BNFT January 2009 Section A - electricscotland.comHandbook to Scotland and the Shekinah Rosslyn angel pin and pendant! Front page, section B of this issue! ... curly hair . I will

January 2009 Beth�s Newfangled Family Tree Section A Page 1

Volume 2 No. 9 Beth’s Newfangled Family Tree Section A January 2009

The art of living is more like wrestling than dancing. Marcus Aurelius (121-180)

Patricia Bell and her IrishWolfhound Grainne - onGrainne’s 16th month birthday!

Celebrating the beautiful Irish Wolfhound’s 16th monthbirthday, here are Patricia Tennyson Bell and her youngdog, Grainne at the Irish Wolfhound Christmas Party inPasadena, California. Connall and Patricia also have theAKC Champion Irish Wolfhound, Strongbow, as part of theirfamily!

THE CRAWFORD SURNAME Y-DNA PROJECTYou are cordially invited to participate in the

Crawford surname Y- DNA project.Information, listing of current results,

and signing up for testing can be accessed athttp://www.clancrawford.org/home.htm

To contact the project coordinator, e-mailKevan Crawford, Ph.D. at: [email protected]

See who won freecopies of The HistoricalHandbook to Scotland

and the ShekinahRosslyn angel pin

and pendant!Front page, section B of this issue!

Page 2 Section A Beth�s Newfangled Family Tree January 2009

Editor, photographer, etc.Beth Gay, LOK, FSA Scot

<[email protected]>347 Rocky Knoll Rd.Walhalla, SC 29691

WebmasterAlastair McIntyre, KTJ, FSA Scot

<http://www.electricscotland.com>

Masthead DesignerTom Freeman, KR, FSA Scot

<[email protected]>

Please tell everyone about

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Be notified when a new BNFT issue is ready! Free! Just visit

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each month atthis site!

Your Scottish andGenealogical news

is always welcomed!Just send to

[email protected]

Happy New Year!Narra, Beth, Tom & Alastair!


A letter from your editorResolutions anyone?

Ah well, I think my years of trying to make a list ofthings I am going either to do or stop doing - becausethey are either good for me or bad for me - are over.

I am set in my ways. I will always love chocolate,strawberry anything and lemon merangue pie. So there.

I have realized that no matter what I do, I amnever going to be skinny. No matter how hard I try, Iwill never be able to sing. No matter how many times Itry and how long I work at it, I am not going to havecurly hair. I will never be able to do more than simplemath (My father taught chemistry andphysics...somehow my mother had a calculator in herhead. The numbers genetic thingie skipped me entirely.).I will never be a gourmet cook. I will never be a pilotnor an Olympic Equestrian nor a Prima Ballerina.

I am sad about the pilot, Olympic Equestrian andPrima Ballerina. However, the knowledge I do haveof these things makes me be in utter awe of those whocan fly - be it in an airplane, on a horse or their owntwo pointed-toe feet.

So, this year, my resolutions will be kinder andgentler and will simply be things that I need in my lifebecause they make me happy.

I resolve to be a better friend - not letting workor sleepiness overcome my need to write a note or aletter or make a phone call to tell a friend to see howthey are weathering the series of crisis’ that sometimesare just life...and to tell them how much they mean tome and how much I love them.

I resolve to get back to painting and the art Ilove so much - whether I am any good or not.

I’d like to have time to write - not for work - butfor me (sort of like this). I resolve to finish the book Istarted so many years ago...and maybe write anotherone or two or three...

I resolve to get back to gardening and the joysof working amongst green and growing things and tohave my hands scratched and the fingernails raggedand filled with rich soil. Section B of this resolution isto grow rose bushes - yellows and whites and redsand pinks and old fashioned ones - until I am able toonce again cut bucketfuls and give them away until

folks lock their cars in fear of coming back and findinga bucket o’yellow roses in the backseat!

I resolve to once again know the joy and won-der of the gentleness and intelligence of Newfound-land dogs. Ruthie, Chuckie and Walter are gone, butnever forgotten. There are Newfys who need homesand there is a Newfy Rescue group near where I nowlive.. Babies, I’m coming as soon as I can!

I resolve to take the time to get back to astronomyso that I may go out each starry night and recognize oldfriends in the sky. (Did you SEE Venus and Saturn closeto the crescent moon the other night? Oh my...wonder!)

I resolve to begin my quest to become “The World’sOldest Barrel Racer!” Yah! Hah! This one I can do -and with gusto! I resolve to go back to riding every dayenjoying this paradise that is the foothills of the Blue RidgeMountains - from the back of a good horse!

I resolve to gently enjoy each day that is filledwith love and laughter with the kindest, sweetest manin the world not even worrying that I would ever takehim for granted - for I could not ever do that.

Please wish me well.I challenge you to make a list like this - of

things that are missing - or that you love in yourlife now, but that all make your life happier, richerand more joyous.

Good luck with your list and good luck with ourbrand new year.

Love....beth


How to order

A HistoricalHandbook to

Scotlandby Duncan MacPhail

You may order, if you’d like to usea credit card, from

http://www.amazon.comor a USPS Money Order or Check

$25.00 includes s/hfrom Beth Gay

347 Rocky Knoll Rd.,Walhalla, SC 29691

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Turnbulls and Beyond... a tour of theScottish Borders next summer. Come!

Editor’s note: This tour begins with the Turn-ing of the Bull monument unveiling at the HawickHeritage Hub in Hawick, Scotland, 18 July 2009and ends with The Gathering in Edinburgh. Hawickis located in the center of historic Turnbull terri-tory in the Borders of Scotland.

The tour director (and founder of Smeddum Ltd.),Alastair Cranston has considerable knowledge of theBorders, Scottish history and Turnbull landmarks. Thistour is a chance to walk among the fields once occu-pied by your ancestors and discover what makestoday’s Borders so enchanting. Space is limited andAlastair is asking that you let him know by 20 January2009 if you are interested in participating.

The cost of the tour will be determined bySmeddum Ltd., based upon the number of interestedparticipants. (Transportation is a major expense. Costfor the Coach travel depends upon the size of Coachrequired.) This cost will be published in the February2009 Bullseye as well as communicated to those whohave expressed an interest.

Participants interested in being part of the TCATour can request Smeddum Ltd to assist in arrangingaccommodation covering all or part of period fromFriday night 17 July 2009 through Thursday morning23 July 2009 (or any part thereof). This accommo-dation will be in the Borders and will either be in/nearHawick - or in/near Melrose where recommendedchoices are Burts, Townhouse (Melrose) and DryburghAbbey, Buccleuch Arms (St Boswells).

During the TCA Borders portion of the tour (fromSunday am 19th through Thursday am 23rd) a Qual-

ity Coach (with toilet) will pick up and drop off tourmembers morning and night covering Melrose, St.Boswells, Denholm and Hawick.

