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Blast Management Plan
Teven Quarry
Prepared for Holcim (Australia) Pty Limited | 5 May 2016
Blast Management Plan
Teven Quarry
Prepared for Holcim (Australia) Pty Limited | 5 May 2016
Ground Floor, Suite 01, 20 Chandos Street St Leonards, NSW, 2065
T +61 2 9493 9500 F +61 2 9493 9599
www.emmconsulting.com.au
Blast Management Plan
Final
Report J15113RP1 | Prepared for Holcim (Australia) Pty Limited | 5 May 2016
Prepared by Sean Cassidy Approved by Philip Towler
Position Hydrogeologist Position Director
Signature
Signature
Date 5 May 2016 Date 5 May 2016
This report has been prepared in accordance with the brief provided by the client and has relied upon the information collected at the time and under the conditions specified in the report. All findings, conclusions or recommendations contained in the report are based on the aforementioned circumstances. The report is for the use of the client and no responsibility will be taken for its use by other parties. The client may, at its discretion, use the report to inform regulators and the public.
© Reproduction of this report for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from EMM provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this report for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without EMM’s prior written permission.
Document Control
Version Date Prepared by Reviewed by
1 16 October 2015 Sean Cassidy Katie Teyhan
2 9 December 2015 Sean Cassidy Philip Towler
3 15 January 2016 Sean Cassidy Philip Towler
4 5 May 2016 Susan Macolino Philip Towler
T +61 (0)2 9493 9500 | F +61 (0)2 9493 9599
Ground Floor | Suite 01 | 20 Chandos Street | St Leonards | New South Wales | 2065 | Australia
www.emmconsulting.com.au
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Table of contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1 1.2 Project description 1 1.3 Purpose and scope 2 1.4 Objectives 2
Chapter 2 Regulatory requirements 5
2.1 Development Consent 5 2.2 Relevant commitments 6
Chapter 3 Baseline predictions 7
Chapter 4 Blasting limits 9
Chapter 5 Blast management controls 11
5.1 Hours of operation 11 5.2 General operational controls 11
Chapter 6 Blast monitoring protocol 13
6.1 Blast monitoring program 13 6.2 Blast fume monitoring 13 6.3 Meteorological monitoring 14 6.4 Standards relevant to blast monitoring 14
Chapter 7 Reporting and review 17
7.1 Regular reporting 17 7.2 Incident reporting 17 7.3 Adaptive management 18 7.4 Roles and responsibilities 18 7.5 Review 18 7.6 Independent review 19
Glossary of terms 21
References 23
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Tables
1.1 Teven Quarry Development Consent (SSD 6422) 1
2.1 Development Consent conditions 5
2.2 Statement of Commitments (Blasting) 6
3.1 Predicted blasting emissions at residential receivers 7
4.1 Blasting emissions criteria 9
5.1 Hours of operation 11
6.1 Monitoring locations 13
7.1 Roles and responsibilities 18
Figures
1.1 Locality map 3
1.2 Proposed operations 4
6.1 Blast monitoring locations 15
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1 Introduction
1.1 Background
Holcim (Australia) Pty Ltd (Holcim Australia) own and operate an existing hard rock quarry located at Stokers Lane, Teven, New South Wales (NSW) in the Ballina Local Government Area (LGA). The site is approximately eight kilometres (km) north-west of Ballina town centre (Figure 1.1).
In 2014, Holcim Australia sought a Development Consent under Part 4 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act) for an extension of the approved quarry life for an additional 30 years to 2045. The Teven Quarry Development Consent (SSD 6422) (Development Consent) was granted on 15 July 2015 by the NSW Minister for Planning and Infrastructure.
The Development Consent allows for continued operations of the existing Teven Quarry at an increased production volume, within the approved extraction area (Figure 1.2).
Under the Development Consent, Holcim Australia is required by the NSW Department of Planning and Environment (DPE) to prepare a Blast Management Plan (BMP) in consultation with the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) and to the satisfaction of the Director General.
