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Body Image and Disordered Eating
Developed by
Counseling & Wellness Services for the Department of Housing
& Residential Education
Session Outline
Body Image Eating Disorders Warning signs and tips Resources
What is body image?
An inner view of your outer self Not based on reality Four components:
Visual Mental Emotional Kinesthetic
Positive Body Image
Doesn’t measure worth by weight / size Doesn’t buy into “ideal” or “perfect” body
Realistic Proud Expressive Comfy
Fostering Positive Body Image
Promote body acceptance in: One’s self One’s community The media
Replace criticism with forgiveness Health comes in EVERY size
Use positive self-talk Body criticisms sabotage a healthy lifestyle
Negative Body Image
Visual distorted, unrealistic view
Mental feel ugly compared to “ideal”
Emotional ashamed, self-conscious
Kinesthetic uncomfortable, not expressive
Fostering Negative Body Image
Social internalization of “ideal body”
Psychological low self-esteem, depression
Interpersonal abuse, troubled family life
And the Consequences?
Depression
Substance abuse
Disordered eating patterns
Emotional distress
Eating Disorders
Low self-esteem
Some statistics…
Eating Disorders
Severe disturbances in eating behavior Extreme concern about body size, shape
Risk Factors Biological Psychological – 50-75% with history of
depression Developmental Social
And the Consequences?
Stunted growth
Cardiac arrest
Depression
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
Emotional problems
Infertility
Damage to heart and brain
Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
APA Diagnostic Criteria
Refusal to maintain “normal” BMI (18.5 – 24.9)
Intense fear of gaining weight
Negative body image and denial
For women: amenorrhea (loss of period) (about to change)
Restricting Type vs. Binge-Eating/Purging Type
Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
What’s the big deal?
The highest mortality rate of any psychiatric condition
5 – 10% of people with AN die within 10 years 18 – 20% will be dead after 20 years Only 30 – 40% ever fully recover
Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
Warning signs:
Clinical (what a doctor or RD sees) Abnormal weight loss or underweight BMI Low blood pressure/pulse Muscle wasting Bone loss Dehydration or excessive hydration Fainting/dizziness Hair loss or abnormal hair growth (lanugo) Loss of period
Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
Warning signs:
Behavioral: (What a friend/family member sees) Dieting or restricting when not overweight Negative body image, feels fat Preoccupied with food, calories, nutrition Denies hunger cues (doesn’t eat when hungry) Exercises excessively Frequent weighing Feels bloating/nausea after normal amounts of food
Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
APA Diagnostic Criteria
Recurrent binge eating
Recurrent compensation for binges
Negative body image
Normal, overweight or obese BMI (>24.9)
Purging Type vs. Non-Purging Type
Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
Prevalence: 1% - 4.2% in US females
For men: prevalence ratio 1:6 - 1:10
Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
Warning Signs
Clinical Electrolytes, throat/teeth, kidneys, fatigue, period, hair
Behavioral Eating without weight gain, bathroom, emotions,
weight, mood
Binge Eating Disorder (BED) Not defined by APA Diagnostic Criteria (EDNOS)
Recurrent binge eating
Eating rapidly until uncomfortable, often when not hungry. Eating alone and feeling disgusted or shameful
Distress about binge eating
Two days a week for 6 months? (about to change)
No compensatory behavior
Binge Eating Disorder (BED)
What’s the big deal?
Prevalence: Estimated at 2% Most common eating disorder
In morbidly-obese treatment-seeking populations: prevalence of 25%
Binge Eating Disorder (BED)
Warning signs:
Clinical Weight gain, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes
Behavioral Depressed, late-night, secretive eating, low self-
esteem, avoids social/sexual contact, copes with food
Spectrum of Disordered Eating
Fasts for one week a month
Obsesses about food
Hates his body
Binges on chocolate cake and pie every Friday night
Exercises three times a day
Throws up once a month
Orthorexia
Bigorexia
Pregorexia
Treating Eating Disorders
How do you think eating disorders should be treated?
Treating Eating Disorders
Individualized therapy
Team Approach MD Psychotherapist/Psychiatrist Registered Dietitian
OK… so, how do I talk about this?
Educate yourself! Be caring and nonjudgmental Expect anger Continue to offer support Do not accept disordered eating behaviors Inform RA or parents if she or he is in trouble Offer resources: CWS, CHS, something-
fishy.com
Resources
Counseling & Wellness Services http://campushealth.unc.edu/cws
Campus Health Services http://campushealth.unc.edu
PACE (Pathway to Awareness in College Eating) http://www.pace.unc.edu/
Something Fishy http://www.something-fishy.org
Events at UNC-Chapel Hill
Love Your Body Day – October
National Eating Disorders Awareness Week – February
Carolina Women’s Center – Various events
SHAPE (Students Helping to Achieve Positive Esteem)
For questions contact:
Antonia Hartley, MPH, RD, LDN
Clinical Nutrition Specialist
UNC Campus Health Services
Appointments: 919.966.2281
Email: [email protected]
Follow her on Twitter! @UNCNutrition
