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BusinessCommunication
Achmad Supardi
Week 1
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Definitions ofCommunication
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American Management Association defines
Communication is any behaviour that results in an
exchange of meaning
Peter Little
Communication is the process by which information is
transmitted between individuals and/or organizations so that
an understanding response result
Newman and Summer Jr.
Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions oremotions by two or more persons.
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Keith Davis
The process of passing the information and understanding
from one person to another. It is essentially a bridge of
meaning between the people. By using the bridge a person
can safely across the river of misunderstanding
Louis A. Allen
Communication is the sum total of all the things that a
person does, when he wants to create an understanding in
the mind of another. It involves a systematic and continuous
process of telling, listening and understanding.
Therefore, the main purpose of communication is to inform,
or to bring around to a certain point of view or to elicit action.
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Bogardus defined communication as interaction in
terms of a stimulus or a gesture by one personwhich produces a response in the form of a verbal
or silent symbol by a second person(cited on
Syams, N.W. 2009: 14)
As long as there is other people, man can not not
communicating (Even the silence of someone or
the state of being silent-- is a form of
communication)
Ex: hang out at cafe
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Language
is the main form and medium of
Communication
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Yes, sentences can
develop
encouragesoothe
teach
amuse
inspire us.
Sentences can also
deceivedestroy
ruin... Anything!
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Language is our most powerful tool. It allows
us to plan, dream, remember, evaluate,reflect on ourselves and the world around us,
and define who we are and want to
be.
In short, our ability to use language gives us
the power to create reality. Because
language is so powerful, we need tounderstand it and use it in responsible,
ethical ways.
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Language andMeaning
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Language consists of symbols, which are
representations of people, events, and all that
goes on around us and in us.
All language is symbolic, yet not all symbols are linguistic.
Nonverbal communication includes symbols
that arent words, such as facial expressions,
posture, and tone of voice.
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Three characteristics of symbols: arbitrariness,ambiguity, and abstraction.
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Arbitrariness
Language is arbitrary, which means that verbal symbols are notintrinsically connected to what they represent.
For instance, the term chat room has no natural relationship to
virtual spaces for online interaction.
Certain words and terms seem right because as a society we agree
to use them in particular ways, but they have no inherent
correspondence to their referents.
Because meanings are arbitrary instead of necessary, they changeover time. The word appleused to refer exclusively to a fruit, and
mouseused to refer to rodents, whereas today the two words are
likely to be used to refer to computers as well.
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Ambiguity
Language is ambiguous, which means it doesnt have clear-
cut, precise meanings.
The term good friend, for one person means someone tohang out withwhile for the other person might means
someone to confide in.
The language is the same, but what it means varies in
relation to personal experiences, interests, identities, and
backgrounds.
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Problems arising from the ambiguity of language cancause misunderstandings between people.
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Ambiguous language is a common source of
misunderstandings in relationships.
For instance, Anya might ask her husband, Bryan, to be more
loving, but she and he have different understandings of whatmore lovingmeans. Consequently, Bryan may do more
housework to express his love, whereas Anya wanted them
to spend more time together.
To be clear, more-specific language is advisable.
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Abstraction
Finally, language is abstract, which means that words are not theconcrete or tangible phenomena to which they refer.
They stand for those phenomenaideas, people, events, objects,
feelings, and so forth, but they are not the things they represent.
According to Steven Pinker (2008), who sees language as a
window to human nature, the words we use say far more about us
than the world outside of us. Pinker believes that words reflect our
attitudes, values, and sense of relationship with others. In using
language, we engage in a process of abstraction in which we movefurther and further away from external or objective phenomena.
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Words vary in their degree of abstractness.
Learning subject is an abstract term that includes everything fromphilosophy to marketing to pencak silat to how to fix a car.
Communicationis a less abstract word.Applied communication is
even less abstract, and Business Communication is the leastabstract term because it refers to a specific learning subject.
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Integraftion Function
Informing Function
Evaluation Function
Directive Function
Influencing Function
Functions
(purposes) of
Communication
Instructive Function
Orientation Function
Image Projecting Function
Other functions
Including for new
employee
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THE COMMUNICATION SITUATION
The communication situation is said to exist when
There is a person (sender/transmitter) who wants to pass some
information;
There is another person (receiver) to whom the information is to be
passed on;
The receiver partly or wholly understands the message or information
passed on to him;
The receiver responds to the message or gives feedback.
These four components are essential for communication.
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ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS
The term business communication is used for all messages that we
send and receive for official purpose like running a business, managing an
organization, conducting the formal affairs of a voluntary organization
and so on.
Business communication is marked by formality as against personal
and social communication.
The success of any business to a large extent depends on efficient andeffective communication.
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Thank you