First and last stops will vary depending on theday’s programme and coach route(s) taken. SmeddumLtd can assist with accommodation booking inEdinburgh from Thursday evening 23rd to Mondaymorning 27th (and beyond if required) covering par-ticipation at Clans Gathering the weekend of the 25thand 26th July 2009. All accommodation arrangementassistance is optional and in all cases, participants willhandle their own bill(s) apart from the tour cost. (Costof accommodations will be confirmed with each indi-vidual before booking.)

A Smeddum Tour Liason will be on coach andwith party during all day time activities and selectivelyin the evenings.

If you are interested in this tour, please respondContinued on page 8


When you discover you are Scottish...THE FIRST THING you do, is join your clan!

Continued on page 8


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Missing McPersons!Anyone looking for their ancestors will know thata common name like CRAWFORD isn’t easyto research. I began looking for the family of“JAMES CRAWFORD” my husband’s greatgrandfather last year, and probing the family inNew Zealand gave me very little to “go on.” OurJAMES CRAWFORD was a plumber born inScotland. He came to New Zealand with hisstepbrother – a BUCHANAN. He marriedMARGARET MILLAR at Knox Church,Dunedin, NZ, on 11 Jul 1873. He died at Dunedinon 16 Dec 1927 aged 90 – therefore he wasborn circa 1837. So where do you start? Hisdeath certificate seemed a good idea and whilerevealing nothing that we didn’t already know, itdid tell us that he was a native of Glasgow andcame to NZ 62 years previous. Excellent – Bornin Glasgow and left Scotland around 1865. Themarriage certificate revealed even less, apartfrom the name of the witness: – DUNCANBUCHANAN - perhaps he was the step-brother? So where do you go from there?JAMES CRAWFORD, born in Glasgow circa1837 – Look up the computer websites? Andyes – there are heaps of them. Stalmate!! Andthen one day I happened to find the Free Cen-sus website for the UK. Wow! A website thatallows you all the searching you require and it’sFREE. Quite a few JAMES CRAWFORD’Sand only 3-4 that fitted, but wait – the websiteisn’t yet complete and not all the parishes arethere – bother! So, I wrote to Margaret Single-ton, the coordinator for the Glasgow area, gaveher all the details I had and asked if she couldperhaps tell me where to go from there. I didn’texpect a great response but desperate folksgrasp at straws! In an instant she found me afamily that fitted: JAMES CRAWFORD – sonof JAMES CRAWFORD and MAXWELL (neeANDERSON) living in Sydney Street in the par-ish of St. Johns Glasgow in 1841. In 1851 MAX-

WELL was living with her second husbandRONALD BUCHANAN with the children fromher first marriage. And in 1861 they was livingwith children from both marriages including ason – DUNCAN BUCHANAN. At the sametime Margaret suggested that I look for thedeath of the mother in New Zealand, as after1861 she was no longer noted on any furthercensus. It was a long shot but it paid off. Yes, aMAXWELL BUCHANAN CRAWFORD diedin Dunedin on 6 March 1833 – a male! Itseemed too much of a co-incidence not to fol-low up, so I wrote to the Dunedin City Counciland asked if they would check the details of thedeath of one MAXWELL BUCHANANCRAWFORD – and of course the answer cameback – female. So now we have found our fam-ily – thanks to the efforts of Margaret in the UK.Being of Scottish origins myself, I was alwaysbrought up to believe that one good turn de-serves another, and I am presently helping theFree census folks with the transcribing of the1841 census for St. Johns Parish Glasgowwhere our family was found. The UK Free Cen-sus Project aims to provide an online search-able database of the UK nineteenth centurycensus returns with no charge for viewing. Vol-unteers are required to transcribe the censusreturns. To volunteer all you need is access to acomputer with a spreadsheet program and CDdrive. UK webpage http://www.freecen.org.uk/Scotland Webpage http://www.freewebs.com/mmjeffery/index.htm

If you are interested in the Lanarkshire area thecoordinator is Margaret Singleton. Margaret isalso willing to help with queries within hera r e a . h t t p : / /freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~margsing/ If anyone thinks they might be re-lated to our family – I would love to hear from them.


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Missing McPersons!Was GEORGE STREIBEL (1785-1871) amember of St. John German Church, Baltimore,MD? Burial – Old Cathedral Cemetery. Actress– “Dorothy Phillips.” Reverend PRESTERBESCHTLER? Spouse MARY FILLINGER(1793-1862). Have picture SUZIE STRIBLEWEBER (1887-1907) and her mother. Contact:Richard Morrissey, 28656 Murrieta, SunCity, CA 92586.

My name is Denise Mills and I am looking formy birth mother. I was separated from her at 4months of age. I was told she was deceasedbut have reason to believe she is still living. Iam requesting any information that may beable to help. I am trying to find date of birth,social security number, death certificate mar-riage license or divorce documents, to help findmembers of the family I know I have. Father’sname PAUL ARTHOR JOHNSON, date ofbirth 1-27-1925 in Richmond or Alexandria, Vir-ginia. Mother ’s name PEGGY JEANJOHNSON (maiden name BRAGG), birth year1927, date of death if deceased 8-1967 or any timethereafter. Denise Michelle Mills Johnson, 759Stevens St., Lowell, MA 01851,978-458-3775.

Searching for information on the parentsof WILLIAM STEWART, SR. born January 5,1756 in Botetourt County, Virginia who wasmarried to MARY (last name not confirmed, butpossibly - MONTGOMERY) in Virginia wherethey lived until late 1700s when they migratedto Tennessee, Davidson County and later,Hickman County. He died December 12, 1833in Madison County, Tennessee. WILLIAM en-listed at the very beginning of the RevolutionaryWar in Capt. Thomas Posey’s company andsent northward to join Col. Daniel Morgan’sregiment of riflemen. In 1777 he took part in thebattles of White Plains and Saratoga and the

taking of Gen. Burgoyne. Contact JeanetteWest at [email protected].

2009 NGSConference in theStates set forRaleigh in May

Have you made plans to attend the 2009 NGSConference in the States to be held at the new RaleighConvention Center from May 13 through 16?

The North Carolina Genealogical Society is proudto be the local host of this national conference. More infor-mation about the conference can be found on the internetat http://www.ngsgenealogy.org and http://www.ncgenealogy.org/. This is your chance to attenda national conference right here in North Carolina!There will be speakers, book dealers, genealogy prod-uct vendors, networking opportunities and much, muchmore for every level of genealogical experience.

Volunteers are needed for this major genealogi-cal conference, both before and during the event. Howabout you? More information about volunteering canbe found at http://www.ncgnealogy.org/pdf/press/volunteer.pdf. If you are interested contact Rob Elias([email protected]) or Cathy Elias([email protected]).

The NCGS announces SOCIETY NIGHT!That’s right, a night just for Societies—to bring booksto sell—to acquire new memberships—to networkwith conference attendees about YOUR SOCIETY!