1.2 Project description
The Teven Quarry Development Consent (SSD 6422) provides for the following listed in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1 Teven Quarry Development Consent (SSD 6422)
Project component Currently approved (2015-2045)
Quarry life 30 years from date of approval (15 July 2015), ie to 15 July 2045
Limits of production 500,000 tonnes per annum (tpa)
Quarry footprint Shown on Figure 1.2
Overburden management Shown on Figure 1.2
Hours of operation Blasting:
10:00 am–3:00 pm Monday–Friday, at no time on Sundays or public holidays
All other activities:
7:00 am–4:00 pm Monday–Friday
7:00 am–4:00 pm Saturday
At no time on Sundays or public holidays
Extended hours for product loading and dispatch:
7:00 am–10:00 pm Monday–Friday
7:00 am–4:00 pm Saturday
At no time on Sundays or public holidays
Transport Road transport at approved production level
Employment 11 full time equivalent positions
Infrastructure Fixed primary, secondary and tertiary plants with the addition of a mobile crushing and screening plant, and a mobile pug mill
Site access Off Stokers Lane
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Table 1.1 Teven Quarry Development Consent (SSD 6422)
Project component Currently approved (2015-2045)
Concrete recycling for re-use
Recycling of up to 10,000 tpa of clean surplus concrete material on site using existing and proposed processing infrastructure for re-use as product
Notes: 1.tpa=tonnes per annum
1.3 Purpose and scope
The purpose of this BMP is to provide a description of the measures to be implemented by Holcim Australia to manage blasting operations at Teven Quarry and to detail the blast monitoring requirements associated with the operation. This BMP also provides a mechanism for assessing blast monitoring results against the relevant blast impact assessment criteria.
The BMP is stipulated as a key requirement under the Development Consent and is designed to be prepared to the satisfaction of the DPE.
The relevant Development Consent conditions and Statement of Commitments are provided in Sections 2.1 and 2.2 respectively. This plan also outlines the control measures to be implemented as part of the continued operations at Teven Quarry to minimise the potential impacts on sensitive receivers.
1.4 Objectives
The objectives of this BMP include the following:
establish a blast monitoring system to assess the impact of blast emissions (noise and vibration) on surrounding sensitive receivers with the management of blasting to consider ‘best practice’ principles;
provide a mechanism to assess monitoring results against relevant Development Consent criteria to evaluate compliance;
detail the requirement for reporting blast criteria exceedances to the relevant stakeholders;
detail the controls to be implemented to minimise blasting impacts from the site, including potential impacts from blast fume generation;
manage blast-related community complaints in a timely and effective manner; and
detail the independent review process to be followed if Teven Quarry receives a written request by a landowner(s) for an independent review of noise impacts.
