp and lodge;

iv) Sighting and construction of fence around the wildlife reserve;

v) Construction of swimming pool;

vi) Construction of entrance gate; and

vii) Selling point (curios, food etc).


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7.3 Intensive used zone

It is a stretch covering the area between the road leading to the fisheries center at the

beach side and the mangrove fringe on the eastern border of the reserve. This area will be

a suitable place for planned office building to be constructed. The area consists of 40ha of

dry woodland where the cattle is grazing, controlled logging or pole collection by

adjacent community members. Palm wine tapping, palm nuts and leaves collection are

allowed in the area but under serious monitoring. The authorization of this kind of

exploitation will be centralized at the management headquarters and an acquisition of

permit will be enforced. Cattle grazing activity must be monitored and an acceptable

level of impact on the vegetation be established for scrutiny. This savannah woodland

area will be suitable for such activities because it can help in maintaining the area as open

as possible for potential grazing patch for the nocturnal antelopes occurring in the

reserve.

7.3.1 Present State

In the zone, the fauna is depleted except for small animals and flora is intact.

7.3.2 Purpose

The zone will be used for management and tourism for both local and international

clients.

7.3.3 Access

The Intensive Use/Tourism Development Zone will be accessed through the use of the

access road


The visitor use and experiences that will be provided in the zone will include game

viewing, bird watching, picnicking, camping, photography, sightseeing, filming and

sound recording, sport fishing and canoeing.

7.3.5 Permissive Developments

This zone will maintain its purpose and functionality through the following permissive

developments:

Access roads, loop roads, information/interpretive centre, entrance gate, tourist camp,

administrative infrastructure, underground electricity cabling, picnic sites, view points,

artificial watering point.


i) 3 tone vehicle;

ii) ≤ 3 ton canoes per time;

iii) 5 anglers in a day;

iv) 12 bed capacity tourist camp; and

v) 40 persons at picnic site (No. of picnic sites dependent on zone sites).


35

7.3.7 Future Permissible Development

i) Site and clearing of access and circuit loop roads;

ii) Provision of public utility;

iii) Sighting and construction of interpretive/information centre;

iv) Sighting and construction of administrative and staff residence;

v) Sighting and construction of tourist camp;

vi) Sighting of picnic sites;

vii) Construction of watering points;

viii Construction of swimming pool;

ix Construction of entrance gates; and

.x Creation of selling points (Curios, food etc).

8.0 COASTAL ZONE

GOAL: Maintain the ecosystem

Objective: Protect and maintain breeding ground

Management actions:

Law enforcement to prevent:

Egg collection

Beach driving

Collection of coastal vegetation

Monitoring and survey of Endangered Species

Marine Turtles:

Under the implementation framework of the ICAM Project, consultants from the

University of Exceter, UK together with the staff of the DPWM, Fisheries Department

and GEPADG, a student of the University of The Gambia and some local community

members worked on the monitoring and survey of the marine turtles along the Atlantic

Coast of the Gambia. A comprehensive and in-depth assessment of the marine turtles was

carried out and weekly beach patrols and regular in- water surveys are organized. Please

refer to consultancy report (available at the DPWM HQ).


36

Marine turtle survey team at work marine turtle beach survey

Cetaceans :

The cetacean study undertaken by the DPWM, under the implementation framework

ICAM project was carried out in the area. Among the trained dolphin survey team

members two staff of GEPADG participated in the whole programme and played an

active role in the exercise.

Sightings were made but do not compare to Tanbi area which has better sightings though

observations show that the area is a potential site for cetaceans sightings (please refer to

study report).

The study area spotted dolphin with offspring

4. Threats to Ecological Integrity or Species:

The depletion of the Natural Resources in the reserve is due to numerous constraints

among them are the following:

i) Insufficient rainfall due to the 70’s drought which prompted the loss of

accumulated run – off in the catchments area.

ii) Lack of demarcated boundary line.

iii Coastal road construction project did not take into account the drainage system

previously available and block most of the waterways from the village

especially at Karanding.


37

v) The catchments area transformed as a settlement area with the expansion of the

Gunjur village. With this blockade, gullies are observed everywhere in the village and

sometimes destroying human settlements and poisoning drinking wells.

vi) .Intensive deforestation due to the expansion of the village and agricultural fields,

important trees felling for commercial gain, bush fire this facilitatery the breakdown of

the morph dynamic equilibrium.

vii The occurrence of round deposit repeating the sea to the bolong and blocking the

perpetration of salt Walter into the area. This lack of salt water is the principal factor of

intensive mangrove die back

5. Vision, Goals and Strategies: Vision: BY THE YEAR 2020 TO ENSURE THAT EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IS PUT IN PLACE

FOR THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE BFWCR RESOURCES AND TO ENHANCE

SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES.

Activities Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

Objective1:Protect the system where possible

Monitoring and research X X X X X

Protect from human disturbances X X X X X

Eliminate poaching X X X X X

Prevent inappropriate land use X X X X X

Conservation awareness promotion X X X X X

Introduce tourists activities that are ecologically

compatible:

X X X

Conducting EIA or EMP before any tourism

development.

X X

Drafting and implementing genuine tourism

development and marketing plans

X

Regular monitoring of tourism activities in the reserve X X


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Objective2:Maintain suitable water flow quantity

Conduct comprehensive hydrological survey of the

watershed and implement recommendations

X

Control upstream erosion and pollution X

Sensitize local community around catchments area X X X X

Anti – erosion campaign in the catchments area and the

entire village.

X X

Creation of two new bridges at Karanding. X

Construction of two Irish bridges at the mosque and at the

location of the destroyed bridge.

X

Conception of a channel (20m width x 60m length) with a set

of windows to let or close water from the sea and or from

the Bolong.

X

Maintain the windmill for permanent fresh water supply in

the river bed so as to reduce salt infiltration.

X

Dig certain points at Fabadinka to allow water settlement in

the catchments for a maximum of 50cm depth.

X

Objective 3: Maintain fauna species

Research to establish current status of the mammal

species

X X

Regular monitoring of the species involved X X X

Law enforcement to protect these species X X X X X

Introduce new species if possible X

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

Objective1: To build up and maintain the necessary human

and institutional capacity for the effective management of

the area.


39

To secure funding for their monthly remuneration X

To train a voluntary community ranger on financial

management skills

X

Objective2:To enhance operations through regular

professional and technical training

Selection of suitable staff for long term and short term,

technical and professional training locally and internationally

X

Secure funding for potential training activities X

Periodic in service training of staff members on SOP

(Standard Operation Procedures)

X X X

on-the-job training of GEPADG staff members X X X X X

Objective3:To install a sound human resource management

procedure to ensure maximum yield of service provision

To design clear guideline for enrolment, induction,

orientation, etc…

X

Design appraisal form and disciplinary procedures (first

month of the year)

X

Design motivation procedures and lay down criteria of

selection (after the project lifetime)

X

Organize sensitization campaign and fight against

transmitted Diseases

X X X X X

EDUCATION & AWARENESS Objective 1:Establish an environmental education unit

X

Secure funding for EE activities X


40

Purchase of environmental education equipment X

Preparation of an environmental education programme X

Objective2: Implementation of community outreach

programmes

Inventory of the interpretative material needs

X X

Purchase and preparation of learning materials X

Putting up interpretative signs.

X

Objective3.To provide communities access to information,

resources and services which promote sustainable

development.

