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Body Image and Body Image and Disordered Eating Disordered Eating American teens in crisis American teens in crisis

Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

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Page 1: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Body Image andBody Image and Disordered Eating Disordered Eating

American teens in crisisAmerican teens in crisis

Page 2: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

The Need for Addressing The Need for Addressing Body Image and Body Image and Disordered EatingDisordered Eating

60% of average weight girls and 18% of 60% of average weight girls and 18% of underweight girls are trying to lose weightunderweight girls are trying to lose weight

Adolescent girls are avoiding calcium rich Adolescent girls are avoiding calcium rich foods because they view them as fatteningfoods because they view them as fattening

One in four London girls were found to be One in four London girls were found to be damaging their IQ’s by dietingdamaging their IQ’s by dieting

Weight reduction efforts by teenaged girls Weight reduction efforts by teenaged girls results more often in weight gainresults more often in weight gain

Eating disorders are on the rise and are Eating disorders are on the rise and are turning up in younger girls turning up in younger girls

Page 3: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

The School EnvironmentThe School Environment

How can school policies and practices support How can school policies and practices support positive self-esteem, body image and healthy positive self-esteem, body image and healthy eating habits?eating habits?

Zero tolerance for discrimination/harassmentZero tolerance for discrimination/harassment Educational opportunities for staffEducational opportunities for staff Ongoing support groupOngoing support group Parent educationParent education Healthy school meals programsHealthy school meals programs Adequate time for eatingAdequate time for eating Nutrition education in the curriculumNutrition education in the curriculum

Page 4: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Body Image and Disordered Body Image and Disordered EatingEating

Topics to be covered:Topics to be covered: The Media, Body Image and Eating Disorders Tips for Becoming a Critical View of the Media The Perfect Body Myth: A Look at Teen Body

Size Some Basic Facts About Eating Disorders How to Help a Friend: Information for Teachers regarding Eating

Disorders

Page 5: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Current Problems with the Current Problems with the MediaMedia

Media images Media images define beautydefine beauty

Currently…media Currently…media messages scream messages scream “Thin is In!”“Thin is In!”

Value placed on Value placed on body size body size ($$$= thin)($$$= thin)

Page 6: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Teen’s Exposure to the Teen’s Exposure to the MediaMedia

Adolescent girls get most of their health info from main stream media

60% of Caucasian girls report reading at least one fashion magazine regularly

Women’s magazines have 10.5 times more advertisements and articles promoting weight loss than men’s magazines

The average teen watches 3-4 hours of TV per day

TV commercials – 1 out of 3.8 sent some sort of attractiveness message

Page 7: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Become a Critical ViewerBecome a Critical Viewer

Teens do not Teens do not need to passively need to passively receive these receive these negative negative messages - they messages - they can take action!can take action!

Page 8: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

When viewing messages, When viewing messages, keep in mind...keep in mind...

Media messages are constructions, not Media messages are constructions, not reflections of realityreflections of reality

Message has been carefully crafted with Message has been carefully crafted with an intent…what is this intent?an intent…what is this intent?

Ads are created to buy or support a Ads are created to buy or support a product or serviceproduct or service

Viewer chooses how they receive Viewer chooses how they receive messagemessage

Page 9: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Action Steps to TakeAction Steps to Take

Talk back to your TVTalk back to your TV Send positive communication to inspiring Send positive communication to inspiring

messagesmessages Send negative communication to offensive Send negative communication to offensive

messagesmessages Tear out magazine pages - enjoy your edited Tear out magazine pages - enjoy your edited

magazine!magazine! Talk with friends and familyTalk with friends and family Boycott products from companies sending Boycott products from companies sending

negative messagesnegative messages

Page 10: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

The Perfect Body Myth:The Perfect Body Myth:A Look at Teen BodiesA Look at Teen Bodies

Significant change takes place in Significant change takes place in preteen and teen yearspreteen and teen years

Knowing what to expect may Knowing what to expect may lessen some fearslessen some fears

Help kids accept wider definition of Help kids accept wider definition of beautybeauty

Page 11: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Growth During Growth During AdolescenceAdolescence

Most rapid growth Most rapid growth period other than period other than infancyinfancy

Between ages 12 -18Between ages 12 -18• 15-20% of adult 15-20% of adult

heightheight• 50 -80% of adult 50 -80% of adult

weightweight• 45% of skeletal mass45% of skeletal mass

Page 12: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Fat Accumulation During Fat Accumulation During PubertyPuberty

Fat deposition occurs Fat deposition occurs between ages 9-12 between ages 9-12

Body is getting ready Body is getting ready for explosive growthfor explosive growth

Fat/growth is met Fat/growth is met with fear and anxietywith fear and anxiety

This stored fat This stored fat usually disappears usually disappears by late teensby late teens

Page 13: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Healthy Eating & Active Healthy Eating & Active LifestyleLifestyle

The winning combination!The winning combination!

