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Boat Crew Workshop
Regional Based Training for
Divisions 01,13,18 and 22
04May2019
1
Instructors
• Ron Kudla (Flotilla 1-3)
– ADSO-OP, ADSO-MT, IPFC
– 9 years of service, Coxswain
– 870 hrs of Auxiliary Marine Patrols
• Rudy Vilardi (Flotilla 1-3)
– Former SO-MT, FC, VCDR
– 23 years of service, Coxswain
– 682 hrs of Auxiliary Marine Patrols
2
3
What We’ll Discuss
• Actions necessary during a man
overboard emergency
• Procedures for towing astern and
alongside
• VHF radio use and Coast Guard
Rescue 21 system
• GAR 2.0 and Risk Management
“Man Overboard !!”
4One of the worst alarms to hear
while underway
Man Overboard
Initial Actions (Pointer)
• Sound the alarm
– MAN OVERBOARD!! (port / starboard side)
• Keep person in water (PIW) in sight
continuously
• Point towards PIW (open handed)
5
Man Overboard
Initial Actions (Pointer)
• Move to a position in sight of the helm
– Do not go forward on most Auxiliary boats
– Move toward the helm station
• Keep coxswain informed
– Direction (relative bearing)
– Distance (yards)
– Condition of PIW
6
7
Never take your eyes off the PIW!
Man Overboard
Initial Actions (Recover / Pick Up Man)
• Throw ring buoy in the water
– PIW may be able to get to it
– Serves as a reference point (datum)
marking the general location of the incident
• Prepare rescue equipment
– Heaving line
– Boarding ladder
– Assist getting the PIW aboard
8
Coxswain / Helmsman
Responsibilities
• Sound the danger signal
– 5 short blasts
– Alert other boats around you
• Mark your Position (Datum)
– MOB button on GPS
• Notify the Station (when time permits)
9
Coxswain / Helmsman
Responsibilities
• Be careful not to eject other crew
members by making abrupt turns or
speed changes
– Kick stern away from PIW (if able)
• SLOW DOWN!
Important: Let others know what course and throttle
changes you are about to make
10
Coxswain / Helmsman
Responsibilities
• Slow down, assess the situation, and
take action (do it right the first time!)
– Navigate back to PIW
– Maintain safe speed
– Makes recovery approach
• Brief crew on recovery procedures
11Remember…assess the situation
before rushing to action!
Coxswain
Responsibilities
• Assign crew duties
– Pointer (typically the first to see PIW)
– Recovery / Pick-up crew
– Ascertain condition of PIW
– Recovery procedures and equipment
needed
12Remember…assess the situation
before rushing to action!
Coxswain
Responsibilities
• If additional assistance is required or
PIW cannot be located:
– Notify the Station
– Issue “PAN-PAN” broadcast (VHF Ch-16)
• VHF Ch-16
• Other nearby vessels may
come to your aid
– Start search pattern at
datum location13
Recovery Procedures
• If PIW is conscious and able to
move freely?
• Use heaving line / boarding ladder
• Any injuries / Hypothermia?
• Treat for shock
• Report to the Station
14
Recovery Procedures
• Is PIW injured?
– Do no further harm
• Can’t get PIW aboard
safely?
• Now What ??
15
Recovery Procedures
• Night Operations
– Is there a marker light (strobe
preferred) on your ring buoy?• Will make it easier to navigate back to the PIW
• Practice Risk Management
– PIW should activate their strobe light
16
MOB Summary of
Procedures
1. “Man Overboard!” – Continuous communication
2. Sound danger signal (5 blasts) and
mark position (GPS and datum buoy)
3. Maneuver back to PIW – slow down
4. Assign duties
5. Affect rescue
6. Notify the Station (ASAP when time permits)
17
Towing
• Should never be considered routine
• Unless in distress, the vessel being towed
is normally towed to a safe haven
• Gather as much information as possible
from the disabled
vessel before taking
the vessel into tow
1818
Towing Safety
• The safety of the crew and the crew of the
towed vessel is paramount
• Do not let a perceived need to engage
in a towing mission override a
complete, honest risk assessment
process that emphasizes personnel
safety
19
Maintain Situational
Awareness
• Clear and constant communication
• Everyone is responsible for identifying and
managing risks
– What are the risks?