Regular community consultation and dialogue X X X

Building of an environmental center in the reserve X

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT

Objective1: To develop sustainable eco-tourism ventures

To create income generated activities for local

communities around the reserve

X X

Lay down foundation for active and collaborative

management of the available resources

X X

Objective 2: To secure financial sustainability of the

reserve

X X X X X

Generate revenue for future management efforts of the

reserve

X X X X X

To increase the number of tourism related activities to cater

for better tourist experience

X X X

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Objective1.:To establish monitoring systems to facilitate the

process


41

To liaise with the National Environment Agency (NEA)

for guidance

X

To develop a comprehensive EIA or EMP before any

development in the reserve

X

Objective 2: Identify negative impact of development

activities to minimize damages to the environment

Regular monitoring of all development or service’s

impacts on the environment

X X X

RESOURCES PROTECTION

Objective 1: To put in place a security operation plan

Assessment need of the area X

Drafting of Security Operation Procedures (SOP) X

Periodic up date of the procedures X X X X

Objective 2: A well-trained security staff

Organize periodic in service training on SOP’s (once

every quarter)

X X X X X

Emphasis on the job training at all time X X X X X

National and international formal training courses for all

staff members

X X X X

Objective 3: Build a strong intelligent gathering

mechanism.

Appoint informers, informants and agents X X

Establish secure routes for information gathering X

Establish safe intelligence information storage e

System

X

Objective 4: Reduce poaching incidents in the reserve

Set up routine patrol plan in the reserve X X X X X

Initiate and implement night operations X X X X X

Implement emergency operations X X X X X

Initiate and implement combined operations X X X X X


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COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Objective 1: Encourage community participation in

management strategies

To allow sustainable utilization of natural resources X X X X X

To involve communities in resource management X X X X X

To reform the land use system X X X X

Objective 2: To uplift community living standard

To create job opportunity X X X X X

To initiate eco tourism activities like: bee keeping, cultural

village, fishing trips, etc…

X X X X X

To train local community members as eco-tourism guides X X

Build toilets on the beach to avoid pollution of water bodies X

9.0 INVESTMENT PLAN AND BUDGET

9.1 OVERVIEW

In this plan, management actions that were translated from the objective have been

streamlined further by attaching the investment portfolio that will be a precursor of

operationalizing the entire plan. Thus, a number of challenges and concerns that have

been raised find the mechanisms for being addressed effectively and jointly. Institutions

that will be key to the success of the planned actions have also been highlighted and

being held responsible for their implementation.

Monitoring of the performance and impacts of the implementation is a crucial component

of the plan and will be ongoing. Every three years there will be a major evaluation

exercise to keep track of the planned activities and make decisions on the cause of action

detected by the prevailing conditions as integral part of the review process of this plan.

The review of the plan shall adopt an interactive transparent process involving an

interdisciplinary planning team and all the actions approved become binding to

stakeholders.

The outcome of the actions will be the provision of the guidance for the

preparation of subsequent Annual Operational Plan (AOP) and budgets for the

management and development of the wildlife reserve. These will contribute to

decisions support on the important actions for the wildlife reserve management


43

and development. Operationalizing the planned actions and budgets will also

depend on the calibre and dedication of the operators of the plan.

9.1.1 Natural Resources Management Actions

The following Natural Resources Management Actions will be implemented:

i) Infrastructure entrepreneurship developments;

ii) Management plan development;

iii) Fire management plan development;

iv) Fauna management plan development

v) Flora management plan development

vi) Faunal introductions;

vii) Watering point development

viii) Securing vegetation from cultivation, fuel wood and charcoal;

ix) Law enforcement programme implementation;

x) Effective community awareness and environmental education; and

xi) Develop and implement appropriate and effective research programmes


44

Table 1. Natural Resources Strategic Management Investment Plan and Budget

No. Management Objective

Action Activities How When Materials and Expertise

Where Who Time Frame

Priority Estimated Budget (US $)

1. 1.1 To provide socio-economic recreational opportunities for the ever expanding urban population. 1.2 To provide alternative and sustainable income sources for poverty alleviation

1.1 Infrastructure and entrepreneurship

1.1.1 Clear and fence of the boundary and construct gates 1.1.2 Establish tourist loop roads 1.1.3 Create water points/small dam/weir 1.1.4 Create camp sites, picnic sites, lodges, information/interpretive center, restaurant, curio shop etc. 1.1.5 Conduct training in entrepreneurship skills (e.g. craft work)

Activities 1.1.1 to 1.1.4: Sourcing and Contracting Activities 1.1.5 Outsourcing and Contracting

By June 2012 By 2nd Quarter 2012

Fencing materials (wires etc) Loop roads (labour based) Poles Materials for lodges, campsites, water points and information/ Interpretive center through bidding

Activity 1.1.1 Fencing – the whole area Activities and 1.1.4 to be specified upon ground verification Activity 1.1.5 approximately identified institutions

gEPADG &gunjur Community

Second Quarter of 2012 for activities to 1.1.5

High Priority Activity 1.1.1 Clearing and fencing Activity 1.1.2 Water points Activity 1.1.3 Access roads improvement (labour based) Activity 1.1.4 Campsites Activity 1.1.5 Lodges, information/ Interpretative Center Activity 1.1.6 Training in entrepreneur-ship

100,000.00 10,000.00 150,000.00 10,000.00 200,000.00 20,000.00

2. To establish a Natural Resource Management Programme

2.1 Management Plan development 2.2 Fire management plan development 2.3 Fauna Management Plan development 2.4 Flora Management Plan

Clear fire barriers/breaks 2.2 to 2.4 Formulate ToRs & procurement of consultant services

Grading Use of fires (early burning) Scuffling Professional Consultant inputs

Annually Beginning of Dry Season By 1st Sep. 2012

Field vehicles Field Guide manuals Relevant Legislation & Policy documents

The whole wildlife reserve

GEPADG and Gunjur Community

1st Quarter of 2012

High priority 70,000.00


45

development Stationary Results of research carried out in & around the area Subject specialists in Fauna and Flora, GIS, Geology, Hydrology etc.

3. To introduce and protect mega fauna (large mammals)

Fauna Introductions

Capture and translocation of animals

Use of appropriate capture methods depending on species

On completion of the fencing

Equipment transport and hiring costs

Source areas e.g. Pas and Ranches, and other countries

GEPaDG/NGOs and Gunjur community etc.

2012 and in phases

High priority 500,000

4. To establish additional and artificial watering points

Watering point development

Create artificial lake at the Lagoon Sink boreholes, dams and weirs

Landscaping Create on depressions to trap rainwater Pumping from boreholes into identified locations

From 2012 onwards

Hire Contractor/ Local communities

Bambos, depressions, and other sites

GEPADG/NGOs, Gunjur Community and Cooperating Partners

From 2012 onwards

High Priority 5,000

5. To restore plant cover

Securing Vegetation from cultivation fuel wood and charcoal

Monitor the recovery and research Undertake fencing Extension services and public awareness, sensitization Patrols by volunteer wildlife rangers

Fencing Implement fire policy Awareness through extension services, press (print electronic and personal contacts)

From 2012 onwards

Extension services personnel Research personnel Electric fence (material)

Whole BFCWR GEPADG, NGOS, Gunjur community and Cooperating Partners

From 2012 onwards

High priority 1,000.00 for 2012

6. To enforce all the regulations governing the area

Law enforcement programme

Conduct appropriate law enforcement

Recruitment of skilled and well disciplined staff Provide additional incentives & staff welfare to motivate the staff e.g.

By 30th April 2012 A contingency Plan to deploy law enforcement

Appropriate vehicles & equipment Trained wildlife & forestry rangers

Whole BFCWR Committee members supervised by the Steering committee comprising GEPADG,

2nd Quarter, 2012

Immediate Action Deployment of law enforcement officers

US$200,000


46

performance based allowances & medical insurance Regular procurement & maintenance of law enforcement equipment

officers by 30th March 2012

Recruit specialists on appropriate fields Clearly stated conditions of service, code of conduct

Gunjur Community, DF, DPWM, etc.