This night will be open to the public and is FREEfor attendees! They are coming to see you, will you bethere? Say “yes” by sending an e-mail to HeatherChoplin at [email protected]. She’ll beglad to answer any questions you may have.


JGS invites you tointerestingJanuary session!

The Jacksonville Genealogical Society will beginthe new year on January 17, 2009 at 1:30 p.m. at theWebb-Wesconnett Library, 6889 103rd street, Jack-sonville, Fl.

We are pleased to have as our speaker the soci-eties historian, Mr. Dick Cardell. Mr. Cardell’s topic,“When Was That Picture Taken,” will include discus-sion on types of cameras, care of equipment, tips fortaking good photos, and how to date old photos fromclothing and hair styles of the subjects.

Members and guests are encouraged to bringtheir ancestral photos.

For additional information, Mary Chauncey canbe reached at (904) 781-9300.

Coastal Georgia Genealogical Societyinvites you to join them January 11!

The next meeting of the Coastal Georgia Genea-logical Society will be held on Sunday, 11 January 2009,at 2:00 p.m. at the Brunswick-Glynn County Library,Brunswick, Georgia. Plans are being made for a visit-ing expert, possibly from the Georgia Historical Soci-ety, to speak to the Society. Please mark your calendar.

Many have paid their dues. If you have not, pleasesend your dues for the fiscal year 2008 – 2009 at yourearliest opportunity. Membership dues are Single $10.00;Couple $15.00; Sustaining $20.00; Honorary NONE.

Please make check payable to the “Coastal GeorgiaGenealogical Society” and send it to Ms. Barbara Baethke,Treasurer, Coastal Georgia Genealogical Society, 119 BayBerry Circle, Saint Simons Island, Georgia 31522.

The book and CD recommended by Jane Wroton,Listening is an Act of Love by Dave Isay, were givento the Saint Simons Island Library as a memorial forour former Charter and Honorary members, Frances

and Jim Wroton. Take to time to look for this memorialgift when you visit the Library. Perhaps you will be in-spired to start your own family oral history project.

Your Society is now an Affiliate Chapter of theGeorgia Historical Society of Savannah. This makesCGGS part of a network of nearly 200 organizationsacross Georgia and beyond, including historical andgenealogical societies, museums, archives, preserva-tion groups, and patriotic organizations dedicated topreserving Georgia history. The affiliation will allowCGGS to have speakers from the Georgia HistoricalSociety staff share their expertise with us.

Charles Bagwell has donated one of his books to theSociety to be given to a local library. The handsome bookof Dodge County Georgia Cemeteries compiled andedited by June Selph Adams will be added to the Genea-logical Collection of the Saint Simons Island Library foruse by the public. Thanks for thinking of others, Charles!

to [email protected] [email protected] before 20 January2009. While interest in the tour is in no way an obliga-tion, participants for the limited number of places willbe selected based on first come first serve. It is rec-ommended that you place your name on the list if youare interested at this time.

With thanks to The Bullseye, publication of theClan Turnbull.

Go to Scotland with the Turnbulls, from pg. 4


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Genealogy and Self:A Search for Roots and how itRelates to the Appreciation of the Pastin Ourselvesby Joanne Crawford, Ph.D. Kevan Crawford, Ph.D.

Applications of DNA Projects to SurnameGenealogy

When the Crawford surnameDNA Project was launched threeyears ago participation was random.With few analyses to correlate, theoverall picture of the lineages wasnothing more than a few unrelatedbrush stokes at the bottom of a can-vas. With 73 participants now, wehave seen a group of 17 participantsemerge as a distinct lineage. Seven

Continued from our last issue...

additional smaller groups made upof 2-5 participants each can be dis-tinguished among the remaining par-ticipants. It should be noted at this point that the num-ber of participants in a group does not indicate thedominance of the line in the world’s population. Itmerely means that in a random selection of individu-als, those who choose to participate, that one line hasdistinctly more participants.

But the correlation of DNA results does not as-sist in surname genealogy unless the results can beplaced into the framework of lineages and linkagesproven by documentary research. This is particularlytrue of a surname whose members are numerous, highlymobile, widely dispersed, isolated, and independent.A connection based simply on DNA similarities meansvery little to sorting out the overall picture.

At present we have three participants with aproven connection in one group and two participantswith a proven connection in another group. Both groups Coantinued on page 24

belong to the most highly repre-sented lineage called Lineage I. Ex-amining the documented relation-ships demonstrates the reliability of

the DNA method. At the same time it shows the abilityof genes to mutate.

Of the group with three cousins, the relationshipsare of 5th cousins. Thirty-seven markers were ana-lyzed (FTDNA). One marker has been identified as aunique mutation to this branch of Lineage I and obvi-ously occurred before their documentation but afterthe lineage was formed. Only one of the cousins ex-hibits an additional mutation.

Of the group with two cousins, the relationship isof 2nd cousins. Thirty-seven markers were analyzed(FTDNA). One marker has been identified as a uniquemutation to this branch of Lineage I. One of the twohas two marker mutations from the other.

The earliest documented ancestor of several of


How does Jim Schmeltzer follow Honored Clanand the Gathering at Williamsburg Games?He wins best tent display!

Team (Jim) Schmeltzer won the Lord Dunmoreaward for Best Clan Display for 2008 at theWilliamsburg Scottish Games. The Team was madeup of Wayne and Cathy Jones, Jim “Bowie” Wallace,Lloyd Wallace, Mary Anne Whiteside and GarretWhiteside. The award winning display was a full teameffort. Jim led his team providing encouragement andinspiration to all. He also supplied great Scotch. TheWallace Tent had over 150 visitors, of which 24 com-pleted the information page and took membership in-formation. Many also took information on how to or-der the Book of Wallace.

It was an outstandingly productive effort on thepart of the team. Cathy and Wayne Jones provided abeautiful Tent display, Jim “Bowie” made sure the rep-lica of the Wallace Sword and its partner sword werepresent. Mary Anne and Garret provided the “mon-key work” as Mary Anne put it. They delivered, setup, manned the tent and tore down.

Lloyd worked the tent and was a HUGE help on

the money brigade. Not saying they had such a goodtime they looked like happy little monkeys.

Team Schmeltzer thought you might like to seethe awarding tent.

Our thanks go to Jim for providing the motiva-tion and inspiration to do a tent of this quality to repre-sent the Wallace Clan. Thanks also to Wayne Jonesfor not only mentoring a couple of upstarts like Garretand Mary Anne but also providing everything neededfor an award winning display.

TURNBULL/PARR WEDDING

On the 18th of July 2008 at St. Wilfrid’s Church, Mobberley, Cheshire U.K, JohnAndrew Bruce Turnbull married Joanne Parr. Above: John with his wife Jo, to his righthis father Ian, sisters Heather Turner and Hilary Preston and his mother, Olive, and to hisleft his brother Stewart Turnbull and sister Jeanette Silvester.