Teen growth spurt is an “opportunity of a Teen growth spurt is an “opportunity of a lifetime”lifetime”

Adopt healthy behaviors that will last a lifetimeAdopt healthy behaviors that will last a lifetime

Healthy food choices and daily exercise Healthy food choices and daily exercise

Page 14: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Some Basic Facts About Some Basic Facts About Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Signs and SymptomsSigns and SymptomsSuspected CausesSuspected CausesRecommendations for helping Recommendations for helping someonesomeone

Page 15: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

General Definition of General Definition of Eating DisorderEating Disorder

Anorexia, Bulimia and Binge Eating DisorderAnorexia, Bulimia and Binge Eating Disorder

Extreme emotions, attitudes and behaviors Extreme emotions, attitudes and behaviors regarding weight and food issuesregarding weight and food issues

Serious emotional and physical problemsSerious emotional and physical problems

Can be life-threateningCan be life-threatening

Page 16: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Anorexia NervosaAnorexia Nervosa

Characterized by self-starvation & Characterized by self-starvation & excessive weight lossexcessive weight loss

Symptoms:Symptoms:• Refusal to maintain body weight above Refusal to maintain body weight above

minimal normal valueminimal normal value• Intense fear of weight gainIntense fear of weight gain• AmenorrheaAmenorrhea• Extreme concern with body weight/shapeExtreme concern with body weight/shape

Page 17: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Bulimia NervosaBulimia Nervosa

Characterized by secretive cycle of binge Characterized by secretive cycle of binge eating followed by purgingeating followed by purging

SymptomsSymptoms• Repeated episodes of bingeing and purgingRepeated episodes of bingeing and purging• Feeling out of control during binge eatingFeeling out of control during binge eating• Frequent dietingFrequent dieting• Extreme concern with body weight and shapeExtreme concern with body weight and shape

Page 18: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Binge Eating DisorderBinge Eating Disorder

Compulsive overeatingCompulsive overeating No purging, but sporadic fasts or No purging, but sporadic fasts or

repetitive dietsrepetitive diets Feelings of shame or self-hatred after Feelings of shame or self-hatred after

bingebinge Associated with anxiety, depression, Associated with anxiety, depression,

lonelinessloneliness Body weight variesBody weight varies

Page 19: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Suspected Causes of Suspected Causes of Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Complex, multi-factorialComplex, multi-factorial• BehavioralBehavioral• EmotionalEmotional• PsychologicalPsychological• InterpersonalInterpersonal• SocialSocial

Page 20: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Psychological FactorsPsychological Factors

Low self-esteemLow self-esteem Feelings of Feelings of

inadequacyinadequacy Feelings of lack of Feelings of lack of

controlcontrol Depression, Depression,

anxiety, anger, anxiety, anger, lonelinessloneliness

Page 21: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Interpersonal FactorsInterpersonal Factors

Troubled family and personal relationshipsTroubled family and personal relationships

Difficulty expressing emotions and feelingDifficulty expressing emotions and feeling

History of being teased or ridiculed based History of being teased or ridiculed based on size or weighton size or weight

History of physical or sexual abuseHistory of physical or sexual abuse

Page 22: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Social FactorsSocial Factors

Cultural pressures that glorify thinnessCultural pressures that glorify thinness

Narrow definitions of beautyNarrow definitions of beauty

Cultural norms that value people based Cultural norms that value people based on physical appearanceon physical appearance

Page 23: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Eating Disorders Eating Disorders Information for TeachersInformation for Teachers

Information here adapted Information here adapted from BodyWise resource for from BodyWise resource for

classroom teachersclassroom teachers

Page 24: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Why Should Teachers Be Why Should Teachers Be Concerned?Concerned?

Disordered eating Disordered eating affects learning affects learning outcomesoutcomes

Younger children are Younger children are developing eating developing eating disordersdisorders

All ethnic and All ethnic and cultural groups are cultural groups are vulnerablevulnerable

Page 25: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Become Familiar With Signs Become Familiar With Signs and Symptoms of Eating and Symptoms of Eating DisordersDisorders

PhysicalPhysical

BehavioralBehavioral

EmotionalEmotional

Page 26: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Physical Signs and Physical Signs and SymptomsSymptoms

Weight loss or Weight loss or fluctuationfluctuation

Abdominal painAbdominal pain Feeling full or Feeling full or

“bloated”“bloated” Feeling faint or coldFeeling faint or cold Dry hair/skinDry hair/skin Lanugo hairLanugo hair