7. To design & establish Community and Environmental Education Programmes

Develop & Implement an Effective Community Awareness & Environmental Education/Sensitization Campaign Programmes

Carryout educational awareness campaigns in local Community Areas and Schools

Hold meetings with local community. Carryout educational awareness campaigns in local community areas including schools Form Environmental Awareness Clubs In schools. Develop & Distribute local community materials on appropriate languages Study visits of local community members to similar areas Holding community radio programmes Holding of drama shows

On Going Appropriate Consultants

Adjacent Local Communities

Committee members to outsource appropriate consultants

1st Quarter, 2012 & On Going

Immediate US$40,000

8. To establish an Adaptive Research Programme

Develop & Implement an Appropriate Effective Subject –

Undertake Needs assessment of Research Gaps

BFCWR Management Team to spearhead the progamme

By 30th June, 2012

To be identified by the BFCWR unit

The whole BFCWR

To be identified by the BFCWR Unit

1st Quarter 2012 Needs

Mid – term 50,000.00


47

based Research programme

Develop Subject Specific Research Proposals Secure and Mobilizing Financial Resources Sign MoU’s with Research Institutions

Assessment 2nd Quarter 2012 Research Proposals 3rd Quarter 2012 Signing of MoU’s


48

9.1.2 Management and Operations Actions

The following are the management and Operations Actions:

i) Law enforcement and surveillance strategy development

ii) Park fencing

iii) Park boundary clearing

iv) Park boundary Description

v) Protected Area Category Definitions

vi) Road Infrastructure Upgrading and Construction

vii) Animal Care Facilities Development

viii) Facility Management Programme Development

ix) General Management Plan Formulation

x) Research Monitoring Programmes Development


49

Table 2. Management and Operations Strategic Investment Plan and Budget

N0. Management Objective


Where Who Time Frame

Priority Estimate Budget

1. To initiate and maintain law enforcement and surveillance

Law enforcement and surveillance strategy formulation e.g. field patrols

Implement appropriate law enforcement and surveillance strategies Carryout field patrols

Conduct approved strategy Filed patrols (vehicle/foot) Others as in Table 1 (6)

From 2012 onwards

Stationary for the strategy (GEPADG Staff Gunjur community/NGOs)

Field patrols – ranges Vehicles, foot and communication equipment

GEPADG and Gunjur community

From 2012 onwards

High Priority

100,000

2. To ensure that the wildlife reserve boundaries are clearly identified on the ground

Fencing and clearing of the boundaries (see Table 1)

Erect/ construction of the fence Clear the boundary Place Boundary signage Replace vandalized boundary beacons

Scuffling Mounting beacons Mounting/erecting fence and electrifying Boundary sign placements

From 2012 onwards

Hire services of the local communities for scuffling Hire services of the contractor for electric fencing signs and beacons (design and write) GEPADG and Gunjur community Building Materials

Along the wildlife reserve boundary


From 2012 onwards

High Priority

10,000.00 (Boundary signage & beacons)

3. To review wildlife reserve boundary PA category

Wildlife reserve Boundary Description PA Category

Redefine boundary on the ground.

Land survey of the proposed boundary

From 2012 onwards before fencing is done

Land surveyor Legal mind to draft SI Extension officers for sensitization

Survey work on site

GEPADG and Gunjur community. Ministry of Lands and Ministry of Justice

From 2012 onwards before the fencing

High Priority

5,000

4. To provide and maintain road infrastructure

Existing road infrastructure upgraded New road infrastructure opening Existing road network review

Rehabilitate existing roads to be all weather Construct new roads (local community labour based)

Community labour Hire specialized labour/equipment

From 2012 after fencing is complete

Hand tools for community labour Specialized equipment from hired contractors

Inside the wildlife reserve Outside the wildlife reserve


From 2012 onwards before the fencing

High Priority

5,000

5. To facilitate the Development Construct facilities Hire services of a After the Hire specialized Appropriate GEPADG and From 2012 High 10,000


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establishment of a facility for animal rehabilitation, care and transit, etc

of animal care facilities Management Programme for facilities

Prepare agreements with Veterinary Institutions

contractor fencing is completed

services zone Gunjur comm. onwards before the fencing

Priority

7. To ensure the development of Research and Monitoring Programmes

Research and Monitoring Programmes

Set monitoring parameters Conduct biophysical inventories Establish, update and maintain databases Publish results as ratified GMP

Baseline data collection and analysis

Immediate (data collection)

Specialized expert input Logistical support

Entire wildlife reserve

GEPADG Gunjur community, other institutions for researchers and monitoring staff

From 2012 onwards

High Priority

5,000


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9.1.3 Local Community Actions

The following are the Local Community Actions:

i) Public Sensitization

ii) Legal and institutional streamlining

iii) Multi – sectoral approach implementation to land use practices


52

Table 3. Local Communities Strategic Management Investment Plan and Budget



Where Who Time Frame Priority Estimate Budget

1. To promote public awareness

Sensitization Conduct workshops an meetings, community theatre/drama/plays Conduct campaigns (community radio) Conduct tours Produce and distribute awareness material (s) posters, billboards, brochure etc Establishing websites

Sourcing funds, organizing the communities and implementing the activities

Immediately, within the 1st Quarter of 2012

Logistics (transport) Airtime fee Funds/fees for professional input and production, office infrastructure and equipment (e.g. camera, visual equipment, stationery etc)

Gunjur Villages and Small surrounding compounds, schools

GEPADG and Gunjur Community Based Organizations (CBOs), non – Governmental Organization (NGOs), Media, Faith Based Organizations (FBOs)


High Priority Meetings and For a Media Campaigns and Outreach Workshops (3) Awareness materials and dissemination Tours (local and international) Website establishment

25,000.00 15,000.00 20,000.00 15,000.00 10,000.00 5,000.00

2. To create natural resources governance structures at local levels

Legal and institutional streamlining

Identify key stakeholders Conduct workshops for local communities Identify roles of various key stakeholders

Sourcing funds Immediately, within the 1st Quarter of 2012

Logistics (transport), stationery, board, lodging and fees)

Within the institutions and local communities

GEPADG and Gunjur Community leadership


High Priority Identification of key stakeholders Conducting of workshops Identification of roles of various key stakeholders

18,000.00

3. To introduce appropriate and improved land use Practices for the local communities

Multi-sectoral approach to land use practices

Establish land use systems/practices Conduct extension services. Promote agro-

Integrating agricultural services and accessing inputs through

Immediately within the 1st Quarter of 2012

Logistics (transport stationery, input)

Within the institutions and local communities

GEPADG and Gunjur community, CBOs and NGOs


High Priority Establish land use systems/pract

5,000.00


53

forestry activities (e.g. fuelwood, beekeeping , soil improvement - conservation agriculture, zero grazing)

cooperative society

ices Conduct extension services. Promote agro – forestry activities ( e.g. fuelwood, beekeeping, soil improvement conservation agriculture, zero grazing)

20,000.00 30,000.00


54

9.1.4 Visitor Use and Experience Actions

The following are actions associated with the Visitor and Experience:

i) Inventorying documentation and collating

ii) Develop tourism/infrastructure

iii) Develop education and interpretative programme


55

Table 4. Visitor Use and Experience Strategic Management Investment Plan and Budget




1. To undertake studies on cultural and historical sites, fauna and flora and landscapes

Inventories, documentation and collating

Conduct surveys, data collection Establish databases Produce information brochures and leaflets