Carolyn (Carey)Wallace-Johnsonhonored at ball North Carolina Clan Wallace Convenor Nina Wallace

My niece, Carolyn (Carey) Wallace-Johnson,attended her annual Military Ball in January, 2008,where she received a special award for loyalty toGod and Country. She was also promoted to ensignin her NJROTC Navy unit, one of 6 officers over 130+students. In an unexpected departure from the usualformal wear required for this annual evening event,she asked me to design and sew her a gown that wouldshow off her Wallace plaid drape. She stated that shewanted to feature her Wallace plaid as an importantstatement of her heritage and history.

I was pleased to make her gown, and verypleased that she was so interested in representing ClanWallace in this manner.

Carey is shown with Chief Richardson, of theAM Vets of Ramona, California, presenting her theLoyalty to God and Country award.

Carey’s gown is made of white on white em-bossed satin. Her Clan Wallace Plaid is made fromWallace 100% cotton, with her Clan Wallace pin in

Carey Wallace-Johnson promoted to Ensignin her NJROTC unit and Honors Clan Wallacein design of her gownthe center of the Rosette.

The representation of Clan Wallace in this man-ner was very well received at the Naval Military ball.Carey is the daughter of Carolyn Wallace, of Ramona,California, and the niece of Nina and David Wallace,Clan Wallace conveners in North Carolina

Here’s the 80th BIRTHDAY25th September 2008 of ClanTurnbull member Ian Stewart Turnbullfrom Wilmslow Cheshire UK. Ian wasborn in Calcutta, India to Ian StewartChristie Turnbull and KathleenBoucher and moved with his parentsand siblings to UK in 1947.

He is married to Olive and theyhave two sons Stewart and John andthree daughters Jeanette, Heather andHilary. Ian celebrated his birthdaywith his wife and their children, grand-children and great grandchildren attheir their home in WilmslowCheshire.

Happy Birthday!



Lineage I was born circa 1745 in North Carolina. Theundocumented connection between the existing cor-related participants in Lineage I occurred before 1745.Generally speaking, the majority of Lineage I partici-pants differ by only two 7 mutations out of 37 ana-lyzed. Thus it is pretty safe to say that they likely sharea common ancestor within the last 200 to 300 years,likely somewhere in the late 1600s or very early 1700s.

We then observe that the occurrence of one ortwo mutations of 37 markers between 3rd-5th cous-ins is not unusual. It is also not unusual to have one ortwo additional mutations between 6th-8th cousins. Theobservations are merely generalizedobservations. The mutation rate ofeach marker has been determined andthere is much more science than canbe conveyed here. However, gener-ally speaking, the more distant the re-lationship, the more mutations arelikely to occur.

Therefore, 6th-8th cousins av-erage around three to four mutations.And when eight or nine mutationsappear in 37 markers, then we esti-mate the most likely branching oc-curred perhaps 400-600 years ago.When 12-14 mutations occur, thenwe likely are looking back to close toa thousand years when the branchingtook place. These are simply roughestimates. Closer estimates look atthe mutation rate of each marker. And even the bestscience cannot tell individuals exactly when the branch-ing occurred. That must be ascertained through docu-mentation.

How can we, with the Crawford surname, makebest use of the DNA method? The obvious answer isto increase the number of participants. But rather thantake a random approach, we should focus our effortson recruiting participation from those who have docu-mented lineages further back in time. This is our besthope for identifying lineages and associating them withspecific Crawford cadet lines.

Of great interest is the recent identification of twoCrawford cadet lines with substantial certainty, theArdmillan and Fedderate cadets. The Ardmillan linecurrently has five identified members. In this case, wehave a participant with known genealogical documen-tation which permits us to identify the DNA sequencefor this line with considerable certainty. The other fourmembers show three or less mutations, suggesting acommon ancestor within the last few hundred years.Family history permits us to hypothesize (at this pointconjectural) that this common ancestor is likely to havebeen James Crawfurd of Ardmillan. The oral histories

preserved by each family permit areconstruction suggesting that theproject participants may descendfrom his sons. This permits a focusin our search for confirmatory docu-mentation in a particular county ofNorthern Ireland (Donegal). We alsohave an approximate date of migra-tion for several of James’ sons toNorthern Ireland (c1690).

A third lineage (#2) showsgreater genetic distance, but still isclose enough to suggest a commonancestor since the advent of surnameswith the so far identified cadet lines(Ardmillan and Fedderate). We thinkwith these three lineages may repre-sent the direct Crawford male lineof descent from the earliest

Crawford ancestors who took their surname from theBarony of Crawford. We await further confirmationby documentation and the identification of other par-ticipants with known lineages. 8

Various genealogical sources identify lines backmore than 400 years. Some are fortunate enough togo back to nearly the advent of surnames. By usingvarious criteria we can sort out those with dubiouspedigrees. An example of a credible pedigree wouldbe of those descending through the holders ofCraufurdland Castle. Another cadet that is proving

Joanne Crawford, Ph. D., continued from page 13

Continued on page 18


A Simple Kindness - from OrkneyA Simple Kindness - from OrkneyA Simple Kindness - from OrkneyA Simple Kindness - from OrkneyA Simple Kindness - from Orkney Pat Long - [email protected]

Like many of her friends, my grandmother,Johina, was a herdie-girl. From the age of seven shespent the summer days up in the hills above Dounby,herding the cows.

Before the days of barbed wire, when only thecultivated ground near the farmhouse was enclosed,this was common practice all over Orkney.

Her cousin, Jimmy, who lived near Stromness,was only five when he was told that he would spendthe next summer herding cows for the neighbouringfarm of Clouster. He was quite happy with this, feelinghe would soon be a working man. He was even hap-pier when told that he would be invited to the NewYear dinner at Clouster.

In the early years of the 20th century in Orkney, thebiggest celebrations were at New Year rather than Christmas.

As the daily diet was very simple, with a lot ofoatmeal and kale and very little meat, the New Yeardinner was something to be looked forward to forweeks, and Jimmy could hardly contain his excitement.

His disappointment was just as intense, when helooked out of the window on the first day of the newyear and found that it had snowed heavily in the nightand was still snowing. The snow was far too deep fora small boy to wade through.

He spent the morning watching the snow driftand thinking of the meal he was going to miss, half amile away down the hill. Then he saw a man walkingup the hill through the snow and realised he was head-ing for the house. As he came closer, Jimmy recognisedhim as one of the servant-men at Clouster.

He had walked up through the snow to carry Jimmydown to the farm, so that he wouldn’t miss his dinner.

My father is 81 and Jimmy told him the storywhen my father was a boy and Jimmy was a very oldman. My father still remembers the tears that came tothe old man’s eyes as he told the story and thought ofthe kindness shown him so long ago.