• Maintain a lookout
• Maintain communication with the towed
vessel
20
Perform On-Scene
Assessment
• Gather as much information as possible
from the disabled vessel
• Discuss concerns before directing action
• Circle the disabled vessel (if able)
– Note cleat configuration
– Look for any signs of potential trouble
• Fuel leaks, hull condition, seaworthiness, etc.
• Notify the Station21
Preparing for Stern Tow
Questions from Crew
to Disabled Vessel
• Do you need assistance?
• What is the nature of your problem?
• Are you taking on water?
• Is anyone in need of medical attention?
• How many people on board (and children)?
• Anyone below deck?
• Do you have a radio or cell phone?
• Did you call anyone for assistance?
• Have everyone put on life jackets 22
Brief the
Towed Vessel
• Brief the disabled vessel of the following:
– General safety (PFDs, staying clear of tow rig,
tow rig chafe, location of crew)
– Steering (whether to man helm or lock rudder
amidships, whether to steer on towing vessel’s
stern)
– Communications (maintain communications
with the disabled vessel throughout the tow)
– Emergencies (breakaways, signals)
– Lighting and sound signals 23
Towing Safety
• While passing and connecting the tow lines
use loud and clear communication between
crewmembers and coxswain to prevent
accidents
• Whenever the coxswain directs an action, a
crewmember must take that action and reply
that the action has been taken
• Whenever a crewmember advises the
coxswain of status or action, the coxswain
must acknowledge same24
Pre-Towing Procedures
• All towing lines should be rigged so that
the disabled vessel receives the eye of
the line
• Crew of the disabled vessel shall be
instructed to place the eye of the line
over their cleat
25
Passing the Tow Rig
• Coxswain maneuvers alongside the disabled
vessel
• Crewmember notifies coxswain: “I have a
shot”
• Coxswain responds: “take the shot”
• Crew replies “taking the shot” and notifies
the crew on the disabled vessel that the line
is being passed - “heads up”
• Cast the heaving line so that it falls across
the disabled vessel’s deck
26
“Line in the Water”
• Potential to “foul” the prop
– Remember, nylon line sinks!
– Crew members need to tend the tow line
so that it cannot foul the propellers
• A taught line that touches the water that
cannot foul the prop is not a “line in the
water”
27
Stern Tow
Connect Tow Line First
28
Tow Line
Stern Tow
Attach Bridle
29
Bridle
Tow Line
Bridle is used to center the tow line behind
the towing vessel
Stern Tow
Alternate Configuration
30
Bridle
Tow Line
Bridle is used to center the tow line behind
the towing vessel
Stern Tow
Bridle for Towed Vessel
31
Bridle
Tow Line
Avoid connecting the towline to an off centerline
fitting on the towed vessel. Use a bridle for an equal
amount of strain on both sides of the tow.
3333
Setting a
Towing Watch
• The condition of the vessel in tow and
the towline must be constantly
monitored
• Do not stand directly in line with the
towing line
34
3535
36
Let’s do some Risk Management
Can we reduce the risk?
36
3737
• Remove anchor
• Consider skiff hook (calm seas)
• Use bridle
Towing Alongside
• An alongside tow allows two vessels to be
maneuvered as one
• Necessary when approaching a dock,
mooring, or anchorage in sheltered waters, or
when maneuvering in congested or restricted
waters
38
Hull Alignment
• Towed vessel should be located forward
of the towing vessels rudder or outdrive
– This will allow for proper steerage by the
towing vessel
39
Safety Procedures
for Side-Tow
• Deploy fenders as needed
• Do not fend off boat with your feet or
hands!
– Use a “walking fender”
• Have all the needed lines at the ready
• Maintain a lookout during the evolution!