Sourcing funds and implementation of activities through multidisciplinary team


Logistics (transport, equipment including camping equipment) Team of experts (conventional and indigenous knowledge) Professional fees

Entire BFCWR GEPADG and Gunjur Community UTG

Dry and Wet Seasons for 2012

High Priority Conducting surveys, data collection Establishing databases Producing information brochures and leaflets

20,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00

2. To facilitate development of tourism

Tourism and infrastructure development

Advertise to attract potential investors Conduct information center

Hire contractor to build information center Provide conducive environment for private sector investment/ participation

Upon completion of the updated GMP

Funds for hiring the services of the Contractor

Respective zones area

Private Sector & GEPADG and Gunjur community

After the updated GMP is ready

Medium Priority

30,000

3. To ensure that the wildlife reserve education and interpretative programmes are developed

Education and interpretative programme development

Prepare education and interpretative materials Erect signs and labels

Attended and unattended media

After fencing and road

Assorted education/publicity material Expertise from DPWM/Department of Forestry, GTB, NGOs,

Respective zones of the BFCWR


After the fencing

Medium to High Priority

10,000


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9.1.5 Cultural Resources Actions

The following are associated with Cultural Resources:

i) Inventorying, documentation and collating

ii) Tourism/infrastructure development

iii) Education and interpretative programme development


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Table 5. Cultural Resources Strategic Management Investment Plan and Budget




1. To assess for the archeological & other historical sites

To conduct archaeological & other historical studies/ assessment

Formulating ToRs for Consultants

Experts to tender for the consultancy

Jan. 2012 to March 2012

EIA Report National Archives Reports, Dept. of Culture, National Museums, Traditional Rulers etc

BFCWR and its surrounding areas

BFCWR Management team in collaboration with the consultants

1st Quarter 2012

Immediate to Mid – term

5,000.00


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8. Budget: Spreadsheets that detail cost estimates (in US$) by fiscal year of all necessary

activities to achieve the protected area's objectives.

Allocation by categories

Sub Totals Total

Operating cost

Staff management (salaries and allowances)

Stationeries, fuel and lubricants

38,600

21,667

60,267

Goods

Field equipments

Transport logistics

Computer and accessories

2,050

64,500

7,000

73,550

Training and capacity building

Training and capacity building

Conservation awareness materials

161,667

36,667

165,333.34

Works and constructions

Park infrastructures

Resources maintenance

75,467

42,827.34

118,294

TOTAL

417,444


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Management Staff

NO ITEMS/ACTIVITIES UNIT COST MONTHLY YEARLY TOTAL

7

Community

rangers 50 350 4,200 21,000

1

Community

rangers/Turtle

guide 60 60 720 3,600

2

Community

Wardens 70 140 1,680 8, 400

2

Cleaner and

Watchman 30 60 720 3600

2

Secretary and

Finanacial clerk 66.67 133.34 1,600 8,000

1 Driver 50 50 600 3,000.00

2 Managers 166.67 3333.34 4,000 20,000

TOTAL 67600

FIELD EQUIPMENT

10 Uniforms 13.34 133.34

5 Rainboot/coats 16.67 83.34

5 Strong touches 6.67 33.34

5 life jacket 8.34 41.67

3 Binoculars 90 270

2 GPS 200 400

TOTAL 961.67

Computer and


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Accessories

Laptop computer 1500 1500

1

Desklop

computer 1,066.67 1,066.67

1 Printer 166.67 166.67

Scaner 133.34 133.34

2 Dgital camara 100 200

1

Power point

projector 1,166.67 1,166.67

TOTAL 42,333.34

TRANSPORT

LOGISTICS

1 Motorbike 3333.34 3333.34

1

Vehicle 4x4

pickup 25,000 25,000

10 Bicycles 116.67 1166.67

TOTAL 296,166.67

STATIONERIRS

FUEL AND

LUBRICANTS

Maintenance

services quartely 133.34 533.34 2,666.67

Petrol cost 100 100 1,200 6,000

Diesel cost 223.34 223.34 2,800 1,400

Stationeries 400 400 2,000


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TOTAL 24,666.67

ALLCOCATION BY

CATEGORIES SUB TOTAL TOTAL

OPERATION COST

Staff

management

salaries 67,600

Stationeries fuel

and lubricants 24,666.67 92,266.67

GOODS

Field equipment 961.67

Transport

logistices 29,500

Computer and

Accessories 42,333.34 72,795

Cost breakdown of budget requirements

PARK

INFRASTRUCTURE

OFFICE BIOCK

BUILDING

NO ITEM COST TOTAL

1 600 bags of cement 7.50 1166.67

2 50 Trip of Sand 600 3,000

3 20 Trip of Gravel 200 400


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4 300 Rodes 6.67 2,000

5 150 Steel iron 50 7,500

6 400 Pcs of wood 6666.67

7 32 Pkts of Corrigated iron sheets 66.67 21,333.34

8 30 Pkts Tile 133.34 400

9 White Cement 20 bags 8.67 173.34

10 Gap nail 1,433.34

11 Binding wire 33.34

12 Flush doors 500

13 Panel doors 200

14 Door Frames 166.67

15 Window 100

16 Ceiling 3,333.34

17 Wiring 5,950

18 Plumbering 5,000

19 Painting 6666.67

20 Roofing 1666.67

21 White timber 1666.67

22 Construction 8333.34

TOTAL 8333.34

PARK

INFRASTRUCTURE

2 BIRD HIDES


63

NO ITEM COST TOTAL

1 Wood 333.34

2 Grass 166.67

3 Nail 66.67

4 Floor 266.67

5 Gravel 166.67

TOTAL 1,000

2 BIRD WATCHING TOWER

NO ITEM COST TOTAL

1 Wood 5,200

2 Nails 66.67

3 Corriguted iron sheets 300

4 Bundle of grasses 666.67

5 Cement 166.67

6 Local Fence 33.34

7 Gravel 133.34


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10.0 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

10.1 OVERVIEW

All types of developmental projects taking place in the protected areas (National Parks,

Forest Parks and Nature Reserves of the country should be subjected to the conduct and

preparation of Environmental Project Briefs (EPBs), Environmental Impact Assessments

(EIAs), Environmental Audits (EAs) and environmental audits report. The type of

assessment being conducted will depend on the nature and magnitude of the project to

ensure sustainable tourism development in the respective areas. Conducting of EPBs,

EIAs and EAs should be harmonized and coordinated to ensure the best use practice of

the area. The strategy will guide and monitor the implementation of development

taking place in these areas as stipulated in the Biodiversity Act and the guidelines in the

Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations.

The EPB, EIA and EA report provides information on the potential positive and negative

impacts and mitigation measures on the negative impact that may arise due to the

intended investment and developmental activities taking place in the protected areas.

The current status shows that certain developmental projects take place in protected

areas without any EPB, EIA and EA being conducted. There are certain instances where

such impact assessments have been conducted and terms of references (TORs) drawn

without consulting key stakeholders like DPWM and FD upon which the assessments are

based. This has resulted into these EPB, EIA and EA reports being prepared without

having adequate consent and input to fulfill the developmental standard requirements

for protected areas.