STOKERS LANE
TEVEN ROAD
SiteLocation
Branch Creek
Chilcotts Creek
Mosquito Creek
Hough lahan sC reek
Richmond River
Maguires Creek
PACI F
ICHIG
HWAY
SOUTH BAL LINABEACH ROAD
WARD
ELLR
OAD
TINTEN BAR
ROAD
RIFLE RANGE ROAD
RIVER STREET
ROSS LANE
HERMANS
LANE
PERR
YSLA
NE
BRUXNER HIGHWAY
ELLIS
ROAD
ROUS ROAD
PIMLICO RIVERBANK ROAD
PIMLIC
ORO
AD
TEVE
NRO
AD
URALBA RO AD
RIVER
DRIVE
TAMARIND DRIVE
FERNLEIG HROAD FRI
DAYH
UTRO
ADELTHAM ROAD
BALLI
NABY
PASS
MEERSCHAUM
PIMLICOISLAND
PIMLICO
BEWERSHILL
TEVENJUNCTION
MIROMA
TEVEN
TUCKOMBIL
LYNWOOD
PERRYSHILL
PEARCESCREEK
ALSTONVALE
URALBA
KNOCKROW
TINTENBAR
CUMBALUM
WESTBALLINA
KEITHHALL
EMPIREVALE
ALSTONVILLE
BALLINA
BallinaNature
Reserve
RichmondRiver NatureReserve
UralbaNature
Reserve
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KEYMain roadLocal roadWatercourseNPWS reserveWaterbodyTeven Quarry extent
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SiteLocation
BYRONBAY
BALLINA
NSWNSW
Locality map
Figure 1.1
Teven QuarryBlast Management Plan
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Holcimowned
property
Privateresidence
Stockpilearea
Fuel storage/RefuellingfacilityWorkshop
Office
Stockpilearea
WeighbridgeSiteaccess
Primarycrusher/screener
Secondarycrusher/screener
Primaryfeed bin Laboratory
Stockpilearea
Light vehicle parking
Visitorparking
Trainingroom
Overburdenemplacement
area
Approvedextractionarea
Main dam
Lot 2 DP732288
Lot 1 DP732288
Lot 3 DP732288
STOKE
RS LA
NE
WELLERS
ROAD
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GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56 Source: EMM (2015); Holcim (2015); LPI (2015)
KEYTeven Quarry DA boundaryApproved extraction extentMain damOverburden emplacement areaStockpile areaCadastral boundaryRoad
Approved operations
Figure 1.2
Teven QuarryBlast Management Plan
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2 Regulatory requirements
2.1 Development Consent
The Development Consent for the Teven Quarry Project was assessed as State Significant Development under the EP&A Act. Approval for the Project was granted by the Minister for Planning on 15 July 2015. The requirement for this BMP arises from Condition 9 and 10 of Schedule 3 of the Teven Quarry Development Consent. The requirements from the Development Consent relating to blasting, and where these requirements are addressed within this document, are provided in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 Development Consent conditions
Development Consent conditions Section addressed
Blasting Criteria
7. The Applicant shall ensure that blasting on site does not cause any exceedance of the criteria in Table 3 (see Table 4.1).
However, these criteria do not apply if the Applicant has written agreement with the relevant owner to exceed the limits in Table 3, and the Applicant has advised the Department in writing of the terms of this agreement.
Section 4 and Section 5
Blasting Frequency
8. The Applicant may carry out a maximum of 2 blasts per calendar month, unless an additional blast is required following a blast misfire. This condition does not apply to blasts required to ensure the safety of the quarry or workers on site.
Note: For the purposes of this condition a blast refers to a single blast event, which may involve a number of individual blasts fired in quick succession in a discrete area of the quarry.
Operating Conditions
9. During blasting operation, the Applicant shall:
a) implement best practice management to:
protect the safety of people and livestock in the areas surrounding blasting operations;
Section 5
protect public or private infrastructure/property in the surrounding area from damage from blasting operations; and
minimise the dust and fume emissions of blasting.
b) operate a suitable system to enable the local community to get up-to-date information on the proposed blasting schedule on site; and
c) carry out regular monitoring to determine whether the development is complying with the relevant conditions of this consent.
Section 6
Blast Management Plan
10. The Applicant shall prepare and implement a Blast Management Plan for the development to the satisfaction of the Secretary. This Plan must:
a) be submitted to the Secretary for approval within 6 months of the date of this consent, unless otherwise agreed by the Secretary;
Section 5
b) describe the measures that would be implemented to ensure compliance with the blast criteria and operating conditions of this consent;
c) include a monitoring program for evaluating and reporting on compliance with the blasting criteria;
Section 6
d) include community notification procedures for the blasting schedule; and Section 7.1
e) include a protocol for investigating and responding to complaints Section 7.2
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2.2 Relevant commitments
The blast-related Statement of Commitments relevant to the BMP and where they are addressed in this document, is detailed in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 Statement of Commitments (Blasting)
Commitment Section addressed
18) Blast monitoring will continue to be undertaken for each blasting event.