Page 27: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Behavioral Signs and Behavioral Signs and SymptomsSymptoms

Dieting or chaotic food intakeDieting or chaotic food intake

Pretending to eat, throwing away foodPretending to eat, throwing away food

Excessive exercisingExcessive exercising

Preoccupation with foodPreoccupation with food

Frequent trips to bathroomFrequent trips to bathroom

Page 28: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Emotional Signs and Emotional Signs and SymptomsSymptoms

Dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction with appearancewith appearance

Sadness, feelings Sadness, feelings of worthlessnessof worthlessness

Perfectionist Perfectionist attitudeattitude

Page 29: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Teachers as Role ModelsTeachers as Role Models

Ask:Ask: Do I promote fear of fat by my words/actions?Do I promote fear of fat by my words/actions? Am I dissatisfied with my body size/shape?Am I dissatisfied with my body size/shape? Am I always dieting?Am I always dieting? Do I make comments about size/shape?Do I make comments about size/shape? Do I have prejudices against overweight Do I have prejudices against overweight

children or adults?children or adults?

Page 30: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Address Healthy Eating Address Healthy Eating from Many Avenues:from Many Avenues:

HealthHealth ScienceScience Social StudiesSocial Studies Media LiteracyMedia Literacy Body Awareness (sex ed)Body Awareness (sex ed)

Page 31: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Promote a Safe School Promote a Safe School EnvironmentEnvironment

Zero Tolerance for:Zero Tolerance for: Size and sexual Size and sexual

discriminationdiscrimination HarassmentHarassment TeasingTeasing Name CallingName Calling

Page 32: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Take Action When Take Action When Concerned About a Concerned About a StudentStudent

Goal: Communicate to student that Goal: Communicate to student that you care and refer him/her to a you care and refer him/her to a health care provider trained in health care provider trained in eating disorderseating disorders

BodyWise Resource: BodyWise Resource:

How to Help a StudentHow to Help a Student

Page 33: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Assist Students in Assist Students in “How to Help a Friend”“How to Help a Friend”

EDAP resources EDAP resources are terrificare terrific

Taking action is Taking action is encouragedencouraged

Page 34: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Module 4: Body Image Module 4: Body Image and Disordered Eatingand Disordered Eating

Information and activities primarily Information and activities primarily focused on prevention efforts helping to focused on prevention efforts helping to

combat negative body image and combat negative body image and disordered eatingdisordered eating

Page 35: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

What’s the Truth?What’s the Truth?

T/F QuizT/F Quiz Begins module Begins module

with active with active student inquirystudent inquiry

Address Address misconceptions misconceptions from the startfrom the start

Page 36: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Background Information Background Information SheetsSheets

The Media, Body Image and Eating Disorders (EDAP)

Tips for Becoming a Critical Viewer of the Media (EDAP)

The Perfect Body Myth: A Look at Teen Body Size

Some Basic Facts About Eating Disorders (EDAP) How to Help a Friend (EDAP) Say No to Dieting (from Mirror/Mirror, Beef

Council)

Page 37: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Activity 1: Truth in Activity 1: Truth in AdvertisingAdvertising

Students critique Students critique messages in messages in popular teen popular teen magazinesmagazines

Redesign an ad to Redesign an ad to reflect more reflect more healthful messagehealthful message

Page 38: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Activity 2: Self-Esteem Beyond Activity 2: Self-Esteem Beyond LooksLooks

Students learn about natural body Students learn about natural body changes that take place in teen yearschanges that take place in teen years

Activity focuses on identifying Activity focuses on identifying admirable yet non-physical admirable yet non-physical characteristics in others and selfcharacteristics in others and self

Page 39: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Activity 3: Say No! to Activity 3: Say No! to DietingDieting

Students learn Students learn about various about various eating disorderseating disorders

Plan out Plan out campaign to send campaign to send message via message via various media, various media, “Say No! to “Say No! to Dieting” Dieting” (adapted from (adapted from Mirror/Mirror resource)Mirror/Mirror resource)

Page 40: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

The Virtual ConnectionThe Virtual Connection

Online resources on body image and Online resources on body image and eating disorderseating disorders::

EDAPEDAPNational ED Information Center (Canada)National ED Information Center (Canada)

BodyWiseBodyWise Something FishySomething Fishy

Page 41: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Eating Disorders Eating Disorders Awareness and Awareness and Prevention, Inc. (EDAP)Prevention, Inc. (EDAP)

Page 42: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

National Eating Disorders National Eating Disorders Information CenterInformation Center

Page 43: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

BodyWiseBodyWise

Page 44: Body Image and Disordered Eating American teens in crisis

Something FishySomething Fishy