10.1.1 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURERS

Based on the proposed tourism development and management of the BFCWR during

site preparation, construction and operational phases of the envisaged developmental

projects of the area, a checklist of Mitigation Measures and Recommendations have

been formulated based on both negative and positive effect due to the following

proposed developments:

i) Constructing a community camp site on the periphery of the wildlife reserve;

ii) Erecting an electric fence line along the boundary of the wildlife reserve;

iii) Developing picnic sites

iv) Constructing of game viewing and safari loops in the wildlife reserve;

v) Developing a safari bush camp ;


65

vii) Developing a safari lodge;

viii) Other BFCWR uses

10.1.2 Mitigation Measures and Recommendations for the Construction of a Community

camp site on the Periphery of the Wildlife Reserve

The following are among the proposed mitigation measures and recommendations that

the developer/proponent needs to comply with during the site preparation,

construction and operational phases of such developments. It is the responsibility of the

Community Camp Manager to ensure that the proposed measures are implemented

throughout the three phases of the development:

i) All the construction work should be done during the normal working hours of the

day to avoid or to keep noise pollution to a minimum level that may disturb the

faunal life in the locality of the project site. Breaking of stones and mixing of

cement should also be done on the site.

ii) Site clearing should be based on the site plans of acceptable standards. The trees

to be cut should not exceed 10 cm. at DBH. Clearing should be strictly limited to

the actual areas of development and access to such sites should be restricted

along the cleared part of the site in order to minimize undue destruction of the

surrounding areas of the site.

iii) Extreme care should be observed in the movement of materials, light, heavy

machinery and vehicles around the site in order to minimize the impacts of

materials, machinery and vehicles to the surrounding areas of the proposed site.

iv) The actual camping site locality should be at least 50m away from the nearest

water frontage of any river system.

v) The ablution rooms/toilets should be constructed 61m away from the water

frontage of any river system.

vi) The designated footpaths should be established with minimum clearance of

vegetation and these should not exceed 1m wide only under growth branches

should be cleared and cut.

vii) Site selection should be carefully done to avoid cutting down trees by choosing

pockets of sites that are between trees, having both short and long term


66

negative impacts to the ecosystem, cultural, historical, archaeological and

surrounding environment of the proposed site.

a. Baboon proof dustbins with heavy lids should be mounted at some communal place

of the campsite to carter for bottled and container waste, waste tins and

biodegradable and burnable material wastes. Mechanisms and modalities of

disposing off the above mentioned wastes shall be the responsibility of the Camp

Manager.

b. A site should be identified closer to the campsite where degradable material wastes

should be burnt.

c. Leaflets guiding the tourists on how to sustainably stay at the camp should be

produced and given to every client that comes to the site. For instance fire is not

allowed except at designated localities, picking of fuel wood and flowers around the

camp and the introduction of exotic species are also not allowed.

d. An environmental project brief should be prepared for the construction of a

community campsite within the wildlife reserve as stipulated in the Biodiversity Act

and the guidelines in the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations.

10.1.3 Mitigation Measures and Recommendations for Erecting an Electric Fence Line

along the boundary of the Wildlife Reserve and Sanctuary Zone


should be complied with during the site preparation, construction and operational

phases of erecting the electric fence. It is the responsibility of the BFCWR Management

to ensure that the proposed measures are implemented throughout the three phases of

development:

i) All the works involved for the erecting of the electric fence should be done along

the site during the normal working hours of the day to avoid or to keep noise

pollution to a minimum level that may disturb the faunal life along the locality of

the routing of the fence.

ii) The width of clearing along the path where the electric fence line will pass

should not exceed 12m and once the fence is erected the cleared area should

serve as a firebreak as well as the perimeter road around the Wildlife Reserve.


67

iii) The width clearing along the route of the electric fence should be strictly limited

to the areas where there are smaller trees and bushes and should at all cost

avoid cutting big trees along the way by diverting the route of clearing, in order

to avoid having both short and long term negative impacts to the ecosystem,

cultural, historical, archaeological and surrounding environment of the proposed

site.

iv) Only limited management roads should be constructed within the proposed

sanctuary zone.

10.1.4 Mitigation Measures and Recommendations for Developing a Picnic Site


need to be complied with during the site preparation, construction and operational

phases of putting up a picnic site within the BFCWR. It is the responsibility of the BFCWR

Management to ensure that the proposed mitigation measures and recommendations

are implemented for picnic type of developments within the BFCWR:

i) Ablution block/toilets should be provided at the proposed picnic sites and should

be constructed at least 61m away from any closest river system.

ii) Area site marking should be done in such a way that it avoids cutting down trees,

which may have both short and long term negative impacts to the

ecosystem, cultural, historical, archaeological and surrounding environment

of the proposed site.

iii) At least three baboon proof dustbins with heavy lids should be mounted at some

communal place of the picnic site to carter for bottled container waste,

waste tins and biodegradable and burnable material wastes. The waste

should be transported outside the BFCWR where the separation of the

respective wastes should take place and the mechanisms and modalities of

the disposing off the separated wastes is the responsibility of the BFCWR

Management.

iv) A number of benches should be mounted for clients/tourists to rest on while enjoying

the picnic packed food staff.

v) The site should be left to maintain its natural status as much as possible. For instance,

only under growths can be cleared with approval of the BFCWR management.


68

vi) Leaflets guiding the tourists on how to sustainably stay at the picnic site should be

produced and given to every client that comes to the site. For example, fire is not

allowed except at designated localities, picking of fuel wood and flowers around the

site, the introduction of exotic species, noise pollution through radios and shouting

are not allowed.

vii) Movement of clients/tourists is restricted to the picnic site.

10.1.5 Mitigation Measures and Recommendations for Developing a Bush Camp


the developer /proponent needs to comply with during the preparation, construction

and operational phases of developing a Safari Bush Camp. It is the responsibility of the

BFCWR management to ensure that the proposed measures are implemented whenever

a safari bush camp is being developed within the BFCWR:

i) All construction works should be done during normal working hours of the day to

avoid or to keep noise pollution to a minimum level that may disturb faunal life in

the locality of the project site. Breaking of stones and mixing of cement should also

be done on the site.

ii) Area site marking and placement of the site plan of the proposed bush camps should

be carefully done to avoid cutting down trees by choosing pockets of sites that are

between trees, in order to avoid having both short and long term negative impacts

to the ecosystem, cultural, historical, archaeological and surrounding environment

of the proposed site. The proponent in conjunction with BFCWR management

should do the actual site marking of the area.

iii) The total area that should be allowed for the construction of a bush camp should

not exceed 1 ha, exclusive of the workers compound. There will be no workers

compound.

iv) Site clearing should be based on the site plans to be approved by BFCWR

management to avoid cutting trees of any diameter. The trees to be cut should not

exceed 10cm at DBH. Clearing of the site should be strictly limited to the actual

areas of development and access to these sites should be restricted along the

cleared parts of the site to minimize undue distraction of the surrounding areas of

the site.


69

v) Extreme care should be observed in the movement of materials, light, heavy

machinery and vehicles around the site to minimize impacts of materials, machinery

and vehicles to the surrounding areas of the proposed site.

vi) All the construction materials of the bush camp and fuel wood should be brought

from outside the BFCWR.

vii) The proponent should as much as possible use the local or nearby surrounding

community labour to the BFCWR for constructing the bush camp.

viii) The actual bush camp localities should be at least 50m away from water frontage of

any nearest river system.

ix) The ablution rooms/toilets should be constructed 61m away from water frontage of

any river system.

x) Only semi-permanent structures should be allowed for a bush camp.

xi) The structures of the bush camp to be constructed should blend with the

surrounding environment.

xii) No generators should be allowed at the bush camps to avoid noise pollution.

However, solar panel power should be used instead.

xiii) No vegetable gardens should be allowed at the bush camps within the P.A.

xiv) Designated footpaths should be established with minimum clearance of vegetation

and these should not exceed 1m wide. Only under growth branches should be cut.

xv) At least three baboon proof dustbins with heavy lids should be mounted at some

communal place of the bush camp site to carter for bottled and container waste,

waste tins and biodegradable and burnable material wastes. Mechanism and

modalities of disposing off the above-mentioned wastes is the responsibility of the

bush camp manager in consultation with the BFCWR management. However, only

biodegradable wastes should be disposed off within premises of the camp site while

other non-degradable wastes such as batteries, plastics, glass and tins should be

disposed off outside the wildlife reserve.

xvi) A site should be identified closer to the bush campsite where degradable material

wastes should be disposed off either by burning or burying it.