Chapter 5 and Chapter 7
19) A summary of the noise monitoring and blast monitoring results will be reported in the Annual Review for the operation.
21) In addition to the existing dust controls, Holcim (Australia) will implement the following controls as part of the Project:
designing of blasts to minimise dust, including adequate stemming;
consideration of current weather conditions prior to blasting. This includes visual observations of wind speed and wind direction to determine whether any dust emissions from the blast will be carried in the direction of the nearest sensitive receiver;
implementation of blast fume management procedures.
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3 Baseline predictions
The impacts of blasting associated with the Project have been predicted at the nearest sensitive receiver (Receiver 2) to the Project (see Figure 6.1). Ground vibration levels have been predicted using the site law developed using the methodology outlined in the Blasting Guide (Orica 2012) and Australian Standard 2187.2 (ANZECC 2006). The results of the calculated predictions are provided in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 Predicted blasting emissions at residential receivers
Receiver location Distance (m)1
MIC (kg) 2 Predicted blasting level Blasting emissions criteria
SPL3 (dBL)4 PVS5 (mm/s)6 SPL (dBL)4 PVS (mm/s)6
R002 – Lot 2 DP617131, 168 Wellers Road, Teven
350 35 116 1.7 115 5
R002 – Lot 2 DP617131, 168 Wellers Road, Teven
190 5 116 0.9 115 5
Notes: 1. m=metres 2. kg=kilograms 3. SPL=Sound Pressure Level 4. dBL=decibels 5. PVS=Peak Vector Sum 6. mm/s=millimetres per second
These predictions reflect the worst case airblast and vibration levels potentially experienced at the nearest residential receiver as a result of the Project and are based on both the historical maximum MIC values and the limiting MIC values.
The results indicate that the predicted ground vibration levels from the maximum 35 kilogram (kg) Maximum Instantaneous Charge (MIC) would exceed the blasting emissions criteria by 1 dB at the nearest residential receiver (Receiver 2). For the worst case potential blasting distance scenario of 190 m, the limiting MIC is 5 kilograms. This is due to potential airblast overpressure.
As stated in Section 5, during detailed design, the permissible MIC for each blast will be calculated based on the specific location in which the blasting will occur and on the blasting site law.
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4 Blasting limits
The Teven Quarry blasting criteria has been developed in consideration of the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) guidelines which are based on the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) Technical Basis for Guidelines to Minimise Annoyance due to Blasting Overpressure and Ground Vibration (ANZECC 1990), and are also the criteria outlined in Table 3 of the Teven Quarry Development Consent.
The relevant limits for non-quarry owned residences in relation to both vibration and airblast are included in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Blasting emissions criteria
Receiver Airblast overpressure (dB(Lin Peak))1
Ground vibration (mm/s)2
Allowable exceedance
Any residence on privately-owned land
120 10 0%
115 5 5% of the total number of blasts over a period of 12 months
Notes: 1. dB(Lin Peak)=Peak un-weighted decibel 2. mm/s=millimetres per second
In accordance with the Development Consent, these criteria do not apply if Holcim Australia has a written agreement with the relevant owner and Holcim Australia has advised the department in writing of the terms of the agreement. Holcim Australia has no existing agreements with stakeholders in the region of the Teven Quarry.
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5 Blast management controls
Holcim Australia is committed to implementing reasonable and feasible best practice blasting measures at Teven Quarry. The relevant blast controls for the operation are detailed in the sections below and will be reviewed to confirm their applicability on an ongoing basis through the process outlined in Section 7.
5.1 Hours of operation
Impacts to noise amenity for sensitive receivers in the vicinity of Teven Quarry have been manage through operational controls, including the restriction of operating hours. The hours of operation for Teven Quarry are detailed in Table 1 of the Teven Quarry Development Consent and are replicated in Table 5.1 below.