May you enjoy some of the same simple plea-sure in 2009.


Bryan L. Mulcahy - Reference Librarian Fort Myers-Lee County Library 2050 Central Avenue Fort Myers, FL33901-3917 Tel: (239) 479-4651 Fax: (239) 479-4634 E-Mail: [email protected]

Bryan L. Mulcahy

Military Research & Genealogy

Serving in the military has always played an impor-tant role in the lives of many ancestors. This is especiallytrue for male children of immigrant ancestors, males, otherthan the first born, who were raised on farms. Wars andmilitary conflicts have been part of American history fromthe Colonial Period to thepresent. Many male ances-tors will be found in recordscreated as a result of mili-tary service or by applica-tion for veterans’ benefits.Proof of military servicewas mandatory for the an-cestor or his widow toqualify for benefits orbounty land grants. Thisprocess was cumbersomeand generated paperworkwhich can be valuable forresearchers today.

Before beginningyour research, there aresome basic factors thatcan help you limit yoursearch. First, did anymilitary conflicts occur during the period when yourmale ancestor was between the ages of 16 and 60?Focus your search on any military service and benefitrecords that cover this period in their lives. Many vet-erans served in several conflicts, so check ALL recordsfor these years. There were many veterans who servedin both the Civil War and the Mexican War, in spite of

the large gap in time between the conflicts. Secondly,did your ancestor serve at the State, Federal, or bothduring a particular conflict? If the unit or militia in whichhe served was never called into federal service, his

military records will likely beat the state archives ratherthan at the National Archives.

Finally, you must alsodetermine whose side yourancestor fought on. For in-stance, your RevolutionaryWar ancestor may have ac-tually fought for the British(Loyalists). None of theserecords are held by the Na-tional Archives. If he foughtfor the Confederate forces,most of these records areonly available at the state ar-chives where the unit was lo-cated. There are some con-federate records at the Na-tional Archives but in a sepa-rate series and they are notcomplete.

Clues to your ancestor’s service, the conflict hefought in, which side he was on, and the name of themilitary unit in which he fought may be found in a vari-ety of places, such as old family records, letters, sou-venirs, obituaries, tombstone inscriptions, and localhistories.

BLM 12/4/2008


Lee County Library wins “Libby Award”The Lee County Library System, Fort Myers, Florida, was among the various genealogy libraries through-

out the county who won a “Libby Award” mention from Family Tree Magazine in July or August of 2008 forquality service.

Bryan Mulcahy, who is the Reference Librarian in Lee County - and who writes each issue for BNFT,says, “Our recognition was for being a “long-distance champ” as in our ability to respond to queries nation andworldwide in a consistent and prompt manner. We were cited as being one of the fastest and provided the mostdetailed service.”

Congratulations Bryan and all of the staff who worked so hard to make this award possible!!

Left to Right Carolyn Ford (Lee CountyGenealogy Society, Lee County GenealogyBook Advisory Committee, Friends of theFort Myers Library, and our longest serving

volunteer); Rita Rawlins (Lee County Genealogical Society, Parliamentarian, Lee County Genealogy Society BookAdvisory Committee); Shirley O’Donnell (Vice-President-Lee County Genealogical Society, Chairperson of the EnglishRoots Interest Group, Lee County Genealogical Society Programmers Committee); Geri Thurman (Lee County GenealogySociety, Friends of the Fort Myers Library, Library Advisory Committee, Library Board Member) Sheldon Kaye (Director-Lee County Library System) Bryan L. Mulcahy (Reference Librarian-Fort Myers-Lee County Library)

Left to Right: Carolyn Ford(Lee County GenealogySociety, Lee County GenealogyBook Advisory Committee,Friends of the Fort MyersLibrary, and our longestserving volunteer); SheldonKaye (Director-Lee CountyLibrary System) Bryan L.Mulcahy (Reference Librarian-Fort Myers-Lee CountyLibrary)

1869-1930 Orphans to Canada records havebeen extracted - information available!

Children taken from workhouses and orphanages in the British Isles between 1869 and 1930 weresent to Canada, many losing all connection with their families.

Now these ships’ passenger lists at the Ottawa National Archives in Canada have been extractedby the British Isles Family History Society of Greater Ottawa and released through the Department ofHuman Resources.

For information, write BIFHSGO, PO Box 38026, Ottawa, ON K2C 1NO, Canada.





fruitful is the Ardmillan cadet. This line has documentedlineage, arms registrations, though it also appears tohave at least one lineage anomaly, which may relate itto a different cadet line though still within the mainCrawford YDNA sequences. Others would be thoseof the reasonably well-documented Kilbirnie cadet.There is also a recent registration of arms by theAuchenames chiefly line, though we have still not beenable to locate a living male descendant of that line.

More distinct anomalies are found in two of thecadets. In the case of the Craufurdland cadet we findthe paternal lineage is diverted fromCrawford genetics to Howieson(Houison) genetics as late as 200 yearsago. This is not an impossible hurdleto overcome. We simply need to findthe paternal descendants of the lastgenetic Crawford of the landholdersof Craufurdland Castle. Without hav-ing started this task, it may be easiersaid than done. In the case of theKilbirnie cadet, the paternal line shiftsfrom a Crawford genetic line to a Lind-say genetic line through the marriageof the heiress to a Lindsay who sub-sequently changed his name toCrawford as previously mentioned.This occurred 250 years ago and is solved with thesame approach. Some of the paternal descendants ofthe last genetic Crawford holding the Kilbirnie landsmigrated first to Ireland, and then to America. If someof them join the project, and we are able to associatethem to this lineage, we will then be able to identify theoriginal Kilbirnie cadet line Y-DNA sequence.

An intriguing finding is that looking to identify thedescent line for Patrick Crawford Lindsay within theCrawford surname, we compared Crawford lineagesto Lindsay ones. We did not find a match that wouldsuggest a common ancestor within the last 300 years,but did find one that suggests a common ancestor over1000 years ago, that is before the advent of surnames.Lindsay Group 9, known as the Albermarle Lindseys,and Crawford Lineage II show a significant number ofcommon marker values. The differences were not sup-

portive of a 200 to 300 years separation from a com-mon ancestor, but do suggested a common ancestorsometime before the advent of surnames. This raisesthe question as to who that common ancestor mighthave been, and the circumstances of the bifurcation ofthe lineage whereby one line of descent may have takenthe Crawford surname and the other the Lindsay one.

Another one of our Crawford lineages (LineageVI) shows significant similarities to one of the otherLindsay lineages, but the distance is too great to have

occurred earlier than within the last 500to 600 years and certainly way ante-dates the Patrick Lindsay infusion. Atpresent we have no idea who that com-mon ancestor might have been, nor evenif the similarities are due to other thancoincidence because of parallel or con-vergent evolution.