70

xvii) The proponent should not at all cost introduce exotic species and domesticated

animals at the bush camp within BFCWR.

xviii) Leaflets guiding the tourists on how to sustainably stay at the bush camp should be

produced and given to every client/tourist that comes to the bush camp. For

example, fire is not allowed except at designated localities. Picking of fuel wood and

flowers around the camp is not allowed.

xix) An environmental project brief should be prepared for the construction of a bush

camp within BFCWR as stipulated in the Biodiversity Act and guidelines in the

Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations.

10.1.6 Mitigation Measures and Recommendations for Developing a Safari Lodge

The following are among proposed mitigation measures and recommendations that the

developer/proponent needs to comply with during the preparation, construction and

operational phases of constructing a Safari Lodge. It is the responsibility of BFCWR

management to ensure that proposed measures are implemented wherever a safari lodge is

being constructed within BFCWR:

i) All the construction works should be done during normal working hours of the

day to avoid or to keep noise pollution to a minimum level that may disturb

faunal life in the locality of the project site. Breaking of stones and mixing of

cement should also be done on the site.

ii) Area site marking and placement of the site plan of the proposed safari lodges

should be carefully done to avoid cutting down trees by choosing pockets of sites

that are between trees, in order to avoid having both short and long term

negative impacts to the ecosystem, cultural, historical, archaeological and

surrounding environment of the proposed site. The proponent in conjunction

with BFCWR management should do the actual site marking of the area.

iii) The total area that should be allowed for the construction of a safari lodge

should not exceed 2 ha, exclusive of the workers compound. There will be no

workers compound.

iv) Site clearing should be based on the site plans to be approved by BFCWR

management to avoid cutting trees of any diameter. The trees to be cut should

not exceed 10cm diameter at breast height. Clearing of the site should be strictly

limited to the actual areas of development and access to these sites should be


71

restricted along cleared parts of the site to minimize undue distraction of the

surrounding areas of the site.

v) Extreme care should be observed in the movement of materials, light, heavy

machinery and vehicles around the site to minimize the impacts of materials,

machinery and vehicles to the surrounding areas of the proposed site.

vi) All the construction materials of the safari lodge and fuel wood should be

brought from outside the BFCWR.

vii) The proponent should as much as possible use the local or nearby surrounding

community labour to the BFCWR for constructing the safari lodge.

viii) The actual safari lodge site localities should be at least 50m away from water

frontage of any nearest river system.

ix) The ablution rooms/toilets should be constructed 61m away from water

frontage of any river system.

x) The structures of the safari lodge to be constructed should blend with the

surrounding environment.

xi) No generators should be allowed at the safari lodge to avoid noise pollution.

However, solar panel power should be used instead.

xii) No vegetable gardens should be allowed at the safari lodge within the P.A.

xiii) Designated footpaths should be established with minimum clearance of

vegetation and these should not exceed 1m wide. Only under growth branches

should be cut.

xiv) At least three baboon proof dustbins with heavy lids should be mounted at some

communal place of the safari lodge site to carter for bottled and container

waste, waste tins and biodegradable and burnable material wastes. Mechanism

and modalities of disposing off the above-mentioned wastes is the responsibility

of the safari lodge manager in consultation with BFCWR management. However,

only biodegradable wastes should be disposed off within premises of the lodge

site while the other non-degradable wastes such as batteries, plastics, glass and

tins should be disposed off outside the wildlife reserve.


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xv) A site should be identified closer to the safari lodge premises where degradable

material wastes should be disposed off either by burning or burying it.

xvi) The proponent should not at all cost introduce exotic species and domesticated

animals at the safari lodge within BFCWR.

xvii) Leaflets guiding the tourists on how to sustainably stay at the safari lodge should

be produced and given to every client/tourist that comes to the safari lodge. For

example, fire is not allowed except at designated localities. Picking of fuel wood

and flowers around the lodge is not allowed.

xviii) A detailed Environmental Project Brief or Environmental Impact Assessment

depending on the bed capacity of the lodge should be prepared for construction

of the safari lodge within BFCWR as stipulated in the Biodiversity Act and

guidelines in the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations Document.

10.1.7 Mitigation Measures and Recommendations for other Wildlife Reserve Users

The following are among proposed mitigation measures and recommendations that the

developer/proponent needs to comply with during the preparation, construction and

operational phases of constructing a Safari Lodge. It is the responsibility of BFCWR

management to ensure that proposed measures are implemented wherever a safari lodge

is being constructed within BFCWR:

i) There should be no visitor experience that spoils biodiversity image of the PA,

such as balloon safari, horse riding, elephant riding and use of cable car or rope

way;

ii) There should be no use of micro-lights, helicopters for tourism purposes;

iii) It is important to emphasize that game viewing and bird watching will be

restricted to footpaths through the use of properly trained tour guides.

iv) The principal of trash in and trash out should be observed within BFCWR.

A detailed Environmental Project Brief or Environmental Impact Assessment study should

be conducted for the proposed developments:

i) Construction of a quarantine animal facility;

ii) Construction of the Administration and Management/Research Centre; and


73

III) Construction of any other development, which may negative socio-economic

effects on the surrounding environment.

10.1.8 Organization, Staffing and Administrative Structure

The organization and administrative structure of The Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife

Reserve is a schematic representation of the hierarchical relationships of the organs,

units and positions embodying the authorities and responsibilities of functions

necessary for the smooth and effective implementation of activities. It defines the

authorities and responsibilities for the coordination of the work behaviour and efforts of

the employees in unison for the purpose of accomplishing the set objectives and goals.

The organigramme of the BFCWR is a simple one designed to achieve its objectives in

the most effective manner. This structure is presented in Figure below as the

organogram of the management structures. It comprises of the:

a). Site Management Committee

Within the framework of its mandate as the village body responsible for policy decision

making, the SMC has its specific responsibilities including:

The Site Management Committee is the sole representative of the Gunjur Village and

responsible to report to the village inhabitants.

take the final decision on the employment and issuance of letters of contract to the

GEPADG management staff;

appointing the members of staff active in the reserve;

It is also responsible for the overall management and administrative oversight of the

reserve.

Investigation of all conflicts in the implementation of the conservation strategies and

proposing alternative lines of decision to GEPADG for their resolution;

Investigation of all inter-sectoral conflicts affecting the BFCWR and proposing

alternative policy decision lines to GEPADG for their resolution;

Carry out a technical review of any other investment proposals within the BFCWR as to

their potential contribution to the achievement of conservation objectives of the area;

Advise the local community members on the desirability or otherwise of any such

investment proposal based on its findings;


74

Ensure that decisions on all matters brought before it, are vigorously enforced and

complied with;

Provide overall policy guidance for BFCWR management;

Ensure coordination with lawmakers and state decision makers to put BFCWR

conservation outcomes within national policy.