Table 5.1 Hours of operation
Activity Permissible hours Days of the week
Extraction operations, Processing operations, Overburden management
7:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday-Friday
7:00 am to 4:00 pm Saturdays
None Sundays or public holidays
Blasting 10:00 am to 3:00 pm Monday-Friday
None Saturdays
None Sundays or public holidays
Loading and dispatch, Stockpile management, Maintenance of plant and equipment
7:00 am to 10:00 pm Monday-Friday
7:00 am to 4:00 pm Saturdays
None Sundays or public holidays
Teven Quarry is committed to operating in accordance with the hours of operation defined in Table 5.1
5.2 General operational controls
Holcim Australia will implement the following blast management practices over the life of the Teven Quarry Project:
Blasting at the Teven Quarry will only occur on Monday to Friday between 10:00 am and 3:00 pm. No blasting will be undertaken on weekends, public holidays or at any other time.
A maximum of two blasts per month will be undertaken unless an additional blast is required following a miss-fire, in accordance with Condition 8 of Schedule 3 of the Development Consent.
Detailed design will be undertaken for each blast in order to maximise the blast efficiency, minimise dust, fumes, ground vibration and air blast, the potential for fly rock and to ensure compliance with site specific blasting conditions.
An exclusion zone will be established for each blast to protect the safety of people, and livestock.
Holcim Australia will monitor blasts as quarrying progresses (refer to Section 6), so that blast prediction site laws can be further refined and future blast designs can be optimised based on more detailed site information.
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6 Blast monitoring protocol
Teven Quarry will monitor blasts as quarrying progresses to the south so that prediction site laws can be further refined and future blast designs can be optimised based on more detailed site information.
The blast monitoring program to be implemented is detailed in Section 6.1.
6.1 Blast monitoring program
To ensure compliance with the Teven Quarry Development Consent, monitoring of blasts will be undertaken. Blast monitoring locations have been selected based upon their spatial appropriateness in terms of capturing representative airblast and vibration signals nearby to residential receivers. Table 6.1 details each blast monitoring location and the rationale behind the selection of each site. Figure 6.1 shows the location of each blast monitoring location, residential receivers and the automatic weather station.
Table 6.1 Monitoring locations
Site name Easting Northing Rationale for site selection
BM1 547691 6808998 Located close to residential receivers 2 and 12 and down gradient to the south
BM2 547670 6810031 Will be used when blasts occur in the northern area of the project extent as a proxy location for residential receiver 10
Monitoring will be undertaken within 30 m of a private residence, where possible. During each monitoring event, the following should be recorded to ensure general compliance with the Development Consent and to allow:
coordinates of the blast and each monitoring location;
measured vibration and overpressure at each monitoring location;
maximum instantaneous charge;
number of holes;
blast type; and
meteorological conditions.
6.2 Blast fume monitoring
Fume monitoring and post blasting assessments will be undertaken at Teven Quarry in accordance with Schedule 3, Condition 9(a) and Condition 21 of the Development Consent. Fume monitoring requirements include the following:
visual assessment and analysis of each blasting event to determine whether excessive fume was generated as a result of the blast. All blasts undertaken at Teven Quarry are video recorded to provide a record of the blast;
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in the event that any blast at Teven Quarry leads to the development of excessive fume an analysis of the blast will be undertaken to determine the cause of the blast fume development and whether the blast fume travelled off site; and
meteorological monitoring to determine the potential offsite impact of nitrogen oxide fumes.
6.3 Meteorological monitoring
Meteorological data will be obtained from an Automated Weather Station (AWS) installed on‐site. The AWS meets the requirements of Condition 15 of Schedule 3 of the Development Consent.
The location of the AWS has been shown on Figure 6.1. The location of the AWS has been shown on Figure 6.1 for reference.