Implementing the technique ofidentifying well-documented ancientlines, we begin to review the notablepeerage publications and the registra-tions of arms in the Lyon Court to helpus in the 9 identification of lines. How-ever, we are still left with the problem ofconnecting living descendants with theselines. And finally, in most cases we still

have to locate living descendants.Of particular interest to the surname is the iden-

tification of the closest living descendants of the seniorline, otherwise known as the Chief’s line, those whooccupied the lands known as Auchinames near thetown of Johnstone in Renfrewshire. We will use armsregistrations to assist in documenting this line, whichterminated during the last century in Canada. Also, wehave obtained the registration records for theAuchinames lands from the public land records officein Scotland. We wanted a copy of the provenance,but so far have not been able to obtain it. The currentoccupants of the Auchinames Manor House informedus that any papers they might have were held by theirlawyer. Thus, so far, our aim of obtaining the prov-enance for Auchenames has been frustrated. A further




source would be earlier records that may be held inthe Scottish National Archive, an option still to be ex-plored. We were able to pay a visit to the estate andto establish a meaningful discussion with the currentowners, the Burns family, but were unable to obtainthe provenance. With this approach and anticipatedinformation we hope to discover a descendancy thatmight permit us to find a living descendant of theAuchinames line, though our efforts in this regard haveso far been frustrated.

Uses and Misuses of GenealogyOne phenomenon that has, maybe inevitably,

grown out of the pressures to identify genealogies, isthe creation of fictional lineages. Thisis an especially acute problem whennarcissistic gratification is sought inthe ties to mythical ancestral figuresand noble houses. Several of ourown trace their descent from the earlyCrawford nobles, without firm docu-mentary evidence. To avoid the pro-liferation of this practice, we are es-tablishing clear criteria for the docu-mentation of presented lineages, aswe establish a Crawford lineagearchive.

An extreme example of the cre-ation of fictional lineages — whichwe found humorous when we dis-covered it — is the tracing on-lineby Ancestry.com of lineages actuallyback to Biblical times! Out of curiosity, we followedback the ascendants of a Virginia family that had shownsome possibility of being related to the earliest identi-fied ancestor of one of us. (In this case, also, DNAtesting with a documented member of the line, hasconfirmed that we belong to different lineages, thusare not related at least in the male line.) We followedthe Virginia ancestry back through all the Crawfordancestors, including a supposed progenitor of the noblehouse of Crawford, identified as a son of an earl ofRichmond (a lineage, likely fictitious, put forth in the18th Century [Anderson, 1863; Pomeroy, 19121 ]),

through various European kings and nobles.1 Pomeroy based his conclusions (in view of

below, appears to have been plagiarized) on similari-ties between “the Arms of Stephen, 3rd Earl of Rich-mond (gules a bend ermine) and the Coat of theCraufurds” from an “illuminated manuscript at the Brit-ish Museum, in the Cotton Collection”, and “other cor-roborative circumstances” [which he does not de-scribe]. Neither does he cite his source. I subsequentlyhave found that William Anderson in his A ScottishNation (1863) puts forth this same thesis, only attrib-uting origins to the 4th earl of Richmond. Andersonreferences Burke’s History of the Commoners, Vol

II, as the source of his opinion. Theconclusions were also based on armo-rial similarities. 10 -right back to Priamof Troy! My curiosity peaked evenmore when a couple of generationsfurther back, we came across a kingof Dardania (Dardanus) who was citedas having been born and died in Egypt(c1400 BC)! Going further, the lineevolves through the various biblicalpatriarchs, until it reaches — you mayhave guessed it —Adam. Interestingly,the lineage continues beyond Adamthrough several alternate Adams ofcomposite names, and at that point thepathway returns to Adam. Now, whenone understands that Ancestry.com isa source of genealogical information formany Americans, this is of concern.

When theology influences genealogy, it pretty inevita-bly leads to false lineages. The connection to biblicalfigures would probably only be enticing for believers,but the middle levels of lineages, back through themiddle ages to the early Christian centuries might readilydraw in the inexperienced.

It is important to recognize that many societieshistorically have sanctioned the construction of falselineages. They served a social function. In some waysit is an extension of the common practice of using mar-riages for the purpose of fomenting political alliances.





Examples are the nomadic Beduin and the Australianaborigines who used false lineages to foment alliances.For the Beduin it was equivalent to adopting a lineagegroup into the tribe. For the Australian aborigines isprovided an alliance that permitted groups to avoidphysical conflict by defining each other as kin. In thissense, it was a search for a commonality that allowedfor peaceful social intercourse in circumstances thatwould otherwise have dictated confrontation.

It must be recognized that the social forces thatfoster fictional lineages can be powerful. Thus cautionis urged. Here we would like to differ-entiate between Ancestry.com, whichis a private business, from FamilySearch (www.FamilyServices.com),the genealogical service of The Churchof Jesus Christ of the Latter-day Saints,who maintain high standards of profes-sionalism, thus avoid making claims ofthis nature, even though their theologywould affirms the above formulation.Access to the Mormon library and da-tabase is free. They provide universalaccess as a public service since it isfunded by charitable donations. Sev-eral research locations around the coun-try provide for easy access to their re-sources, including having books sentfrom the Salt Lake City facility for consultation in thelocal research centers.

Most genealogical databases do include error-ridden homespun research. Even the US census haserrors and holes that must be navigated with caution.The Mormon Genealogical Library provides an abun-dance of primary source documents from Americanand Europe, such as government and local churchrecords. The strength of it lies in the mass of data theyhave compiled. Much, if not most of the basic datafound in their archives can be accepted as accurate.They provide the major database for genealogical in-vestigations in the US, and probably Canada. The datafrom the US Census, from immigration and othersources is monumental. However, the family trees arelargely undocumented, and are submitted by individu-

als with no check on reliability.Ancestry.com, a corporation, is an independent

enterprise. However, the management is 11 Mormonin it’s beliefs and the superimposed universal genea-logical blueprint clearly reflects this. Thus though pro-viding an extensive database, considerable good judg-ment must be used in utilizing their services. They claimthey are entering some one million bits of informationdaily. This is impressive. Thus, if one uses commonsense, what they provide on-line can greatly facilitategenealogical research, especially initial efforts. They

now tie into European archives andrecords which is of tremendous assis-tance in tracing genealogical lines backto the British Isles and the Continent.

The Mormon (officially known asThe Church of the Latter-day Saints)genealogical records are the largestcollection of documents related to ge-nealogy in the U. S. The Library of theDaughters of the American Revolution,in Washington DC, is also a basicsource of genealogical data. Theirarchive is extensive, considered thethird largest in the US. The second larg-est is the National Archives. Many stateand county archives also hold sizablerecords, especially land and vital reg-

istries. So there are currently many excellent sources.Less easy to access, but providing much inter-

esting information and a glimpse into the life of thetimes, are church records, including minutes of meet-ings. We were quite amused by admonishment of ourown ancestors in minutes from meetings (1804, 1805& 1807) of the membership of the Clear Fork BaptistChurch in Kentucky, one for drunken behavior andthe other for not attending church.