Review and approve quarterly activity and financial reports

Approve quarterly work plans and budgets;

b). Department of Park and Wildlife Management (DPWM)

The DPWM has overall technical responsibility for the development and management of

protected areas and wetlands of wildlife conservation and sustainable significance in the

country. As the focal point for the CBD and implementer of the NBSAP, DPWM is the

technical adviser of the BFCWR. Its specific function in the implementation of the

BFCWR conservation strategy is inter alia:

i) assist the SMC and GEPADG in the recruitment of technical staff as required for

the efficient implementation of conservation strategies;

ii) assist in the provision of technical, administrative and managerial guidance to

GEPADG;

iii) ensure the adequate integration of the BFCWR conservation outputs into its

putative administrative and technical mandate;

iv ) help GEPADG to develop and enter into appropriate MOU with other NGOs and

CBOs involved in Biodiversity conservation strategies of the Gambia;

v) assist in the coordination and overseeing of the effective integration of the community

conservation and development plan of BFCWR site management plan;

vi) help supervise the implementation of the SMC recommendations;

vii) support the dissemination and implementation of the BFCWR conservation outcome by

the associated agencies, especially Fisheries Department, local fishing associations,

local authorities, NGO’s, CBO’s and MDFTs;


75

viii) Provide, through GEPADG and the SMC, support, guidance and advice for project

negotiations, problem solving and conflict resolution both internally and among

partners including local communities;

Ix review the Monitoring and Evaluation reports and provide implementation guidance

and recommended corrective measures;

c) Gunjur Environmental Protection and Development Group (GEPADG)

Consistent with its mandate as a conservation management body, the organization and

administrative structure of the Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve as an entity of

its own will be working through partners especially communities, CBOs, NGOs and

individuals and will be responsible for overall day- to-day management and supervision

of the Bolong Fenyo Community Wildlife Reserve. It comprises of the Executive

Director, an Ecotourism officer, two community wardens, a secretary, a driver, a

financial assistant, six (6) community rangers, a night watchman, a Cleaner, in specific

terms GEPADG will:

i) Carry out the day-to-day administrative leadership guidance and responsibilities

of natural resources management;

ii) Execute the day-to-day professional leadership guidance and responsibilities for

the effective implementation of the BFCWR natural resources management;

Iii) Carry out the day-to-day managerial leadership guidance and responsibilities for

the efficient implementation of the BFCWR natural resources management;

Iv) Carry out the day-to day financial transactions, accounting and control of the

BFCWR natural resources management budget;

v) Be responsible for the creation and establishment of the community

participatory structures and their effective deployment in of the BFCWR natural

resources management;

vi) Be responsible for organization, condition and supervision of the input of all

stakeholders and partners of the BFCWR natural resources management

implementation process;

vii) Be accountable for the ultimate successful implementation of all the BFCWR

natural resources management activities and achievement of the area

conservation objectives.


76

viii) Be accountable for quarterly financial and management reports on conservation

matters and,

ix) These broad administrative, technical, managerial and professional executive

responsibilities and authorities of GEPADG are embodied in the detailed terms of

references of its staff.

11.0 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

11.1 OVERVIEW

Plans are as good as the actions they lead to. Many times plans fail to deliver the

intended purpose. If a plan is to be implementable, there is need to ensure that:

a) The plan identifies the resource implications of its proposals and the action needed

from government, local communities and other stakeholders.

b) The plan clearly identifies the roles and encourages self-sufficiency of the

institutions involved.

c) The plan is realistic in terms of what can be achieved within the available resources.

Once the Updated Management Plan for BFCWR is approved and ratified by the

Authority, the next step is to implement the proposed actions outlined under Chapter

eight of the Updated Management Plan. The implementation actions provide guidelines

on how to implement the area’s developments and management in the field. The

implementation actions are useful and worth being prepared, as they are the backbone

of implementing this Updated Management Plan, otherwise it will not be fairly

evaluated. During and after the implementation, monitoring and evaluation is required

to provide feedback into systems implementation of BFCWR.

The proposed actions in relation to the respective management objectives and the

management zones have been formulated in order to efficiently and effectively

implement the Updated Management Plan for BFCWR with limited human resources

and funds over a certain period of time.

11.1.1 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK

11.1.2 Monitoring

Monitoring will be done on a continuous basis and will be used to assess delivery,

identify difficulties, to ascertain problem areas, and to recommend remedial actions.

The purpose of monitoring is to ensure the efficient and effective implementation of the

proposed management actions. Monitoring the implementation of the proposed actions

will provide timely baseline for future General Management Planning. The monitoring


77

tools to be used will be the proposed implementation action plan, the progress review

of implementing the proposed implementation actions and the review of the Updated

management Plan after three years. The implementation actions indicate the

management objective’s, actions to be taken, activities to be carried out, by whom, time

frame within which to carry out the activities and the progress review of implementing

the proposed management actions and the Updated management Plan will be used to

examine the actual implementation of the Updated Management Plan for BFCWR.

The proposed implementation action plan provides:

i) The actions and activities described in relation to the management objectives

ii) Who should carry out the activity, time from within which to carry out the activities

from the time of ratifying the Updated Management Plan and priority of the

activities to be carried out?

The progress review of implementing the proposed implementation actions and the

Updated Management Plan will answer the following questions:-

i) Are inputs made available as prioritized?

ii) Are activities being carried out according to the proposed action plan?

iii) Are actions being implemented as prioritized?

iv) What changes have taken place, particularly, if any additions or deletions were

made to the proposed management action?

v) What problems or difficulties have been encountered during the three years?

vi) What remedial actions have been taken or are planned?

11.1.3 Evaluation

The implementation of the Updated Management Plan will be evaluated by assessing

the effects and impacts of the area’s performance, focusing on the analysis of the

progress made towards the achievement of the proposed objectives. Evaluation will be

an essential function that will take place at one specific point in time in order to

feedback into the management and future direction of BFCWR planning, formulation

and management.


78

Evaluation will be key tool for:-

i) Enhancing the management of implementing the Updated Management Plan;

ii) Improving the development of new management actions; and

iii) Providing inputs into broader land-use management actions

Evaluation will be concerned with one or more of the following aspects of the Updated

Management Plan implementation performance:-

i) Effectiveness: To what extent has the Updated Management Plan achieved its

objectives and reached its target groups?

ii) Efficiency: Does the expected Updated Management Plan results continue to

justify the cost incurred?

iii) Relevance: Does the Updated Management Plan continue to make sense?

iv) Validity of design: Is the design of the planning process leading to the

preparation and production of the Updated Management Plan document logical

and coherent?

v) Casualty: What specific factors or events have affected the Updated

Management Plan?

vi) Unanticipated Effects: Is the Updated Management Plan having any significant

(positive and/or negative) effects, which were not foreseen during the planning

process?

vii) Alternative Strategies: Is there or would there have been, a more effective way

to address the problems, issues, concerns and achieve the objectives of the

Updated Management Plan.

viii) Sustainability: What is the likelihood that the Updated Management Plan

benefits will be sustained on a long – term basis?

11.1.4 Feedback

The proposed management action plan, the progress review of implementing the

Proposed management actions, the review of the Updated Management Plan after

three years and the self-evaluation reports will be the management tools that will be

used to guide and document the work that relates to other implementation of the


79

BFCWR Updated Management Plan. Both the preparation of these reports and the

follow –up actions to these reports will require dialogue and consultation with all

stakeholders. Results of the evaluation of the plan will be fed back to the original plan.

This process will provide counter measures to improve the situations and guide further

management decisions. In case of unexpected circumstances in the future, which are

significantly unsuitable with this plan, the process will allow the planning team to

modify the plan. The Updated Management Plan should be reviewed after three years

from being ratified while implementation of the management actions will be reviewed

annually through the BFCWR annual review meetings where annual reports will be

presented. Revised parts of the Updated Management Plan, if any, will be recorded in

the BFCWR annual work plan.


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12.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Denams Environmental Consultancy, 1998. Environmental Impact Assessment for the

Chalimbana Country Club.

GOTG., 2003. The Biodiversity/Wildlife Act of 2003. Banjul.