6.4 Standards relevant to blast monitoring
Holcim Australia will undertake blast monitoring at Teven Quarry in accordance with the policies, principles, regulations and guidelines contained within the following key reference documents:
Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 (PoEO Act) administered by the OEH;
Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979;
Australian Standard: 2187.2 Explosives–Storage and Use–Use of Explosives 2006;
Prevention and Management of Blast Generated NOx Gases in Surface Blasting-Code of Good Practice (AEISG 2011); and
Technical Basis for Guidelines to Minimise Annoyance Due to Blasting Overpressure and Ground Vibration, ANZECC 1990.
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STOKERS LANE
Humbug Creek
Ch ilcottsCreek
Chilcotts Creek
Emigrant Creek
Maguires Creek
TEVEN ROAD
MIROMA
9
5
2
34
15
6
7
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10
12
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14
16
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18
19
20
21
22
232425
26
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282930
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35
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BM1
BM2
Blast monitoring locations
Figure 6.1
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KEY!! Blast monitoring location!! Proxy blast monitoring location!( Holcim owned property!( Residential receiver location/ Automatic Weather Station (AWS)
Main roadLocal roadWatercourseTeven Quarry extent
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Teven QuarryBlast Management Plan
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7 Reporting and review
7.1 Regular reporting
A summary of blast monitoring results will be provided in the Teven Quarry annual report. The following information will be reported in the annual report in accordance with Condition 4 of Schedule 5 of the Development Consent:
By the end of March each year, the Applicant shall review the environmental performance of the development to the satisfaction of the Secretary. This review must:
describe the development (including any rehabilitation) carried out in the past calendar year, and the development that is proposed to be carried out over the current calendar year;
include a comprehensive review of the monitoring results and complaints records of the development over the previous calendar year, which includes a comparison of these results against the:
o relevant statutory requirements, limits or performance measures/criteria;
o requirements of any plan or program required under this consent;
o the monitoring results of previous years; and
o the relevant predictions in the EIS.
identify any non-compliance over the last year, and describe what actions were (or are being) taken to ensure compliance;
identify any trends in the monitoring data over the life of the development;
identify any discrepancies between the predicted and actual impacts of the development, and analyse the potential cause of any significant discrepancies; and
prescribe what measures will be implemented over the current calendar year to improve the environmental performance of the development.
In addition, in accordance with the Protection of the Environment Legislation Amendment Act 2011 (Amendment Act) and Condition 11 of Schedule 5 of the Development Consent, Holcim Australia will also publish blast monitoring results on the Holcim Australia website (http://www.holcim.com.au).
Performance monitoring, which includes an assessment of the effectiveness of blast monitoring and compliance with the relevant Development Consent, may be discussed at Community Consultative Committee (CCC) meetings.
7.2 Incident reporting
Exceedances of blast criteria will be classified as environmental incidents and will be managed in accordance with the Teven Quarry EMS which includes a procedure for the management of environmental incidents and community complaints. In accordance with this procedure, all environmental incidents will be investigated to a level commensurate to their risk level by the Teven Quarry Manager in consultation with environmental personnel from Holcim Australia.
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Additional controls will be implemented where required, based on the outcomes of the investigation. Holcim Australia will notify the Secretary and any other relevant agencies of any incident within 7 days of the date of the incident. In addition, all reportable incidents will be reported annually in the annual report.
7.3 Adaptive management
In accordance with Condition 3 of Schedule 5 of the Development Consent, Holcim Australia will assess and manage blast related risks to ensure compliance with the noise criteria.
Where a non-compliance has occurred, Holcim Australia will, to the satisfaction of the DP&E:
take all reasonable and feasible measures to ensure the exceedance ceases and does not reoccur;
consider all reasonable and feasible options for remediation (where relevant) and submit a report to the DP&E describing those options and any preferred remediation measures of other course of action; and
implement remediation measures as directed by the Secretary to the satisfaction of the Secretary.
7.4 Roles and responsibilities
Relevant roles and responsibilities associated with this BMP are presented in Table 7.1 below.