The Past in the FutureWe’d like to end with a further anecdote, which

provides a pertinent statement on the meaning of ge-nealogy. Recently watching the Spielberg movie“Amistad,” we were impressed by a brief conversa-




tion between the protagonist “Cinque,” a captive ofthe African slave trade, and the former US PresidentJohn Quincy Adams. The Amistad trials of 1839-40were instrumental in energizing what was then a fledg-ling abolitionist movement. This amazing story of re-volt and self-affirmation has a place in the history offights for freedom. We would place it alongside a quotewe Crawfords are more acquainted with, that of ourancestor Sir Reginald Crawford who is said to haveinspired his then very young nephew William Wallacewith the statement: Dico tibi verum, libertas optimarerum: Nunquam Sanville subnexu vivito, fili. Freedom isbest, I tell you true, of allthings to be won: Then neverlive within the bond of sla-very, my son.

Wallace, being under theinfluence of his uncle ReginaldCrawford, Sheriff of Ayrshire,for many years after the deathof his father is said to have fre-quently repeated this phrase asProtector of Scotland andleader in the fight for freedom(Fergusson, 1995: 8-9). Thisstatement captures the soul ofthe Scottish cause of freedom,a legacy previously addressedin this paper, which was veryinfluential in the development ofthe American concept of liberty, and the principles of12 democracy. This statement actually was probablythe creation of Blind Harry, the popular Scottish min-strel who first provided an integrated though novel-ized version of the life of Wallace (c. 1490). What isundisputed, is that Wallace’s mother was a Crawford,as was the progenitris of the line of the Earls ofCrawford. Returning to the conversation between JohnQuincy Adams and Cinque. It was held a few eve-nings before the Supreme Court hearing of the Amistadcase. They were preparing for their appearance be-fore the US Supreme Court. In some ways, it is adialogue of the deaf, since each is on a very different

wavelength, with contrasting conceptualizations of whatinspires them in the defense of their common cause.

John Quincy Adams affirms: “The task ahead ofus is an exceptionally difficult one....”

Cinque responds: “We won’t be going in therealone.”

John Quincy Adams interjects: “... Yes, we have‘right’ at our side. We have righteousness on our side.”

Cinque then continues: “I meant my ancestors. Iwill call into the past — far back to the beginning of

time, and beg them to come and help meat the judgment [referring to the upcom-ing Supreme Court trial]. I will reach backand draw them into me. And they mustcome for at this moment I am the wholereason they have existed at all.”

A rather unique perspective! This islikewise a fictitious dialogue created by ascreen writer — but through this scene weencounter a meeting of the Scottish idealof freedom with the African ideal of per-sonal identity as evolving from the ances-tors.

This articulate statement captures theessence of the energy that knowing ourpast can infuse into us. It consolidates animage of ourselves as someone with a heri-tage that goes back to the dawn of his-tory, and beyond, into prehistory. DNAprovides the physical evidence of the route

of our evolution. This is, I think, the magic and themeaning of searching for ones ancestry. This motiva-tion is particularly meaningful when our very beingsare challenged, when our identity is diffused by toomuch mobility and by ruptures in the continuity of familylife.

Myth vs. FactIt is important, however, to differentiate myth

from fact. Myths inspire, thus the ancient Crawfordmotto is a source of pride. Tutum Te Robore Reddam:In my/our strength you will find safety. This is a pro-tective motto, equally relevant today as in the past

Continued on page 27 Continued on page 28



when it was first used by our an-cestor Gregan Crawford. SirGregan (in 1127) is reported tohave intervened to save King DavidI from being gored by a stag. Thisact led the grateful ruler to foundthe Abbey of Holyrood, a wellknown event in Scottish history. SirGregan and the Crawfords in per-petuity 13 were granted a crest

with a stag head in the center and the above motto. Eventoday the crest is that of the Crawford Clan, and by rightcan be used by all those bearing that surname.

However, what contributes to the development ofidentity is a knowledge of the facts, both the positiveand the negative. Thus accuracy is important in genea-logical research. Whether one is descended of noblesor peasants, tracing ones ancestry and the route of onesfamily’s migration gives one a perspective on life andcommunity that is very meaningful to the sense of self.

References: Clemens, William M. (1914) Crawford Family Records:An Account of the First American Settlers and Colonial Families andother Genealogical and Historical Data, Mostly New and Original mate-rial Including Early Wills and Marriages Heretofore Unpublished. Lim-ited Edition. NY: William M. Clemens Publisher, 29 pages. Cowan, Ed-ward J., editor (2007) The Wallace Book. Edinburgh: John Donald. Crawford,Ph. D., Kevan (2001) Sons of Freedom. Crawford Family Members (1988)The Edward Crawford Family (1788-1988). Fergusson, James (1995)William Wallace, Guardian of Scotland. Lakeport, CA: Pretani. Gaskins,Pastor Morris M. (1972) A lighthouse in the Wilderness: History of theClear Fork Baptist Church (With Facsimile Pages from the Church Min-utes from 1802-1902). Albany, KY. Gibson, Mel (1995) Braveheart. 20thCentury Fox. Screenwriter: Robert Wallace. The Greening (1767 [1995facsimile copy]) The Peerage of Scotland. Baltimore, MD: HeritageBooks.

Griffin, Patrick (2001) The People with No Name: Ireland’sUlster Scots, America’s Scots Irish, and the Creation of a British Atlan-tic World, 1689-1764. Princeton U. Press. Hamilton, William, ofGilbertfield (1998) Blind Harry’s Wallace (written c.1490). Edinburgh:Luath Press Limited. Herman, Arthur (2001) How the Scots Inventedthe Modern World. New York: Three Rivers Press. Jacobus, DonaldLines (1968, o. 1930) Genealogy As Pastime and Profession. Balti-more, MD: 14 Genealogical Publishing.

Mielke, James H., & Crawford, Michael H., Editors (1980)Current Developments in Anthropological Genetics. Vol. I. Theoryand Methods. NY & London: Plenum Press. Pomeroy, Edmund T.(1912) Stemmata Craufurdeania of The Annals of the Nobel Familyof Crawford. London. Scott, Sir Walter (1818) Rob Roy. Shawker,Thomas H. (2004) Unlocking Your Genetic History. Nashville, TN:Rutledge Hill Press. Spielberg, Stephan (1997) Amistad. Los Angeles:Dream Works. Thatcher, Mabel, & Washburn, Rosemary (1925)Crawford Ancestry, The Journal of American History, XII: 332-343.Webb, James (2004) Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish ShapedAmerica. New York: Broadway Books. 15


historymedren.about.com/library

/weekly/aa061898

The wonderful medieval clip art used in JoanneCrawford’s article preceding pages...was from a

very useful and original web site

Thank you!