Gunjur Environmental Protection and Development Group. 2010. Bolong Fenyo Community

Wildlife Reserve Model 1. Banjul.

IUCN., 1994. Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories. IUCN/CNPPA Gland,

Switzerland WCMC Cambridge, UK.

NPWS., 1998. Policy for National Parks and Wildlife in Zambia. Ministry Tourism, Lusaka.

Muleya, Z. 2001. The Strategic Planning Process for preparing General Management Plans/Land

Use Plans for Protected Areas. Zambia Wildlife Authority. Chilanga.


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Appendix I

BOLONG FENYO BIRDS Checklist

NO. NAME OF BIRDS SCIENTIFIC NAME

1. Pink-Backed Pelican Pelecanus Rufescens

2. Hammer Kop Scopur Umbretta

3. Long tailed Cormorant Phalacrocorax africanus

4. Cattle egret Bubulcus Ibis

5. Squacco Heron Ardeola Ralloides

6. Black egret Egretta Ardesiaca

7. Western Reef Heron Egretta Gularis

8. Little egret Egretta Garzetta

9. Great White egret Egretta Alba

10. Grey Heron Ardea Cinerea

11. Purple Heron Ardea Pururea

12. White faced whistling Duck Dendrocygna Viduata

13. Osprey Pandion haliaetus

14. African Harrier Hawk Polyboroides typus

15. Pied Crow Corvus Albus

16. Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes Monachus

17. Red Necked Falcon Falco Chicquera


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18. Double Spurred Francolin Francolinus bicalcaratus

19. Spur Winged Plover Vanellus Spinosus

20. Wattle Plover Vanellus Senegallus

21. Grey Plover Pluvialis Squatarola

22. Ringed Plover Charadrius Hiaticula

23. Whimbrel Numenius Phaeopus

24. Common Greeen Shank Tringa Nebularia

25. Common Sandpiper Actitis Hypoleucos

26. Black winged stilt Himantopus Himantopus

27. Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres

28. Grey Headed gull Larus Grrocephalur

29. Lesser Black Backed gull Laris Fuscus

30. Caspian Tern Sterna Caspia

31. Royal Tern Sterna Matima

32. Sandwich Tern Sterna Sandvicensis

33. Little Tern Sterna Albifrons

34. Laughing Dove Streptopelia Senegalensis

35. Blue Spotted Wood Dove Turtur Afer

36. Red Eyed Dove Streptopelia Semitorquata

37. Vinaceous Dove Streptopelia Vinacea

38. Piapiac Ptilostomus Afer

39. Senegal Coucal Centropus Senegalensis

40. Diederik Cuckoo Chrysococcoyx Caprius


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41. Black Wood Hoopoe Rhinopomastus Aterrimus

42. Green Wood Hoopoe Phoeniculus Purpureus

43. Malachite King Fisher Alcedo Cristata

44. Broad Billed Roller Eurystomus Glaucurus

45. Blue Bellied Roller Coracias Cyanogaster

46. Little Bee-eater Merops Pusillus

47. Senegal Parrot Poicephalus Senegalus

48. Violet Turaco Musophaga Violacea

49. Western Grey Plaintain Eater Crinifer Piscator

50. Yellow Fronted Tinker Bird Pogoniulus Chrysoconus

51. Red Billed Horn Bill Tockus Erythrorhynchus

52. African Grey Horn Bill Tockus Nasutus

53. Grey Wood Pecker Mesopicos Goertae

54. Fine Spotted Wood Pecker Campethera Punctuugera

55. Crested Lark Galerida Cristata

56. Fanti Saw-Wing Psalidoprocne Obscura

57. Red Crested Swallow Thrundo Lucida

58. African Golden Onole Oriolus Auratus

59. Fork Tailed Drongo Dicrurus Adsimilis

60. Common Bulbul Pycnonotus Barbatus

61. Brown Babbler Turdoides Plebejus

62. Tawny Flanked Prinia Prinia Subflava

63. Green Backed Eremomela Eremomela Pusilla


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64. Grey Backed Cameroptera Camaroptera Breachyura

65. Beautiful Sun Bird Nectarinia Pulchella

66. Black Crowned Tchagra Tchagra Senegala

67. Yellow Crowned Gonolek Laniarius Barbarus

68. White Crested Helmet Shrike Prionops Plumatus

69. Greater Blue Eared Glossy Starling Lamprotornis Chalybaeus

70. Long Tailed Glossy Starling Lamprotornis Caudatus

71. Grey Headed Sparrow Passer Griseur

72. Northern Red Bishop Euplectes Franciscanus

73. Black Winged Red Bishop Euplectes Hordeaceus

74. Village Weaver Ploceus Cucullatus


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Appendix II

CHECKLIST OF BOLONGFENYO ANIMAL SPECIES

NO NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

1 Mudskipper Porogobius schlegelii

2 The green turtle Chelonian mydas

3 Fruit bat Lyssonycteris anagolesis smithii

4 Western red colobus Piliocolobus badius temminckii

5 Calithrix monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus

6 Senegal bush baby Galago senegalensia

7 Bush buck Tragelaphus s. scriptus

8 Red flanked duiker Cephalophus rufilatus

9 Clawless otter Aonyx capensis

10 Pardine genet crested

11 Serval

12 Porcupine

13 Gambia mongoose Mungos gambianus

14 Hyena {spotted} Crocuta crocuta

15 Sun squirrel Heliosciurus

16 Ground squirrel Xerus erythropus

17 Cane rat Thryonomys swinderianus


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18 Gambian giant porch rate Cricetomys gambianus

19 Hare Lepus saxatilis/oryctolagus cuniculus

20 African rock

21 Royal pythons

22 Puff adder Bitis a arietans

23 Spitting cobra Naja nigricollis

24 African bush snake Philithamnus semivariegatus

25 Black forest cobra

26 Sand snake Psammophis sibilans/psammophis

rukwae

27 Nile monitor Varanusn. Niloticus

28 Nile crocodiles Crocodylus niloticus

29 Leather back Dermochelys coriacea

30 Red flanked and armetage skink

31 Skinless and geckoes

32 Humped back dolphin Sousa teuzii

33 Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncates

34 Pilot bayed Globicephala macroohynchus

35 Minke whales Balaenoptera acutorostrata


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Appendix III

CHECKLIST OF BOLONGFENYO PLANTS SPECIES

NO NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

1 Baobab Adansonia digitata

2 Rhum palm Borassus aethiopum

3 Ironwood Prosopis Africana

4 Winterthron Acacia albida

5 Mohogany Khaya senegaleensis

6 Ginger bread plum Parinari macrophylla

7 Silk cotton Ceiba pentandra

8 African rosewood Pterocarpus erinaceus

9 Fara Piliostigma thonning

10 Kobo Ficus vogelii

11 Soto Ficus

12 Jallo Detarium senegalense

13 Kosito Dialium guineense

14 Soto-kuro Ficus capensis

15 Mampato Parinan excelsa

16 Wolo Terminalia albida

17 Bembofingo Lannea microcarpa


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18 Bembomnso Lannea velutina

19 Raftia palm Raphia palma-pinus

20 Oil palm Elaeis guineense

21 Mimosa Dychrostachys

22 West African laburnum Cassia sieberianna

23 Guinea peach Nauchea latifolia

24 Loust bean Parokia biglobosa

25 Mandingo kola Cola cordifoiia

26 Black plum Vitex doniana

27 Kaba senegalensis

28 Folay Landolphia heudelafii

29 Cashew Anacardium occidentale

30 Red mangrove Rhizophora racemosa

31 White mangrove Avicenia

32 Thinning polio stigma Poliostigma

33 Mango Mangifera indica

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