40
Towing Alongside
Danger zone
#3 #2
#4
#1
41
Tow
Tow Line Nomenclature
• Line # 1: Bow Line
• Line # 2: Towing Strap (Forward Spring)
• Line # 3: Backing Line (After Spring)
• Line # 4: Stern Line
• Coxswain will determine the order of lines
to be connected to the disabled boat
based on sea conditions
42
Towing Alongside
• Determine on which side the tow will be rigged
• Coxswain decides if the towline will be
disconnected from the tow, or remain connected
– One benefit of using the towline as the bow line is that
there is always a line attached to the disabled vessel
and returning to a stern tow is possible should the
need arise
– Use of a towline as the bow line puts more line lying on
deck and may be a tripping or fouling hazard
• Free approach
– Approach is made as if mooring to a pier, but the first
line over will be the #1 line 43
Rigging Order
• Calm Conditions:
– Bow line (#1)
– Stern line (#4)
– Tow strap (#2)
– Backing line (#3)
• Adverse Conditions:
– Bow line (#1)
– Tow strap (#2)
– Backing line (#3)
– Stern line (#4)
44
#1
#4
#3 #2Boat Crew Seamanship
Manual:
Chapter 17.D.51
Rigging Order
45
Boat Crew Seamanship Manual:
Chapter 17.D.51
1, 2 and Go!
Danger zone
#2
#1
46
Side Tow
• For maximum control of the tow, all alongside
lines should be as tight as possible. Spring
lines are tightened by crewmembers taking
up slack obtained when the coxswain
throttles forward and reverse
47
Communications and
Rescue 21
4848
49
Why Do We Use
Marine Radios?
• Safety, Urgent messages from Sector
– Distress, urgency & safety messages
– UMIB, MARB, Weather alerts
• Communications with controlling station– Position / Ops reports
– Watchstander is part of your “crew”
• Communications with Boating Public– Maintain comms during towing
– Information gathering to determine if in distress
VHF Radio Equipment
• Fixed-mount unit with antenna
– 25 watts maximum power
– 6 to 12 foot antenna height typical on most
vessels
– Reliable range 10-15 miles
• Handheld with integral antenna
– 5 to 6 watts maximum power
– Reliable range 2-3 miles50
VHF Radios
• FM – Static free
• Line-of-sight transmission
• Used and monitored by the U.S. Coast
Guard
– Coast Guard monitors channel 16
• “USA” and “International” frequencies
– When not the same, the USA channel
number includes the letter A (“alpha”)51
52
Line-of-Sight
Transmission
• Range of communication is limited to line-of-
sight (they must “see” each other)
• Antenna height makes a big difference in
effective range
52
Signal Suppression
• VHF-FM radio only receives the
strongest signal
• The strongest signal “steps on” the
weaker signal
• Always use the lowest power needed
for communication
53
Maintain a Radio Log
• Keep a record of:
– Time of transmission
– Station called
– Brief description of the message
• Why should we keep a radio log?
54
55
VHF Working Channels
CH 16 - Distress, urgency, safety, calling
CH 9 - Alternate calling channel
CH 13 - Bridge-to-bridge (Navigation)
CH 21A, 23A - U.S. Coast Guard only
CH 22A - Coast Guard liaison
CH 81A, 82A, 83A - U.S. Government only
CH 68, 69, 71 - Non-Commercial working
CH 70 - Digital Select Calling (DSC)*
Automated Radio Checks
• VHF Channels 24, 26, 27, 28
• Tune to proper channel for your community
• Conduct radio check normally
• Upon releasing the mic, the system will replay
your transmission
5656
57
Before You Transmit
Listen
- Then -
Listen Some More!