Table 7.1 Roles and responsibilities
Role Accountabilities for this document
Holcim Australia District Manage - approve appropriate resources for the effective implementation of this plan.
Teven Quarry Manager - provide sufficient resources for the implementation of this plan;
- coordinate the implementation of blast management controls and strategies in accordance with this Plan;
- coordinate the blast monitoring requirements of this Plan, and evaluate and report monitoring results as required;
- coordinate blast related incident investigations and reporting as required by legislation and internal standards and guidelines; and
- coordinate the review of this plan in accordance with the requirements of the Development Consent.
Holcim Australia Environmental personnel
- assist in the coordination of blast related incident investigations and reporting as required by legislation and internal standards and guidelines; and
- assist with the review of this Plan.
7.5 Review
Ongoing monitoring and review on the performance and implementation of this BMP will be undertaken in accordance with the Teven Quarry EMS.
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In accordance with Condition 5 of Schedule 5, Holcim shall review, and if necessary revise, the strategies, plans, and programs required under the Development Consent to the satisfaction of the Secretary, within 3 months of the submission of an:
annual review under Condition 4;
incident report under Condition 7;
audit report under Condition 9; and
any modifications to this consent.
7.6 Independent review
In the event that a landowner considers that Teven Quarry is exceeding blast emission criteria at their property, the landowner may request an independent review of the impacts at the property. The independent review will be conducted in accordance with the procedure described in Condition 2 of Schedule 4 of the Development Consent.
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Glossary of terms
Airblast The airborne shock wave or acoustic transient generated by an explosion
Blast The action of breaking and displacing rock by means of explosives
Blast area The area of a blast within the influence of flying rock missiles, gases, and concussion
Blast monitor An instrument that measures seismic waves along three mutually perpendicular axes (x, y, z) to determine Peak Particle Velocity
Decibel (dB) A unit of sound measurement which quantifies pressure fluctuations associated with noise and overpressure
dB (Lin Peak) Decibel associated with the maximum excess pressure in the overpressure wave. Lin represents linear – indicating that no weighted or adjustment is made to the measurement
Flyrock Rocks or any other debris propelled from the blast area by the force of an explosion
Fumes The gaseous products of an explosion. For the purpose of fume classification, only poisonous or toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, and nitrogen oxides are considered
Ground vibration Motion of ground caused by the passage of seismic waves originating from a blast. The rate of the ground vibration movement is referred to as Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) and is measured in millimetres per second (mm/s)
Maximum Instantaneous Charge The maximum permissible charge weight allowed to ensure the radial propagation of vibration does not exceed assessment criteria at a receiver distant from the blast site
Mis-fire A blast that fails to detonate completely after an attempt at initiation, also the explosive material itself that failed to detonate as planned
Overpressure A pressure wave in the atmosphere which is caused by the detonation of explosives. Overpressure consists of both an audible (noise) and inaudible energy. The energy of the overpressure is measured in decibels (Lin Peak).
Sound Level Meter An instrument that measures sound pressure levels in decibels
Stemming Inert material used to maximise the effect of an explosion by filling the remainder of hole after they have been charged with explosives
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References
AEISG 2011. Prevention and Management of Blast Generated NOx Gases in Surface Blasting – Code of Practice
Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) 1990. Technical Basis for Guidelines to Minimise Annoyance due to Blasting Overpressure and Ground Vibration
EPA 2001. Approved methods for the sampling and analysis of air pollutants in NSW.
Standards Australia, AS 2923 1987. Guide for measurement of horizontal wind for air quality applications
Standards Australia, AS 2187.2 1993. Explosives – Storage, Transport and Use
Standards Australia, AS 2187.2 2006. Explosives – Storage and Use – Use of Explosives
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BRISBANE Level 4, Su�te 0�, 87 W�ckh m Terr �eSpr�n����l, Queensl nd, 4000T 07 3839 �800 F 07 3839 �866
