BISMILLAHIRRAHMANIRRAHIM

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THYROID DISEASESITI ANNISA DEVI TRUSDA

INTRODUCTION

• Once diabetes is excluded, thyroid disease constitute the main bulk of endocrine problems have to sort out during the clinical practice.

Presents with : • Excessive hormonal activity hyperthyroidism• Under production of the hormone

hypothyroidism• CC: swelling of the neck

Anatomy of Thyroid Gland

Anatomy of Thyroid Gland

Physical Examination

• Assess the patient’s level of consciousness, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration, temperature, height, body weight and BMI• Assess the Face and Eyes examination :

Lid retraction, Periorbital edema, Exophthalmos, Puffy face, Hoarse, husky voice

Exophthalmos

Assess the thyroid and pretracheal lymph nodes examination

Examination of thyroid gland :•Observe the neck, especially as the

patient swallows

Diffuse Goiter

Unilateral Swelling

Examine from front of patient :• to palpate the right lobe : palpate with

your left thumb while fixating the left lobe with your right thumb• rotate the gland slightly with one thumb

while palpating the other lobe with the other thumb• same principle for the other lobe

Palpation from the front

Examine from behind the patient :• ask the patient to flex the neck slightly

forward to relax the sternocleidomastoid muscles• place the three fingers of both hands on

the patient’s neck so that your index fingers are just below the cricoid cartilage• ask the patient to sip and swallow water as

before. Feel for thyroid isthmus rising up under your finger pads

Palpation from behind

• displace the trachea to the right with fingers of left hand, palpate lateral part of right lobe thyroid gland with the fingers of the right hand, • palpate in the space between the displaced

trachea and the relaxed sternocleidomastoid muscle, find the lateral margin. • In similar fashion, examine the left lobe. The

lobes are somewhat harder to feel than the isthmus• if the thyroid is enlarged, auscultation for

listen bruit by placing bell stethoscope above the lateral part of thyroid gland

• The size of thyroid nodules can be measured by first drawing and outline on the skin

Assess the cardiac condition :• Bradycardia and tachycardia

Assess the pulmonal condition :• Slow respiration, shortness of breath

• Assess the abdominal condition : slowed or rapid peristaltic• Assess the extremitas condition :• Tremor• Thyroid dermopathy• Moist hand, warm• Dry skin• Myxedema

Dermopathy

Assess the neuromuscular system• Slow reflexes• Hyper reflexes

Assess the musculoskeletal system•Muscular weakness

LID RETRACTION

LID RETRACTION

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