58
Calling Another Station
• Select channel – usually 16
• Listen – determine channel not in use
• Press button on mic
• “Name of the boat/station you are calling”
• “This Is (name of Your boat)”
• “Over”
• Release mic button & listen
• Change to working channel
59
Calling Time Limits
• 1st Call - 30 seconds maximum
– If no response, wait 2 minutes
• 2nd Call - 30 seconds maximum
– If no response, wait 2 minutes
• 3rd Call - 30 seconds maximum
– If no response, wait 15 minutes before
additional calls are made to the same
station
60
Maintaining Comms
• Press button on mic
• Always begin every transmission with the name of station you are calling followed by your call sign (or vessel name)
• Then transmit your message
• Use the proword “Over” to indicate you are finished transmitting and awaiting an answer
Procedure Words
“Pro-words”
• Pro-words are key to the efficient use of
radiotelephone time
• Radio shorthand
• Meant to reduce transmission time
– More opportunity to hear important calls
61
Procedure Words
“Pro-words”
• Over – End of my transmission, response is
expected
• Out – End of my transmission, no response
expected
• Roger – I received your last transmission
• Wilco – Your last transmission was received
and understood, and will be complied with
• Improper to say “over and out”62
Distress, Urgency,
and Safety Calls
• Mayday: Distress signal
– Grave and imminent danger
• Pan-Pan: Urgency signal
– Announces that an urgent message follows
– Safety of a vessel or person in jeopardy
• Sécurité (secur-i-tay): Safety signal
– Announces a message about safety of
navigation or an important weather warning63
64
Distress Signal
• Use when imminent danger exists
• Call on channel 16
• Call format:
– “Mayday Mayday Mayday”
– “This Is (Name of your boat)”
– State location, nature of problem, number
of POB, describe boat and condition
– “This Is (Name of your boat), Over”
65
During Distress
Communications
• Stop all other communications
– “All Stations”
– “SEELONCE Mayday”
– “SEELONCE Distress”
• When distress is over
– “SEELONCE FEENEE”
66
DSC VHF radios
• DSC = Digital Selective Calling
• Allows mariners to send automated digital
distress messages anywhere in the world
– “Mayday” call not required
• Channel 70 is reserved for digital distress
calls
• Voice communications on
Channel 70 is forbidden
66
67
Rescue 21 System
Saving Lives in the 21st
Century
• Full coverage along the entire coastline
• Rescue 21 can detect weak signals (1 watt
for 2 seconds)
• Maximum range out to 50-100 miles (25 watt
radios)
• Recording and playback features
• Any ship with a DSC radio will also receive
the signal
Rescue 21 System
6868
69
Rescue 21 System
Saving Lives in the 21st
Century
• Press “Distress” button on VHF radio to
automatically send distress message
– Position information included if VHF radio is
interfaced with GPS
– Rescue 21 has radio direction finding capability
– When registered with Maritime Mobile Service
Identity (MMSI) sends vital vessel information
70
Rescue 21 and DSC
VHF radios
• Obtain MMSI number
– Your vessels address
– Contains vital information about your boat
• Program your radio with the number and
other information
Risk Management
and GAR 2.0
• Provides a framework to identify and
assess hazards, evaluate risk, and
weigh the risk against potential benefits
71
Assess Risk
Identify Hazards
PEACE Model:
• Planning
• Event Complexity
• Asset (Crew / Facility)
• Communications
• Environment
Explore Mitigation
STAAR Model:
• Spread Out
• Transfer
• Avoid
• Accept
• Reduce
72
Overall Risk for Mission = Low, Medium, or High
Assess Gain
• Low – Situation with unclear benefits or
low probability of providing concrete
results
• Medium – Provides immediate and real
benefits
• High – Provides immediate and real
benefits that, if ignored, could result in
loss of life73
Risk vs Gain
74
What can go wrong?
And why?
• Determine severity if it actually happens
– Will someone get hurt?
– Will it affect successful mission
completion?
• What is the probability that it will occur?
• What is the exposure?
• Discuss mitigation strategies to reduce
the risk75
Towing Evolution
What can go wrong?
• Tow line in the propeller
Why?
• Excessive slack in the
tow line.
• Tow line snaps.
76
MOB Drill
What can go wrong?
• Crewmember fall in water
Why?
• Helmsman turns boat too
sharply.
• Helmsman throttle down
abruptly.
• Crew reaches over
gunwale in high waves
77
Searching for
Missing Kayaker
What can go wrong?
• Search in wrong area
Why?
• Failure to hear proper
coordinates from
watchstander.
• Failure to navigate
properly to the last known
position.
• Paper charts are not on
board.
78
Fireworks Patrol
What can go wrong?
• Accident with another
boat after the event
• Grounding when RTB
Why?
• Too much boat traffic.
• Navigation lights on other
vessel not working.
• Failure to stay in the
marked channel.
79
Summary
• MOB procedures
– Practice like it is real
• Towing considerations
– Line numbers
• VHF radio basics
– Line of sight transmissions
• Rescue 21 System / DSC radios
• Risk Management80
Thanks for Listening
81