Canadian CrawfordVet home safely Garry Crawford - [email protected]

I am a retired Ontario Provincial Police Officer.Our youngest son Shawn is a vet having some 26 yearsin the Canadian Military. He returned from his secondtour in Afghanistan where he served on the front lines withthe Strathcona Horse Guards and was with the tank corp.They were visited by the Primeminister while at the front.

Shawn Crawford (4th from left) with Canadian Prime MinisterStephen Harper in Afghanistan

Primeminister Stephen Harper has the blue shirton and our son Warrant Officer Shawn Allan Crawfordis the second soldier to his right. This is the group hewas in charge of when he was at the front in Afghani-stan. He returned last September. He was initiallyposted to Edmonton, Alberta but was posted toKingston, Ontario in February. He bought a new homeand is moving his family there as I write.

Needless to say we are very happy that they aremoving back to Ontario. Shawn has been assigned ateaching position, and I expect he will remain thereuntil his retirement within the next couple of years.

As you can see the Crawfords still have their shareof Warriors.


Religions: The when, where & how?When were and how did the present day major

religions form?• Judaism was in the Middle East in approxi-

mately 2300 B.C. and was founded by Abraham.• The Islamic religion was founded by

Mohammed around 600 C.E. in Saudi Arabia.• The Hindu religion was founded in 1500 B.C.

in India.• The Buddhist’s were also founded in India in

500 B.C. by Prince Siddhartha Gautama and it was asplit from Hinduism.

• The Roman Catholic religion was formed byJesus Christ in the Middle East at about 33 C.E.

• The Eastern Orthodox Church was formedabout 1000 C.E. and was a split from the RomanCatholic Church.

• The Lutheran Church was founded by MartinLuther in 1517 in Germany.

• The Church of England was formed in En-gland in 1534 by King Henry VIII.

• The Congregationalist church was also formedin England in the 1660s C.E. Congregationalism is a

split from Purtitanism.• The Methodist religion was founded by John

and Charles Wesley in 1744 C.E. also in England.• The Salvation Army was founded by William

Booth in London, England in 1865 C.E.• The Presbyterian religion was found in Scot-

land by John Knox who was spreading the teaching ofJohn Calvin in 1560.

• John Smyth form Amsterdam, Hollandfounded the Baptist religion in 1607.

• The Episcopalian religion was founded in En-gland and the Colonies in 1798 by Samuel Seabury.

• Joseph Smith founded the Latter Day Saints,also known as Mormons, in Palmyra, New York in 1830.

• The Christian Scientist Church was foundedin the United States in 1879 by Mary Baker Eddy.

• Charles Taze Russell founded the Jehovah’sWitness in Pennsylvania in the 1870s.

• And the in the United States the Pentecostalreligion began in 1901.

Thank you to Rabbit Tracks, Conejo Valley Genealogi-cal Society, PO Box 1228, Thousand Oaks, CA 91358-0228.

A few Scottish trades/occupationsHere are a few old names for Scottish trades/occupations:√ collier - coal miner, coal merchant, or one who works on coal barges√ couper - one who buys and sells; could also be cooper or cuper - a barrel maker√ cutler - knife seller or sharpener√ fermourer - farmer√ litster - dyer√ maltman - brewer√ scheirsmyth - shearsmith: maker of shears or scissors√ wobster - weaverAlso, I have sometimes see whitesmith (tinsmith) written as whiteironsmith or whyteironsmithThanks to Loretta Layman, 20 Persimmon Trail, Carroll Valley, PA.

Did you know?True or false? The New York Yankees baseball team were originally known as the Highlanders.Answer: True. Hilltop Park, their first stadium, was built on one of Manhattan’s highest points.Thanks to The Palmetto and Thistle, PO Box 3325, Melbourne, FL 32902-3325.


Clan Colquhoun Society Of NAClan Colquhoun Society Of NAClan Colquhoun Society Of NAClan Colquhoun Society Of NAClan Colquhoun Society Of NA

Membership is invited for all spellings of

Colquhoun/Calhoun, Cowan, MacClintock,MacManus. Applications available online at http://www.geocities.com/clancolquhoun_na/home.html

2984 Mike Drive

Marietta, GA 30064

[email protected]

Eleven days that disappearedIn 1752, everyone in the British Empire (includ-

ing the colonies that would soon become the UnitedStates) went to bed on September 2nd and woke upon September 14th. September 2, 1752 was the daythe British government set to change the calendar thathad been wrong since the time of Julius Caesar.

In 46 B.C., Caesar’s chief astronomer deter-mined that there were exactly 365 1/4 days each year.Caesar then devised a calendar of 12 months totaling365 days and, to take care of the 1/4 day, he inventedthe leap year which added an extra day every fouryears. The problem was that the earth does not takeexactly 365.25 days to orbit the sun but rather

365.2422 days. After several centuries, the calendarwas seriously out of whack. Pope Gregory XIII de-vised a correction in 1582 that solved the problem formost Catholic countries, but the British refused to adoptthe Gregorian calendar for another 170 years by whichtime the deviation amounted to 11 days.

Those 11 days vanished when the British Calen-dar Act decreed that September 2, 1752 would befollowed by September 14, 1752. It appears therewas rioting in the streets by those who felt they hadbeen cheated of 11 days. But the earth continued or-biting around the sun just the same.

Happy New Year!

DUNCAN MUNROE, born in Scotland, May1786, died in Talladega County, Alabama April1855. I’m searching for DUNCAN MUNROE’Sparents and/or siblings. Contact DeAnn Mon-roe Steely, 1405 Southwood Drive, Hunts-ville, TX 77340. [email protected].

Seek birthplace of MALCOM MORRISON b. 1772Scotland, d. 1852 Alabama. Was he born on theIsle of Skye? Was his father NORMANMORRISON? Ms. Claire Dixon, 120 OakridgeDr., Warner Robins, GA 31093-2143.

MALCOM MORRISON b. 1772 Scotland, d.1852 Alabama, married ELIZABETH WILL-IAMS. Was he the MALCOM MORRISON inRichmond Co., North Carolina, 1812, as emi-grated to America in 1802 (Scots in Carolinas,

Your query can be here at no charge!FREE queries. Just send them to

[email protected]

David Dobson 1986)?? Dobson States he wasnaturalized 20 September 1813 Richmond Co.North Caro-lina. Where isrecord of natu-ralization? Ms.Claire Dixon,120 OakridgeDr., WarnerRobins, GA31093-2143.

Documents

BNFT January 2009 Section A - electricscotland.comHandbook to Scotland and the Shekinah Rosslyn angel pin and pendant! Front page, section B of this issue! ... curly hair . I will